资源简介

（6）Unit 3 The world of science——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.Studies show that l_____(闪电) is a far greater killer than sharks, at least in the United States.
2.The ideas will be discussed at a summit of EU leaders next month and laws could be d_____(起草) some time after that.
3.The task requires e_____(非凡的) patience and endurance.
4.I suffered from m_____(精神的) illness when I was younger, and it totally affected my teenage years.
5.Scientists are trying their best to save the s_____(物种) from going out of existence.
二、语法填空
6.The government decided to take further measures to cure children _____ their addiction to online games.
7.The moon landing was of great _____(significant) in the advancement of space exploration.
8.Do you know how to keep _____ (mental) and physically healthy in our daily life
9.The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of _____(science) research.
10.The scientist devoted himself _____(entire) to his research, which turned out to be a success.
三、阅读理解
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.Why did the researchers develop the smart keyboard
A.To reduce pressure on keys. B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system. D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard
A.It'll be environment-friendly. B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics. D.It'll help speed up typing.
4.Where is this text most likely from
A.A diary. B.A guidebook. C.A novel. D.A magazine.
四、七选五
How can I fight laziness
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
①_____ Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ②_____
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child to promote responsibility. ③_____
④_____ Spouses (配偶) and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. To fight household laziness, lead by example. Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle. ⑤_____
A. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.
B. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
C. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.
D. Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner.
E. It can enable you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
F. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
G. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：lightning
解析：句意：研究发现闪电远比鲨鱼这个杀手厉害，至少在美国是这样的。
2.答案：drafted
解析：句意：这些想法将在下个月举行的欧盟领导人峰会上进行讨论，会后一段时间内，可能就会起草法案。
3.答案：extraordinary
解析：句意：那项任务需要非凡的耐心和忍耐力。extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的。
4.答案：mental
解析：句意：我年轻时患有精神疾病，它完全影响了我的青少年时期。mental adj.精神的；精神健康的。
5.答案：species
解析：句意：科学家们正在尽力挽救这个物种，使其免于灭绝。species n.物种。
二、语法填空
6.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：政府决定采取进一步措施来矫正儿童对网络游戏的沉迷。cure sb. of sth.意为"治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正某人的某种不良习惯"。
7.答案：significance
解析：考查名词。句意：登月对太空探索的发展具有重要意义。根据空前介词of 和形容词great可知，本空应用名词形式。be of great significance意为"具有重大意义的"。
8.答案：mentally
解析：考查副词。句意：你知道如何在日常生活中保持身心健康吗？本空和空后副词physically共同修饰形容词healthy，故应用副词形式作状语。
9.答案：scientific
解析：考查形容词。句意：人与植物之间的关系一直是科学研究的主题。research为名词，其前应用形容词作定语。scientific意为"科学(上)的"。
10.答案：entirely
解析：考查副词。句意：这位科学家全身心投入到他的研究中，结果他的研究取得了成功。设空处修饰动词devoted，应用副词形式。
三、阅读理解
答案：DCDD
解析：11.细节理解题。本题题干意为： 研究者们为什么研发智能键盘？ 根据文章第一段可知， 现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此， 来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的(low-cost) 装置—智能键盘， 来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项： 减少电子空间保护的成本。A: 减轻对按键的压力； B: 提升打字的精确度； C: 取代密码系统。
12.细节理解题。本题题干意为： 什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能？ 根据第二段第四句"These patterns are unique to each person." 可知， 因为每个人的打字模式各不相同， 所以智能键盘能识别人的身份， 保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项： 打字模式因人而异。A: 计算机很容易操作； B: 指纹扫描技术发展很快； D: 数据安全措施有保证。
13.细节理解题。本题题干意为： 研究者们对智能键盘期待什么？ 根据文章最后一段最后两句话， 研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化， 智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成， 团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A: 它将是环保的； C: 它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项， 用塑料制造是事实， 但不是将来发生的事； D: 它将有助于加速打字。
14.推理判断题。本题题干意为： 这篇文章最有可能来自哪里？ 文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备—智能键盘， 并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨， 属于科普类文章， 故答案为D项： 杂志。A: 日记； B: 指导手册； C: 小说。
四、七选五
答案：BGDCE
解析：①由第二段的内容"By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day."以及设空处的位置可知，设空处要提出一种战胜懒惰的方法，故B选项"战胜懒惰的一个方法就是要有充足的睡眠"符合语境。
②由设空处的位置可知，设空处对滋生懒惰的条件进行说明。G项"当你不再觉得你能掌控自己的生活时，懒惰就开始了。"符合本段内容，故选G。
③由上文内容"Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child to promote responsibility."可知，设空处也要同前一句话一样用来说明消除周围的诱惑来战胜懒惰的具体做法。D项"完成一些任务，用你喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐。"符合语境，故选D。
④由第五段的内容"To fight household laziness，lead by example. Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task."以及设空处的位置可知，设空处应为本段要讨论的问题。故C选项"懒惰在家里也可能是一个长期存在的问题"符合语境。
⑤由上文中的"Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle."可知，设空处也要同前一句话一样来说明经常锻炼所带来的益处。E项"它可以让你有更多的精力，帮助你开心起来。"与上句连接说明了同一主题，故选E。（12）Unit 6 Disaster and hope——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. O_____(否则), the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
2.They were allowed to go n_____(无处) at noon. So they went to sleep.
3.This smart keyboard p_____(精确地) measures the pressure that fingers apply to each key.
4.We must pull our company out of the financial c_____(危机) as soon as possible.
5.A true friend is a r_____(可信赖的) person, and you can have confidence in him.
二、语法填空
6.She could do nothing but _______ (change) her name under the circumstances.
7.I spent more than a year ______ (adjust) myself to the new school in another county.
8.My uncle is a ______ (rely) man. If he promises to do something, he is sure to do it.
9.The new regulation will apply to everyone without ______ (except).
10.I ______ (telephone) Jane when someone knocked at the door.
三、阅读理解
Global warming is one of the most serious dangers to our mother earth. Due to global warming, the ice of the glaciers will melt down one day ,the sea level will increase from the present level, and a lot of diseases will occur. To stop all these bad happenings, global warming must be stopped as soon as possible. All necessary steps should be taken so as to save life on earth.
There are a lot of causes of global warming. Some of these causes are natural. But some causes are produced by humans. People should use the following methods to reduce them.
One should reduce the use of electrical appliances which give off harmful gases and are a big reason for this problem. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, etc.
Become a vegetarian. It will reduce the raising of animals for the purpose of food, and so reduce the production of methane.
Use the rule of RRR in your daily life. RRR means Reduce, Reuse & Recycle. By following RRR people can reduce the waste of energy. Therefore, less fuel will be used to produce energy, thus reducing the greenhouse effect. For example, recycle paper for further use.
Among all the methods to stop the greenhouse effect, the most effective one is to plant more trees because plants or trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the environment.
The use of fluorescent bulbs (荧光灯) should be increased because these bulbs produce few greenhouse gases.
Use renewable energy resources like solar energy, which can help in reducing the production of harmful gases.
Tell your friends and neighbours about the above methods. And remember: if you stop the causes of global warming, the earth will stop warming.
11.According to the passage, what can global warming lead to
①The decrease in glaciers.
②The rise of the sea level.
③The increase in diseases.
④The reduction in the number of wild animals.
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②④
12.According to the passage, the best method to stop the greenhouse effect is to ________ .
A.reduce the use of electrical appliances B.use fluorescent bulbs
C.plant as many trees as possible .try to use solar energy
13.Why does the author advise people to become vegetarians
A.Because it can resolve the conflicts between humans and animals.
B.Because people can live a healthier life in this way.
C.Because it can help protect animals.
D.Because it can reduce the giving off of methane.
14.What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A.To show his concern about global warming.
B.To show the importance of protecting the environment.
C.To tell us how to reduce global warming.
D.To tell us what leads to global warming.
四、七选五
Americans use many expressions with the word "dog". People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. ①_____ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. ②_____ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
③_____ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
④_____ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. ⑤_____
A. Still, people say every dog has its day.
B. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
C. Dogs are people's loyal friends all the time.
D. Sometimes, morning rain can light up the day.
E. Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.
F. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.
G. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them nice meals.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：Otherwise
解析：句意：对传统的研究应该与实践相结合。否则，对传统的再创造将是虚假和空洞的，他说。
2.答案：nowhere
解析：句意：他们中午任何地方都不准去，于是他们就去睡觉。
3.答案：precisely
解析：句意：这个智能键盘精确地测量手指对每个键施加的压力。precisely adv.精确地，准确地。
4.答案：crisis
解析：句意：我们必须使公司尽快摆脱财政危机。crisis n.危机。
5.答案：reliable
解析：句意：真正的朋友是一个可信赖的人，你可以信任他。reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的。
二、语法填空
6.答案：change
解析：句意为： 在这种情况下， 她只能改名字。此处为固定短语 can do nothing but do sth, 表示"除了……什么也干不了； 只能做……"。
7.答案：adjusting
解析：句意为：我花了一年多的时间才使自己适应另一个县的新学校。spend some time (in) doing sth 为固定表达，意为"花费一段时间做某事"。故填 adjusting。
8.答案：reliable
解析：句意为：我的叔叔是一个可靠的人。他许诺做的事，一定会做到。设空处作定语， 修饰名词 man, 表示 "可靠的", 应用形容词形式。
9.答案：exception
解析：句意为： 这条新规定将无一例外地适用于每个人。设空处前有介词 without, 应用名词形式。without exception 为固定短语， 意为"无一例外"。
10.答案：was telephoning
解析：句意为： 我正在给简打电话， 这时候有人敲门。be doing… when... 为固定句型， 意为 "正在做……这时……"; when 引导的时间状语从句的时态为一般过去时， 故主句应用过去进行时， 且主语为 I, be 动词应用 was。故填 was telephoning。
三、阅读理解
答案：ACDC
解析：语篇解读：全球气候变暖已经成为不争的事实，但人们还是可以做一些事情来减缓这个过程。
11.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知前三点正确。第四点文中并未提到。故选A项。
12.解析：细节理解题。由第六段的"Among all the methods to stop the greenhouse effect, the most effective one is to plant more trees..."可知，最好的方法是多种树。故C项正确。
13.解析：细节理解题。由第四段的"It will reduce the raising of animals for the purpose of food, and so reduce the production of methane."可知，本题选D项。
14.解析：作者意图题。由第二段的"But some causes are produced by humans. People should use the following methods to reduce them."和最后一段的"And remember: if you stop the causes of global warming, the earth will stop warming."可知，作者写本文的目的是告诉人们如何减缓气候变暖，故选C项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ GFAEB
解析：①根据上文"People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well." 可知， 他们带狗散步， 让它们在外面玩， 给它们美食， 故选G。
②根据上文"Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world."可知， 这意味着很多人在为同样的事情竞争， 像好工作，故选F。
③根据下文"This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life."可知， 然而， 人们会说"every dog has its day"。故选 A。
④根据下文都是一些不好的含义可知， 一些人被用不好的方式比作狗， 故选E。
⑤根据上文"But we do not want it to rain too hard." 可知， 我们不想rain cats and dogs(倾盆大雨)故选B。（10）Unit 5 What an adventure!——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.In the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage, a s_____(潜水艇) carrying a team of scientists is shrunk to the size of a microbe and injected into a dying man.
2.The first bubbles to escape from the l_____(液体) are a mixture of air and hydrogen.
3.You may eat in two hours. But don't rinse your mouth today because it may cause b_____(流血).
4.If we publish a treatment g_____(指导方针), other countries can introduce this guidance with confidence.
5.If plastic and r_____(橡胶) are burnt, they'll give off poisonous gases.
二、语法填空
6.The twins were so alike that it was impossible to distinguish one______ the other.
7.I had no idea whether he______ (attend) my birthday party.
8.Plants are able to do some pretty awesome things that you are probably totally unaware______.
9.After he opened the pack and looked at the things in it, he was greatly______ (astonish).
10.Plant the beans at a______ (deep) of about six inches.
三、阅读理解
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-masters that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honour drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
11. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley
A. They were made last week. B. They showed undersea sceneries.
C. They were found by a cameraman. D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.
12. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text
A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton.
C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.
13. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage
A. Artistic creation. B. Scientific research.
C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting.
14. What can we infer about the scene where Scott was lying in the tent
A. It was encouraging. B. It was exciting.
C. It was very sad. D. It was disappointing.
四、七选五
Chinese products more popular abroad
When riding a Mobike in a street, you are likely to hear passers-by speaking Chinese aloud. ①_____ After entering a store, it's possible that you'll see Huawei smartphones for sale. It isn't referring to a city in China, but Manchester, UK. ②_____ Indeed, Chinese products have been going global recently.
③_____ But to satisfy local people's tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes. "One example is the meat," said Yin Hang, who is studying at the University of Wollongong in Australia. "We like to eat meat with bones in while people here don't. Therefore, Chinese restaurants serve big pieces of meat without bones, even for fish."
④_____ In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers, reported Reuters. More than half of US-owned drones (无人机) are Chinese models, according to China Daily. They're not only made in China, but designed and developed in the country.
In the past, most people in the West thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable. But things have changed greatly. ⑤_____ "For example, Huawei, one of China's major smartphone makers, overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the first time in June and July last year," noted consulting firm Counterpoint Research.
A. What is the biggest problem with many Chinese brands
B. Turning to the right, you may see a Sichuan-style restaurant.
C. Many Chinese brands are also becoming more and more popular.
D. Chinese dishes have been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time.
E. Meanwhile, international brands are still enjoying great success in China.
F. "Made in China" has become cool and more people trust Chinese brands.
G. In fact, you might see similar things in many other cities around the world.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：submarine
解析：句意：在1966年的电影《神奇之旅》中，一个载着一队科学家的潜水艇被缩小到微生物大小并被注射进一个快要死去的人体内。
2.答案：liquid
解析：句意：从该液体中最先溢出的气泡是空气和氢的混合物。
3.答案：bleeding
解析：句意：两小时后您就可以吃东西了，但是今天不要漱口，那样可能会引起出血。
4.答案：guideline
解析：句意：如果我们发布治疗指南，其他国家就可放心应用这一指南。
5.答案：rubber
解析：句意：塑料和橡胶燃烧时会释放出有毒的气体。
二、语法填空
6.答案：from
解析：句意为：这对双胞胎如此相像，以至于不可能把俩人区分开。distinguish ... from ...为固定搭配，意为"将与区分开"。
7.答案：would attend
解析：句意为：我不知道他是否会参加我的生日聚会。设空处作从句谓语，attend 表示的动作还未发生，结合主句谓语为一般过去时可知，时态用过去将来时。故填would attend
8.答案：of
解析：句意为：植物能做一些相当令人惊叹的事情，这些事你可能完全不知道。be unaware of...为固定搭配，意为"不知道……；未意识到……"。
9.答案：astonished
解析：句意为：他打开包裹，看到里面的东西后，感到非常惊讶。设空处作表语，且其前有副词 greatly修饰，应用形容词形式；此处修饰人，表示"感到吃惊的；感到惊讶的",故填 astonished
10.答案：depth
解析：句意为：把这些豆子种在地下大约6英寸深的地方。设空处前有不定冠词a，后为介词of，应填名词；at a depth of意为"在……的深度"。故填depth。
三、阅读理解
答案：DCCC
解析：11.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的"In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck"可知，照片拍摄的是一次灾难性的冒险。
12.推理判断题。第三段中提到，被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott比其他三人先到达南极。
13.细节理解题。题干的Alexander在最后一段中出现， the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making),故选C项。
14.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger"可知，当时的场景非常凄惨。
四、七选五
答案：BGDCF
解析：①根据上文"When riding a Mobike in a street, you are likely to hear passers-by speaking Chinese aloud."可知是在街道上，因此"向右转，你可能会看到一家四川风味的餐馆"符合语境。故选B。
②根据下文"Indeed, Chinese products have been going global recently."中的global可对应到G项中的around the world，故G项"事实上，你可能会在世界上其他许多城市看到类似的事情"符合语境。
③根据下文"But to satisfy local people's tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some necessary changes to the dishes."可知是在讲中餐，由此可对应到D项中的Chinese dishes，故D项"中国菜在西方国家受欢迎已经有很长时间了"符合语境。
④根据下文"In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers, reported Reuters."可知是在说许多中国品牌也变得越来越受欢迎。故选C。
⑤根据下文"For example, Huawei, one of China's major smartphone makers, overtook Apple in global smartphone sales for the first time in June and July last year..."可知"中国制造"变得很酷，越来越多的人信任中国品牌。故选F。（15）Unit 1 Laugh out loud!——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
重点知识预习：
关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
当先行词指时间或地点，且在定语从句中作状语时，用when，where引导非限制性定语从句，why不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Opposite is St Paul's Cathedral, where you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。
"介词＋关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句
在"介词＋关系代词"中，关系代词用whom指人，用which指物。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
就人类为什么哭出眼泪科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。
Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1．引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
2．非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。
I have two foreign teachers, both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。
The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.
美国来的那位外教教我们文学。
3．非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.
这就是我们正谈论的那个人。
This is the man, whom we talked about just now.
这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。
4．在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。
He is the very person whom/who/that we referred to.
他正是我们提到的那个人。
Do you know Tom, whom we just referred to
你认识汤姆吗？就是我们刚刚提到过的
预习自测
语法填空：
1.Due to her years of training, the girl said she had never been to a zoo or _____ (amuse) park.
2.It presents live _____ (entertain), including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
3.In 1993 we moved to Boston, _____ my grandparents lived.
4.The heroic deeds of Huang Jiguang deserve _____ (record) in letters of gold.
5.May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, _____ was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
6.The _____ (employ) didn't cheer up because his company was in a bad situation.
7.It is remarked that the Internet has taken the place of television, providing universal _____ (entertain).
8.It's challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by _____ (advertise).
9.Needless to say, everyone was _____ a really good mood.
10.You'd better go to the doctor and have your ankle _____ (examine).
答案以及解析
1.答案：amusement
解析：句意：由于多年的训练，这个女孩说她从未去过动物园或游乐场。amusement park是名词短语，意为"游乐场"。
2.答案：entertainment
解析：句意：它提供现场娱乐，包括流行音乐、摇滚、民谣、爵士乐、音乐剧、舞蹈、世界音乐、电影和古典音乐。空前的live是形容词，意为"现场的"，其后应跟名词。
3.答案：where
解析：句意：1993年，我们搬到了波士顿，我祖父母曾在那里居住。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Boston，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
4.答案：recording/to be recorded
解析：句意：黄继光的英勇事迹值得好好记录下来。deserve doing/to be done是固定搭配，意为"值得做某事"。
5.答案：which
解析：句意：今年的5月21日是第一个国际茶日，它被联合国于2019年11月27日正式命名。was named...2019是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词International Tea Day，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
6.答案：employer
解析：句意：雇主高兴不起来，因为他的公司情况很糟糕。定冠词修饰名词，由his company可知是"雇主"。
7.答案：entertainment
解析：句意：据评论互联网已经取代了电视，提供大众娱乐。形容词修饰名词。
8.答案：advertisements
解析：句意：成为一个健康专家是具有挑战性的，因为人们很容易受到广告的影响。by是介词，应用名词作其宾语，advertisement是可数名词，其前没有冠词或物主代词，应用复数。
9.答案：in
解析：句意：不用说，每个人的心情都很好。in a good/bad mood是固定短语，意为"心情好/不好"。
10.答案：examined
解析：句意：你最好去看医生，检查一下你的脚踝。have sth. done表示"使某事被做"。（3）Unit 2 Making a difference——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.The b_____(好处) which the reservoir(水库) brings to the villagers is not limited to agriculture.
2.By drawing local cities and regions closer together, the bridge will a_____(帮助) the area's development greatly.
3.The charity shop is a British i_____(机构), selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices.
4.Like many m_____(军队的) medals, the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure.
5.Water shortage has become the c_____(主要的) concern of the world today.
二、语法填空
6.The loss of big trees was the greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water _______ (short).
7.The man born with a ______ (disable) became the champion of the Paralympic Games, which was very honourable.
8.When asked to name a best friend, the boy answered the question without ______ (hesitate).
9.We hope that the enclosed draft contract will be acceptable to you and we look forward to receiving your ______ (confirm).
10.On ______ (hear) the news, she seemed upset but quickly restored herself.
三、阅读理解
In one of the old buildings near our school, one could see an old man sitting by a large window on the first floor. His name was James. During the three years at school, I had hardly ever found him missing from his usual position.
He was a high-ranking government official and lived happily with his wife. Once there was a bus accident, in which a number of passengers were seriously injured and were taken to the hospital for treatment. James was responsible for the rescue operation. It was a big hospital, but James was shocked to notice how ill-equipped it was. There were no enough life-saving drugs and life-supporting equipment. The injured and their companions had to struggle there. James attempted to help. However, though he emptied his pockets, many of them died that day.
That was a turning point in his life. He made a decision to devote his life to helping others, particularly the poor and needy patients and their companions. He began spending much of his income on these people. Since this required a lot of time and energy, he found it difficult to fulfill his official duties and therefore chose to retire, which, in turn, reduced his income considerably.
His wife was deeply worried. Most of the time, James was out and paid least attention to home affairs. Meanwhile, as he was spending a lot helping others, she had to struggle even to meet the household expenses. Though she was not opposed to his helping the poor, she urged him not to overlook his own life and home, but it had no effect on him. One day they had a heated argument and in the end she left him, never to return. Though he continued with his work, this was a great blow and did serious harm to his health and enthusiasm and he was soon forced to stay indoors. That was when he took his position by the window, spending his time looking outside.
A few weeks after my graduation, I returned to school, only to find the buildings gone. I heard that they were torn down. All the people left except James. He refused to go and the next morning, he was found at his usual place by the window, dead.
11.What changed James' view towards life
A.The difficulties in his career.
B.The deaths in the bus accident.
C.The bad conditions in the hospital.
D.The responsibilities in the operation.
12.James chose to retire in order to _________.
A.take care of the injured passengers
B.find a better job to increase his income
C.spare more time and energy to help others
D.stay away from the difficult official duties
13.James' wife left because ________.
A.she was strongly against his deeds
B.James paid too little attention to his work
C.her work to support their daily life was too tiring
D. James failed to keep a balance between charity and home
14.The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A.his decision to retire B.the departure of his wife
C.the argument with his wife D.his devotion to helping others
四、七选五
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: "Should I jump " This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. ①_____ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
②_____ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ③_____ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. ④_____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough. ⑤_____ You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：benefit
解析：句意：水库给村民们带来的好处不只是在农业方面。
2.答案：aid
解析：句意：通过拉近当地城市和地区的距离，这座桥将极大地帮助该地区的发展。aid v.帮助，援助。
3.答案：institution
解析：句意：这家慈善商店是一家英国机构，出售从衣服到电器等各种商品，价格都非常优惠。institution n.机构，团体。
4.答案：military
解析：句意：和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的这枚奖章是家族的珍宝。military n.军队；adj.军队的。
5.答案：chief
解析：句意：水资源短缺已成为当今世界主要关心的事。
二、语法填空
6.答案：shortage
解析："water" 后需要一个名词，"short" 的名词形式 "shortage" 表示 "短缺"，"water shortage" 即 "水资源短缺"，符合题意，所以填 "shortage"。
7.答案：disability
解析：句意为：这个出生时就有残疾的人成了残奥会冠军，这非常值得敬佩。设空处作born with 的宾语，且被冠词a修饰，应用名词。故填 disability
8.答案：hesitation
解析：句意为：当被要求说一个最好的朋友的名字时，那个男孩毫不犹豫地回答了出来。设空处前是介词，所以设空处应该用名词形式， without hesitation意为"毫不犹豫地"故填hesitation。
9.答案：confirmation
解析：句意为：我们希望贵方能接受随函附上的合同草案，并期待收到贵方的确认函。设空处作动名词receiving的宾语，且被形容词性物主代词your修饰，应用名词。故填confirmation。
10.答案：hearing
解析：句意为：一听到这个消息，她似乎很沮丧，但很快就恢复了过来。on/upon doing...为固定用法，意为"……就……"。故填hearing。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，詹姆斯之所以投身慈善，是因为他目睹了医院恶劣的条件给病人及其亲属带来的折磨。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。从第三段末的Since this required a lot of time and energy, he found it difficult to fulfill his official duties and therefore chose to retire...可知做慈善需要大量的时间和精力，让他无法做好自己的工作，所以他不得不选择退休，以便有更多的时间和精力去做慈善。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。从第四段中的Though she was not opposed to his helping the poor, she urged him not to overlook his own life and home...可知，他的妻子不满他太专心于慈善工作而忽略了家庭，即没有在事业和家庭之间达到平衡。故选D项。
14.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。this指代的是前面的she left him, never to return，即妻子的离开。故选B项。
四、七选五
答案：GBAEC
解析：①根据空前一句"Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin."可知， 此处在讲动力和设定目标之间的关系， 故G项"没有动力， 你既无法设定目标， 也无法实现目标"符合语境。
②第一段阐述了动力和设定目标之间的关系， 结合空后的"More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal "可知， 空处与空后内容形成递进关系， 故B项符合语境。
③空前讲有时候你的心思并不在工作上， 由此可知空处应选A"这会影响你的工作"。
④根据空前一句中的"goals are flexible"可知， 目标是可变动的， 因此E项"它们可以根据情况发生改变"符合语境。
⑤空前一句说你可能想当飞行员， 但因为视力不好， 你的目标不能实现。再结合空后一句中的"reassess your goals...set a fresh goal"可知C项符合语境。（11）Unit 6 Disaster and hope——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.Located in the northwest of Shandong Province, our c_____(县) is famous for cotton.
2.It is estimated that one b_____(十亿) people in the world are suffering from hunger and malnutrition.
3.It is everybody's duty to take good care of public p_____(财物).
4.Charity organizations provide s_____(住所) and food for the homeless when winter comes.
5.Only when agriculture is fully developed can industry have s_____(充足的) materials and markets.
二、语法填空
6.I was driving down to London _____ I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
7.He gives you his full attention ______ (immediate) you begin to speak.
8.I was at a disadvantage compared ______ the younger members of the team.
9.Some parents want to shelter their kids ______ every kind of danger, real or imagined.
municating with the old can be challenging, especially ______ you consider the fact that their abilities are falling.
三、阅读理解
In December 2004, I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea, known as sea nomads (海上游牧民族). I was living with members of the Chao-Ley tribe (部落) on a small island in southern Thailand. We didn't share a language and depended on body language to communicate.
I went to the sea with them regularly. One morning, I was due to set out with a group of six fishermen in a small boat. The sea looked different, with the water totally still.
About 20 minutes after we left and a few miles out in the open sea, one of the fishermen pointed to a small white spot far in the distance. It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly. This was a tsunami wave speeding through the ocean. We were in shock.
Usually, the deeper the water, the weaker the wave. But we weren't out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck. I began to feel really scared.
The captain told the six of us where to sit, so we would balance the boat. My camera was in my backpack. I wanted to capture the scene, but I couldn't. Any movement would make the boat out of balance. Suddenly there was a huge noise. The wave hit the boat, but in a flash the skilled captain managed to swerve (突然转向) up and onto the wave. Then the boat moved from the tip of the wave down into safe waters. Our eyes and mouths were wide open, and everyone let out heavy sighs. The captain had saved us all.
Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how important life can be. I've been going back to Southeast Asia almost every year since. The photography project has become a thank-you to the person who saved my life. The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains "the one that got away"—I think every photographer has one. But mine changed my life.
11.What happened before the author set out with the fishermen
A.The captain wanted to cancel the trip. B.He noticed something unusual.
C.They saw a white spot in the distance. D.It looked as if it was about to rain.
12.When did the author start to feel frightened
A. When fishermen on the boat felt nervous.
B.When he realized they were trapped.
C.When the boat was about to be hit.
D.When the boat shook violently.
13.What was the author doing when the tsunami wave hit the boat
A.Helping the captain swerve. B.Taking a photo of the wave.
C.Trying not to move. D.Reaching for his backpack.
14.What did the author learn from his experience
A.We should have the courage to take risks.
B.Opportunity never knocks twice.
C.Life is too short to be wasted.
D.Sometimes regrets in life can save us.
四、七选五
Americans use many expressions with the word "dog". People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. ①_____ However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. ②_____ They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
③_____ This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
④_____ People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. ⑤_____
A. Still, people say every dog has its day.
B. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
C. Dogs are people's loyal friends all the time.
D. Sometimes, morning rain can light up the day.
E. Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.
F. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.
G. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them nice meals.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：county
解析：句意：我们县位于山东省西北部，以棉花闻名。county n.县，郡。
2.答案：billion
解析：句意：据估计，世界上有十亿人正在遭受饥饿和营养不良。billion num.十亿。
3.答案：property
解析：句意：爱护公物，人人有责。property n.所有物，财物，财产。
4.答案：shelter
解析：句意：冬天来临时，慈善组织为无家可归的人提供住所和食物。
5.答案：sufficient
解析：句意：只有农业充分发展了，工业才有足够的原料和市场。
二、语法填空
6.答案： when
解析：句意为：当时我正开车前往伦敦，突然发现我走错了路。be doing...when...意为"正在做某事，这时突然……"，故填when。
7.答案：immediately
解析：句意为：你一开始讲话，他就会全神贯注地听。设空处引导时间状语从句，应用immediately，意为"一……就……"，在此用作连词。
8.答案：to/with
解析：句意为：与队里较年轻的队员相比，我处于不利地位。be compared to/with 为固定短语，意为"与……相比"，故填to/with.
9.答案：from
解析：句意为： 一些家长想要替孩子挡住所有的危险， 不管是真实的还是想象的。shelter sb from sth 意为"保护/庇护某人免遭……", 为固定搭配。
10.答案：when
解析：句意为： 和老年人交流可能具有挑战性， 尤其当你考虑到他们的能力正在衰退这一事实时。especially 后为时间状语从句的省略结构， 结合句意可知， 此处表示 "当……的时候", 故填 when。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，一天早晨，作者要和六个渔民乘坐一条小船出发。大海看起来不一样了，海水是完全静止的。所以，在出发前，作者注意到了一些不寻常的情况。故选B。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的feel frightened定位到第四段中的"I began to feel really scared."。根据该信息前面的"But we weren't out far enough to be safe, nor close enough to shore to make it back in time. We were stuck."可知，当作者意识到他们被困住的时候，他开始感到害怕。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前四句可知，为了让船能平衡，船长告诉作者在内的六人坐在合适的位置。尽管作者想拿出背包里的照相机拍摄，但他不能这样做，任何动作都会使船失去平衡。所以当海啸波袭击船的时候，作者尽力保持不动。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，经历了那次与死神的邂逅，作者深刻理解了生命的重要性。虽说在那次灾难时，作为摄影师，作者没有拍到现场的照片，但船长的英勇和他们的克制不动让他们活了下来。由此推知，从这次经历中作者意识到有时候生活中的遗憾可以拯救我们。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ GFAEB
解析：①根据上文"People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well." 可知， 他们带狗散步， 让它们在外面玩， 给它们美食， 故选G。
②根据上文"Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world."可知， 这意味着很多人在为同样的事情竞争， 像好工作，故选F。
③根据下文"This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life."可知， 然而， 人们会说"every dog has its day"。故选 A。
④根据下文都是一些不好的含义可知， 一些人被用不好的方式比作狗， 故选E。
⑤根据上文"But we do not want it to rain too hard." 可知， 我们不想rain cats and dogs(倾盆大雨)故选B。（5）Unit 3 The world of science——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.The report presents a faithful a_____(记述) of the event.
2.Although the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact p_____(证据) about it, they could not arrest him.
3.M_____(金属) products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.
4.This is not standard p_____(程序) but this is why I love my doctor.
5.For all the feelings readers a_____(与……有关联) to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.
二、语法填空
6.The job market has changed and our approached to ______(find) jobs must change as well.
7.Tom, as well as his teammates, _____(select) for the talent show last week, which made them proud and happy.
8.He has never had the thought of giving up, even under huge _____(press).
9.The situation in the job market has changed and our approach to _____(find) work must change as well.
10.The Secretary General says the _____(declare) must be backed up by specific and effective actions.
三、阅读理解
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions. This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn't produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 35 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called "ZEM", which stands for "Zero Emission Mobility", the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team calculates if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometres, it can remove 2 kilogrammes of carbon dioxide from the air. That's not a huge amount, but 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. They point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more sustainable: The car's frame and panels (控制板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: It can be charged with solar panels on the car's roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn't on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 35 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
11.What is special about ZEM
A. It can end the world's CO, release.
B. It can cut the truck's CO, emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO, in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO.
12.Why does the team calculate the amount of CO, absorbed by ZEM in Paragraph 2
A. To demonstrate a superb vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO, as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
13.What do we know about all the components of ZEM
A. They are of high quality.
B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print.
D. They are environmentally friendly.
14.What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption.
B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers.
D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
四、七选五
Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That's a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests.
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect problems before they develop. During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. ① ______ Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space.
② ______ Studies on computer-related eye strain suggest that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face. If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks.
This may not always be practical if you're quite busy, but it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. ③ ______ While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away from their computers, it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen.
④ ______
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind this trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. ⑤ ______
A. Exercise your eyes.
B. Give your eyes a chance to rest.
C. Make your screen more eye-friendly.
D. Studies show it's an effective way to reduce tiredness.
E. You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.
F. The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.
G. Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：account
解析：句意：这份报告如实地描述了那次事件。account n.记述，描述。
2.答案：proof
解析：句意：尽管警方认为他是最有可能的那个人，但是因为他们没有确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。proof n.证明，证据。
3.答案：Metal
解析：句意：金属产品和纸制品需要大量的能源来生产，所以你应该找到方法再次使用它们，而不是扔掉它们。metal n.金属。
4.答案：procedure
解析：句意：这不是标准的程序，但这是我喜欢我的医生的地方。
5.答案：attach
解析：句意：就读者对故事的所有感受而言，文学是一场数字游戏，时间的考验是极其难以通过的。
二、语法填空
6.答案：finding
解析："approach to..." 中 "to" 是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语，"find" 的动名词形式 "finding" 符合语境，即就业市场已经改变，我们找工作的方法也必须改变。
7.答案：was selected
解析：句意为：汤姆和他的队友们上周被挑选参加选秀节目，这让他们感到自豪和快乐。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主句谓语，主句主语和动词 select之间是被动关系，结合last week可知应用一般过去时的被动语态；当主语后有as well as引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与as well as前的主语保持一致，主句主语是Tom，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填was selected。
8.答案：pressure
解析：考查词形转换。句意：即使在巨大的压力下，他也从未想过放弃。under pressure为固定短语，意为"承受着(急于完成某事的)压力"。故填pressure。
9.答案：finding
解析：句意为：就业市场的形势已经发生了变化，我们找工作的方式也必须改变。approach to ...为固定搭配，意为"……的方法"，其中to为介词，设空处应用动名词作宾语。故填finding
10.答案：declaration
解析：句意为：秘书长说，宣言必须得到具体有效的行动的支持。says后为省略了引导词that的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，且被定冠词the修饰，应用名词。故填declaration。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Called "ZEM", which stands for "Zero Emission Mobility". The car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives。可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 The team calculates if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometres... 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time。可知，研究团队计算ZEM 吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明ZEM汽车这一构想绝佳。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The car's frame and panels are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials... ZEM's battery is also reusable 可知，ZEM汽车的所有零部件都是环保的。故选 D项。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If 35 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers are expected to adopt these innovations, too. 可知，这支来自埃因霍芬理工大学的学生团队希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的量产。故选B项。
四、七选五
答案：EFBAD
解析：①根据下文Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance。可知，作者建议将距离告诉医生，以寻求更准确的检测；由此可推知，设空处是建议大家测量眼睛和屏幕之间的距离。E项(你还应该测量工作时眼睛到屏幕的距离)符合语境，E项中的distance与下文的it和 distance呼应。故选E项。
②根据本段小标题Give your eyes space。可知，本段主要建议给眼睛留点空间，即眼睛和屏幕之间应有一段距离。下文screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face 说明屏幕与脸部之间应该保持适当距离。F项(手机或电脑屏幕离你的眼睛越近，你的眼睛就越难聚焦)指出了眼睛离手机或电脑屏幕近的危害，引出了下文应保持适当距离的建议，符合语境。故选F项。
③上文it's important not to stare directly at a screen for too long建议人们不要长时间盯着屏幕，下文it's recommended that you take a 15-minute break after every two hours spent at your screen建议人们适当休息，设空处承上启下。B项(给你的眼睛一个休息的机会)符合语境。故选B项。
④根据下文To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the "20-20-20 rule"—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds。可推知，本段主要建议大家锻炼眼睛来缓解疲劳。A项(锻炼你的眼睛)适合作为本段小标题。故选A项。
⑤上文The science behind this trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye.解释了为什么"20-20-20规则"可以放松眼睛，缓解疲劳。D项(研究表明这是缓解疲劳的有效方法)承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。（7）Unit 4 Amazing art——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine l_____(缺少) enough data.
2.Beginning with the Song dynasty (960—1279), e_____ (皇帝) unearthed these symbolic bronzes and began collecting them.
3.In Guatemala, I s_____(资助) with thirty dollars a month, but it doesn't seem enough.
4.The government is taking every measure to s_____(刺激) the economy.
5.The walls were painted in two s_____(色度) of green.
二、语法填空
6.Problems resulting from lack______ social communication, if not solved properly, may eat away at relationships.
7.It will take a week for your application______ (process).
8.At the moment, different countries______ (develop) air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones.
9.I'd like to recommend this novel______ anyone who has an interest in science fiction.
10.He was regarded______ the most successful president of modern times.
三、阅读理解
A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That's something most of us have experienced. After all, it's part of human life. But no question, the experience can be devastating(令人悲痛的).
However, research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy and the desire to connect with others—both ways through the prison of heartache and despair.
Sad music can help heal and uplift you from your broken heart. A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music can arouse feelings of empathy, sympathy, and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, is psychologically healing. It draws you away from this sense of loss, and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was "beautiful but sad" improved their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously had their awareness of the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, when they intended that the sad music might help, they found that it did.
These findings link with other studies that show facing your sad situation emotionally—accepting reality as it is-leads to healing and growth beyond it. In short, acknowledging your full experience arouses hope. For example, research from Cornell University, found that embracing discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, leads to motivation to find a pathway through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, "If you're going through hell, keep going." That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It fuels hope.
11.What can we learn from the study from Germany
A. Listening to sad music can cure people of heartache.
B. Realising their sadness, people may willingly listen to sad music.
C. Embracing sadness, people can have a better future.
D. Listening to sad music can motivate people to connect with others.
12.Which of the following best illustrates the course of the psychologically healing of sadness
A. activate→connect→accept→grow
B. accept→activate→connect→grow
C. connect→accept→activate→grow
D.connect→activate→accept→grow
13.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 possibly mean
A. Walk alongside discomfort.
B. Sadness stops you from growing.
C. Say no to those who challenge you.
D. Difficulties will not always stay with you.
14.What is a suitable title for the text
A. Listening to Music Makes You Happy
B. Facing Sadness Bravely Brings About Hope
C. Sad Music Can Help People Through
D. Music Helps People Accept Sad Reality
四、七选五
Really organized people are not born organized people. ①______, which then help them stay organized. Here are four habits they use to keep their lives in order.
Write things down. A pen and a notebook are needed to record things. ②______.You will only further make your life complex (复杂的) by trying to contain important dates and messages in your head.
Make schedules and deadlines. By leading a cluttered (杂乱的) lifestyle, you will not have the time or space to make your deadlines or achieve your goals. Organized people don't waste time.
They recognize that keeping things organized goes hand in hand with staying productive (富有成效 的). They make and keep schedules for the day and week. They make deadlines and set goals.③______.
Don't put off doing what you should be doing. ④______. If you want your life to be less stressful, then take action as soon as you can. Put in effort to get things done as soon as possible.
⑤______. People who live organized lives only keep what they need and what they really want .Have you ever felt like you don't have the space to keep all the things you own Instead of buying a larger house, get rid of some.
A. Give everything a home
B. Keep only what you need
C. They have to develop some habits
D. And most importantly, they stick to them.
E. You can also use a computer or a smart phone
F. Organized people find time every week to organize their things
G. The longer you wait to do something, the more difficult it will be to get it done
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：lack
解析：句意：在19个已知的北极熊亚种群中，有3个种群数量在减少，6个种群数量稳定，1个种群数量在增加，9个种群缺少足够的数据。
2.答案：emperors
解析：句意：从宋朝(960—1279)开始，皇帝发掘这些具有象征意义的青铜器，并开始收集它们。
3.答案：sponsor
解析：句意：在危地马拉，我每个月资助30美元，但这似乎还不够。
4.答案：stimulate
解析：句意：政府正在采取一切措施刺激经济。stimulate v.刺激，促使，促进。
5.答案：shades
解析：句意：墙壁是用两种不同深浅的绿色漆成的。shade n.(色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度。
二、语法填空
6.答案：of
解析：句意为：由于缺乏社会沟通而产生的问题，如果不能妥善解决，可能会破坏人际关系。此处lack为名词，lack of 为固定搭配，意为"缺乏"。故填of。
7.答案：to be processed
解析：句意为：处理你的申请需要一周时间。此处为"it will take+一段时间+to do sth"句型，且动词process与其逻辑主语 your application之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be processed
8.答案：are developing
解析：句意为：目前，不同的国家正在开发能够管理大量无人机的空中交通管制系统。根据时间状语At the moment可知，设空处应用现在进行时；countries 与 develop之间为主动关系，应用主动形式；主语为复数，谓语应用复数形式。故填are developing
9.答案：to
解析：句意为：我想把这篇小说推荐给任何对科幻小说感兴趣的人。recommend sth to sb为固定搭配，意为"把某物推荐给某人"。故填 to。
10.答案：as
解析：句意为：他被认为是当代最成功的总统。be regarded as...为固定搭配，意为"被认为是……"。故填as。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music can arouse feelings of empathy, sympathy, and a desire for positive connection with others。可知，德国最近的一项研究发现，听悲伤音乐对情绪的影响包括激起与他人建立积极联系的愿望，因此，听悲伤的音乐可以激发人们与他人建立联系。故选联关D项
12.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，听悲伤的音乐可以激活同理心和与他人联系的欲望，这两者可以帮助你走出心碎绝望的牢笼；根据最后一段第一句话可知，研究表明，面对悲伤的处境，在情感上接受现实会带来治愈和超越现实的成长。因此，"激活→联系→接受→成长"最能说明悲伤的心理愈合过程。故选A项。
13.答案： A
解析：词义猜测题。画线句后两句指出；这种不适感会让你制订一个计划，采取新的行动。它点燃了希望。因此，画线句子想表达"我们要与不适同行"。故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。第二段内容指出，研究表明，心痛是可以治愈的，听悲伤的音乐就是其中一种治愈方式。同时结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了听悲伤的音乐有助于人们治愈坏心情。故选C项。
四、七选五
答案：CEDGB
解析：①由"which then help them stay organized"可知，这些习惯帮助他们做到有条不紊。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，which指代前面的定语从句，在句中作主语，所以小题1"他们需要培养正确的习惯"中的"some habits "为定语从句的先行词，且切题。故选C项。
②由"A pen and a notebook are needed to record things"可知，记录事情需要一支笔和一本笔记本。所以小题2要与前一句一同来说明，记录事情的手段。故E选项"你还可以使用电脑或智能手机"切题。故选E项。
③由"They make and keep schedules for the day and week. They make deadlines and set goals"可知，他们为每一天、每一星期都做了时间表。他们给出了最后期限，设定了目标。所以小题3要强调什么是重要的。故D选项"最重要的是，他们要坚持这些计划"切题。故选D项。
④由"Don't put off doing what you should be doing "可知，不要拖延你应该做的事。所以小题4要说明拖延事情所带来的不好结果。故G选项"等待得越久，你要做的那件事就变得越难做到"切题。故选G项。
⑤由"People who live organized lives only keep what they need and what they really want .Have you ever felt like you don't have the space to keep all the things you own Instead of buying a larger house, get rid of some."可知，生活井然有序的人只保留他们所需要的和他们真正想要的。你有没有觉得你没有空间保留你所有的东西？不要买大点的房子，而要扔掉一些。所以本段主要在说明只保留你需要的东西也就是小题5本段的标题所要说明的内容。故B选项"只保留你需要的东西"切题。故选B项。（14）Unit 1 Laugh out loud!——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
重点知识预习：
非限制性定语从句
一、作用
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
二、关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句
1．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《中国日报》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
2．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
Li Hua, who is our monitor, was praised by our teacher yesterday.
李华是我们的班长，昨天被我们的老师表扬了。
3．whom指人，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。
Peter, whom you met in London, is going to Paris next week.
你在伦敦见过的那个彼得，下周将要去巴黎。
4．whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
先行词指人时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋of whom；
先行词指物时，whose＋n.相当于the＋n.＋of which。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。
5．as既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
As we all know, smoking is harmful to people's health.
众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。
as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：
项目 as which
指代 引导从句时只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句时既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导从句时不能位于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
She is always working hard, as everyone can see.
正如大家所看到的那样，她一直工作很努力。
As everyone can see, she is honest.
她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的那样，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
这本书是我昨天买的，很有教育意义。
预习自测
语法填空：
1.We should develop the students' ability ______ (analyse) and solve problems.
2.Many people are against the idea of experimenting on animals because they think it a form of ______ (cruel) to animals.
3.The real story behind Black Friday is a bit _____ (complicate).
4.The _____ (compose) was one of many famous visitors to the town.
5.He told me about his past life _____ a whisper.
6.At the sight of this _____ (cruel), the fellow could hardly contain his anger.
7.He just looked at me and then he _____ (gentle) said a sentence I will never forget.
8.Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our _____ (interact) with them.
9.In _____ (conclude), I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.
10.She showed the visitors around the amusement park, _____ which the construction had taken more than three years.
答案以及解析
1.答案：to analyse　
解析：考查不定式。句意：我们应该发展学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。本空作定语修饰抽象名词ability，故本空应用不定式形式。
2.答案：cruelty　
解析：考查名词。句意：许多人反对在动物身上做实验的主意，因为他们认为这是一种虐待动物的行为。此处作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式。
3.答案：complicated
解析：句意：黑色星期五背后的真相有点儿复杂。a bit 修饰形容词，故填complicated。
4.答案：composer
解析：句意：这位作曲家是这个镇上许多著名的游客之一。定冠词应限定名词。
5.答案：in
解析：句意：他悄悄告诉我他过去的生活。in a whisper是固定短语，意为"低声地，悄声地"。
6.答案：cruelty
解析：句意：见此残暴情形，那个人无法克制自己的愤怒。this修饰名词，cruelty意为"残酷，残暴的行为"。
7.答案：gently
解析：句意：他只是看着我，然后温柔地说了一句我永远不会忘记的话。said是动词，应用副词修饰。
8.答案：interaction(s)
解析：句意：也许保护这些动物最好的方法是减少我们与它们的互动。our是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词。
9.答案：conclusion
解析：句意：总之，我对提供的各种菜肴印象深刻。in conclusion总之。
10.答案：of
解析：句意：她带领游客参观了这个游乐场，建设这个游乐场花了三年多的时间。考查非限制性定语从句。名词construction和先行词the amusement park有所属关系，of which the construction相当于whose construction。（9）Unit 5 What an adventure!——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.George writes each c_____(章节) from the perspective of a specific character, providing a limited point of view for each section.
2.In order to preserve the quiet study environment, using mobile phones isn't p_____(允许) anywhere in these areas.
3.Like any other public s_____(仆人), police must respond to public demand.
4.The exercises are designed to s_____(伸展) and build up your leg muscles.
5.A brilliant traveler can't be brought up in the b_____(宽的) smooth highway; a seaman full of valour and vigor can't be trained in the calm and unruffled sea.
二、语法填空
6.The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _____(leave).
7.Unfortunately, we had to admit our money _____(run) out in weeks.
8.If you are capable of playing the piano well, you______ (have) the opportunity to join their band.
9.The poor weather may have accounted______ the small crowds in the park.
10.The "natural" greenhouse effect refers______ the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as short wave radiation.
三、阅读理解
Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That's because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn't just that there are fewer blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions—brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and inspire action—will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand "edge effects"—how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today's scientists continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it's difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the forest edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is needed now, more than ever.
11.What's the purpose of this text
A. To suggest keeping exploring to understand nature.
B. To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C. To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D. To call on the public to support the study
12.What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3
A. It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B.It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C. It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D. It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
13.What does the underlined phrase "pop up" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Appear unexpectedly. B. Close temporarily.
C. Develop slowly. D. Differ greatly.
14.What does the author realise after his research expedition
A. The significance of scientists' field trip.
B. The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C. The need to expand the edges of forests.
D. The influence of his study on the environment.
四、七选五
I work as a meteorologist (气象学家) in Tampa, Florida. It's my job to follow hurricanes (飓风) and provide information about them for scientists.
I was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995, and I saw a documentary called Stormchasers with my family. ① ______ Two months later I came across an ad for a meteorologist to work in Florida. I was interviewed over the phone, moved to the US, and started to work here in Tampa in May 1996.
② ______ I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes. It's exciting to end up in different cities and different countries day after day. If you are a meteorologist, you have to love flying. I also love working with top scientists. ③ ______ For me, it's like a classroom in the sky.
People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there's no such thing as an average day in my job! ④ ______ We often take off at a moment's notice to hunt storms.
Next, I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space. ⑤ ______ There aren't any hurricanes!
If you also want to be a meteorologist, study maths and science and get a degree in meteorology. I have taken the hurricane hunter path, but you could do research.
A. I have learnt so much from them.
B. What I like most about my job is the travel.
C. It's a wonderful job and the pay is pretty good.
D. It all depends on the weather, and you can't control that.
E. However, I haven't come up with an experiment to do in space yet.
F. Because of the job, I'm away from my family who all live in the UK.
G. It was about hurricane hunters and I thought, "Wow, that's an interesting job!"
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：chapter
解析：句意：乔治从一个特定人物的角度来写每一章，为每一部分提供一个有限的观点。
2.答案：permitted
解析：句意：为了保持安静的学习环境，在这些区域的任何地方都不允许使用手机。表示"允许"用permit，又因using mobile phones与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 permitted。
3.答案：servants
解析：句意：和其他所有公务员一样，警方必须服务于公众的需求。此处表示"公务员，仆人"，用servant的复数形式。
4.答案：stretch
解析：句意：这些活动旨在伸展和增强你的腿部肌肉。表示"伸展"用动词stretch。
5.答案：broad
解析：句意：平坦的大路培养不出出色的旅行家，风平浪静的海面锻炼不出勇猛的水手。
二、语法填空
6.答案： would leave/were leaving
解析：句意为：经理听说他信任的员工有两名即将离职(的消息)后感到忧心忡忡。分析句子结构可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，根据was concerned并结合语境可知，此处表示对过去某一时间而言将要发生的事，应用过去将来时；leave为表示位置移动或者状态变化的词，常使用其过去进行时来表示过去将要发生的动作，故也可用过去进行时。
7.答案：would run/was running
解析：句意为：不幸的是，我们必须承认我们的钱几周之内就要用完了。设空处为从句的谓语部分，根据句意和主句时态提示可知，此处应使用过去将来时；run out 表示状态变化，表示即将发生的事，常用其进行时态表示将来，故也可用过去进行时。
8.答案：will have
解析：句意为：如果你能把钢琴弹好，你就有机会加入他们的乐队。本句含有If引导的条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，从句时态为一般现在时，主句时态应用一般将来时。故填will have。
9.答案：for
解析：句意为：天气不好可能是公园里人来得少的原因。account for 为固定短语，意为"是……的原因；占(数量、比例等)"。故填for。
10.答案：to
解析：句意为："自然的"温室效应指的是太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地球表面变暖。refer to 是固定短语，意为"指的是"。故填to。
三、阅读理解
11.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容和第四段内容可知，探索的意义是更好地理解自然界，了解未知的东西这样才能帮助人类更好地理解和欣赏大自然，由此可推知，文章的写作目的是建议不断探索以了解自然。故选A项，
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中举的例子Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition. Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace。可推知，在技术的帮助下，野外探险更加容易进行，故选B项。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。画线词组上文讲到野外探险不再是需要自力更生的探险，因此推断画线词组所在句子表示，在一些重要的国家公园里出现了野外观测站，卫星遥感技术也变得十分普遍。pop up 表示"突然出现"，故选A项
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，作者以自己的经历为例，阐述了科学家进行实地考察探险的重要性，即通过探险来了解看似无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的研究系统。故选A项。
四、七选五
答案：GBADE
解析：①根据上文I was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995, and I saw a documentary called Stormchasers with my family。可知，G项(它是关于飓风追踪者的，我想："哇，这真是一个有趣的工作！")承接上文，该项中的It指代上文提到的纪录片，hurricane hunters 呼应纪录片的名字。故选G项
②根据下文I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes。可知，作者一直在世界各地追踪飓风。所以此空引出下文，B项(关于这份工作我最喜欢的是旅行)切题。故选B项
③根据上文I also love working with top scientists。以及下文中的like a classroom可知，A项(我从他们身上学到了很多)切题，A项中的 them 指代 top scientists。故选A项。
④根据上文People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there's no such thing as an average day in my job！和下文We often take off at a moment's notice to hunt storms。可知，该空承上启下，D 项(这完全取决于天气，对此你无法控制)切题。故选D项。
⑤上文Next, I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space。提到了太空，E项(然而，我还没有想到可以在太空做的实验)与上文形成转折，且 space为原词复现。故选E项（8）Unit 4 Amazing art——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.You can help your children to gain the concept that soil is not just d_____(尘土) but something necessary for life.
2.They all agreed that it was the best w_____(葡萄酒) they had ever tasted.
3.These m_____(壮丽的) ancient buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboring people.
4.Time c_____(刻) the old father's face but youth flows in his blood.
5.Mo Yan is one of China's leading c_____(当代的) writers, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.
二、语法填空
6.Road accidents have decreased in______ (frequent) in this region.
7.The salesman gave a______ (demonstrate) of the proper way to pack a suitcase so clothes didn't arrive in a mess.
8.He was regarded______ the most successful president of modern times.
9.The library offers a wide selection of books to those who are fond _____ reading.
10.Unfortunately, the waiter spilled coffee on my shirt _____ accident this morning.
三、阅读理解
New research has found that even if you give up smoking, the damage it has done to your genes will stay there for a much longer time.
In the research, a team of US scientists studied the blood of 16,000 people. Among them, some were smokers, some used to smoke, and the rest were non-smokers. Scientists compared their genes and found that more than 7 ,000 genes of smokers had changed—a number that is one-third of known human genes.
According to NBC News, both heart disease and cancer are caused by genetic changes. Some people may have had the changes when they were born, but most people get them in their day-to-day lives while doing things like smoking.
When you stop smoking, a lot of these genes will return to normal within five years. This means your body is trying to heal itself of the harmful effects of smoking. But the changes in some of the genes stay for longer. They can stay for as long as 30 years. It's almost like leaving a footprint on wet cement (水泥)—it will always be there, even when you've walked away and when the cement becomes dry.
Although the study results may make people unhappy, there is a bright side: the findings could help scientists invent medicine to treat genetic damage caused by smoking or find ways to tell which people have heart disease or cancer risks.
1.What's the function of Paragraph 1
A.To give an example. B.To arouse readers' interest.
C.To make an argument. D.To give the main idea of the passage.
2.What's the reason for most genetic changes
A.People's condition at birth. B.Environmental pollution.
C.People's bad living habits. D.Heart disease and cancer.
3.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.The cement. B.The footprint. C.The harmful effects. D.The genetic change.
4.What do we know about the findings
A.The findings are the fruit of more than three years' research.
B.The findings have prevented more people from starting smoking.
C.The findings offer evidence that a damaged gene can heal itself.
D.The findings help to find cures for genetic damage caused
四、七选五
If you feel depressed (消沉的), it's best to do something about it—depression doesn't just go away on its own. In addition to getting help from a doctor, here are four things you can do to feel better.
Exercise. Take a 15-to-30-minute walk every day—or dance and bike if you prefer. ①_____ But make yourself do it anyway. Once you get in the exercise habit, it won't take long to notice a difference in your mood.
Provide yourself with good nutrition. Depression can affect appetite (食欲). One person may not feel like eating at all, but another might overeat. ②_____ So eat plenty of fruits and vegetables and get regular meals (even if you don't feel hungry, try to eat something light, like a piece of fruit, to keep you going).
Find out troubles. ③_____ When you know what's got you feeling blue and why, talk about it with a caring friend. Talking is a way to receive some understanding. If there's no one to tell, pouring your heart out to a journal works just as well.
④_____ Depression affects a person's thoughts, making everything seem unhappy and hopeless. If depression has you noticing only the negative, make an effort to notice the good things in life. Try to notice one thing, and then try to think of one more. Consider your strengths or gifts.
Most of all, don't forget to be patient with yourself. ⑤_____
A. Look on the bright side.
B. Take action to solve problems.
C. Depression takes time to heal.
D. Proper nutrition can affect a person's mood and energy.
E. People who are depressed may not feel much like being active.
F. Try to make out any situations that have contributed to your depression.
G. With depression, a person's creativity and sense of fun may seem blocked.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：dirt
解析：句意为"你可以帮助你的孩子获得这样一个概念：土壤不仅仅是'泥土'，而且是生命必需的东西"。
2.答案：wine
解析：句意：他们都同意这是他们品尝过的最好的葡萄酒。
3.答案：magnificent
解析：句意：这些壮丽的古代建筑显示了劳动人民的高度智慧。
4.答案：carves
解析：句意：岁月刻在这位老父亲的脸上，但青春在他的血液中流淌。carve v.刻(图形或字母)。根据空后动词flows可知，本句应用一般现在时。
5.答案：contemporary
解析：句意：莫言是中国当代卓越的作家之一，2012年获得诺贝尔文学奖。contemporary adj.当代的。
二、语法填空
6.答案：frequency
解析：句意为：这个地区的交通事故发生率已经降低。设空处前为介词，应用名词形式frequency作宾语，表示"发生率"。故填 frequency。
7.答案：demonstration
解析：句意为：这位销售员演示了打包行李的正确方法，这样衣服到达时才不会一团糟。设空处作 gave 的宾语，其前有冠词修饰，应用名词。故填 demonstration。
8.答案：as
解析：句意为：他被认为是当代最成功的总统。be regarded as...为固定搭配，意为"被认为是……"。故填as。
9.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意：图书馆为那些喜欢阅读的人提供各种各样的书。be fond of...意为"喜欢……".
10.答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意：不幸的是，今天早上服务员不小心把咖啡洒在了我的衬衫上。by accident 意为"偶然；意外地"。
三、阅读理解
答案：DCBD
解析：11.意图推断题。通读全文可知，第一段是文章的主题段，点出主题：新的研究发现，即使戒烟，抽烟对基因造成的损害也会在身体里持续很长时间。下文通过实验说明这一问题和其具体的影响。故D选项正确。
12.细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，大多数人的基因变化是日常生活中的不良生活习惯导致的。故C选项正确。
13.代词指代题。由第四段最后一句可知,"it"是指"脚印"。此处表示，这几乎就像在湿水泥上留下一个脚印——即使你走了，水泥变干了，它也会一直在那里。故B选项正确。
14.细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这项发现可以帮助科学家发明药物来治疗吸烟造成的基因损伤，或者找到方法来判断哪些人患有心脏病或癌症。故D选项正确。
四、七选五
答案：EDFAC
解析：①根据下文"But make yourself do it anyway.(尽管如此，还是让你自己去做吧)"可知，此处与之形成转折关系。由此可知，E项"People who are depressed may not feel much like being active.(抑郁的人可能不太想活动)"符合文意。故选E。
②根据上文"Provide yourself with good nutrition.(给自己提供好的营养)"可知，此处与nutrition"营养"有关。由此可知，D项"Proper nutrition can affect a person's mood and energy.(适当的营养可以影响一个人的情绪和能量)"符合文意。故选D。
③根据上文"Find out troubles.(找出问题)"可知，此处指找出问题所在。由此可知，F项"Try to make out any situations that have contributed to your depression.(试着找出任何导致你抑郁的情况)"符合文意。故选F。
④根据下文"If depression has you noticing only the negative, make an effort to notice the good things in life.(如果抑郁让你只注意到消极的一面，那就努力去发现生活中好的一面)"可知，此处指要看到事物积极的一面。由此可知，A项"Look on the bright side."符合文意。故选A。
⑤根据上文"Most of all，don't forget to be patient with yourself.(最重要的是，不要忘记对自己有耐心)"可知，此处指消除压抑情绪需要一段时间。由此可知，C项"Depression takes time to heal.(抑郁需要时间来治愈)"符合文意。故选C。（13）Unit 1 Laugh out loud!——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
重点知识预习
重点单词
mood n. 心情 employer n. 雇用者，雇主 sensitive adj. 敏感的，易受伤的
circus n. 马戏团 deserve v. 应得，应受到 update v. 更新，使升级
amusement n. 娱乐，消遣 apologize v.道歉 patient n. 病人adj.耐心的
curly adj. 卷曲的 complain v.抱怨 patience n.耐心
badge n. 徽章 dramatic adj. 激动人心的，戏剧的 anxious adj. 焦虑的
ankle n. 脚踝 private adj. 私人的，个人的 replace v. 取代，替代
entertain v. 使快乐 approach v. 靠近，接近n.方法 contain v. 包含，包括
examine v. 检查(身体) previous adj. 先前的，以前的 conclude v. 结束
scene n. 场景 remark n. 言论， 意见，评论 concept n. 概念， 观念
fame n. 名声，名誉 interaction n. 交流 cruel adj.残忍的
emotive adj. 情绪激动的 brand n. 牌子， 品牌 whisper v. 悄声说，低语
二、重点短语
refer to 指的是，参考
make sense 有意义，讲得通
come true (梦想)实现
even so 即使这样
laugh one's head off 大笑不止
on earth 到底，究竟
get it 知道，明白，做到
get lost in... 迷失在……
look through 浏览
be designed for... 为……而设计的
cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果
more often than not 通常，多半
in turn 反过来，转而
take off 脱下，摘下
after all 毕竟，终究
think on one's feet 思维敏捷，反应迅速
tell off 斥责，责骂
concentrate on 集中注意力于……
in need of 需要
throw light on 使……容易理解
look through 浏览
fall off 从……上摔下来
in pain 痛苦地
in particular 尤其，特别
regard…as…将…视为
三、重点句型
1. 倍数表达法
In the middle of this particular scene I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.
(1) 倍数the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...＋of...
(2) 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
(3) 倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than...
(4) 倍数＋what从句
(5) 对于这几种倍数表达法，我们需要注意倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。表示两倍时，我们常用twice或double；三倍及三倍以上常用"基数词＋times"表示。
2. 强调谓语动词
And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.
(1) did/do/does的强调用法常用于一般过去时或一般现在时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。
(2) do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。
3. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.
(looking through old magazines在句中作伴随状语；all of which have been read hundreds of times previously是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词old magazines)
4. Although she is clearly still in some pain,her scared and anxious look has been replaced—first by a small smile,and then by loud laughter as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket.
(Although she is clearly still in some pain是although引导的让步状语从句；as I "magically" produce her sock from out of my pocket是as引导的时间状语从句；其余部分是主句)
预习自测
语法填空：
1.With an _____ (impress) 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.
2.Kate, _____ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
3.Please come back at four o'clock, _____ your herbal medicine will be ready.
4.Playing games and singing songs provide an opportunity for classroom _____ (interact).
5.Beethoven is one of the most outstanding _____ (compose) in the world.
6.Many young people, most of _____ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
7."I never thought I'd see this place," he said at last, _____ a whisper.
8._____ is reported, the city's air quality has improved greatly in the past few months.
9.She created a charity in memory of her grandmother , _____ passed away from Alzheimer's disease.
10.I'm not saying you should accept
答案以及解析
1.答案：impressive
解析：句意：拥有2000个座位的音乐厅，圣大卫音乐厅是一年一度的威尔士卡迪夫舞会的举办地。hall是名词，要用形容词修饰。
2.答案：whose
解析：引导词whose在从句中作定语，修饰sister。
3.答案：when
解析：设空处在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，应用引导词when。
4.答案：interaction
解析：句意为：玩游戏和唱歌提供了课堂互动的机会。设空处之前是名词classroom，此处为名词修饰名词，作介词for 的宾语，意为"交流；沟通"，故填interaction。
5.答案：composers
解析：句意为：贝多芬是世界上最杰出的作曲家之一。空前是"one of + the+形容词最高级"结构，故填名词复数。
6.答案：whom
解析：" most of+关系词"引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为young people，指人，关系词作阶词of的宾语，故用whom。
7.答案：in
解析：句意为："我从没想过我能见到这样的地方。"他最后低声说道。in a whisper 为固定短语，意为"低声说；耳语"。
8.答案：As
解析：句意为：据报道，在过去的几个月里，这个城市的空气质量有了很大的改善。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，关系词指代整个主句的内容，表示"正如"，因此，应用As引导该从句。
9.答案：who
解析：句意为：她创建了一个慈善机构来纪念因阿尔茨海默病去世的祖母。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her grandmother，指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导该从句。
10.答案：cruelty
解析：句意为：我并不是说你应该接受残酷和不公正，而是要学会在事物不那么完美的时候去爱它们。设空处与injustice 共同作 accept的宾语，应用名词。cruelty在此处意为"残酷；不公"，表抽象意义，用作不可数名词，故填 cruelty。（2）Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.So a gentleman can be d_____(欺骗) by lies that look reasonable, not by things unreasonable.
2.She can tell you how to w_____(编，织) reeds(芦苇) into a beautiful basket.
3.Some speakers argued that b_____(拳击) was less dangerous than rugby.
4.You can c_____(批评) him until you're blue in the face, but you'll never change his personality.
5.The party is losing touch with its c_____(核心的) values.
二、语法填空
6.It's important to learn how to _____ (breath) slowly before skipping.
7.Apart _____ being intelligent, he is also warm-hearted, which earns him everyone's respect in the team.
8.Despite _____ (know) it was impossible to finish the project in such a short time, he still wanted to have a try.
9.I work during my spare time, which gives me financial _____ (independent).
10. _____ (frank) speaking, I'm not surprised that Tim failed his driving test; he didn't take it seriously at all.
三、阅读理解
What makes preschoolers eat their vegetables Raise their hand Wait their turn "Because I say so" is a comment that parents often repeat. But when it comes to getting kids to behave, a recent study by Duke University researchers suggests that the voice of adult authority isn't the only thing that matters. Around age three, fitting in with the group starts to count big too.
To understand what causes preschoolers to fall in line, the researchers conducted a test in a lab, where they invited 3.5-year-olds to help set up a pretend tea party. Each of the 104 children was given a blue sticker (贴纸) to wear at the start of the study, and told that the people with that colour sticker were part of the same team. Next the researchers watched as the children decided among different kinds of teas, snacks, cups and plates for the tea party, first on their own and then after listening to the choices of other team members.
Sometimes the other team members considered their choice as a matter of personal preference. ("For my tea party today, I feel like using this snack.") Other times they presented it as a need shared by the whole group. ("For our tea parties today, we always use this kind of snack.")
After listening to the choices of others, most of the time the children stuck with their first choice. In other words, children who had said they felt like using, say, the cookie finally picked the cookie no matter what the other person said they were using. But 23% of the time the children changed their choice to accept someone else's. And when they did, they were more likely to go along with the other person when a choice was presented as a group need rather than just a personal preference. The finding held up even when the other person was another child, not an adult.
11.What's the recent study mainly about
A. Parent training. B. Social rules.
C.Child behaviour. D. Eating habits.
12.What do the underlined words "fall in line" refer to in Paragraph 2
A. Stand in a line. B. Follow the rules.
C. Listen to parents. D. Attend a party.
13.What made children accept others' choice
A. The common need. B. The advice of adults.
C. The delicious cookie. D. The individual preference.
14.Which of the following is probably the best title for the text
A. Adults Are Losing Their Authority
B.3-Year-Olds Want to Fit Into the Group
C. Children Are Not Born Knowing What to Do
D. Kids Are Acting Out of a Sense of Copying Adults
四、七选五
Do you want to be at the top of your class Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!
①__________ I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.
Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. ②__________ This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.
Don't skip school. You will be missing out on stuff . ③__________ However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.
④__________ If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.
Always ask questions. ⑤__________. If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.
A. There is no shame in needing some help.
B. Staying organized will be helpful.
C. Be prepared.
D. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.
E. Write in your own words.
F. Keep a good attitude towards things.
G. It is true that you could make up the work.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：deceived
解析：句意：所以说，正人君子可以被合乎情理的谎言欺骗，而违反道理的话是欺骗不了他的。
2.答案：weave
解析：句意：她能教你怎样用芦苇编织漂亮的篮子。
3.答案：boxing
解析：句意：一些发言者认为拳击的危险性比橄榄球运动小。表示"拳击"用名词boxing，在从句中作主语。
4.答案：criticise
解析：句意：即使你苦口婆心地批评他，也改变不了他的个性。表示"批评"应该用criticise。
5.答案：core
解析：句意：这个政党正在偏离其核心价值观。表示"核心的"用形容词core，在句中作定语，修饰values。
二、语法填空
6.答案：breathe
解析：考查动词。句意：在跳绳之前，学会如何缓慢呼吸是很重要的。分析句子可知，"how to"为"疑问词+不定式"结构，作learn的宾语，设空处应用动词原形，故填breathe。
7.答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：除了聪明之外，他还很热心，这让他赢得了团队里每个人的尊重。apart from意为"除了……外(还)"。
8.答案：knowing
解析：考查动名词。句意：尽管知道不可能在这么短的时间内完成这个项目，他还是想试一试。despite是介词，意为"即使，尽管"，其后应跟名词或动名词形式，设空处提示词是动词know，故填knowing。
9.答案：independence
解析：考查名词。句意：我在业余时间工作，这使我经济独立。设空处作动词gives的直接宾语，应用名词形式，故填independence。
10.答案：Frankly
解析：考查副词。句意：老实说，蒂姆没有通过驾照考试，我并不感到惊讶；他根本没把它当回事。frankly speaking意为"坦率地说"。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的But when it comes to getting kids to behave, a recent study... suggests that the voice of adult authority isn't the only thing that matters。可知，这项研究主要是关于孩子们的行为。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，很多父母认为孩子的行为是受父母提出的要求的影响，孩子听从父母的要求；但关于孩子行为的研究表明，成年人的话语权威不是唯一重要的因素，孩子融入集体也有很大影响。结合画线短语所在句可知，研究是为了了解孩子听话的原因，由此可猜测，fall inline表示"遵守规定"。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的But 23% of the time the children changed their choice to accept someone else's. And when they did, they were more likely to go along with the other person when a choice was presented as a group need rather than just a personal preference。可知，孩子会根据集体需要而改变自己的选择。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项对孩子行为的研究，研究表明，三岁左右的孩子会因为群体需求而改变自己的选择，融入群体对孩子的行为产生影响，所以B项(三岁的孩子想融入群体)符合文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。
四、七选五
答案：DEGFA
解析：①根据下文I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you可知上文应是： 注意老师所讲的。
②根据上文You don't need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 可知你没有必要记下老师所说的每一句话， 但要写下老师写在黑板上的， 或你认为考试需要的内容。再根据下文This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing可知， 这有效地帮你思考， 所以空格处应是： 用自己的语言写下来。
③根据上文Don't skip school. You will be missing out on stuff可知， 不要逃学， 你将会错过很多的东西， 由此判断下文应是： 你可以弥补你的工作。
④根据下文If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. 可知， 如果你有一种漠不关心的态度， 老师也不愿意帮你。由此可见要端正你的态度。
⑤根据上文Always ask questions可知要经常问问题， 根据下文If you don't understand, ask someone可知， 如果不理解可以问别人， 所以空格处应是： 需要帮助没有什么可羞愧的。（4）Unit 2 Making a difference——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.California has lost half of its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study published on Tuesday and climate change seems to be a m_____(主要的) factor.
2.Come and visit us at the v_____(不同的) locations across Singapore.
3.This has led companies and individuals to d_____(捐赠) money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
4.He drank more water at the f_____(喷泉) in the park and began the long walk to his home.
5.You very carefully take those metals, plastics and try to r _____(回收利用) each one of them separately.
二、语法填空
6.I'd like to show my sincere apology to all the people _____(affect) by my inappropriate behaviour.
7.It is your duty to take _____(effect) measures to ensure the safety of the children.
8.The scientist's discovery has made a groundbreaking _____(contribute) to the medical field.
9.Much ______his relief, he saw his lost dog running towards him, it wagging its tail with joy.
10.After the hurricane, many people donated supplies like food and water _____those affected.
三、阅读理解
Solving the mystery of the Loch Ness Monster would be considered as a good deed, right On that basis, a webcam (网络摄像机) has been set up overlooking the lake. Anyone can tune in at any time. If you see something suspicious, you simply click the "snapshot" (快拍) button to submit a picture for further analysis. It is free, easy, and you can do it for as little or as long as you like, with no login or sign-up required. What you are doing is micro-volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms.
Micro-volunteering could involve anything from retweeting (转发) a message to joining a flash mob (快闪族). Volunteers don't need to go through an application or training process, or to make any ongoing commitment. The vast majority of micro-volunteering takes place online, but it doesn't have to. Weeding a garden in a local community centre counts just as much.
The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility. People frequently cite their lack of time as the biggest barrier to volunteering. For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering. It enables people who might lose interest in traditional ways of volunteering to participate.
To some extent, micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference. It could take a while to see its impacts. Studies, however, have shown that 65 percent of those who have micro-volunteered are still actively doing so one year later. Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments, it serves as a complement (补充) to the more traditional methods of promoting good causes.
11.Why does the author mention the Loch Ness Monster in Paragraph 1
A. To illustrate a famous monster film.
B. To introduce a new way to volunteer.
C. To tell more information of the monster.
D. To offer readers a series of voluntary tasks.
12.What's the advantage of micro-volunteering
A. It's available only online.
B. Volunteers need to receive training.
C. It's flexible and time-wise.
D. It needs long-term commitments.
13.What can people expect of micro-volunteering in the future
A. It could take the place of traditional volunteering.
B. It might have a great influence on the world at once.
C. It can make people have more ongoing commitments.
D. It may provide more chances for people to make a difference.
14.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. Barriers to Promoting Good Causes
B.A Wonderful Complement to Volunteering
C. Reflections on Traditional Ways of Volunteering
D. An Answer to the Mystery of the Loch Ness Monster
四、七选五
How Kids Express Gratitude
Taking time to practice gratitude doesn't have to be difficult or time-consuming and the benefits your children will get are profound. Today we'll discuss ideas to help your children express their gratitude.
Make a gratitude tree. Start with a large piece of craft paper and draw a tree trunk. ①_____ Each day ask your kids to think of something they're thankful for, write it on a leaf and tape it to the tree trunk.
Go grocery shopping for a family in need. Many stores now offer premade bags to donate right at the checkout line. While this is convenient, the larger the role they play in the act of giving, the bigger the effect it will have on your kids. ②_____
Express your thankfulness to the ones you love. ③_____ Print the photos in a "5x7" size and ask the kids to write a short note on the back explaining why they're grateful to that person. Family members, especially those who don't live nearby, will cherish the present.
Volunteer together. Pick a regular time, maybe one Saturday a month, and volunteer together as a family. ④_____ One child may want to spend a day helping to clean up his favorite park while another might want to read books to nursing home residents.
⑤_____ A regular gratitude practice is a wonderful habit to instill (逐渐灌输) into your children. In fact, studies have shown that people who feel gratitude on a daily basis are happier in general.
A. Keep gratitude journals.
B. Start a gratitude practice.
C. Then ask the kids to paint or color it in brown.
D. It will make the experience much more powerful.
E. Let kids take pictures of themselves with their loved ones.
F. If you can find a charity where you deliver the groceries yourself, that's even better.
G. Let each family member take turns to pick an activity that means something to them.
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：major
解析：句意：周二发布的一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加利福尼亚州已经失去了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是一个主要因素。
2.答案：various
解析：句意：来新加坡各地访问我们吧。
3.答案：donate
解析：句意：这导致公司和个人捐钱给发展中国家，以购买电脑设备和互联网设施。
4.答案：fountain
解析：句意：他在公园的喷泉池里又喝了些水，然后开始了回家的漫长之路。
5.答案：recycle
解析：句意：你要非常小心地处理那些金属、塑料，并且争取将它们每一项分开回收利用。
二、语法填空
6.答案：affected
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意：我想向所有受我不当的行为影响的人表示诚挚的歉意。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词people，被修饰名词people和动词affect之间为被动关系，故本空应用过去分词形式。
7.答案：effective
解析：考查形容词。句意：你的职责是采取有效措施确保孩子们的安全。本空修饰名词measures，故应用形容词作定语。
8.答案：contribution
解析：考查名词。句意：这位科学家的发现对医学领域做出了开创性的贡献。Make a contribution to...意为"对……做出贡献"。
9.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：令他非常庆幸的是，他看到走失的狗向他跑来，高兴地摇着尾巴。(much) to one's relief意为"令某人(非常)欣慰/庆幸的是"，故本空应用介词to。
10.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意：飓风过后，许多人向受灾者捐赠了食物和水等物资。donate sth.to sb.意为"向某人捐赠某物"，故本空应用介词to。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容，尤其是第一段最后一句What you are doing is micro-volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms。可知，作者在第一段提到尼斯湖水怪是为了引出微志愿服务这种新型志愿服务方式。故选B项。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The key benefit of micro-volunteering is its flexibility。和 For many, micro-volunteering removes the need to worry about making long-term commitments once they start volunteering。可知，微志愿服务的优势是它具有灵活性和时间优势。故选C项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 To some extent, micro-volunteering is an approach that aims to help lots of people come together to make a difference。可知，未来微志愿服务可能为人们提供更多有所作为的机会。故选D项。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的What you are doing is micro-volunteering, which offers volunteers a series of easy tasks that can be done anytime, anywhere, on their own terms. 以及最后一段中的 Even though micro-volunteering cannot replace long-term commitments, it serves as a complement to the more traditional methods of promoting good causes。可知，本文主要介绍了微志愿服务这种新型的志愿服务方式，它是传统志愿服务的补充，具有灵活性和时间优势。B项(志愿服务的绝佳补充)最能概括本文主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。
四、七选五
答案：CFEGB
解析：①根据空前句Start with a large piece of craft paper and draw a tree trunk。可知， 此处讲的应是画完树干之后的事情， C项中的it指的就是上文中的a tree trunk。故C项(然后让孩子们把它刷成或涂成棕色。)符合语境。
②根据本段的主题句Go grocery shopping for a family in need. 及空前的 the larger the role they play...it will have on your kids 可知， F项(如果你可以找到一个由你亲自送食品杂货的慈善机构， 那样甚至会更好。)符合语境。
③根据本段的主题句Express your thankfulness to the ones you love。及空后的Print the photos in a "5x7" size可知， E项中的their loved ones 和 pictures分别对应 the ones you love和the photos, 故选E项。
④根据空后句One child may want to spend a day helping to clean up his favorite park while another might want to read books to nursing home residents。可知， 一个孩子可能想花一天时间帮忙打扫他最喜欢的公园， 而另一个孩子有可能想去为那些居住在养老院的人读书。故G项(让每一个家庭成员轮流选择一个对他们来说有某种意义的活动。)符合语境。
⑤根据空后句A regular gratitude practice is a wonderful habit to instill(逐渐灌输) into your children，可知， B项中的gratitude practice为词汇复现， 故选B项。（1）Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you——高一英语外研版（2019）暑假作业
一、词汇互译
1.An essay usually c_____(组成) of three parts, introduction, main body and conclusion.
2.A young male polar bear stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden f_____(栅栏) posts.
3.Arts agencies employ more than 10, 000 people as full-time or part-time employees or i_____(独立的) contractors.
4.M_____(此外), each of us needs to consume at least 5 liters of water per day, and everything we eat and drink contains water.
5.Forced to make a choice between family and career, she chose the l_____(后者).
二、语法填空
6.What was I missing in the real world when walking down the street, ______ (lose) in a virtual world of social media updates and videos
7.She ______ (tear) up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
8.While it is true that every tribe (部落) has its own customs, traditions, and culture, the place that they live in also plays a huge role _____ the shaping of culture.
9.Much to his ______ (embarrass) he realised that everybody had been listening to his singing.
10.We should spare no effort to protect the endangered animals ______ extinction.
三、阅读理解
Recently, a design student has developed an auto-mini robot—A'seedbot that can search through vast deserts, sowing seeds when it finds a suitable area to plant a tree.
The A'seedbot, created by Mazyar Etehadi from the Dubai Institute of Design and Innovation, could be a new and creative way to transform deserts into greenery. "Planting trees in the desert area can keep the sand and protect the environment," said Etehadi. It was launched at the Global Grad Show (CGS), an event that has designers come together to showcase innovations that could solve today's environmental issues.
In an area where high temperatures are limiting to life, the importance of growing plants is crucial. Measuring just eight inches long, the tiny robot is equipped with its own solar panels (太阳板), allowing it to charge during the day and continue working through the night. It can operate all on its own, using its 3D-printed legs to search for viable spots to plant a seed. In doing so, designers seek to understand how roots work and also to design sensors that might monitor soil pollution, prospect for minerals and look for water.
The robot has a distance sensor that it uses to send reports back to its controller. The only time humans need to step in is to refill the robot with more seeds. "I think it was an easy solution to come up with, but no one had made it, and here comes my idea! It means a lot to the people who have been fighting against the deserts for generations," said Etehadi. Going forward, he hopes his idea can be adopted by the government, the farming industry, and private individuals as a more efficient way to grow plants.
11.Why did Etehadi develop the A'seedbot
A. To lower the temperature.
B. To protect the trees.
C. To turn the desert into greenery.
D. To win the prize in the GGS.
12.What can we know about the A'seedbot
A. It can work around the clock.
B. It is powered by electricity.
C. It monitors minerals and water.
D. It can refill itself with seeds.
13.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "viable" in Paragraph 3
A. Distant. B. Empty. C. Dry. D. Suitable.
14.What is the passage mainly about
A. A project for creation.
B. A robot for sowing seeds.
C. A student gifted in design.
D. A proposal for environmental protection.
四、七选五
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ①_____.
More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ②_____. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
Practise empathy (共情)
③_____. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
④_____
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
Don't rely on technology alone
⑤_____, but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
答案以及解析
一、词汇互译
1.答案：consists
解析：句意：文章通常由引言、正文和结语三部分组成。consist of是固定短语，意为"由……组成"。
2.答案：fence
解析：句意：一只年轻的雄性北极熊用后腿站立起来，推着木栅栏的柱子。
3.答案：independent
解析：句意：艺术机构雇用了10000多人作为全职或兼职雇员或独立承包商。表示"独立的"用形容词 independent，作 contractors 的定语。
4.答案：Moreover
解析：句意：此外，我们每人每天至少消耗5升的水，我们所吃所饮的一切东西也都包含着水。
5.答案：latter
解析：句意：她不得不在家庭和事业之间做出选择，最终她选择了后者。
二、语法填空
6.答案：lost
解析：句意为：当我走在大街上，沉浸在社交媒体更新和视频的虚拟世界里时，我在现实世界里失去了什么？分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语为 was missing，设空处在句中作状语；be lost in ...为固定搭配，意为"沉浸在……，全神贯注于……"，故填lost。
7.答案：tore
解析：句意为：她气愤地撕碎了那封信，把它扔进了垃圾箱。and连接两个连续的动作，时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填tore
8.答案：in
解析：句意为：尽管的确每个部落都有自己的习俗、传统和文化，但他们居住的地方在文化的形成中也起着巨大的作用。play a role in ...为固定搭配，意为"在……中起作用"。故填in。
9.答案：embarrassment
解析：句意为：令他非常尴尬的是，他意识到每个人都一直在听他唱歌。设空处作to的宾语且空前的his为形容词性物主代词，设空处应用名词；to one's embarrassment为固定短语，意为"令某人尴尬的是"。故填embarrassment
10.答案：from
解析：句意为：我们应该不遗余力地保护濒危动物，防止它们灭绝。protect ... from ...为固定搭配，意为"保护……免于……"。故填 from。
三、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的 The A'seedbot... could be a new and creative way to transform deserts into greenery。可知，埃特哈迪开发A'seedbot 是为了让沙漠拥有绿色植物，使其变成绿洲。故选C项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Measuring just eight inches long, the tiny robot is equipped with its own solar panels, allowing it to charge during the day and continue working through the night。可知，A'seedbot可以24小时工作。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，种子机器人可以在广阔的沙漠中搜索适合种树的地方并自动播种，由此推知，此处是说种子机器人可以自行运转，在沙漠中找到合适的地方播种。viable 在此处与 suitable 意思相近。故选D项
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。第一段提出主题，点明本文主要介绍的对象—A'seedbot；下文具体介绍A'seedbot的运作原理、设计理念及前景等，由此可知，本文主要介绍A'seedbot可以在沙漠中找到适合种树的地方播种，以此保护环境。B项(一个播种机器人)符合文意。故选B项
四、七选五
答案：DEGAF
解析：①设空前讲在繁忙的日程中挤时间打电话是一种挑战，再结合段落标题"设定固定日期"可知，D项(尽力找到一个适合双方的时间并坚持)承接上文，且其中的find a time和stick to it与段落小标题相呼应，符合语境。
②设空前讲你要和朋友沟通好交流的频率和方法，设空处下文列举了具体的交流方式。E项(朋友之间需要沟通各自更喜欢的交流方式)承上启下，其中的methods of communication与上文相呼应，符合语境。
③根据本段小标题"培养共情能力"和空后内容可推知，本段主要讲留下来的朋友和去了新环境的朋友分别后如何共情。G项(你可能是那个离开的朋友或者是留下来的朋友)分别对应下文中的两类人，引出下文，符合语境。
④根据语境可知，本段主要讲周年纪念日和生日等特殊日期很重要，要特别花心思过好这些重要的日子，故A项(记住重要的日子)适合作为本段小标题。
⑤根据本段小标题"不要只依赖技术"和空后"但是远距离的友谊，甚至近距离的，可能需要更多有意识的努力去维持"可推知，F项(通过社交媒体你很容易产生联结感)可与空后内容构成转折且呼应小标题，符合语境。

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