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主题21　对社会有突出贡献的人物
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第一册Unit 1　People of achievement;Unit 5 Working the land; 选择性必修第二册Unit 1　Science and scientists
译林版 必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
北师大版 必修第二册Unit 6 The admirable
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、成就与贡献
1.abundant adj.　　　 大量的;充足的;丰富的
2.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到
achieve vt. 达到;实现
achievable adj. 可完成的;做得成的
3.affect vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动;假装
affection n. 喜爱;爱情
4.award n. 奖;奖品;奖金
vt. 授予;判给
5.breakthrough n. 突破;重大进展
6.celebrity n. 名人,明星
7.chemist n. 化学家;药剂师;药房
chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
8.civilize vt. (使)开化;使文明
civilization n. 开化;教化;文明
civilized adj. 文明的;开化的;有礼貌的
9.conclusion n. 结论;推论;结局
conclude vt.& vi. 得出结论,推断出;(使)结束,终止
10.database n. 数据库;资料库
11.declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
declaration n. 宣称;公布,宣布
12.discover vt. 发现;找到;发觉
discoverer n. 发现者
discovery n. 发现
13.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
14.expert n. 专家;内行(specialist)
adj. 专家的;内行的
15.extend vt. 扩大;使延期;提供;给予;使竭尽全力
extension n. 延长;延期;扩大;伸展
16.found vt. 创办;创建;建立
founder n. 创建者;创始人
foundation n. 创建;基础
17.highlight n. 最好或最精彩的部分
vt. 突出;强调;使醒目
18.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得,赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行;沿袭
19.physicist n. 物理学家
physical adj. 身体的;物质的;物理(学)的;根据自然规律的
physically adv. 肉体上;身体上;依据自然规律;根本上
20.pioneer n. 开拓者;先驱者
vt. 开创;开辟;倡导
21.proof n. 证明,证据;检验,证实
prove v. 证实,证明;证明是,结果是
22.publish vt. 发表(作品);出版
publisher n. 出版者,出版商;发行人(或机构)
23.scientific adj. 科学(上)的
science n. 科学;学科;理科
scientist n. 科学家
24.tackle vt. 应付;处理;解决
25.theory n. 理论;原理;学说
theoretical adj. 理论的
theoretically adv. 理论地;理论上
二、影响与评价
1.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
2.apply v. 申请;应用;涂;敷
application n. 应用(程序);申请(表)
applicant n. 申请人
3.assume vt. 假定;设想
assuming conj. 假设;假定
assumption n. 假定;假设
4.devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
devote vt. 把……献(给);把……用于;专心于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
5.evaluate vt. 评估,评价
evaluation n. 评价;评估;估价;求值
6.extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
7.figure n. 人物;数字;体形;图形;画像
vt. 计算;认为
8.intend vi.& vt. 打算;计划;想要
intended adj. 计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
intention n. 用意;目的;意图
9.outspoken adj. 直言的;坦诚的
10.priority n. 优先处理的事;优先权
prior adj. 优先的;在先的,在前的
11.remarkable adj. 不寻常的;显著的;非凡的
12.respectful adj. 尊敬的;表示敬意的
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的
respect n.& vt. 尊敬;尊重
13.vital adj. 极其重要的;必不可少的
三、主题词块
1.sum up 总结;概括
2.speed up (使)加速
3.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺,保证(某事/做某事)
4.insist on 坚决要求
5.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
6.be considered as 被认为是……
7.have a good reputation 享有盛名
8.in the process of 在……的进展中
9.receive high praise 受到高度赞扬
10.through trial and error 反复试验
11.with a bang 很成功;引人注目;有强烈影响
12.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
13.as to 关于,至于
14.by accident 偶然,意外地
15.with the objective of 带着……的目的
16.manage to do sth 设法做某事
17.have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好
18.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;(使)朝外;结果是
四、主题佳句
1.倍数表达法
Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.
我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
2.who引导限制性定语从句
Such is Qian Xuesen,a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man who was patriotic and served his homeland with efforts,achievements,and devotions.
钱学森就是这样一个人,他博学多识、无私奉献,是一个充满爱国情怀的人,他以自己的努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务。
3.过去分词短语作定语
He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
他出生于1930年,于2021年去世,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4.强调句型
It is he that makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties.
是他让我意识到,只有通过奉献和坚持不懈,我们才能克服困难。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements (achieve) all my life.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.From the English side,we have scientific (science) reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.(2023·全国乙卷)
3.You can download the application (apply) and subscribe today to get your first issue free.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
4.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their evaluation (evaluate) of the service.
5.Leslie Nielsen’s devotion (devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.(2021·浙江6月卷)
6.We’ve got a foundation (found) built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.(2022·全国甲卷)
7.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a discovery (discover).(2021·全国甲卷)
8.Eventually,the intelligent man took exercise on a regular basis with the intention (intend) of staying healthy.
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出affect的汉语意思
A.vt.影响　　　　B.vt.感染,侵袭
C.vt.感动 D.vt.假装
①He affected an English accent when he met people he didn’t know.D
②AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)A
③The disease affects a small area in the middle of the brain called the substantia nigra (脑黑质).B
④People from all over the world were deeply affected by her art,which was beyond her expectations.C
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①The outgoing volunteer is expert in driving cars.adj.熟练的;内行的
②Jim didn’t really have to extend himself in the exam.vt.使竭尽全力
③Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) vt.涂;敷
④Many years have passed,and this custom still obtains in some areas of England.vi.(规章、风俗等)存在,流行
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Confucius is considered as one of the greatest educators in Chinese history.
孔子被认为是中国历史上最伟大的教育家之一。
2.Dr.Yuan Longping has a good reputation for his great contributions to hybrid rice research.
袁隆平博士因其在杂交水稻研究方面的巨大贡献而享有盛名。
3.In the process of building a harmonious society,community volunteers play an increasingly important role.
在构建和谐社会的进程中,社区志愿者发挥着越来越重要的作用。
4.Lei Feng received high praise for his selfless dedication to helping others.
雷锋因其无私奉献、乐于助人而受到高度赞扬。
5.After five years of hard work,he invented a machine which was three times faster than the previous one.(倍数表达法)
经过五年的努力,他发明了一台比之前快三倍的机器。
6.It was the outstanding scientist Huang Danian who/that made many technological advances.(强调句型)
正是这位杰出的科学家黄大年取得了许多技术进步。
【默写主题单词】
一、成就与贡献
1.abundant adj.　　 大量的;充足的;丰富的
2.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到
achieve vt. 达到;实现
achievable adj. 可完成的;做得成的
3.affect vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动;假装
affection n. 喜爱;爱情
4.award n. 奖;奖品;奖金
vt. 授予;判给
5.breakthrough n. 突破;重大进展
6.celebrity n. 名人,明星
7.chemist n. 化学家;药剂师;药房
chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的
n. 化学制品;化学品
8.civilize vt. (使)开化;使文明
civilization n. 开化;教化;文明
civilized adj. 文明的;开化的;有礼貌的
9.conclusion n. 结论;推论;结局
conclude vt.& vi. 得出结论,推断出;(使)结束,终止
10.database n. 数据库;资料库
11.declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
declaration n. 宣称;公布,宣布
12.discover vt. 发现;找到;发觉
discoverer n. 发现者
discovery n. 发现
13.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
14.expert n. 专家;内行(specialist)
adj. 专家的;内行的
15.extend vt. 扩大;使延期;提供;给予;使竭尽全力
extension n. 延长;延期;扩大;伸展
16.found vt. 创办;创建;建立
founder n. 创建者;创始人
foundation n. 创建;基础
17.highlight n. 最好或最精彩的部分
vt. 突出;强调;使醒目
18.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得,赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行;沿袭
19.physicist n. 物理学家
physical adj. 身体的;物质的;物理(学)的;根据自然规律的
physically adv. 肉体上;身体上;依据自然规律;根本上
20.pioneer n. 开拓者;先驱者
vt. 开创;开辟;倡导
21.proof n. 证明,证据;检验,证实
prove v. 证实,证明;证明是,结果是
22.publish vt. 发表(作品);出版
publisher n. 出版者,出版商;发行人(或机构)
23.scientific adj. 科学(上)的
science n. 科学;学科;理科
scientist n. 科学家
24.tackle vt. 应付;处理;解决
25.theory n. 理论;原理;学说
theoretical adj. 理论的
theoretically adv. 理论地;理论上
二、影响与评价
1.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
2.apply v. 申请;应用;涂;敷
application n. 应用(程序);申请(表)
applicant n. 申请人
3.assume vt. 假定;设想
assuming conj. 假设;假定
assumption n. 假定;假设
4.devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
devote vt. 把……献(给);把……用于;专心于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
5.evaluate vt. 评估,评价
evaluation n. 评价;评估;估价;求值
6.extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
7.figure n. 人物;数字;体形;图形;画像
vt. 计算;认为
8.intend vi.& vt. 打算;计划;想要
intended adj. 计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
intention n. 用意;目的;意图
9.outspoken adj. 直言的;坦诚的
10.priority n. 优先处理的事;优先权
prior adj. 优先的;在先的,在前的
11.remarkable adj. 不寻常的;显著的;非凡的
12.respectful adj. 尊敬的;表示敬意的
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的
respect n.& vt. 尊敬;尊重
13.vital adj. 极其重要的;必不可少的
【默写主题词块】
1.sum up 总结;概括
2.speed up (使)加速
3.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺,保证(某事/做某事)
4.insist on 坚决要求
5.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
6.be considered as 被认为是……
7.have a good reputation 享有盛名
8.in the process of 在……的进展中
9.receive high praise 受到高度赞扬
10.through trial and error 反复试验
11.with a bang 很成功;引人注目;有强烈影响
12.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
13.as to 关于,至于
14.by accident 偶然,意外地
15.with the objective of 带着……的目的
16.manage to do sth 设法做某事
17.have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好
18.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;(使)朝外;结果是
【默写主题佳句】
1.Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.(倍数表达法)
我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
2.Such is Qian Xuesen,a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man who was patriotic and served his homeland with efforts,achievements,and devotions.(who引导限制性定语从句)
钱学森就是这样一个人,他博学多识、无私奉献,是一个充满爱国情怀的人,他以自己的努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务。
3.He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.(过去分词短语作定语)
他出生于1930年,于2021年去世,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4.It is he that makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties.(强调句型)
是他让我意识到,只有通过奉献和坚持不懈,我们才能克服困难。
1.affect vt.影响;感动;深深打动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染;假装 (affection n.喜爱;爱情 effect n.影响;
结果;效果 effective adj.有效的)
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Though affected with a kind of severe disease,he continued with his work.
②Affected by those selfless doctors,I have developed deep affection for the career.(affect)
③The audience were deeply affected by the film,and they couldn’t hold back tears.
→Deeply affected by the film,the audience couldn’t hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)have/feel affection for 喜爱,钟爱
2.award n.奖;奖品;奖金;助学金 vt.授予;判给
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①He was given an award for outstanding behavior for his role in capturing the thieves.
②The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2015 was awarded to Tu Youyou for her great contributions to treating malaria.
③When taking up the award,I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes.(情绪描写)
接受这个奖的时候,我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。
后牢记　用法归纳
win/receive/get an award for sth 因……而得奖
award sth to sb =award sb sth 授予/判给某人某物
3.conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾 [conclude v.断定,推断出;得出结论;(使)结束,终止]
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
②Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用我们自己的双手劳动很重要。(全国Ⅱ卷)
→I concluded from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclude)
→I came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that it is important to work with our own hands.(conclusion)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in conclusion 最后;总之
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
(2)conclude(...)with sth/by doing sth 以……结束(……)
conclude 从……中推断出……
4.declare vt.表明;宣布;公布 (declaration n.公告;宣布;表白)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization,but the majority declared against her proposal.
②In 1939,this country declared war on/against its neighboring country,which led to the outbreak of another world war.
1939年,这个国家向邻国宣战,这导致了另一场世界大战的爆发。
③When the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest,I was surprised and pleased.(情绪描写)
当老师宣布我是英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我感到既惊讶又高兴。
后牢记　用法归纳
declare sb/sth to be/as 宣布……为……
declare for/against 宣称支持/反对……
declare war on/against... 对……宣战
declare...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
5.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供;给予;伸展,展开;使竭尽全力 (extensive adj.广泛的;广阔的;
大量的 extension n.延伸;扩大;延期)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class,extending (extend) over a period of twenty weeks.
②Firstly,I have an extensive (extend) knowledge of our school’s history and culture.
③I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers,who have done so much for us over the years.(感谢信)
我要由衷感谢所有这些年来为我们做了很多的老师。
后牢记　用法归纳
extend to 延长到
extend by 延长了
extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to 由衷感谢……
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在) (admit);认可;告知收到;(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函;致谢)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Lu Xun,acknowledged as one of the greatest modern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province.
②It is widely acknowledged that people cannot succeed or achieve their targets without a strong will and persistence.
人们普遍认为,没有坚强的意志和毅力,人们就无法成功或实现目标。
③Tom acknowledged being defeated in the competition,which made us quite depressed.
汤姆承认在比赛中被打败了,这使我们很沮丧。
后牢记　用法归纳
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 认为或承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做过某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
7.figure n.人物;数字;身材 vt.认为;认定
先运用　语境辨义/补全句子
① All of us students figure that the fruit-picking activity is a great success.(全国Ⅱ卷)vt.认为
②Behind it,the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)弄清楚
③Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy.(建议信)
只有通过均衡饮食,定期锻炼,你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
④Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.(短文投稿;2023·全国甲卷)
在被广泛承认的中国历史人物中,范仲淹在我看来是最有影响力的。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)figure out 理解;计算出;弄清楚
(2)keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物
8.intend vt.& vi.打算;计划,想要;意指 [intended adj.计划的;为……打算(或设计)的 intention n.目的;意图;打算]
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①He didn’t recognise me immediately when I said hello to him.So I explained my intention (intend).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message intended (intend) for everyone.(2023·全国甲卷)
③My parents had intended (intend)to buy a new truck but couldn’t afford it.(2021·浙江6月卷)
④The programme was set up and it was intended to help the homeless.
→The programme,intended to help the homeless,was set up.(分词短语作定语)
→The programme was set up with the intention of helping the homeless.(intention)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth=intended to have done sth 本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
(2)be intended for... 专为……而设计;专供……使用的
be intended to do sth 为做……打算(或设计)的
(3)with the intention of... 打算……
9.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;(使)朝外;结果是
先运用　用turn短语填空/补全句子
①You had better turn up punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
②Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
③Many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnson’s weekly article under the title,“Life of Johnson”.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
④It turned out that helping others realize their dreams gave me more pleasure.(主旨升华)
事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。
后牢记　用法归纳
turn down 拒绝;关小;调低
turn in 上交
turn over 翻身;移交;转变
turn to 求助于;转向;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;开始从事
turn up 出现;调高
turn off 使厌烦;使失去兴趣;关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)
10.倍数表达法
Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The engineer has devoted three times as much time and energy as he did before,so he believes he is sure to succeed.
②The data shows that the railway is three times the length of that one.
③The number of workers now in this factory is four times what it was ten years ago.
④My school has expanded into a big one,which is three times as big as/twice bigger than/three times the size of the previous one.
我的学校已经发展成一所大学校,是以前的三倍大。
后牢记　用法归纳
常见的倍数表达法有以下四种:
(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B
(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B
(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/...)+of+B
(4)A+be+倍数+what从句,表示“A是……的多少倍”
[应用文增分练]——介绍最钦佩的中国科学家
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　你校英文论坛正在征稿,主题为“The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most”,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1.该科学家的主要成就; 2.你的评价。
The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most
Yuan Longping was the Chinese scientist I admire most.He 1.made abundant and far-reaching achievements (取得了大量意义深远的成就).After overcoming numerous difficulties,he successfully developed hybrid rice.This is 2.a huge breakthrough in agriculture (农业领域的一个巨大突破),greatly increasing rice yields.
He was 3.a pioneer who dedicated his life to agricultural research (一位毕生致力于农业研究的先驱).His work not only affected China but also had a profound influence on the world.His selfless devotion and remarkable scientific expertise 4.deserve our highest acknowledgement and respect (值得我们最高的认可和尊重).He was indeed a respectable figure in the scientific community.
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:“我”回忆Ms.Green帮助自己成长为一名作家的故事:“我”是家里最小的孩子,几个姐姐都特别优秀→“我”一直活在她们的阴影中→想去追赶,却非常困难→不同于其他老师,Ms.Green在批改自己的作文的时候一直在鼓励“我”,而且给出深思熟虑的反馈……
场景续写1:写作课上Ms.Green邀请“我”在全班同学面前朗读“我”的新故事→“我”非常紧张,害怕被嘲笑→Ms.Green鼓励“我”→开始读的时候结结巴巴→渐渐地,每个人沉浸在“我”的故事中→最后很成功→Ms.Green很自豪
One day, Ms.Green invited me to read my new story in front of my class.My heart skipped a beat and disbelief washed over me, fearing of being laughed at.Stroking my hair gently, Ms.Green assured me that my story would win everyone’s heart.I took out my manuscript and stammered out my story.But gradually everyone got immersed in the fantasy world of my story.No sooner had I finished my story than my class burst into thunderous applause.Eyes sparkling with pride, Ms.Green grinned from ear to ear, saying excitedly to me, “You are bound to be a great author and believe in yourself.”
场景续写2:30年后“我”成为畅销书作家,决定去拜访Ms.Green→见到Ms.Green,“我”很感激,并呈给她“我”最新出版的书→她告诉“我”自信心和努力的重要性,要走自己的路,不必追随别人的脚步→“我”的感悟
30 years later, when I did become a best-selling author, I decided to visit Ms.Green.The moment I saw Ms.Green, tears of gratitude welled up in my eyes and later I presented my newly-published book to her.She hugged me tightly in her arms, whispering in my ear, “Your own faith and efforts really count.You don’t have to walk in others’ shoes or follow their steps.” Deep in my mind, I knew I could walk in my own shoes and become the best version of myself, the unique version of myself.
　　(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Saying of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
语篇类型:应用文
主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化——历史上四位女医生
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。]
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书,故选A项。]
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,故选D项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.practitioner n. 专业人员;(尤指医学或法律界的)从业人员
2.highlight v. 突出;强调
n. 最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分
3.suspicion n. 怀疑
4.physician n. 医生
5.surgery n. 外科手术;外科学;诊室
6.unlawfully adv. 非法地
7.court n. 法院;法庭;(网球等的)球场
8.qualify v. 取得资格(或学历);合格
9.ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人(做)某事
10.from all walks of life 来自社会各界
11.be dressed as 打扮成
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
practice [熟义] n.实施,实践
[生义] v.从事(医务工作、法律专业等),执业
She prefers practicing medicine to making medicine.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.
分析:本句是一个复合句。that women practicing medicine faced是定语从句,修饰the suspicion;practicing medicine是现在分词短语作women的定语。
句意:杰奎琳·菲利斯·阿尔曼尼亚(约1322年)强调了行医女性所面临的怀疑。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·河北邢台高三一模)
Yu Zeling,an award-winning master of paper cutting,fills her studio with cutouts of animals,people,and scenes that are so vivid that they seem to leap from the walls.Her art covers village life in Ansai,a rural district in Shaanxi Province.
Ms.Yu came to paper cutting in the late 1970s as naturally as she breathed the earthy air.“We were very poor,and when it was time to celebrate the New Year,we all put paper-cuts on the windows to decorate our houses,” she says,recalling the holiday at her childhood home.Ms.Yu and others are working to keep the folk art alive,even as it evolves away from its roots as adornment for farmhouses.
The art originated in China in the centuries after paper was invented in A.D.105.Full of auspicious (吉利的) symbols from daily life,the decorations represented good weather,many offspring,long life,wealth,and happiness.
Using newspaper,Ms.Yu first practiced cutting the image of a Chinese national flag that she saw in a school textbook.She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied.Then her aunt took over,introducing her to increasingly complicated traditional themes.
Ms.Yu was later invited to train in the Ansai’s Cultural Center.After years of training,Ms.Yu became a master in her own right,winning one award after another.Her works are on display in museums.But she’s humble about her achievements.“I was,and still am,a farmer,” she says with a smile.
Hoping to carry on and grow the folk art,Ms.Yu volunteers to teach at free community training sessions.Paper cutting is also taught in Ansai’s public schools.Ms.Yu is aware of the need to go beyond protecting traditions and embrace new paper-cut experiments.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——剪纸大师——余泽玲
1.What does the underlined word “adornment” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Celebration. B.Symbol.
C.Invention. D.Decoration.
答案　D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“We were very poor...decorate our houses”及“Ms.Yu and others...away from its roots”可知,剪纸这种民间艺术最初是从农家装饰品演变而来的,故画线部分与decoration意思相近,表示“装饰品”,故选D项。]
2.What can be learned about paper cutting from the text
A.It has cultural value.
B.It features animals.
C.It attracts the young.
D.It remains in fashion.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Full of auspicious...wealth,and happiness.”及最后一段“Paper cutting is also...new paper-cut experiments.”可知,剪纸具有文化价值,故选A项。]
3.Which word best describes Ms.Yu
A.Talkative. B.Curious.
C.Devoted. D.Competitive.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段“She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied.”可知,余泽玲对于剪纸艺术非常投入和专注,故选C项。]
4.What is the text likely to be
A.A brief history of paper cutting.
B.A new approach to paper cutting.
C.An introduction to a paper cutting master.
D.The direction of a traditional paper cutting.
答案　C　[文章大意题。通读全文,结合第一段可知,本文是对剪纸大师——余泽玲的介绍,故选C项。]
(2025·东北三省四市高三质量监测二)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——爱因斯坦
5.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
答案　A　[观点态度题。根据第二段“For the first time...Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception...and by pure thought alone.”可知,这两个专家通过将爱因斯坦的工作置于科学知识演进的漫长历程中,发现人们对爱因斯坦的一种普遍误解:爱因斯坦凭自己纯粹的思考创造了现代物理学。所以可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。]
6.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing.
B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others.
D.With previous knowledge.
答案　A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,即相对论不是“从零开始”的,故选A项。]
7.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪的物理学家们发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。]
8.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
答案　B　[文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,全文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·聊城高三上期末)
New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.　1　 They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.
Academician Huang made three commitments to himself—to contribute his energy to scientific research;to apply his achievements in the fields;and to provide more opportunities for young people.“　2　 By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities,we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates,” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research.“　3　 This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research,” he said.
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year,five of them are female scientists.Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives,and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.　4　
　5　 For example,she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions,taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.
A.They are more resilient (有适应力的),which contributes to the development of science.
B.In recent years,Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.
C.As academicians,we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.
D.She has both male and female students,who are irreplaceable to each other.
E.The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday.
F.I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.
G.To achieve success in the field of science,the most important thing is to persist with original intention.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——中国科学院新当选院士
1.E　[上文描述新晋院士参加颁证仪式的场景,结合常识可知,E项(59位新当选的院士在周五的典礼上宣誓就职。)承接上文,符合语境。]
2.C　[下文提到要给年轻人机会的具体做法,C项(作为院士,我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会)符合语境。句中“As academicians,we...”是黄院士的自称。]
3.G　[上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research”和下文“This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research.”强调“坚持”“决心”和“毅力”,G项(要在科学领域取得成功,最重要的是坚持初心)表达同样的主旨,符合语境。句中“persist with original intention”与上下文内容相照应。]
4.A　[上文提出女性科学家的重要性,A项(她们适应力更强,这有助于科学的发展。)承接上文,符合语境。句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“women”。]
5.B　[下文提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持,B项(近年来,金院士注意到中国对女性科学家的支持越来越多)引出下文,符合语境。下文是对B项的举例说明。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·福州高三第一次质检)
The amount and scale (规模) of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary people.But with hard work and determination,anyone can 　1　 great things.
One such person is Yin Yuzhen.At a young age,Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert.She felt 　2　.To cheer herself up and improve the 　3　 environment,Yin began planting trees to take 　4　 back from the desert.“I would rather die of 　5　 from fighting the sand than be buried by it!” she said.The couple had to travel on foot,doing 　6　 by hand.At first,many trees did not survive,　7　 over the years,she learnt from her 　8　,discovering the best plants and methods to use to successfully plant a 　9　 in the desert.Over more than three decades,they have planted over 300,000 trees.It has been said of Yin:“She is a symbol of courage,patience,and 　10　.Her work in greening the desert deserves universal 　11　.”
It is without any doubt 　12　 to see a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with.　13　 may seem small and insignificant,yet over time they 　14　 together to become great achievements.A journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step and the will to 　15　.Take your first step.Plant your first tree.
语篇类型:夹叙夹议文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——沙漠种树英雄:殷玉珍
1.A.turn B.store
C.achieve D.promise
答案　C　[根据下文讲述的事迹并结合常识可知,此处在讲述这样一个道理:只要努力、有决心,任何人都可以实现(achieve)伟大的事业。故选C项。]
2.A.lonely B.sorry
C.free D.well
答案　A　[根据空前的“At a young age,Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert.”和常识可知,一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古,和丈夫在沙漠生活,可能会感到孤独(lonely)。本题也可以根据空后的“To cheer herself up”去作推断。]
3.A.friendly B.changing
C.protected D.tough
答案　D　[根据最后一段中的“a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with”可知,殷玉珍初到沙漠时,那里的环境很艰苦(tough)。changing “变化中的,改变中的”;protected “受保护的”。]
4.A.air B.land
C.food D.energy
答案　B　[此处考查常识。根据常识可知,在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠手里夺回土地(land)。]
5.A.sickness B.emptiness
C.tiredness D.sadness
答案　C　[根据空后的“The couple had to travel on foot,doing 　　　　by hand.”以及常识可知,在沙漠里种树很辛苦,但殷玉珍宁可在治沙中累死(die of tiredness)也不愿被沙土掩埋。sickness “疾病;呕吐”;emptiness “空虚;空地”;tiredness “疲劳”;sadness “悲伤”。]
6.A.everything B.something
C.nothing D.anything
答案　A　[根据上文和常识可知,沙漠的环境非常艰苦,交通基本靠走,一切事情(everything)都要靠手去做。]
7.A.or B.and
C.so D.but
答案　D　[此处考查逻辑关系。空前讲到了起初种树不成功,空后讲到了多年后她发现了最好的植物和方法来成功地种树,前后句之间形成了转折,故用but。]
8.A.failure B.feelings
C.determination D.dreams
答案　A　[根据空前的“many trees did not survive”可知,她最初种树失败了,而空后则讲到成功。由此可以推断,她从失败(failure)中吸取了经验。failure “失败,失败的人(或事物)”;determination “决心;果断,坚定”。]
9.A.garden B.forest
C.seed D.crop
答案　B　[根据空后的“they have planted over 300,000 trees”可知,她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里种出了一片森林(forest)。seed “种子,籽”;crop “庄稼,(谷物、水果等一季的)收成,产量”。]
10.A.fortune B.honesty
C.harmony D.perseverance
答案　D　[此处是对上文中“Over more than three decades,they have planted over 300,000 trees.”的评价,由此可见,殷玉珍也是坚持(perseverance)的典范。fortune “命运,机会”;honesty “诚实,正直”;harmony “融洽,和睦”;perseverance “毅力,韧性,不屈不挠的精神”。]
11.A.organization B.truth
C.respect D.method
答案　C　[根据常识可知,30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家尊重(respect)的。]
12.A.interesting B.challenging
C.relaxing D.inspiring
答案　D　[根据上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出,这样的努力是很激励人心的(inspiring)。challenging “有挑战性的”;relaxing “令人放松的,轻松的”;inspiring “鼓舞人心的,激励的;启发灵感的”。]
13.A.Actions B.Choices
C.Promises D.Events
答案　A　[根据下文中的“Take your first step.Plant your first tree.”可知,此处讲到了“不积跬步,无以至千里”的道理。换句话说,行动(Actions)本身可能看起来微不足道、无关紧要,但随着时间的推移,它们汇合(join)在一起,就能成就伟业。choice “选择,挑选,抉择”;promise “诺言,许诺”;event “事件,大事”。]
14.A.stand B.join
C.get D.put
答案　B　[参见上题解析。]
15.A.struggle B.survive
C.continue D.believe
答案　C　[根据常识可知,千里之行始于足下,还有继续(continue)下去的决心。struggle “奋斗,努力;挣扎脱身”;survive “幸存;比……活(或存在)的时间长;幸免于难”。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·南京六校高三联合调研)
Zhen Shisheng is a man with hearing loss and speech difficulties.1.　　　　　　 his physical difficulties,Zhen has lived a meaningful life,thanks to his interest in and talent for and enthusiasm for the traditional Shanxi art of fahua ware.
Fahua ware,which is mostly made in the south and east of Shanxi,is the porcelain version of cloisonné (景泰蓝),2.　　　　　　 the design elements are separated by copper wires.Porcelain featuring these techniques 3.　　　　　　 (fire) at lower temperatures with the different colored glazes and enamels applied to individual areas created by the slip lines.
When 4.　　　　　　 (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years,Zhen said in sign language,“When you lose some abilities,you would cherish all the others 5.　　　　　　 (leave) to you.Only when you apply all your senses and abilities to your subject of work can you 6.　　　　　　 (possible) succeed.”
Zhen learned the craft from his father,who is 7.　　　　　　 master fahua ware craftsman in a porcelain factory.Zhen’s creativity and innovation are demonstrated in the 8.　　　　　　 (free) of using lines and glaze colors,as well as the selection of patterns and images for decoration.
The hardest part of learning to make fahua ware is that the fahua techniques 9.　　　　　　 (lose) for about 300 years,and today’s revival of the art has been made through artists’ painstaking research into ancient documents and 10.　　　　　　 (exist) museum exhibits,as well as their own imagination.And he believes this cultural heritage can be passed down to future generations.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——珐华器传承人甄世盛
1.Despite　[考查介词。结合句意“尽管甄世盛的身体有缺陷,但他在山西传统的珐华器艺术方面的兴趣、才华和热情,让他过着有意义的生活”可知,空处应表示“尽管”之意,由于空后紧跟名词,所以空处填Despite,注意首字母大写。]
2.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Fahua ware,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以空处填where。句意:珐华器多产于山西南部和东部,是景泰蓝的瓷器版本,器皿上的设计元素由铜线分隔。]
3.is fired　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句讲述珐华器的烧制方式,陈述客观事实,时态用一般现在时;fire在此处为动词,意为“烧制(陶器、砖等)”,与主语Porcelain之间是被动关系,且主语表示第三人称单数,所以空处填is fired。]
4.recalling　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语Zhen之间是主谓关系,所以空处填recalling。]
5.left　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,意为“留下,剩下”,与逻辑主语the others之间是动宾关系,所以空处填left。]
6.possibly　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词succeed,应用副词possibly。]
7.a　[考查冠词。master在此为形容词,意为“技艺高超的”,修饰可数名词craftsman,因此空处考虑用冠词。结合句意“甄世盛从父亲那里学会了这门手艺,他的父亲是一家瓷器厂的一流珐华器工艺师”可知,此处表泛指,且空后的master的发音以辅音音素开头,所以空处填a。]
8.freedom　[考查词性转换。空前有定冠词the修饰,空后是介词of,故空处应用名词,填freedom。句意:他的创意和革新表现在他对线条和釉色的自由运用,以及他在装饰图案和图像的选择上。]
9.have been lost　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作that引导的表语从句的谓语。根据时间状语“for about 300 years”可知,时态用现在完成时。主语the fahua techniques与lose之间是被动关系,且主语是复数形式,所以空处填have been lost。]
10.existing/existent　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的名词museum exhibits,应用形容词,所以空处填existing/existent。existing “现行的,现存的”;existent “现行的,实有的”。句意:学习制作珐华器最困难的地方在于,珐华器技术已经失传大约300年了,如今这门艺术的复兴是通过艺术家们对古代文献和现存的博物馆展品的艰苦研究,以及他们自己的想象来实现的。]
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2025·辽宁高三模拟预测)
假定你是高中生李华,近期观看了关于当代中国杰出人物的纪录片。请用英语写一篇观后感,向校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.让你印象深刻的人物;
2.观看纪录片后,你的感受和收获。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.题目已为你写好,不计入总词数。
What I Learnt From the Outstanding
Contemporary Figures
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
What I Learnt From the Outstanding
Contemporary Figures
After watching the documentary about outstanding contemporary figures in China,I was most impressed by Yang Liwei,a Chinese space hero.
In 2003,Yang Liwei overcame great challenges and successfully completed China’s first manned spaceflight,demonstrating his indomitable spirit and devotion to China’s aerospace development.Undoubtedly,his courage and pursuit of goals are admirable,and his contribution to the country is significant.
The documentary helped me understand that with high ideals and perseverance,even ordinary people can create our own brilliance.At the same time,I also realized that achieving the Chinese dream requires joint efforts of all people.(共149张PPT)
主题21　对社会有突出贡献的人物
主题语境二　人与社会
主题群五　历史、社会与文化
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 选择性必修第一册Unit 1　People of achievement;Unit 5 Working the land;
选择性必修第二册Unit 1　Science and scientists
译林版 必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
北师大版 必修第二册Unit 6 The admirable
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇 主题词句 自查过关
一、成就与贡献
1.abundant adj.　 大量的;充足的;丰富的
2.achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到
achieve vt. 达到;实现
achievable adj. 可完成的;做得成的
3.affect vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动;假装
affection n. 喜爱;爱情
【主题语料·分类群记】
4.award n. 奖;奖品;奖金vt.授予;判给
5.breakthrough n. 突破;重大进展
6.celebrity n. 名人,明星
7.chemist n. 化学家;药剂师;药房
chemistry n. 化学
chemical adj. 化学的n.化学制品;化学品
8.civilize vt. (使)开化;使文明
civilization n. 开化;教化;文明
civilized adj. 文明的;开化的;有礼貌的
9.conclusion n. 结论;推论;结局
conclude vt.& vi. 得出结论,推断出;(使)结束,终止
10.database n. 数据库;资料库
11.declare vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
declaration n. 宣称;公布,宣布
12.discover vt. 发现;找到;发觉
discoverer n. 发现者
discovery n. 发现
13.effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
14.expert n. 专家;内行(specialist)adj. 专家的;内行的
15.extend vt. 扩大;使延期;提供;给予;使竭尽全力
extension n. 延长;延期;扩大;伸展
16.found vt. 创办;创建;建立
founder n. 创建者;创始人
foundation n. 创建;基础
17.highlight n. 最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出;强调;使醒目
18.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得,赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行;沿袭
19.physicist n. 物理学家
physical adj. 身体的;物质的;物理(学)的;根据自然规律的
physically adv. 肉体上;身体上;依据自然规律;根本上
20.pioneer n. 开拓者;先驱者vt.开创;开辟;倡导
21.proof n. 证明,证据;检验,证实
prove v. 证实,证明;证明是,结果是
22.publish vt. 发表(作品);出版
publisher n. 出版者,出版商;发行人(或机构)
23.scientific adj. 科学(上)的
science n. 科学;学科;理科
scientist n. 科学家
24.tackle vt. 应付;处理;解决
25.theory n. 理论;原理;学说
theoretical adj. 理论的
theoretically adv. 理论地;理论上
二、影响与评价
1.acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认;感谢
2.apply v. 申请;应用;涂;敷
application n. 应用(程序);申请(表)
applicant n. 申请人
3.assume vt. 假定;设想
assuming conj. 假设;假定
assumption n. 假定;假设
4.devotion n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
devote vt. 把……献(给);把……用于;专心于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
5.evaluate vt. 评估,评价
evaluation n. 评价;评估;估价;求值
6.extraordinary adj. 令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
7.figure n. 人物;数字;体形;图形;画像
vt. 计算;认为
8.intend vi.& vt. 打算;计划;想要
intended adj. 计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
intention n. 用意;目的;意图
9.outspoken adj. 直言的;坦诚的
10.priority n. 优先处理的事;优先权
prior adj. 优先的;在先的,在前的
11.remarkable adj. 不寻常的;显著的;非凡的
12.respectful adj. 尊敬的;表示敬意的
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的
respect n.& vt. 尊敬;尊重
13.vital adj. 极其重要的;必不可少的
三、主题词块
1.sum up 总结;概括
2.speed up (使)加速
3.commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺,保证(某事/做某事)
4.insist on 坚决要求
5.come to power (开始)掌权;上台
6.be considered as 被认为是……
7.have a good reputation 享有盛名
8.in the process of 在……的进展中
9.receive high praise 受到高度赞扬
10.through trial and error 反复试验
11.with a bang 很成功;引人注目;有强烈影响
12.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
13.as to 关于,至于
14.by accident 偶然,意外地
15.with the objective of 带着……的目的
16.manage to do sth 设法做某事
17.have a passion for 对……有强烈的爱好
18.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;(使)朝外;结果是
四、主题佳句
1.倍数表达法
Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.
我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
2.who引导限制性定语从句
Such is Qian Xuesen,a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man who was patriotic and served his homeland with efforts,achievements,and devotions.
钱学森就是这样一个人,他博学多识、无私奉献,是一个充满爱国情怀的人,他以自己的努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务。
3.过去分词短语作定语
He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021,known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”.
他出生于1930年,于2021年去世,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4.强调句型
It is he that makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties.
是他让我意识到,只有通过奉献和坚持不懈,我们才能克服困难。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.I’ve been motivated—and demotivated—by other folks’ ____________(achieve) all my life.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.From the English side,we have ________(science) reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.(2023·全国乙卷)
3.You can download the ________________(apply) and subscribe today to get your first issue free.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
achievements
scientific
application
4.The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their ____________________(evaluate) of the service.
5.Leslie Nielsen’s ____________(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.(2021·浙江6月卷)
6.We’ve got a ____________(found) built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.(2022·全国甲卷)
evaluation
devotion
foundation
7.Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days,I felt at a loss and out of place.Until I made a ____________(discover).(2021·全国甲卷)
8.Eventually,the intelligent man took exercise on a regular basis with the __________(intend) of staying healthy.
discovery
intention
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出affect的汉语意思
A.vt.影响　　　　B.vt.感染,侵袭 C.vt.感动 D.vt.假装
①He affected an English accent when he met people he didn’t know._____
②AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)_____
③The disease affects a small area in the middle of the brain called the substantia nigra (脑黑质)._____
④People from all over the world were deeply affected by her art,which was beyond her expectations._____
D
A
B
C
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①The outgoing volunteer is expert in driving cars._______________
②Jim didn’t really have to extend himself in the exam.___________
③Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) ___________
④Many years have passed,and this custom still obtains in some areas of England.________________________
adj.熟练的;内行的
vt.使竭尽全力
vt.涂;敷
vi.(规章、风俗等)存在,流行
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.Confucius ________________________________________________ in Chinese history.
孔子被认为是中国历史上最伟大的教育家之一。
2.Dr.Yuan Longping __________________________________________ to hybrid rice research.
袁隆平博士因其在杂交水稻研究方面的巨大贡献而享有盛名。
is considered as one of the greatest educators
has a good reputation for his great contributions
3.__________________________________________________________,community volunteers play an increasingly important role.
在构建和谐社会的进程中,社区志愿者发挥着越来越重要的作用。
4.Lei Feng _________________________________________ to helping others.
雷锋因其无私奉献、乐于助人而受到高度赞扬。
In the process of building a harmonious society
received high praise for his selfless dedication
5.After five years of hard work,he invented a machine _______________________________________________ the previous one.(倍数表达法)
经过五年的努力,他发明了一台比之前快三倍的机器。
6.__________________________________________________________ made many technological advances.(强调句型)
正是这位杰出的科学家黄大年取得了许多技术进步。
which was three times faster than
It was the outstanding scientist Huang Danian who/that
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、成就与贡献
1.____________ adj. 大量的;充足的;丰富的
2.____________ n. 成就;成绩;达到
____________ vt. 达到;实现
____________ adj. 可完成的;做得成的
3.____________ vt. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动;假装
____________ n. 喜爱;爱情
abundant
achievement
achieve
achievable
affect
affection
4.____________ n. 奖;奖品;奖金 vt. 授予;判给
5.____________ n. 突破;重大进展
6.____________ n. 名人,明星
7.____________ n. 化学家;药剂师;药房
____________ n. 化学
____________ adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品;化学品
8.____________ vt. (使)开化;使文明
____________ n. 开化;教化;文明
____________ adj. 文明的;开化的;有礼貌的
award
breakthrough
celebrity
chemist
chemistry
chemical
civilize
civilization
civilized
9.____________ n. 结论;推论;结局
____________ vt.& vi.得出结论,推断出; (使)结束,终止
10.____________ n. 数据库;资料库
11.____________ vt. 表明,宣称;公布,宣布;申报
____________ n. 宣称;公布,宣布
12.____________ vt. 发现;找到;发觉
____________ n. 发现者
____________ n. 发现
conclusion
conclude
database
declare
declaration
discover
discoverer
discovery
13.____________ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
14.____________ n. 专家;内行(specialist) adj. 专家的;内行的
15.____________ vt. 扩大;使延期;提供;给予;使竭尽全力
____________ n. 延长;延期;扩大;伸展
16.____________ vt. 创办;创建;建立
____________ n. 创建者;创始人
____________ n. 创建;基础
effort
expert
extend
extension
found
founder
foundation
17.____________ n. 最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目
18.____________ vt. (尤指经努力)获得,赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在;流行;沿袭
19.____________ n. 物理学家
____________ adj. 身体的;物质的;物理(学)的;根据自然规律的
____________ adv. 肉体上;身体上;依据自然规律;根本上
20.____________ n. 开拓者;先驱者 vt. 开创;开辟;倡导
highlight
obtain
physicist
physical
physically
pioneer
21.____________ n. 证明,证据;检验,证实
____________ v. 证实,证明;证明是,结果是
22.____________ vt. 发表(作品);出版
____________ n. 出版者,出版商; 发行人(或机构)
23.____________ adj. 科学(上)的
____________ n. 科学;学科;理科
____________ n. 科学家
proof
prove
publish
publisher
scientific
science
scientist
24.____________ vt. 应付;处理;解决
25.____________ n. 理论;原理;学说
____________ adj. 理论的
____________ adv. 理论地;理论上
tackle
theory
theoretical
theoretically
二、影响与评价
1.________________ vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
________________ n. 承认;感谢
2.________________ v. 申请;应用;涂;敷
________________ n. 应用(程序);申请(表)
________________ n. 申请人
3.________________ vt. 假定;设想
________________ conj. 假设;假定
________________ n. 假定;假设
acknowledge
acknowledgement
apply
application
applicant
assume
assuming
assumption
4.____________ n. 奉献;忠诚;挚爱
____________ vt. 把……献(给);把……用于;专心于
____________ adj. 挚爱的;全心全意的;忠诚的
5.____________ vt. 评估,评价
____________ n. 评价;评估;估价;求值
6.____________ adj. 令人惊奇的,异乎寻常的
7.____________ n. 人物;数字;体形;图形;画像 vt.计算;认为
devotion
devote
devoted
evaluate
evaluation
extraordinary
figure
8.____________ vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
____________ adj. 计划的;为……打算(或设计)的
____________ n. 用意;目的;意图
9.____________ adj. 直言的;坦诚的
10.____________ n. 优先处理的事;优先权
____________ adj. 优先的;在先的,在前的
11.____________ adj. 不寻常的;显著的;非凡的
intend
intended
intention
outspoken
priority
prior
remarkable
12.____________ adj. 尊敬的;表示敬意的
____________ adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的
____________ n.& vt. 尊敬;尊重
13.____________ adj. 极其重要的;必不可少的
respectful
respectable
respect
vital
【默写主题词块】
1.__________________________________ 总结;概括
2.__________________________________ (使)加速
3.__________________________________ 承诺,保证(某事/做某事)
4.__________________________________ 坚决要求
5.__________________________________ (开始)掌权;上台
6.__________________________________ 被认为是……
7.__________________________________ 享有盛名
sum up
speed up
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)
insist on
come to power
be considered as
have a good reputation
8._____________________ 在……的进展中
9._____________________ 受到高度赞扬
10.____________________ 反复试验
11.____________________ 很成功;引人注目;有强烈影响
12.____________________ 被判处……(徒刑)
13.____________________ 关于,至于
14.____________________ 偶然,意外地
in the process of
receive high praise
through trial and error
with a bang
be sentenced to
as to
by accident
15._________________ 带着……的目的
16._________________ 设法做某事
17._________________ 对……有强烈的爱好
18._________________ 关掉;熄灭;在场; (使)朝外;结果是
with the objective of
manage to do sth
have a passion for
turn out
1.Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which __________________________________________________________.(倍数表达法)
我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
is three times larger than the playground
【默写主题佳句】
2.Such is Qian Xuesen,a knowledgeable and self-sacrificing man ____________________________________________________________________________________. (who引导限制性定语从句)
钱学森就是这样一个人,他博学多识、无私奉献,是一个充满爱国情怀的人,他以自己的努力、成就和奉献为祖国服务。
who was patriotic and served his homeland with efforts, achievements,and devotions
3.He was born in 1930 and passed away in 2021, __________________________________________________________.(过去分词短语作定语)
他出生于1930年,于2021年去世,被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
4.____________________ makes me realize that only with devotion and perseverance can we overcome difficulties.(强调句型)
是他让我意识到,只有通过奉献和坚持不懈,我们才能克服困难。
known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”
It is he that
主题词句 重点突破
1.affect vt.影响;感动;深深打动;(疾病)侵袭;使感染;假装 (affection n.喜爱;爱情 effect n.影响;结果;效果 effective adj.有效的)
with
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①Though affected ____________a kind of severe disease,he continued with his work.
②____________ by those selfless doctors,I have developed deep ____________for the career.(affect)
Affected
affection
③The audience were deeply affected by the film,and they couldn’t hold back tears.
→________________________________, the audience couldn’t hold back tears.(分词短语作状语)
Deeply affected by the film
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)be affected by 受……的影响;被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)have/feel affection for 喜爱,钟爱
2.award n.奖;奖品;奖金;助学金 vt.授予;判给
for
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①He was given an award ____________outstanding behavior for his role in capturing the thieves.
②The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine of 2015 was awarded ____________Tu Youyou for her great contributions to treating malaria.
to
③________________________________, I was so excited that tears welled up in my eyes.(情绪描写)
接受这个奖的时候,我是如此激动以至于热泪盈眶。
When taking up the award
后牢记　用法归纳
win/receive/get an award for sth 因……而得奖
award sth to sb =award sb sth 授予/判给某人某物
3.conclusion n.结论;推论;结束;结尾 [conclude v.断定,推断出;得出结论;(使)结束,终止]
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①He concluded his speech ____________a famous saying “Where there is a will,there is a way.”
②Part one concludes ____________introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
with
by
③我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用我们自己的双手劳动很重要。(全国Ⅱ卷)
→I _______________________________________________________ it is important to work with our own hands.(conclude)
→I _______________________________________________________ it is important to work with our own hands.(conclusion)
concluded from my own experiences that
came to/reached/drew a conclusion from my own experiences that
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)in conclusion 最后;总之
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
(2)conclude(...)with sth/by doing sth 以……结束(……)
conclude 从……中推断出……
4.declare vt.表明;宣布;公布 (declaration n.公告;宣布;表白)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization,but the majority declared ____________her proposal.
②In 1939,this country ______________________________________
________________________, which led to the outbreak of another world war.
1939年,这个国家向邻国宣战,这导致了另一场世界大战的爆发。
against
declared war on/against its neighboring
country
③When the teacher ________________________________________
________________________, I was surprised and pleased.(情绪描写)
当老师宣布我是英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我感到既惊讶又高兴。
declared me to be the winner of the English
Speech Contest
后牢记　用法归纳
declare sb/sth to be/as 宣布……为……
declare for/against 宣称支持/反对……
declare war on/against... 对……宣战
declare...open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
5.extend vt.扩展;使伸长;延长;提供;给予;伸展,展开;使竭尽全力 (extensive adj.广泛的;广阔的;大量的 extension n.延伸;扩大;延期)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class,____________ (extend) over a period of twenty weeks.
②Firstly,I have an ____________(extend) knowledge of our school’s history and culture.
extending
extensive
③I would like to ___________________________________________,
who have done so much for us over the years.(感谢信)
我要由衷感谢所有这些年来为我们做了很多的老师。
extend my heartfelt gratitude to all my teachers
后牢记　用法归纳
extend to 延长到
extend by 延长了
extend one’s heartfelt gratitude to 由衷感谢……
6.acknowledge v.承认(某事属实或某情况存在) (admit);认可;告知收到;(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;收件复函;致谢)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①Lu Xun,acknowledged ____________one of the greatest modern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province.
②_______________________________people cannot succeed or achieve their targets without a strong will and persistence.
人们普遍认为,没有坚强的意志和毅力,人们就无法成功或实现目标。
as
It is widely acknowledged that
③Tom ___________________________________________________,
which made us quite depressed.
汤姆承认在比赛中被打败了,这使我们很沮丧。
acknowledged being defeated in the competition
后牢记　用法归纳
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as... 认为或承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做过某事
It is universally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
7.figure n.人物;数字;身材 vt.认为;认定
先运用　语境辨义/补全句子
① All of us students figure that the fruit-picking activity is a great success.(全国Ⅱ卷)___________
②Behind it,the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach...the animals (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)___________
vt.认为
弄清楚
③Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise _________________________________________________.(建议信)
只有通过均衡饮食,定期锻炼,你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
④_______________________________________ that are widely acknowledged,Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion.(短文投稿;2023·全国甲卷)
在被广泛承认的中国历史人物中,范仲淹在我看来是最有影响力的。
can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy
Among the Chinese historical figures
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)figure out 理解;计算出;弄清楚
(2)keep one’s figure 保持体形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物
8.intend vt.& vi.打算;计划,想要;意指 [intended adj.计划的;为……打算(或设计)的 intention n.目的;意图;打算]
先运用　单句语法填空/句式升级
①He didn’t recognise me immediately when I said hello to him.So I explained my ____________(intend).(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message ____________(intend) for everyone.(2023·全国甲卷)
③My parents ________________(intend)to buy a new truck but couldn’t afford it.(2021·浙江6月卷)
intention
intended
had intended
④The programme was set up and it was intended to help the homeless.
→The programme,________________________________________, was set up.(分词短语作定语)
→The programme was set up ________________________________
___________________________.(intention)
intended to help the homeless
with the intention of helping the
homeless
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)intend doing/to do sth 打算做某事
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth=intended to have done sth
本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
(2)be intended for... 专为……而设计;专供……使用的
be intended to do sth 为做……打算(或设计)的
(3)with the intention of... 打算……
9.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;(使)朝外;结果是
先运用　用turn短语填空/补全句子
①You had better ________________punctually or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
②Though some are initially scared of the insects and ________________by the dirt,most are eager to try something new.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
turn up
turned off
③Many readers of Sports Times ________________the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnson’s weekly article under the title,“Life of Johnson”.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
④________________________________________________________ gave me more pleasure.(主旨升华)
事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。
turn to
It turned out that helping others realize their dreams
后牢记　用法归纳
turn down 拒绝;关小;调低
turn in 上交
turn over 翻身;移交;转变
turn to求助于;转向;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;开始从事
turn up 出现;调高
turn off使厌烦;使失去兴趣;关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)
10.倍数表达法
Our great designer,Mr Green,designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The engineer has devoted three times as much time and energy ____________he did before,so he believes he is sure to succeed.
②The data shows that the railway is three times ____________length of that one.
as
the
③The number of workers now in this factory is four times ____________it was ten years ago.
④My school has expanded into a big one,which is __________________________________________________________ the previous one.
我的学校已经发展成一所大学校,是以前的三倍大。
what
three times as big as/twice bigger than/three times the size of
后牢记　用法归纳
常见的倍数表达法有以下四种:
(1)A+be+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B
(2)A+be+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B
(3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length/...)+of+B
(4)A+be+倍数+what从句,表示“A是……的多少倍”
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——介绍最钦佩的中国科学家
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　你校英文论坛正在征稿,主题为“The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most”,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.该科学家的主要成就;
2.你的评价。
The Chinese Scientist I Admire Most
Yuan Longping was the Chinese scientist I admire most.He 1.__________________________________________________________(取得了大量意义深远的成就).After overcoming numerous difficulties,he successfully developed hybrid rice.This is 2.__________________________________________________________(农业领域的一个巨大突破),greatly increasing rice yields.
made abundant and far-reaching achievements
a huge breakthrough in agriculture
He was 3._______________________________________________ (一位毕生致力于农业研究的先驱).His work not only affected China but also had a profound influence on the world.His selfless devotion and remarkable scientific expertise 4.___________________________
___________________________(值得我们最高的认可和尊重).He was indeed a respectable figure in the scientific community.
a pioneer who dedicated his life to agricultural research
deserve our highest
acknowledgement and respect
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:“我”回忆Ms.Green帮助自己成长为一名作家的故事:“我”是家里最小的孩子,几个姐姐都特别优秀→“我”一直活在她们的阴影中→想去追赶,却非常困难→不同于其他老师,Ms.Green在批改自己的作文的时候一直在鼓励“我”,而且给出深思熟虑的反馈……
场景续写1:写作课上Ms.Green邀请“我”在全班同学面前朗读“我”的新故事→“我”非常紧张,害怕被嘲笑→Ms.Green鼓励“我”→开始读的时候结结巴巴→渐渐地,每个人沉浸在“我”的故事中→最后很成功→Ms.Green很自豪
One day, Ms.Green invited me to read my new story in front of my class.____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My heart skipped a beat and disbelief washed over me, fearing of being laughed at.Stroking my hair gently, Ms.Green assured me that my story would win everyone’s heart.I took out my manuscript and stammered out my story.But gradually everyone got immersed in the fantasy world of my story.No sooner had I finished my story than my class burst into thunderous applause.Eyes sparkling with pride, Ms.Green grinned from ear to ear, saying excitedly to me, “You are bound to be a great author and believe in yourself.”
场景续写2:30年后“我”成为畅销书作家,决定去拜访Ms.Green→见到Ms.Green,“我”很感激,并呈给她“我”最新出版的书→她告诉“我”自信心和努力的重要性,要走自己的路,不必追随别人的脚步→“我”的感悟
30 years later, when I did become a best-selling author, I decided to visit Ms.Green.____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The moment I saw Ms.Green, tears of gratitude welled up in my eyes and later I presented my newly-published book to her.She hugged me tightly in her arms, whispering in my ear, “Your own faith and efforts really count.You don’t have to walk in others’ shoes or follow their steps.” Deep in my mind, I knew I could walk in my own shoes and become the best version of myself, the unique version of myself.
主题阅读 综合运用
(2023·全国乙卷)
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor,she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors.However,Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511,Tan wrote a book,Saying of a Female Doctor,describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c.1789-1865)was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but,dressed as a man,she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813,then joined the British Army,serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later,she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865,where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
语篇类型:应用文
主题语境:人与社会——历史、社会与文化——历史上四位女医生
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs. B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery. D.Being banned from medicine.
解析　细节理解题。根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的“she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery”和James Barry中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知,这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术,故选C项。
√
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book. B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist. D.She had formal education.
解析　细节理解题。根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知,谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医,并通过了官方的考试,一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书,记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书,故选A项。
√
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry. D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
解析　细节理解题。根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的“she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree”可知,Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人,故选D项。
√
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.practitioner n. 专业人员;(尤指医学或法律界的)从业人员
2.highlight v. 突出;强调
n. 最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分
3.suspicion n. 怀疑
4.physician n. 医生
5.surgery n. 外科手术;外科学;诊室
6.unlawfully adv. 非法地
7.court n. 法院;法庭;(网球等的)球场
8.qualify v. 取得资格(或学历);合格
9.ban sb from (doing) sth 禁止某人(做)某事
10.from all walks of life 来自社会各界
11.be dressed as 打扮成
从事(医务工作、法律专业等),执业
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
practice [熟义] n.实施,实践
[生义] v._______________________________
She prefers practicing medicine to making medicine.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.
分析:本句是一个复合句。that women practicing medicine faced是________________从句,修饰the suspicion;practicing medicine是现在分词短语作____________的定语。
句意:______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
定语
women
杰奎琳·菲利斯·阿尔曼尼亚(约1322年)强调了行医女性所面临
的怀疑。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·河北邢台高三一模)
Yu Zeling,an award-winning master of paper cutting,fills her studio with cutouts of animals,people,and scenes that are so vivid that they seem to leap from the walls.Her art covers village life in Ansai,a rural district in Shaanxi Province.
Ms.Yu came to paper cutting in the late 1970s as naturally as she breathed the earthy air.“We were very poor,and when it was time to celebrate the New Year,we all put paper-cuts on the windows to decorate our houses,” she says,recalling the holiday at her childhood home.Ms.Yu and others are working to keep the folk art alive,even as it evolves away from its roots as adornment for farmhouses.
The art originated in China in the centuries after paper was invented in A.D.105.Full of auspicious (吉利的) symbols from daily life,the decorations represented good weather,many offspring,long life,wealth,and happiness.
Using newspaper,Ms.Yu first practiced cutting the image of a Chinese national flag that she saw in a school textbook.She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied.Then her aunt took over,introducing her to increasingly complicated traditional themes.
Ms.Yu was later invited to train in the Ansai’s Cultural Center.After years of training,Ms.Yu became a master in her own right,winning one award after another.Her works are on display in museums.But she’s humble about her achievements.“I was,and still am,a farmer,” she says with a smile.
Hoping to carry on and grow the folk art,Ms.Yu volunteers to teach at free community training sessions.Paper cutting is also taught in Ansai’s public schools.Ms.Yu is aware of the need to go beyond protecting traditions and embrace new paper-cut experiments.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——剪纸大师——余泽玲
1.What does the underlined word “adornment” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Celebration. B.Symbol.
C.Invention. D.Decoration.
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“We were very poor...decorate our houses”及“Ms.Yu and others...away from its roots”可知,剪纸这种民间艺术最初是从农家装饰品演变而来的,故画线部分与decoration意思相近,表示“装饰品”,故选D项。
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2.What can be learned about paper cutting from the text
A.It has cultural value. B.It features animals.
C.It attracts the young. D.It remains in fashion.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Full of auspicious...wealth,and happiness.”及最后一段“Paper cutting is also...new paper-cut experiments.”可知,剪纸具有文化价值,故选A项。
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3.Which word best describes Ms.Yu
A.Talkative. B.Curious.
C.Devoted. D.Competitive.
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“She cut it 100 times before she was satisfied.”可知,余泽玲对于剪纸艺术非常投入和专注,故选C项。
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4.What is the text likely to be
A.A brief history of paper cutting.
B.A new approach to paper cutting.
C.An introduction to a paper cutting master.
D.The direction of a traditional paper cutting.
解析　文章大意题。通读全文,结合第一段可知,本文是对剪纸大师——余泽玲的介绍,故选C项。
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(2025·东北三省四市高三质量监测二)
German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from_scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——爱因斯坦
5.What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
A.Opposing. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Indifferent.
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“For the first time...Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception...and by pure thought alone.”可知,这两个专家通过将爱因斯坦的工作置于科学知识演进的漫长历程中,发现人们对爱因斯坦的一种普遍误解:爱因斯坦凭自己纯粹的思考创造了现代物理学。所以可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。
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6.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
A.From nothing. B.Up to a certain standard.
C.By learning from others. D.With previous knowledge.
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,即相对论不是“从零开始”的,故选A项。
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7.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
C.Their research contributed to Einstein’s success.
D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪的物理学家们发展起来的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。
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8.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A guidebook to a course.
B.An introduction to a book.
C.An essay on Albert Einstein.
D.A review of physics development.
解析　文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,全文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。
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Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·聊城高三上期末)
New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.__1__ They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.
Academician Huang made three commitments to himself—to contribute his energy to scientific research;to apply his achievements in the fields;and to provide more opportunities for young people.“__2__ By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities,we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates,” he said.
Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research.“__3__ This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research,” he said.
Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year,five of them are female scientists.Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives,and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.__4___
__5__ For example,she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions,taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.
A.They are more resilient (有适应力的),which contributes to the development of science.
B.In recent years,Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.
C.As academicians,we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.
D.She has both male and female students,who are irreplaceable to each other.
E.The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday.
F.I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.
G.To achieve success in the field of science,the most important thing is to persist with original intention.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——中国科学院新当选院士
1.E　 [上文描述新晋院士参加颁证仪式的场景,结合常识可知,E项(59位新当选的院士在周五的典礼上宣誓就职。)承接上文,符合语境。]
2.C　 [下文提到要给年轻人机会的具体做法,C项(作为院士,我们需要与年轻一代分享更多的机会)符合语境。句中“As academicians,we...”是黄院士的自称。]
3.G　 [上文“persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research”和下文“This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research.”强调“坚持”“决心”和“毅力”,G项(要在科学领域取得成功,最重要的是坚持初心)表达同样的主旨,符合语境。句中“persist with original intention”与上下文内容相照应。]
4.A　 [上文提出女性科学家的重要性,A项(她们适应力更强,这有助于科学的发展。)承接上文,符合语境。句中指示代词“They”指代上文中“women”。]
5.B　 [下文提出相关机构在政策上对女性科学家的支持,B项(近年来,金院士注意到中国对女性科学家的支持越来越多)引出下文,符合语境。下文是对B项的举例说明。 ]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·福州高三第一次质检)
The amount and scale (规模) of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary people.But with hard work and determination,anyone can __1__ great things.
One such person is Yin Yuzhen.At a young age,Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert.She felt __2__.To cheer herself up and improve the __3__ environment,Yin began planting trees to take __4__ back from the desert.“I would rather die of __5__ from fighting the sand than be buried by it!” she said.The couple had to travel on foot,doing __6__ by hand.At first,many trees did not survive,__7__ over the years,she learnt from her __8__,discovering the best plants and methods to use to successfully plant a __9__ in the desert.Over more than three decades,they have planted over 300,000 trees.It has been said of Yin:“She is a symbol of courage,patience,and __10__.Her work in greening the desert deserves universal __11__.”
It is without any doubt __12__ to see a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with.__13__ may seem small and insignificant,yet over time they __14__ together to become great achievements.A journey of 1,000 miles begins with a single step and the will to __15__.Take your first step.Plant your first tree.
语篇类型:夹叙夹议文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——沙漠种树英雄:殷玉珍
1.A.turn B.store C.achieve D.promise
解析　根据下文讲述的事迹并结合常识可知,此处在讲述这样一个道理:只要努力、有决心,任何人都可以实现(achieve)伟大的事业。故选C项。
2.A.lonely B.sorry C.free D.well
解析　根据空前的“At a young age,Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert.”和常识可知,一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古,和丈夫在沙漠生活,可能会感到孤独(lonely)。本题也可以根据空后的“To cheer herself up”去作推断。
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3.A.friendly B.changing C.protected D.tough
解析　根据最后一段中的“a clear example of how the problem of desertification can be dealt with”可知,殷玉珍初到沙漠时,那里的环境很艰苦(tough)。changing “变化中的,改变中的”;protected “受保护的”。
4.A.air B.land C.food D.energy
解析　此处考查常识。根据常识可知,在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠手里夺回土地(land)。
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5.A.sickness B.emptiness C.tiredness D.sadness
解析　根据空后的“The couple had to travel on foot,doing ________by hand.”以及常识可知,在沙漠里种树很辛苦,但殷玉珍宁可在治沙中累死(die of tiredness)也不愿被沙土掩埋。sickness “疾病;呕吐”;emptiness “空虚;空地”;tiredness “疲劳”;sadness “悲伤”。]
6.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anything
解析　根据上文和常识可知,沙漠的环境非常艰苦,交通基本靠走,一切事情(everything)都要靠手去做。
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7.A.or B.and C.so D.but
解析　此处考查逻辑关系。空前讲到了起初种树不成功,空后讲到了多年后她发现了最好的植物和方法来成功地种树,前后句之间形成了转折,故用but。
8.A.failure B.feelings C.determination D.dreams
解析　根据空前的“many trees did not survive”可知,她最初种树失败了,而空后则讲到成功。由此可以推断,她从失败(failure)中吸取了经验。failure “失败,失败的人(或事物)”;determination “决心;果断,坚定”。
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9.A.garden B.forest C.seed D.crop
解析　根据空后的“they have planted over 300,000 trees”可知,她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里种出了一片森林(forest)。seed “种子,籽”;crop “庄稼,(谷物、水果等一季的)收成,产量”。
10.A.fortune B.honesty C.harmony D.perseverance
解析　此处是对上文中“Over more than three decades,they have planted over 300,000 trees.”的评价,由此可见,殷玉珍也是坚持(perseverance)的典范。fortune “命运,机会”;honesty “诚实,正直”;harmony “融洽,和睦”;perseverance “毅力,韧性,不屈不挠的精神”。
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11.A.organization B.truth C.respect D.method
解析　根据常识可知,30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家尊重(respect)的。
12.A.interesting B.challenging C.relaxing D.inspiring
解析　根据上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出,这样的努力是很激励人心的(inspiring)。challenging “有挑战性的”;relaxing “令人放松的,轻松的”;inspiring “鼓舞人心的,激励的;启发灵感的”。
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13.A.Actions B.Choices C.Promises D.Events
解析　根据下文中的“Take your first step.Plant your first tree.”可知,此处讲到了“不积跬步,无以至千里”的道理。换句话说,行动(Actions)本身可能看起来微不足道、无关紧要,但随着时间的推移,它们汇合(join)在一起,就能成就伟业。choice “选择,挑选,抉择”;promise “诺言,许诺”;event “事件,大事”。
14.A.stand B.join C.get D.put
解析　参见上题解析。
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15.A.struggle B.survive C.continue D.believe
解析　根据常识可知,千里之行始于足下,还有继续(continue)下去的决心。struggle “奋斗,努力;挣扎脱身”;survive “幸存;比……活(或存在)的时间长;幸免于难”。
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Ⅳ. 语法填空
(2025·南京六校高三联合调研)
Zhen Shisheng is a man with hearing loss and speech difficulties.1.____________ his physical difficulties,Zhen has lived a meaningful life,thanks to his interest in and talent for and enthusiasm for the traditional Shanxi art of fahua ware.
Fahua ware,which is mostly made in the south and east of Shanxi,is the porcelain version of cloisonné (景泰蓝),2.____________ the design elements are separated by copper wires.Porcelain featuring these techniques 3.____________ (fire) at lower temperatures with the different colored glazes and enamels applied to individual areas created by the slip lines.
When 4.____________ (recall) his experience to learn the techniques to make this Shanxi handicraft with a history of hundreds of years,Zhen said in sign language,“When you lose some abilities,you would cherish all the others 5.____________ (leave) to you.Only when you apply all your senses and abilities to your subject of work can you 6.____________ (possible) succeed.”
Zhen learned the craft from his father,who is 7.____________ master fahua ware craftsman in a porcelain factory.Zhen’s creativity and innovation are demonstrated in the 8.____________ (free) of using lines and glaze colors,as well as the selection of patterns and images for decoration.
The hardest part of learning to make fahua ware is that the fahua techniques 9.____________ (lose) for about 300 years,and today’s revival of the art has been made through artists’ painstaking research into ancient documents and 10.____________ (exist) museum exhibits,as well as their own imagination.And he believes this cultural heritage can be passed down to future generations.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物——珐华器传承人甄世盛
1.Despite　 [考查介词。结合句意“尽管甄世盛的身体有缺陷,但他在山西传统的珐华器艺术方面的兴趣、才华和热情,让他过着有意义的生活”可知,空处应表示“尽管”之意,由于空后紧跟名词,所以空处填Despite,注意首字母大写。]
2.where　 [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Fahua ware,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以空处填where。句意:珐华器多产于山西南部和东部,是景泰蓝的瓷器版本,器皿上的设计元素由铜线分隔。]
3.is fired　 [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句讲述珐华器的烧制方式,陈述客观事实,时态用一般现在时;fire在此处为动词,意为“烧制(陶器、砖等)”,与主语Porcelain之间是被动关系,且主语表示第三人称单数,所以空处填is fired。]
4.recalling　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语Zhen之间是主谓关系,所以空处填recalling。]
5.left　 [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,意为“留下,剩下”,与逻辑主语the others之间是动宾关系,所以空处填left。]
6.possibly　 [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词succeed,应用副词possibly。]
7.a　 [考查冠词。master在此为形容词,意为“技艺高超的”,修饰可数名词craftsman,因此空处考虑用冠词。结合句意“甄世盛从父亲那里学会了这门手艺,他的父亲是一家瓷器厂的一流珐华器工艺师”可知,此处表泛指,且空后的master的发音以辅音音素开头,所以空处填a。]
8.freedom　 [考查词性转换。空前有定冠词the修饰,空后是介词of,故空处应用名词,填freedom。句意:他的创意和革新表现在他对线条和釉色的自由运用,以及他在装饰图案和图像的选择上。]
9.have been lost　 [考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作that引导的表语从句的谓语。根据时间状语“for about 300 years”可知,时态用现在完成时。主语the fahua techniques与lose之间是被动关系,且主语是复数形式,所以空处填have been lost。]
10.existing/existent　 [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的名词museum exhibits,应用形容词,所以空处填existing/existent。existing “现行的,现存的”;existent “现行的,实有的”。句意:学习制作珐华器最困难的地方在于,珐华器技术已经失传大约300年了,如今这门艺术的复兴是通过艺术家们对古代文献和现存的博物馆展品的艰苦研究,以及他们自己的想象来实现的。 ]
Ⅴ.应用文写作
(2025·辽宁高三模拟预测)
假定你是高中生李华,近期观看了关于当代中国杰出人物的纪录片。请用英语写一篇观后感,向校英文报投稿。内容包括:
1.让你印象深刻的人物;2.观看纪录片后,你的感受和收获。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.题目已为你写好,不计入总词数。
What I Learnt From the Outstanding Contemporary Figures
____________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
What I Learnt From the Outstanding
Contemporary Figures
After watching the documentary about outstanding contemporary figures in China,I was most impressed by Yang Liwei,a Chinese space hero.
In 2003,Yang Liwei overcame great challenges and successfully completed China’s first manned spaceflight,demonstrating his indomitable spirit and devotion to China’s aerospace development.Undoubtedly,his courage and pursuit of goals are admirable,and his contribution to the country is significant.
The documentary helped me understand that with high ideals and perseverance,even ordinary people can create our own brilliance.At the same time,I also realized that achieving the Chinese dream requires joint efforts of all people.

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