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(共151张PPT)
主题30　地球与宇宙奥秘探索
主题语境三 人与自然
主题群十　宇宙探索
主题词句 自查过关
内
容
索
引
主题词句 默写检测
主题词句 重点突破
主题写作 双练提升
主题阅读 综合运用
课时作业 一课一练
对接教材 人教版 必修第三册Unit 4 Space exploration
外研版 选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown;Unit 6 Space and beyond
译林版 选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Out of this world
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
主题词句 自查过关
一、天体星球
1.distance n.　　 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远
distant adj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的
distantly adv. 远离地;疏远地
2.equator n. 赤道
【主题语料·分类群记】
3.global adj. 全球的;全世界的
globally adv. 全球地;全局地;世界上
globe n. 地球;地球仪;球体
globalize vt. 使全球化
globalization n. 全球化
4.gravity n. 重力,地球引力
5.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的
6.Mars n. 火星
7.planet n. 行星
8.shine vi. 发光;反光;照耀
9.solar adj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的;(与)太阳能(有关)的
10.sunlight n. 阳光
11.universe n. 宇宙;世界;领域
universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
universally adv. 普遍地;到处
二、航空航天
1.aboard adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
2.absolutely adv. 绝对地;当然
3.airspace n. 领空,空域
4.alien n. 外星人(生物);外国人adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
5.astronaut n. 宇航员,航天员
6.astronomy n. 天文学
astronomer n. 天文学家
7.atmosphere n. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围
8.boost n. 增长v.促进,推动
9.capsule n. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱
10.crash vt.& vi. 碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞
11.crew n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
12.decade n. 十年,十年期
13.dominate vi.& vt.支配,控制
domination n. 控制;支配
14.flight n. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班;空中旅行
15.float vi. 飘动;漂流;浮vt.使浮动,使漂流
16.forecast v.& n. 预测,预报
17.fortune n. 机会,运气;大笔的钱
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
18.giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的n.巨人;巨兽;伟人
19.hydrogen n. 氢,氢气
20.indicate v. 表明,显示;象征,暗示
indication n. 迹象;标示
21.leadership n. 领导;领导地位
22.mankind n. 人类
23.mission n. 任务;职责;使命
24.orbit n. (天体等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动
25.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于;归因于
26.oxygen n. 氧;氧气
27.pace n. 速度;进度
28.peak n. 顶峰;山峰;尖形adj.高峰时期的
29.pilot n. 飞行员;领航员
30.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
prediction n. 预测;预言
31.rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹
32.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
33.shuttle n. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)
vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
34.spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船
35.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
36.spacewalk n. 太空行走
37.telescope n. 望远镜
38.tend vi. 趋向,倾向;往往会
vi.& vt. 照料,照管
vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)
tendency n. 倾向
39.vary vi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同 vt.(略为)变更,改变
various adj. 各种各样的;多方面的
variety n. 多样;种类;变化,多样化
variation n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
40.worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
worth n. 价值;作用adj. 值得的
worthy adj. 值得的;有价值的
三、主题词块
1.result in 导致;造成
2.look into 调查(问题)
3.block out 挡住(光线)
4.in view of 鉴于,考虑到
5.be beneficial to... 对……有益
6.carry on 继续做;坚持干
7.provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需
8.set out 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
9.in the hope of doing... 抱着做……的希望
10.throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去;热衷于
11.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
12.in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
13.so as to.../in order to... 以便……;为了……
14.enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
15.lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
16.more than 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止
17.on the whole 大体上;基本上
18.one after another 一个接一个地
四、主题佳句
1.the+序数词+n.+to do... 第几个做……
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2.there be+n.+that...
There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere,so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.
有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。
3.“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
So no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter,the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind.
因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。
4.动词-ing形式短语作主语
Attending this event really broadened my horizons and helped me gain a deeper understanding of space exploration.
参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better ____________(globe) coverage.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.____________ (fortunate),there is no magic list I can offer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
global
Unfortunately
3.During today’s trip,you will be blessed with a chance to see a wide ____________(vary) of flowers in bloom.
4.If something bad happens on a particular day,people have a ____________(tend) to associate that day with the negative event.
5.At the start of the 20th century,an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made ____________(predict) about life today.(2021·浙江1月卷)
variety
tendency
predictions
6.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an ____________(indicate) of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月卷)
7.The company has struggled to maintain its ____________(dominate) in the market.
8.Independence is another word for freedom,which is a ____________(universe) value cherished by all people.
indication
domination
universal
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出distant的汉语意思
A.adj.遥远的;远处的　B.adj.远房的 C.adj.冷淡的 D.adj.久远的
①However,after I went to high school,somehow I became distant from him.(2022·全国甲卷)_____
②It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin._____
③Last summer’s drought is a distant memory._____
④Looking southeastwards,they could see the distant mountains.____
C
B
D
A
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.(全国Ⅲ卷)___________________________
②What annoyed him was that his leg hurt,he could hardly walk even one pace.___________
③As you know,we need extra help during the peak summer season.______________
④For two days and nights he did not close his eyes as he tended the child.___________
vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)
n.一步
adj.高峰时期的
vt.照顾,照料
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.They are experimenting with growing crops in space __________________________________________________________on longer journeys through space.
他们正在尝试在太空中种植作物,以帮助宇航员在更长时间的太空旅程中获得足够的食物。
2.As they were determined to complete the job on time,they _________________________________________________________.
由于他们决心按时完成这项任务,他们立即开始了工作。
so as to/in order to help astronauts get enough food
set out to work immediately
3.Actually,I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library ____________________________________________________ about the universe.
事实上,我非常热衷于太空探索,以至于我经常去图书馆,希望能够获得充足的有关宇宙的知识。
4.Studying the stars and planets ________________________________
of the universe’s formation.
研究恒星和行星有助于我们理解宇宙的形成。
in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge
is beneficial to our understanding
5._______________________________is a significant milestone in human space exploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
建立空间站是人类太空探索的重要里程碑。
6.As is known to us,Yang Liwei is _______________________________
____________________________________.(the+序数词+n.+to do...)
众所周知,杨利伟是第一个被送入太空的中国航天员。
Establishing a space station
the first Chinese astronaut to be
sent into space
主题词句 默写检测
【默写主题单词】
一、天体星球
1.____________ n.　 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远
____________ adj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的
____________ adv. 远离地;疏远地
2.____________ n. 赤道
distance
distant
distantly
equator
3.____________ adj. 全球的;全世界的
____________ adv. 全球地;全局地;世界上
____________ n. 地球;地球仪;球体
____________ vt. 使全球化
____________ n. 全球化
4.____________ n. 重力,地球引力
5.____________ adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的
6.____________ n. 火星
global
globally
globe
globalize
globalization
gravity
lunar
Mars
7.____________ n. 行星
8.____________ vi. 发光;反光;照耀
9.____________ adj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的; (与)太阳能(有关)的
10.____________ n. 阳光
11.____________ n. 宇宙;世界;领域
____________ adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
____________ adv. 普遍地;到处
planet
shine
solar
sunlight
universe
universal
universally
二、航空航天
1.____________ adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
2.____________ adv. 绝对地;当然
3.____________ n. 领空,空域
4.____________ n. 外星人(生物);外国人 adj. 陌生的;外星的;外国的
5.____________ n. 宇航员,航天员
6.____________ n. 天文学
____________ n. 天文学家
aboard
absolutely
airspace
alien
astronaut
astronomy
astronomer
7.____________ n. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围
8.____________ n. 增长 v.促进,推动
9.____________ n. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱
10.____________ vt.& vi. 碰撞;撞击 n.撞车;碰撞
11.____________ n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
12.____________ n. 十年,十年期
13.____________ vi.& vt. 支配,控制
____________ n. 控制;支配
atmosphere
boost
capsule
crash
crew
decade
dominate
domination
14.____________ n. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班; 空中旅行
15.____________ vi. 飘动;漂流;浮 vt.使浮动,使漂流
16.____________ v.& n.预测,预报
17.____________ n. 机会,运气;大笔的钱
____________ adj. 幸运的
____________ adv. 幸运地
____________ adv. 不幸地
18.____________ adj. 巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人
flight
float
forecast
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunately
giant
19.____________ n. 氢,氢气
20.____________ v. 表明,显示;象征,暗示
____________ n. 迹象;标示
21.____________ n. 领导;领导地位
22.____________ n. 人类
23.____________ n. 任务;职责;使命
24.____________ n. (天体等运行的)轨道; 势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动
hydrogen
indicate
indication
leadership
mankind
mission
orbit
25.____________ vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等); 归功于;归因于
26.____________ n. 氧;氧气
27.____________ n. 速度;进度
28.____________ n. 顶峰;山峰;尖形 adj.高峰时期的
29.____________ n. 飞行员;领航员
30.____________ vt. 预测;预言;预料
____________ n. 预测;预言
31.____________ n. 火箭;火箭弹
owe
oxygen
pace
peak
pilot
predict
prediction
rocket
32.____________ n. 人造卫星;卫星
33.____________ n. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)
vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
34.____________ n. 航天器;宇宙飞船
35.____________ n. 宇宙飞船
36.____________ n. 太空行走
37.____________ n. 望远镜
satellite
shuttle
spacecraft
spaceship
spacewalk
telescope
38.____________ vi. 趋向,倾向;往往会
vi.& vt. 照料,照管
vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)
____________ n. 倾向
tend
tendency
39.____________ vi. (根据情况)变化,变更; 相异,不同
vt. (略为)变更,改变
____________ adj. 各种各样的;多方面的
____________ n. 多样;种类;变化,多样化
____________ n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
40.____________ adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
____________ n. 价值;作用 adj. 值得的
____________ adj. 值得的;有价值的
vary
various
variety
variation
worthwhile
worth
worthy
【默写主题词块】
1.________________ 导致;造成
2.________________ 调查(问题)
3.________________ 挡住(光线)
4.________________ 鉴于,考虑到
5.________________ 对……有益
6.________________ 继续做;坚持干
7.________________ 为某人提供生活所需
result in
look into
block out
in view of
be beneficial to...
carry on
provide for sb
8.________________________ 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
9.________________________ 抱着做……的希望
10.________________________ 积极投入到……中去; 热衷于
11.________________________ 在宇宙飞船上;在船上; 在飞机上
12.________________________ 在这种情况下;既然如此
13.________________________ 以便……;为了……
14.________________________ 使某人能够做某事
set out
in the hope of doing...
throw oneself into
on board
in/under the circumstances
so as to.../in order to...
enable sb to do sth
15.___________________ 为……打下基础
16.___________________ 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止
17.___________________ 大体上;基本上
18.___________________ 一个接一个地
lay the foundation for
more than
on the whole
one after another
1.Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became ____________________________
________________________________. (the+序数词+n.+to do...)
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
the first person in the world to go into space
【默写主题佳句】
2.__________________________________________________________, so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.(there be+n.+that...)
有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。
There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere
3.So ____________________________________________________, the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind.(“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。
no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter
4._______________________________really broadened my horizons and helped me gain a deeper understanding of space exploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。
Attending this event
主题词句 重点突破
1.distance n.距离(空间的)遥远;(时间的)久远;疏远 (distant adj.远的;远处的;疏远的)
distances
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
① To Eva,“a mile” was used to describe long ____________(distant).(2024·浙江1月卷)
② We held a fruit-picking activity last weekend on a farm which was ________a distance of two kilometres from our school.(活动介绍;全国Ⅱ卷)
at
③You can also visit the city museum, _________________________________________________.(建议信)
你也可以参观城市博物馆,它就在你住的酒店的步行距离之内。
which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay
后牢记　用法归纳
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 隔一段距离;从远处
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远
within walking distance 步行就能到;步行可达的距离
2.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) [board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;伙食 broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外;在/到海外]
with broad shoulders
先运用　补全句子/补全语段
①He is tall _______________________________and a beard and always _________________________________________.(外貌描写)
他身材高大,肩膀宽阔,留着胡子,总是满面笑容。
wears a broad smile
②_____________________________________________________, I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts.(告知信)
得知你将去国外深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。
③They had said goodbye to each other before ________________________________, but the mother kept waving hands to _______________________________________________until the train went out of sight.
她们在上火车前就已经互相道别过了,但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手,直到火车驶出视线之外。
Learning that you will go abroad for further study
going aboard/boarding the train
her daughter on board
后牢记　用法归纳
go aboard 上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)
on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上
go abroad 出国
3.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;财富;命运 (fortunate adj.幸运的;侥幸的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译
①After we said goodbye to each other,I rushed to the queue.____________ (fortunate),I didn’t miss the whole arrangements for the conference.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
Fortunately
②Many immigrants headed to California _____________________ but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.
许多移民前往加州寻找出路,但最终只能打各种各样的零工来谋生。
③我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。
→I ______________________________________________________ to travel along the Silk Road.(fortunate)
→I _______________________________________________________ to travel along the Silk Road.(fortune)
to seek their fortune
was fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity
had the good fortune to get a precious opportunity
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)try/seek one’s fortune 找出路;碰碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth 有幸做某事
4.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(账、钱、人情等);归因于,归功于
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①________________________, the task was finished ahead of time.
由于我们的努力,任务提前完成了。
②I _______________________________for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(道歉信)
周五下午我未能和你一起去书店,我得向你道歉。
Owing to our efforts
owe you an apology
③我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。
→I _______________________________in English learning ________________________________.
→I ______________________________________________________ in English learning. (it作形式宾语)
owe my great progress
to you
owe it to you that I have made great progress
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe...to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb to do sth 该为某人做某事
owe it to sb that...
将……归功于某人 (it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语)
(2)owing to 因为,由于
5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏;来回踱步;走来走去
先运用　补全句子
①________________________________, I completely gave up my idle ways and devoted myself to the project.(2022·浙江1月卷)
为了跟上他的步伐,我彻底放弃了闲散的生活方式,全身心投入到项目中。
To keep up with his pace
②________________________________, and then wandered down to the gate and back.(动作描写)
她在厨房踱来踱去,然后溜达到大门口又回来。
③Study _______________________________and never lose heart,and you will make progress in time.(建议信)
按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你迟早会取得进步的。
She paced up and down in the kitchen
at your own pace
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)at a(n)...pace 以……的速度
pace of life 生活节奏
keep pace with sb/sth 与某人/某物并驾齐驱
keep up with one’s pace 跟上某人的步伐
(2)pace up and down 来回踱步
6.tend vi.倾向,趋向 vi.& vt.照料,照管 vt.招待;照料 (tendency n.倾向,趋势;偏好)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①This is consistent with young children’s usual ____________(tend) to look longer at unfamiliar things.
②Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend ____________(be) healthier,better adjusted,and better at dealing with stress.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
tendency
to be
③I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses _________________________________________________________. (感谢信)
我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。
who tended my mother carefully after the operation
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)tend (to) sb 照顾某人
tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往会做……
(2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
7.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 (various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The students in our class vary ________height ____________150 cm to 170 cm.
②Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on ____________(vary) subjects there.(2024·浙江1月卷)
in
from
various
③The Literature Society ____________________________________
__________________, encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading.
文学社推荐了各种各样的好书,鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。
recommended a variety of/varieties of/
various good books
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of=varieties of=various 多种多样的
8.worthwhile adj.重要的;令人愉快的;有趣的;值得(花时间、金钱、努力等)的;有价值的,有益的;值得做的 (worthy adj.值得……的 worth adj.值得的;有……价值;值……钱 n.价值)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①____________ is worthwhile making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
It
②参观我校正举办的太空探索成就展是非常值得的。
→The exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school ________________________________.(worth adj.)
→_______________________________the exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school.(worthwhile adj.)
→The exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school ____________________________________. (worthy adj.)
is worth visiting
It is worthwhile visiting/to visit
is worthy of being visited/to be visited
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth 做某事是值得的
(2)be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做
(3)be worthy 值得被做
9.more than 超过;多于
先运用　补全句子/翻译句子
①She _______________________________when her son lied again.
当她的儿子再次撒谎时,她与其说生气倒不如说伤心。
②Fishing is ________________________________;it’s an art.
钓鱼不只是一项运动,它也是一门艺术。
was more sad than angry
more than a sport
③得知你们在组织这项活动,我非常乐意申请参加。(动词-ing短语形式作状语;more than)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Learning that you are organizing this activity,I am more than happy to apply for joining in it.
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)more than+数词或从句 超过……
more than+形容词 非常……
more than+名词 不只是;不仅是
no more than 只不过;仅仅
not more than 不超过;至多
(2)more A than B结构意为“与其说B不如说A”,强调 more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征作对比,more表示程度,than连接两个并列成分,其后常用省略形式。
10.the+序数词+n.+to do... 第几个做……
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is known to all that Yang Liwei was the first Chinese ____________(travel) into space.
to travel
②As far as I know,Amy was the only person ____________(witness) the car accident.
③Personally,I think I _______________________________________. (申请信)
就个人而言,我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。
④We seized the golden chance ________________________________
and through it we got into the helicopter.(浙江7月卷)
我们抓住了爬上梯子的黄金时机,然后通过梯子进入直升机。
to witness
am the best person to take up the job
to climb the ladder
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only,the very修饰时,常用不定式作定语。
(2)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,即作后置定语。
(3)有些抽象名词后也常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability,chance,ambition,attempt等。
主题写作 双练提升
[应用文增分练]——“我对太空探索的理解”主题征文
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　你校英文报正在组织题为“My Understanding of Space Exploration”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.太空探索的重要性;
2.你的理由。
My Understanding of Space Exploration
Space exploration is worthwhile.1._____________________(它对人类至关重要).Firstly,it helps us understand the universe better. Through space exploration,we can 2._______________________(发现遥远的行星) and possibly find new forms of life.It can also lead to technological advancements.For example, research on spacecraft and rockets may 3._________________________________________________________(产生对我们日常生活有益的新发明).Secondly,it may help us solve global
It is crucial for mankind
discover distant planets
result in new inventions that are beneficial to our daily lives
problems.We may find new resources in space to meet our needs.In conclusion,we should 4._______________________________________
(继续满怀热情地进行太空探索).
carry on space exploration with enthusiasm
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:探险家Tom热爱探险→一天,他踏入丛林深处冒险→迷路,面临生存的挑战→寻找食物、解决导航问题→尝试与一群活泼的猴子交流,希望能找到出路……
场景续写1:让他感到惊奇的是,猴子反应友好(出于善意,给他水果等)→跟随猴子学习→取得进展(学会找水源、可食用的食物)→Tom恢复体力,有了希望
To his surprise, the monkeys responded to him friendly. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They seemed intrigued by his attempts to communicate and even brought him some fruits, apparently as a gesture of goodwill.Tom gratefully accepted the offerings, realizing that these monkeys could potentially be his lifeline.Over the next few days, he followed the monkeys, learning from their behavior and survival skills in the jungle.They led him to water sources and edible fruits, helping him sustain his strength.The experience was surreal, but it gave Tom hope and renewed energy to continue his struggle for survival.
场景续写2:走出丛林看到一个小村庄→Tom及村民的反应→解释情况→村民热情帮助→探险感悟
As Tom stepped out of the jungle, he was greeted by the sight of a small village.________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Relief flooded through his body as he realized he had finally found civilization.Weak and exhausted, he stumbled towards the nearest hut.Villagers gathered around him, their faces filled with curiosity.Tom explained his situation, and they offered him food, shelter, and clothing.As he rested and recovered, he reflected on his journey.Despite the hardships and near-death experiences, Tom felt a sense of accomplishment.He had survived the jungle, thanks to his resilience, courage, and an unlikely alliance with a group of monkeys.
主题阅读 综合运用
(2022·全国甲卷B篇)Goffin’s cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.Inserting the correct“key” would let out the nut.
In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”.In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where trial-and-error was used,the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索),or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉
24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A.By following instructions. B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around. D.By removing the lid.
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的“the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage”和第二段第三句“In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job...”可知,戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具,故选B项。
√
25.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A.Using a key to unlock a door.
B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole.
D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age...”可知,人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写,故选C项。
√
26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see.
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知,研究人员下一步将设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状,故选D项。
√
27.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers
B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers
D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
解析　标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是文章第一段中的“Goffin’s cockatoos...have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.”可推知,本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉:熟练的形状分类者”最适合作本文的标题,故选D项。
√
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.native adj. 本地出生的,出生地的
2.shape-recognition n. 形状识别
3.keyhole n. 锁眼,钥匙孔
4.geometric adj. 几何图形的;几何的,几何学的
5.insert v. 插入,嵌入
6.trial-and-error n. 反复试验,不断摸索
7.indicate v. 表明,标示;象征,暗示
8.possess v. 拥有,持有
9.entirely adv. 全部地,完全地
10.unlock vt. (用钥匙)开……的锁
11.follow-up adj. 进一步的
12.in the wild 在野外,在自然环境下
13.be presented with 得到;被赠送
14.let out 放出;泄露;出租
15.in most cases 在大多数情况下
16.a sense of touch 触觉
17.make a selection 作出选择
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
keep [熟义] v.保有;保存;保留
[生义]_______________________________
My grandmother kept chickens in her back yard.
v.养,饲养
(三)由文本学长难句分析
This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”.
分析:本句为主从复合句。句子的主干部分为This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”。to recognize that a shape...before it will fit 作____________修饰ability,其中包含一个由that引导的____________从句,作recognize的____________,而这个从句中又包含一个由 before引导的____________从句。
句意:________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
后置定语
宾语
宾语
时间状语
这种可以认识到需要将某个形状朝特定方向转动才能匹配的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。
课时作业 一课一练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Frying French fries in space may be possible,according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece.
On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy (浮力).Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker,and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space,which is under microgravity,there is no buoyancy.So scientists for long believed that frying wasn’t possible.
The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up,and then,at a certain point,headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point,during which the team did tests.
To their surprise,the fries were cooked,and the bubbles were able to escape.When the potato was fried,the water inside the potato turned into vapor (水蒸气).The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in,according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”.
This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in “space”.Early in 2014,a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity.The agency’s large centrifuge (离心机) can create artificial gravity from 1g to 20g,with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin,things held by the arm are under centrifugal force,which is the source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1g to 9g.
They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy (脆的) chips under 3g.It’s interesting to mention that Jupiter’s gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth’s gravity.So,French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter,compared with other planets in the solar system.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——在太空炸薯条成为可能
1.What may make frying French Fries possible in space
A.The release of bubbles. B.The transformation of gravity.
C.The reduction of vapor. D.The accumulation of buoyancy.
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力)...so that the fries are cooked.”可知,地球上的重力和浮力能够确保炸薯条的制作。再根据第四段“The vapor created pressure...‘frying can occur in space’.”可知,水蒸气产生的压力可以使薯条中的气泡散发出来,故选A项。
√
2.Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster
A.To make a weightless sense.
B.To get appropriate pressure.
C.To test the seal of the container.
D.To create experiment conditions.
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane climbed up...the team did tests.”可知,飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件,故选D项。
√
3.What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014
A.To show the function of the centrifuge.
B.To find common ground of various experiments.
C.To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter.
D.To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space.
解析　写作意图题。根据第五段中的“This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French in‘space’.”可知,这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知,下文中提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据,故选D项。
√
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A science magazine. B.A cook book.
C.A food advertisement. D.A travel brochure.
解析　文章出处题。结合全文,尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space...Thessaloniki,Greece.”可知,文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项有关在太空炸薯条的研究,因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志,故选A项。
√
(2025·南京高三二模)
“Palace,Mountain,Moon ” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25,2023.
The photo was taken by Valerio,a young photographer of Turin,Italy.It was shot on the evening of December 15,2023.While he knew about NASA’s competition,he hadn’t considered participating until he received much encouragement from his social media followers.Soon after,he received the message,“Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible!
In a photo like this,nothing is left to luck.The concept came to him back in 2017.Walking on the hills north of Turin,he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga and Mountain Monviso.After numerous visits over several months,he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.
After pinpointing these locations,he experimented with shooting them at different times.“I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo.The Sun was a no-go place,so I turned to the Moon.Its various phases and positions reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said.With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases,marked potential dates on the calendar,and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.
It was very successful,especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase.This meant that in the photo,not only was its crescent (新月) lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side.That part is lit by reflected light,also known as the Da Vinci glow,named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened.During the early days of the waxing Moon phases,the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side,giving it a greyish,silvery color.This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——一张被NASA选中的天文照片
5.Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA
A.He took an interest in astronomical advances.
B.He expected to create an impact on social media.
C.He received broad support from enthusiastic fans.
D.He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot.
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While he knew about NASA’s competition...much encouragement from his social media followers.”可知,Valerio把照片发给美国国家航空和航天局是因为有热情粉丝的广泛支持,故选C项。
√
6.In Valerio’s photo,the three objects ________.
A.shine light on each other B.stand in a straight line
C.fit each other in size D.vary from the usual in color
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he identified four spots...line up just right”和第四段中的“planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue”可知,Valerio有计划地找到了照片中三个物体位于一条直线上的时机,故选B项。
√
7.What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo
A.Studying how the Moon phase changes.
B.Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance.
C.Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle.
D.Measuring the height of the observation point.
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的描述“With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases”可知,为了拍出一张完美的照片,Valerio研究了月相的变化,故选A项。
√
8.What was lit up by the Da Vinci glow
A.The outline of the crescent.
B.The outline of Superga.
C.The dark side of the Moon.
D.The shadowed side of the Earth.
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“not only was its crescent (新月) lit up...Moon’s shadowed side is brightened”可知,达·芬奇辉光照亮了月球的暗面,故选C项。
√
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·山东日照一中二模)
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.__1__Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather,even if you need to move out.
__2__That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood (胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets (支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm,many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags.__3__ Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home,so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house,too.Trim (修剪) trees,especially dead branches,to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.__4___
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.__5__Also,there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——灾害防范——飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法
1.G　 [根据上文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和下文“Here are some ways you can beef up...if you need to move out.”可知,此处是指飓风会对生命财产造成损害,所以选项G“这些危险的风暴会给你的房屋和财物带来损害。”切合文意。故选G。]
2.D　 [根据下文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知,“That”是指前文中提到的人们面对飓风的保护措施,所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风来之前用胶带粘住窗户。”切合文意。故选D。]
3.E　 [根据下文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面,所以选项E“在许多情况下,它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”切合文意。故选E。]
4.C　 [根据上文“Trim (修剪) trees,especially dead branches...during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,所以选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”切合文意。故选C。]
5.F　 [根据上文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿,所以选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换,这样会给你的保险公司提供帮助。”切合文意。故选F。 ]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·潍坊高三一模)
My long-distance cycling career of 13 years and 35,000 kilometres ended as I approached 75.Although I am now no longer strong enough to __1__ the long days and big climbs,day in and day out,I have my memories.
The road behind is just memories,some soon to be forgotten,others to be __2__ and enhanced with the retelling.A 6000-kilometre cross-country ride initially appears __3__,but,once done,it is simply done,much like the challenges that life __4__.
Real __5__ would come when I was alone on my bicycle.I enjoyed meeting and even __6__ the daily targets I had set for myself.I enjoyed the technical challenges faced by tire bursts and loose handlebars,but __7__ not at that time.I loved cycling with a strong tailwind pushing me along and hated __8__ into a strong headwind.I loved striking up conversations with a diversity of people and sincerely appreciated the support and comfort they __9__.
Long distance cycling brings unbearable exhaustion,long hours of anxiety,even fear and desperation,but these __10__ into insignificance,compared to the joy and __11__ of climbing huge mountains or seeing fantastic sights for the first time.The experiences add newness and __12__ to my life and the memories are __13__.
Most importantly,cycling taught me to know myself better.It eventually dawned on me that I had more __14__ and courage than I ever imagined.The self-awareness and long-lasting memories will give me enormous __15__ as I carry on my life journey.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与环境——远程骑行的经历及感受
1.A.appreciate B.choose C.expect D.stand
解析　根据上文“I am now no longer strong enough”可知,作者已经75岁了,没有足够的体力去承受长时间的攀爬,故选D项。
2.A.treasured B.explored C.created D.discussed
解析　根据空后的“enhanced”以及上文“some soon to be forgotten”可推测,空处是一种比较,有些记忆会忘记,而有些则被珍藏,故选A项。
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3.A.boring B.annoying C.confusing D.discouraging
解析　根据空前的“initially”以及下文“but,once done,it is simply done”可知,6 000公里的骑行,最初听起来好像让人望而却步,但是一旦完成也就仅仅如此,故选D项。
4.A.overcomes B.greets C.throws D.ignores
解析　根据先行词“the challenges”以及从句主语“life”可推测,这些挑战是生活加在我们身上的,故选C项。
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5.A.loneliness B.joy C.convenience D.panic
解析　根据下文“I enjoyed meeting and even...and loose handlebars,but ________not at that time.”中的“enjoy”可知,这些都是作者所喜爱的,由此可知,作者骑行时感到的是真正的快乐,故选B项。
6.A.making B.changing C.beating D.finalizing
解析　句意:我喜欢达到甚至超过我为自己设定的每日目标。根据上文的“meeting”以及空前的“even”可推测,空处指的是比“meeting”更进一步,那么自然是超过自己所定的目标,故选C项。
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7.A.reasonably B.admittedly C.fortunately D.hopefully
解析　句意:我很享受爆胎和车把松动带来的技术挑战,但我承认,我并不希望这些事情发生。根据空前的“but”可知,作者想承认的是享受那种技术挑战,但是处理挑战时并不好受,故选B项。
8.A.battling B.slipping C.falling D.wandering
解析　句意:我喜欢在强劲的顺风推动下骑行,讨厌顶着强劲的逆风艰难前行。根据上文“I loved cycling with a strong tailwind pushing me along”可知,作者喜欢顺风骑行,那么相对的,作者讨厌的是逆风而上的艰难,故选A项。
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9.A.owned B.offered C.mentioned D.promised
解析　根据先行词“the support and comfort”可推测,作者感激的是这些人给自己提供的支持和安慰,故选B项。
10.A.fit B.pale C.run D.back
解析　句意:长途骑行带来了难以忍受的疲惫,长时间的焦虑,甚至恐惧和绝望,但与攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙风景的喜悦和满足感相比,这些都显得微不足道。考查短语:pale into insignificance,意为“显得微不足道”,符合句意,故选B项。
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11.A.reflection B.anticipation C.satisfaction D.motivation
解析　根据空前的“joy”以及上文的“insignificance”可推测,作者认为攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙风景会给自己带来愉悦和满足,故选C项。
12.A.secrets B.rules C.decisions D.dimensions
解析　句意:这些经历为我的生活增添了新鲜感和维度,这些记忆令人难忘。根据空前“newness”以及句意可知,这些骑行的经历给作者的生活增添了维度,故选D项。
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13.A.reliable B.flexible C.inaccessible D.unforgettable
解析　根据上文“The road behind is just memories,some soon to be forgotten,others to be ________and enhanced with the retelling.”可推测,这些经历常常被再次想起提及,由此可知,这些经历是令人难忘的,故选D项。
14.A.toughness B.curiosity C.imagination D.wisdom
解析　根据上文“Long distance cycling brings...seeing fantastic sights for the first time.”可知,远途骑行需要韧性也需要勇气,而作者通过骑行的经历意识到自己具备这样的韧性和勇气,故选A项。
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15.A.insight B.knowledge
C.power D.admiration
解析　根据上文“It eventually dawned on me that I had more ________and courage than I ever imagined.”可知,作者意识到自己比想象中更具有韧性和勇气,而这种认知的提升给了作者继续人生旅程所需要的力量,故选C项。
√
Ⅳ. 语法填空
(2025·吉林高三第四次模拟)
The Shenzhou XVI crew members shared their space stories with the public after the 1.____________ (five) crewed mission to the space station 2.____________ (involve) China’s first civilian astronaut.
“I felt particularly happy to fly with the diverse crew members,which 3.____________ the first time included a pilot,an engineer,and a payload specialist,” Major General Jing Haipeng,57,said at 4.____________ news conference held in Beijing.
Jing also revealed that,unlike his previous space missions,he actually gained weight by the end of this one.“We strictly followed our exercise and dietary plans,which is 5.____________ our physical and mental conditions were 6.____________ (exception) good.”
Flight engineer Zhu Yangzhu said that his primary 7.____________ (responsible) were assembling and maintaining the space station’s equipment and the greatest challenge was to ensure “zero mistakes in daily operations” during the five-month mission.
Professor Gui Haichao said he was so proud,as the first civilian astronaut 8.____________ (enter) China’s own space station and conduct 9.____________ (science) research in space.
Jing also expressed his long-lasting passion for his career.“Since 2003,Chinese astronauts 10.____________ (advance) steadily,step by step,and will explore with greater courage and wisdom to realize even bigger dreams,” he said.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——太空经历与感受
1.fifth　 [考查数词。空处修饰名词mission,表示“第五次”,应用序数词形式,故填fifth。]
2.involving　 [考查非谓语动词。空处所在句谓语动词为shared,所以空处应用非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面的名词mission,表示“包含中国首位非军人航天员的任务”。involve与其逻辑主语mission之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词形式,故填involving。]
3.for　 [考查介词。固定搭配“for the first time”表示“第一次”,故填for。]
4.the　 [考查冠词。这里特指在北京举行的新闻发布会,应用定冠词,故填the。]
5.why　 [考查表语从句。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,is是定语从句的系动词,故空处引导表语从句。空前提到“我们严格遵循我们的锻炼和饮食计划”,所以此处表示“这就是为什么我们的身心状态特别好”,故填why。]
6.exceptionally　 [考查词性转换。空处需要用副词修饰形容词good,故填exceptionally。]
7.responsibilities　 [考查词性转换和名词的数。空前的that引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词是were,空处应用名词的复数形式作主语,故填responsibilities。]
8.to enter　 [考查非谓语动词。空前名词astronaut由序数词the first修饰,因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。这里表示“作为首位进入中国自己的空间站的非军人航天员”,故填to enter。]
9.scientific　 [考查词性转换。空处需要用形容词修饰名词research,故填scientific。]
10.have been advancing/have advanced　 [考查时态和主谓一致。空处所在句主语是可数名词的复数形式astronauts,空处在句中作谓语,此处表示“中国航天员稳步前进”。根据时间状语“Since 2003”可知,此处应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的行为,故填have been advancing/have advanced。]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·山东肥城高三适应性考试)
Sometimes things may seem beyond our efforts,but keep on and you will find beautiful views in front of you.
I was on my second outdoor experience trip that every student had to go on. That year,we had a choice of what difficulty level we wanted:one through five. My friends and I had agreed that one would make us seem lazy and that challenging ourselves would make for a good story. In choosing level two,we believed that it would still be a fun experience.
We were quickly proven wrong.
The further we drove into the White Mountains,the higher the walls on either side of the winding highway grew. I was still in awe of the mountains I had seen so many times before,but I couldn’t help feeling my heart shaking with anxiety. Soon I would have to leave the school bus that brought 50 students out into the wilderness like every year before.
My group consisted of my friends,Riley and Ann,and six extremely athletic boys. We arrived at base camp lodge (木屋) first. After putting things aside and rearranging our bags,we made our way out into the wilderness.
The three of us girls were questioning if this was really a level two. The path was unbelievably steep (陡峭) and rocky toward the top of the mountain where the first hut was located. We were practically jogging in an attempt to keep up with the boys ahead of us.Before the trip,we were told to take breaks as often as we needed to drink water,but that wasn’t helping our pounding hearts and heavy breathing as much as it should have.
Then,30 minutes into the most difficult hike the three of us had ever done,Riley slipped and landed on her knee. After a few moments,we turned back down the mountain as it was decided that Riley could not make the trip with us. We sat on the grass outside the lodge where we had started while Riley was brought inside to join the level one group. Ann and I exchanged breathless glances,our cheeks red and wet with sweat.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
“Do you think we should ask if we could join the level one group too ” I asked Ann.____________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
The next days,although extremely tired,we kept on. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
“Do you think we should ask if we could join the level one group too ” I asked Ann. “I know you won’t,” she breathed out. “I won’t!” I said to myself,looking at the awesome mountains in the distance. Then we started up the steep and rocky path again,attempting to keep up with the boys.Our bags felt heavier;legs burned;backs hurt;tears threatened to spill over our sweat-covered eyes. I wanted nothing more than to turn back and leave right then and there.But,I couldn’t;I didn’t want to be someone who gave up easily.
The next days,although extremely tired,we kept on. Ann and I still found ourselves lagging behind the boys. Instead of embarrassment,I felt as though I was gaining more out of the trip than anyone else. As the boys ran,Ann and I hung back and took breaks,drinking water and admiring the deep green valleys from high above. Level two was fun,too. And eventually we made it to the destination. Facing the beautiful views in front of us,I exchanged a glance with Ann,both of us beaming. 主题群十　宇宙探索
主题30　地球与宇宙奥秘探索
对接教材 人教版 必修第三册Unit 4 Space exploration
外研版 选择性必修第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown;Unit 6 Space and beyond
译林版 选择性必修第三册Unit 2 Out of this world
说明:本主题词汇来源于各版本相同主题单元词汇以及课标中同主题词汇
【主题语料·分类群记】
一、天体星球
1.distance n.　　　　 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远
distant adj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的
distantly adv. 远离地;疏远地
2.equator n. 赤道
3.global adj. 全球的;全世界的
globally adv. 全球地;全局地;世界上
globe n. 地球;地球仪;球体
globalize vt. 使全球化
globalization n. 全球化
4.gravity n. 重力,地球引力
5.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的
6.Mars n. 火星
7.planet n. 行星
8.shine vi. 发光;反光;照耀
9.solar adj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的;(与)太阳能(有关)的
10.sunlight n. 阳光
11.universe n. 宇宙;世界;领域
universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
universally adv. 普遍地;到处
二、航空航天
1.aboard adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
2.absolutely adv. 绝对地;当然
3.airspace n. 领空,空域
4.alien n. 外星人(生物);外国人
adj. 陌生的;外星的;外国的
5.astronaut n. 宇航员,航天员
6.astronomy n. 天文学
astronomer n. 天文学家
7.atmosphere n. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围
8.boost n. 增长
v. 促进,推动
9.capsule n. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱
10.crash vt.& vi. 碰撞;撞击
n. 撞车;碰撞
11.crew n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
12.decade n. 十年,十年期
13.dominate vi.& vt. 支配,控制
domination n. 控制;支配
14.flight n. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班;空中旅行
15.float vi. 飘动;漂流;浮
vt. 使浮动,使漂流
16.forecast v.& n. 预测,预报
17.fortune n. 机会,运气;大笔的钱
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
18.giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的
n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人
19.hydrogen n. 氢,氢气
20.indicate v. 表明,显示;象征,暗示
indication n. 迹象;标示
21.leadership n. 领导;领导地位
22.mankind n. 人类
23.mission n. 任务;职责;使命
24.orbit n. (天体等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动
25.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于;归因于
26.oxygen n. 氧;氧气
27.pace n. 速度;进度
28.peak n. 顶峰;山峰;尖形
adj. 高峰时期的
29.pilot n. 飞行员;领航员
30.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
prediction n. 预测;预言
31.rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹
32.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
33.shuttle n. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)
vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
34.spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船
35.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
36.spacewalk n. 太空行走
37.telescope n. 望远镜
38.tend vi. 趋向,倾向;往往会
vi.& vt. 照料,照管
vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)
tendency n. 倾向
39.vary vi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同
vt. (略为)变更,改变
various adj. 各种各样的;多方面的
variety n. 多样;种类;变化,多样化
variation n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
40.worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
worth n. 价值;作用
adj. 值得的
worthy adj. 值得的;有价值的
三、主题词块
1.result in 导致;造成
2.look into 调查(问题)
3.block out 挡住(光线)
4.in view of 鉴于,考虑到
5.be beneficial to... 对……有益
6.carry on 继续做;坚持干
7.provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需
8.set out 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
9.in the hope of doing... 抱着做……的希望
10.throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去;热衷于
11.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
12.in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
13.so as to.../in order to... 以便……;为了……
14.enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
15.lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
16.more than 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止
17.on the whole 大体上;基本上
18.one after another 一个接一个地
四、主题佳句
1.the+序数词+n.+to do... 第几个做……
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2.there be+n.+that...
There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere,so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.
有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。
3.“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
So no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter,the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind.
因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。
4.动词-ing形式短语作主语
Attending this event really broadened my horizons and helped me gain a deeper understanding of space exploration.
参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。
【课堂小结·多维练透】(限时15分钟)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global (globe) coverage.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
2.As an artist who shares her journey on social media,I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately (fortunate),there is no magic list I can offer.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)
3.During today’s trip,you will be blessed with a chance to see a wide variety (vary) of flowers in bloom.
4.If something bad happens on a particular day,people have a tendency (tend) to associate that day with the negative event.
5.At the start of the 20th century,an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions (predict) about life today.(2021·浙江1月卷)
6.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an indication (indicate) of whether someone is a healthy weight.(2021·浙江1月卷)
7.The company has struggled to maintain its domination (dominate) in the market.
8.Independence is another word for freedom,which is a universal (universe) value cherished by all people.
Ⅱ.语境辨义
1.选出distant的汉语意思
A.adj.遥远的;远处的　B.adj.远房的
C.adj.冷淡的 D.adj.久远的
①However,after I went to high school,somehow I became distant from him.(2022·全国甲卷)C
②It was only after a family conversation that I found out she was actually my distant cousin.B
③Last summer’s drought is a distant memory.D
④Looking southeastwards,they could see the distant mountains.A
2.猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思
①“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.(全国Ⅲ卷)vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)
②What annoyed him was that his leg hurt,he could hardly walk even one pace.n.一步
③As you know,we need extra help during the peak summer season.adj.高峰时期的
④For two days and nights he did not close his eyes as he tended the child.vt.照顾,照料
Ⅲ.补全句子
1.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as to/in order to help astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
他们正在尝试在太空中种植作物,以帮助宇航员在更长时间的太空旅程中获得足够的食物。
2.As they were determined to complete the job on time,they set out to work immediately.
由于他们决心按时完成这项任务,他们立即开始了工作。
3.Actually,I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe.
事实上,我非常热衷于太空探索,以至于我经常去图书馆,希望能够获得充足的有关宇宙的知识。
4.Studying the stars and planets is beneficial to our understanding of the universe’s formation.
研究恒星和行星有助于我们理解宇宙的形成。
5.Establishing a space station is a significant milestone in human space exploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
建立空间站是人类太空探索的重要里程碑。
6.As is known to us,Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to be sent into space.(the+序数词+n.+to do...)
众所周知,杨利伟是第一个被送入太空的中国航天员。
【默写主题单词】
一、天体星球
1.distance n.　　　 遥远,久远;距离;差异;疏远
distant adj. 遥远的;远房的;冷淡的
distantly adv. 远离地;疏远地
2.equator n. 赤道
3.global adj. 全球的;全世界的
globally adv. 全球地;全局地;世界上
globe n. 地球;地球仪;球体
globalize vt. 使全球化
globalization n. 全球化
4.gravity n. 重力,地球引力
5.lunar adj. 阴历的;月球的;月亮的
6.Mars n. 火星
7.planet n. 行星
8.shine vi. 发光;反光;照耀
9.solar adj. 太阳的,和太阳有关的;(与)太阳能(有关)的
10.sunlight n. 阳光
11.universe n. 宇宙;世界;领域
universal adj. 普遍的,共同的;普遍存在的
universally adv. 普遍地;到处
二、航空航天
1.aboard adv.& prep. 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
2.absolutely adv. 绝对地;当然
3.airspace n. 领空,空域
4.alien n. 外星人(生物);外国人
adj. 陌生的;外星的;外国的
5.astronaut n. 宇航员,航天员
6.astronomy n. 天文学
astronomer n. 天文学家
7.atmosphere n. 大气层;空气;环境,氛围
8.boost n. 增长
v. 促进,推动
9.capsule n. (装有药物的)胶囊;太空舱
10.crash vt.& vi. 碰撞;撞击
n. 撞车;碰撞
11.crew n. (飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
12.decade n. 十年,十年期
13.dominate vi.& vt. 支配,控制
domination n. 控制;支配
14.flight n. 飞翔;飞行;班机;航班;空中旅行
15.float vi. 飘动;漂流;浮
vt. 使浮动,使漂流
16.forecast v.& n. 预测,预报
17.fortune n. 机会,运气;大笔的钱
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
18.giant adj. 巨大的;伟大的
n. 巨人;巨兽;伟人
19.hydrogen n. 氢,氢气
20.indicate v. 表明,显示;象征,暗示
indication n. 迹象;标示
21.leadership n. 领导;领导地位
22.mankind n. 人类
23.mission n. 任务;职责;使命
24.orbit n. (天体等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动
25.owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于;归因于
26.oxygen n. 氧;氧气
27.pace n. 速度;进度
28.peak n. 顶峰;山峰;尖形
adj. 高峰时期的
29.pilot n. 飞行员;领航员
30.predict vt. 预测;预言;预料
prediction n. 预测;预言
31.rocket n. 火箭;火箭弹
32.satellite n. 人造卫星;卫星
33.shuttle n. 航天飞机;来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车)
vi. 频繁往来(于两地之间)
34.spacecraft n. 航天器;宇宙飞船
35.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
36.spacewalk n. 太空行走
37.telescope n. 望远镜
38.tend vi. 趋向,倾向;往往会
vi.& vt. 照料,照管
vt. 招待,照料(酒店、酒吧等的顾客)
tendency n. 倾向
39.vary vi. (根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同
vt. (略为)变更,改变
various adj. 各种各样的;多方面的
variety n. 多样;种类;变化,多样化
variation n. 变化;变体;变奏曲
40.worthwhile adj. 值得做的;值得花时间的
worth n. 价值;作用
adj. 值得的
worthy adj. 值得的;有价值的
【默写主题词块】
1.result in 导致;造成
2.look into 调查(问题)
3.block out 挡住(光线)
4.in view of 鉴于,考虑到
5.be beneficial to... 对……有益
6.carry on 继续做;坚持干
7.provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需
8.set out 出发;启程;(怀着目标)开始工作
9.in the hope of doing... 抱着做……的希望
10.throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去;热衷于
11.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
12.in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然如此
13.so as to.../in order to... 以便……;为了……
14.enable sb to do sth 使某人能够做某事
15.lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
16.more than 多于;不仅仅;非常,岂止
17.on the whole 大体上;基本上
18.one after another 一个接一个地
【默写主题佳句】
1.Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(the+序数词+n.+to do...)
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
2.There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere,so it’s actually quite likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.(there be+n.+that...)
有证据表明,进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行,所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命在很多方面都与我们相似。
3.So no matter what kind of difficulties they encounter,the Chinese people will continue to make peaceful use of space and engage in activities for the benefit of mankind.(“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句)
因此,无论遇到何种困难,中国人民都将继续和平利用太空,并开展造福人类的各项活动。
4.Attending this event really broadened my horizons and helped me gain a deeper understanding of space exploration.(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
参加这次活动真的开阔了我的眼界,帮助我对太空探索有了更深入的理解。
1.distance n.距离(空间的)遥远;(时间的)久远;疏远 (distant adj.远的;远处的;疏远的)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
① To Eva,“a mile” was used to describe long distances (distant).(2024·浙江1月卷)
② We held a fruit-picking activity last weekend on a farm which was at a distance of two kilometres from our school.(活动介绍;全国Ⅱ卷)
③You can also visit the city museum,which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.(建议信)
你也可以参观城市博物馆,它就在你住的酒店的步行距离之内。
后牢记　用法归纳
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 隔一段距离;从远处
at a distance of 在……远的地方
keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡;与某人疏远
within walking distance 步行就能到;步行可达的距离
2.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) [board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;伙食 broad adj.宽阔的;广阔的 abroad adv.在/到国外;在/到海外]
先运用　补全句子/补全语段
①He is tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wears a broad smile.(外貌描写)
他身材高大,肩膀宽阔,留着胡子,总是满面笑容。
②Learning that you will go abroad for further study,I’m writing to inform you of some necessary dos and don’ts.(告知信)
得知你将去国外深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。
③They had said goodbye to each other before going aboard/boarding the train,but the mother kept waving hands to her daughter on board until the train went out of sight.
她们在上火车前就已经互相道别过了,但这位母亲一直在向车上的女儿挥手,直到火车驶出视线之外。
后牢记　用法归纳
go aboard 上船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)
on board 在船(火车、飞机、公共汽车等)上
go abroad 出国
3.fortune n.机会;运气;大笔的钱;财富;命运 (fortunate adj.幸运的;侥幸的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunately adv.不幸地)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子/一句多译
①After we said goodbye to each other,I rushed to the queue.Fortunately (fortunate),I didn’t miss the whole arrangements for the conference.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
②Many immigrants headed to California to seek their fortune but ended up doing diverse odd jobs to earn a living.
许多移民前往加州寻找出路,但最终只能打各种各样的零工来谋生。
③我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。
→I was fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortunate)
→I had the good fortune to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortune)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)try/seek one’s fortune 找出路;碰碰运气
have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事
(2)be fortunate to do sth/in doing sth 有幸做某事
4.owe v.应该做;对……负有……的义务;欠(账、钱、人情等);归因于,归功于
先运用　补全句子/一句多译
①Owing to our efforts,the task was finished ahead of time.
由于我们的努力,任务提前完成了。
②I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(道歉信)
周五下午我未能和你一起去书店,我得向你道歉。
③我把在英语学习方面取得的巨大进步归功于您。
→I owe my great progress in English learning to you.
→I owe it to you that I have made great progress in English learning.(it作形式宾语)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
owe...to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb to do sth 该为某人做某事
owe it to sb that...将……归功于某人 (it作形式宾语,that从句作真正的宾语)
(2)owing to 因为,由于
5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏;来回踱步;走来走去
先运用　补全句子
①To keep up with his pace,I completely gave up my idle ways and devoted myself to the project.(2022·浙江1月卷)
为了跟上他的步伐,我彻底放弃了闲散的生活方式,全身心投入到项目中。
②She paced up and down in the kitchen,and then wandered down to the gate and back.(动作描写)
她在厨房踱来踱去,然后溜达到大门口又回来。
③Study at your own pace and never lose heart,and you will make progress in time.(建议信)
按照自己的进度学习,不要灰心,你迟早会取得进步的。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)at a(n)...pace 以……的速度
pace of life 生活节奏
keep pace with sb/sth 与某人/某物并驾齐驱
keep up with one’s pace 跟上某人的步伐
(2)pace up and down 来回踱步
6.tend vi.倾向,趋向 vi.& vt.照料,照管 vt.招待;照料 (tendency n.倾向,趋势;偏好)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①This is consistent with young children’s usual tendency (tend) to look longer at unfamiliar things.
②Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be (be) healthier,better adjusted,and better at dealing with stress.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
③I am writing to express my sincere thanks to the nurses who tended my mother carefully after the operation.(感谢信)
我写信向手术后细心照顾我母亲的护士们表示衷心的感谢。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)tend (to) sb 照顾某人
tend to do... 倾向于做……;往往会做……
(2)have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
7.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变 (various adj.不同的;各种各样的 variety n.多样性;变化;种类)
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①The students in our class vary in height from 150 cm to 170 cm.
②Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various (vary) subjects there.(2024·浙江1月卷)
③The Literature Society recommended a variety of/varieties of/various good books,encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading.
文学社推荐了各种各样的好书,鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等
vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of=varieties of=various 多种多样的
8.worthwhile adj.重要的;令人愉快的;有趣的;值得(花时间、金钱、努力等)的;有价值的,有益的;值得做的 (worthy adj.值得……的 worth adj.值得的;有……价值;值……钱 n.价值)
先运用　单句语法填空/一句多译
①It is worthwhile making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
②参观我校正举办的太空探索成就展是非常值得的。
→The exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school is worth visiting.(worth adj.)
→It is worthwhile visiting/to visit the exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school.(worthwhile adj.)
→The exhibition of space exploration achievements being held in our school is worthy of being visited/to be visited.(worthy adj.)
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)It is worthwhile doing sth/to do sth 做某事是值得的
(2)be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得被做
(3)be worthy 值得被做
9.more than 超过;多于
先运用　补全句子/翻译句子
①She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.
当她的儿子再次撒谎时,她与其说生气倒不如说伤心。
②Fishing is more than a sport;it’s an art.
钓鱼不只是一项运动,它也是一门艺术。
③得知你们在组织这项活动,我非常乐意申请参加。(动词-ing短语形式作状语;more than)
Learning that you are organizing this activity,I am more than happy to apply for joining in it.
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)more than+数词或从句 超过……
more than+形容词 非常……
more than+名词 不只是;不仅是
no more than 只不过;仅仅
not more than 不超过;至多
(2)more A than B结构意为“与其说B不如说A”,强调 more后面的内容,表示同一个人或事物的两种特征作对比,more表示程度,than连接两个并列成分,其后常用省略形式。
10.the+序数词+n.+to do... 第几个做……
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来,苏联致力于把人送入太空,1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
先运用　单句语法填空/补全句子
①It is known to all that Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to travel (travel) into space.
②As far as I know,Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident.
③Personally,I think I am the best person to take up the job.(申请信)
就个人而言,我认为我是做这个工作的最佳人选。
④We seized the golden chance to climb the ladder and through it we got into the helicopter.(浙江7月卷)
我们抓住了爬上梯子的黄金时机,然后通过梯子进入直升机。
后牢记　用法归纳
(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only,the very修饰时,常用不定式作定语。
(2)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物,一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后,即作后置定语。
(3)有些抽象名词后也常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability,chance,ambition,attempt等。
[应用文增分练]——“我对太空探索的理解”主题征文
根据提示,用本主题词汇或句式完成下面的写作。
　　你校英文报正在组织题为“My Understanding of Space Exploration”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,内容包括: 1.太空探索的重要性; 2.你的理由。
My Understanding of Space Exploration
Space exploration is worthwhile.1.It is crucial for mankind (它对人类至关重要).Firstly,it helps us understand the universe better.Through space exploration,we can 2.discover distant planets (发现遥远的行星) and possibly find new forms of life.It can also lead to technological advancements.For example,research on spacecraft and rockets may 3.result in new inventions that are beneficial to our daily lives (产生对我们日常生活有益的新发明).Secondly,it may help us solve global problems.We may find new resources in space to meet our needs.In conclusion,we should 4.carry on space exploration with enthusiasm (继续满怀热情地进行太空探索).
[读后续写提升练]——根据提示续写2场景
场景导语:探险家Tom热爱探险→一天,他踏入丛林深处冒险→迷路,面临生存的挑战→寻找食物、解决导航问题→尝试与一群活泼的猴子交流,希望能找到出路……
场景续写1:让他感到惊奇的是,猴子反应友好(出于善意,给他水果等)→跟随猴子学习→取得进展(学会找水源、可食用的食物)→Tom恢复体力,有了希望
To his surprise, the monkeys responded to him friendly.They seemed intrigued by his attempts to communicate and even brought him some fruits, apparently as a gesture of goodwill.Tom gratefully accepted the offerings, realizing that these monkeys could potentially be his lifeline.Over the next few days, he followed the monkeys, learning from their behavior and survival skills in the jungle.They led him to water sources and edible fruits, helping him sustain his strength.The experience was surreal, but it gave Tom hope and renewed energy to continue his struggle for survival.
场景续写2:走出丛林看到一个小村庄→Tom及村民的反应→解释情况→村民热情帮助→探险感悟
As Tom stepped out of the jungle, he was greeted by the sight of a small village. Relief flooded through his body as he realized he had finally found civilization.Weak and exhausted, he stumbled towards the nearest hut.Villagers gathered around him, their faces filled with curiosity.Tom explained his situation, and they offered him food, shelter, and clothing.As he rested and recovered, he reflected on his journey.Despite the hardships and near-death experiences, Tom felt a sense of accomplishment.He had survived the jungle, thanks to his resilience, courage, and an unlikely alliance with a group of monkeys.
　　(2022·全国甲卷B篇)Goffin’s cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment,cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.Inserting the correct“key” would let out the nut.
In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age,but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”.In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition alone.Where trial-and-error was used,the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step,according to the researchers,is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索),or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——自然生态——戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉
24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A.By following instructions.
B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around.
D.By removing the lid.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的“the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage”和第二段第三句“In the experiment,Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job...”可知,戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具,故选B项。]
25.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A.Using a key to unlock a door.
B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole.
D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In humans,babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age...”可知,人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写,故选C项。]
26.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A.How far they are able to see.
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知,研究人员下一步将设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状,故选D项。]
27.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers
B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers
D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
答案　D　[标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是文章第一段中的“Goffin’s cockatoos...have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.”可推知,本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉:熟练的形状分类者”最适合作本文的标题,故选D项。]
[理文脉]
[再利用]
(一)由文本积重点词汇
1.native adj. 本地出生的,出生地的
2.shape-recognition n. 形状识别
3.keyhole n. 锁眼,钥匙孔
4.geometric adj. 几何图形的;几何的,几何学的
5.insert v. 插入,嵌入
6.trial-and-error n. 反复试验,不断摸索
7.indicate v. 表明,标示;象征,暗示
8.possess v. 拥有,持有
9.entirely adv. 全部地,完全地
10.unlock vt. (用钥匙)开……的锁
11.follow-up adj. 进一步的
12.in the wild 在野外,在自然环境下
13.be presented with 得到;被赠送
14.let out 放出;泄露;出租
15.in most cases 在大多数情况下
16.a sense of touch 触觉
17.make a selection 作出选择
(二)由文本辨熟词生义
keep [熟义] v.保有;保存;保留
[生义] v.养,饲养
My grandmother kept chickens in her back yard.
(三)由文本学长难句分析
This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”.
分析:本句为主从复合句。句子的主干部分为This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”。to recognize that a shape...before it will fit 作后置定语修饰ability,其中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句,作recognize的宾语,而这个从句中又包含一个由 before引导的时间状语从句。
句意:这种可以认识到需要将某个形状朝特定方向转动才能匹配的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Frying French fries in space may be possible,according to a recent study by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece.
On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy (浮力).Gravity makes sure that the oil stays in the cooker,and buoyancy allows the bubbles that come out of the fries to travel upward so that the fries are cooked.In space,which is under microgravity,there is no buoyancy.So scientists for long believed that frying wasn’t possible.
The research team first designed a sealed container that could fry the potato safely in zero gravity and then took the researchers on a ride.The plane climbed up,and then,at a certain point,headed down just like a roller coaster.There were about 20 seconds of microgravity when the plane reached the highest point,during which the team did tests.
To their surprise,the fries were cooked,and the bubbles were able to escape.When the potato was fried,the water inside the potato turned into vapor (水蒸气).The vapor created pressure when released from the potato.The pressure inside the potato allowed the bubbles to go out and let the oil come in,according to the research paper.It showed that “frying can occur in space”.
This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French fries in “space”.Early in 2014,a group of researchers conducted studies under various gravity.The agency’s large centrifuge (离心机) can create artificial gravity from 1g to 20g,with “g” referring to the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.It has four arms and can spin fast.During the spin,things held by the arm are under centrifugal force,which is the source of artificial gravity.The fries were cooked under different gravity from 1g to 9g.
They discovered that the French fries had the most crispy (脆的) chips under 3g.It’s interesting to mention that Jupiter’s gravity is 2.4 times that of Earth’s gravity.So,French fries may have the perfect taste if cooked on Jupiter,compared with other planets in the solar system.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——在太空炸薯条成为可能
1.What may make frying French Fries possible in space
A.The release of bubbles.
B.The transformation of gravity.
C.The reduction of vapor.
D.The accumulation of buoyancy.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“On Earth,we have gravity and buoyancy(浮力)...so that the fries are cooked.”可知,地球上的重力和浮力能够确保炸薯条的制作。再根据第四段“The vapor created pressure...‘frying can occur in space’.”可知,水蒸气产生的压力可以使薯条中的气泡散发出来,故选A项。]
2.Why did the plane head down like a roller coaster
A.To make a weightless sense.
B.To get appropriate pressure.
C.To test the seal of the container.
D.To create experiment conditions.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The plane climbed up...the team did tests.”可知,飞机像过山车一样俯冲的目的是创造试验条件,故选D项。]
3.What is the purpose of mentioning the studies conducted in 2014
A.To show the function of the centrifuge.
B.To find common ground of various experiments.
C.To prove the perfect taste of French fries on Jupiter.
D.To offer more evidence about cooking French fries in space.
答案　D　[写作意图题。根据第五段中的“This isn’t the first attempt for scientists to deep-fry French in‘space’.”可知,这不是科学家首次企图在“太空”中炸薯条。由此可知,下文中提到2014年进行的研究的目的是提供更多关于在太空中炸薯条的证据,故选D项。]
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.A science magazine.
B.A cook book.
C.A food advertisement.
D.A travel brochure.
答案　A　[文章出处题。结合全文,尤其是根据第一段“Frying French fries in space...Thessaloniki,Greece.”可知,文章主要介绍了希腊一所大学最近的一项有关在太空炸薯条的研究,因此本文最可能选自一本科学杂志,故选A项。]
(2025·南京高三二模)
“Palace,Mountain,Moon ” has been selected by NASA as the Astronomical Picture of the Day for December 25,2023.
The photo was taken by Valerio,a young photographer of Turin,Italy.It was shot on the evening of December 15,2023.While he knew about NASA’s competition,he hadn’t considered participating until he received much encouragement from his social media followers.Soon after,he received the message,“Your image has been chosen as the astronomical photo of the day.” It was incredible!
In a photo like this,nothing is left to luck.The concept came to him back in 2017.Walking on the hills north of Turin,he found several spots perfect for including both the Basilica of Superga and Mountain Monviso.After numerous visits over several months,he identified four spots where Superga and Monviso line up just right.
After pinpointing these locations,he experimented with shooting them at different times.“I knew I needed something special to perfect the photo.The Sun was a no-go place,so I turned to the Moon.Its various phases and positions reach an azimuth angle (方位角) of 230 degrees,” Valerio said.With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases,marked potential dates on the calendar,and planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue.
It was very successful,especially because the Moon was in a waxing phase.This meant that in the photo,not only was its crescent (新月) lit up,but so was the left part,its shadowed side.That part is lit by reflected light,also known as the Da Vinci glow,named after him because he was the one who theorized about why the Moon’s shadowed side is brightened.During the early days of the waxing Moon phases,the shadowed part is visible because the Sun’s light reflects off the Earth and hits the Moon’s shadowed side,giving it a greyish,silvery color.This allowed the light to outline Monviso on the left as well.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——一张被NASA选中的天文照片
5.Why did Valerio send the photo to NASA
A.He took an interest in astronomical advances.
B.He expected to create an impact on social media.
C.He received broad support from enthusiastic fans.
D.He wished to make his hometown a tourist hot spot.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While he knew about NASA’s competition...much encouragement from his social media followers.”可知,Valerio把照片发给美国国家航空和航天局是因为有热情粉丝的广泛支持,故选C项。]
6.In Valerio’s photo,the three objects 　　　　.
A.shine light on each other
B.stand in a straight line
C.fit each other in size
D.vary from the usual in color
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he identified four spots...line up just right”和第四段中的“planned the exact moments when the moon could join the queue”可知,Valerio有计划地找到了照片中三个物体位于一条直线上的时机,故选B项。]
7.What did Valerio do to prepare for the perfect photo
A.Studying how the Moon phase changes.
B.Calculating the Superga-Monviso distance.
C.Analyzing when to adjust the camera angle.
D.Measuring the height of the observation point.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的描述“With this in mind,he researched the Moon’s phases”可知,为了拍出一张完美的照片,Valerio研究了月相的变化,故选A项。]
8.What was lit up by the Da Vinci glow
A.The outline of the crescent.
B.The outline of Superga.
C.The dark side of the Moon.
D.The shadowed side of the Earth.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“not only was its crescent (新月) lit up...Moon’s shadowed side is brightened”可知,达·芬奇辉光照亮了月球的暗面,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·山东日照一中二模)
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.　1　Here are some ways you can beef up your home security in hurricane weather,even if you need to move out.
　2　That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood (胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood,measure your windows and use brackets (支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm,many people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing sandbags.　3　 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings inside your home,so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should also keep an eye on the outside of your house,too.Trim (修剪) trees,especially dead branches,to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane.　4　
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.　5　Also,there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and your home is broken into right after a bad storm,having pictures and detailed notes about what was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A.You should have a camera at home.
B.It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D.You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E.They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F.It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G.These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
语篇类型:说明文
主题语境:人与自然——灾害防范——飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法
1.G　[根据上文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和下文“Here are some ways you can beef up...if you need to move out.”可知,此处是指飓风会对生命财产造成损害,所以选项G“这些危险的风暴会给你的房屋和财物带来损害。”切合文意。故选G。]
2.D　[根据下文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知,“That”是指前文中提到的人们面对飓风的保护措施,所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风来之前用胶带粘住窗户。”切合文意。故选D。]
3.E　[根据下文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able to damage the belongings”可知,此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面,所以选项E“在许多情况下,它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”切合文意。故选E。]
4.C　[根据上文“Trim (修剪) trees,especially dead branches...during a hurricane.”可知,此处是指防止庭院里有松动的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏,所以选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”切合文意。故选C。]
5.F　[根据上文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知,此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿,所以选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换,这样会给你的保险公司提供帮助。”切合文意。故选F。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·潍坊高三一模)
My long-distance cycling career of 13 years and 35,000 kilometres ended as I approached 75.Although I am now no longer strong enough to 　1　 the long days and big climbs,day in and day out,I have my memories.
The road behind is just memories,some soon to be forgotten,others to be 　2　 and enhanced with the retelling.A 6000-kilometre cross-country ride initially appears 　3　,but,once done,it is simply done,much like the challenges that life 　4　.
Real 　5　 would come when I was alone on my bicycle.I enjoyed meeting and even 　6　 the daily targets I had set for myself.I enjoyed the technical challenges faced by tire bursts and loose handlebars,but 　7　 not at that time.I loved cycling with a strong tailwind pushing me along and hated 　8　 into a strong headwind.I loved striking up conversations with a diversity of people and sincerely appreciated the support and comfort they 　9　.
Long distance cycling brings unbearable exhaustion,long hours of anxiety,even fear and desperation,but these 　10　 into insignificance,compared to the joy and 　11　 of climbing huge mountains or seeing fantastic sights for the first time.The experiences add newness and 　12　 to my life and the memories are 　13　.
Most importantly,cycling taught me to know myself better.It eventually dawned on me that I had more 　14　 and courage than I ever imagined.The self-awareness and long-lasting memories will give me enormous 　15　 as I carry on my life journey.
语篇类型:记叙文
主题语境:人与自然——人与环境——远程骑行的经历及感受
1.A.appreciate B.choose
C.expect D.stand
答案　D　[根据上文“I am now no longer strong enough”可知,作者已经75岁了,没有足够的体力去承受长时间的攀爬,故选D项。]
2.A.treasured B.explored
C.created D.discussed
答案　A　[根据空后的“enhanced”以及上文“some soon to be forgotten”可推测,空处是一种比较,有些记忆会忘记,而有些则被珍藏,故选A项。]
3.A.boring B.annoying
C.confusing D.discouraging
答案　D　[根据空前的“initially”以及下文“but,once done,it is simply done”可知,6 000公里的骑行,最初听起来好像让人望而却步,但是一旦完成也就仅仅如此,故选D项。]
4.A.overcomes B.greets
C.throws D.ignores
答案　C　[根据先行词“the challenges”以及从句主语“life”可推测,这些挑战是生活加在我们身上的,故选C项。]
5.A.loneliness B.joy
C.convenience D.panic
答案　B　[根据下文“I enjoyed meeting and even...and loose handlebars,but 　　　　not at that time.”中的“enjoy”可知,这些都是作者所喜爱的,由此可知,作者骑行时感到的是真正的快乐,故选B项。]
6.A.making B.changing
C.beating D.finalizing
答案　C　[句意:我喜欢达到甚至超过我为自己设定的每日目标。根据上文的“meeting”以及空前的“even”可推测,空处指的是比“meeting”更进一步,那么自然是超过自己所定的目标,故选C项。]
7.A.reasonably B.admittedly
C.fortunately D.hopefully
答案　B　[句意:我很享受爆胎和车把松动带来的技术挑战,但我承认,我并不希望这些事情发生。根据空前的“but”可知,作者想承认的是享受那种技术挑战,但是处理挑战时并不好受,故选B项。]
8.A.battling B.slipping
C.falling D.wandering
答案　A　[句意:我喜欢在强劲的顺风推动下骑行,讨厌顶着强劲的逆风艰难前行。根据上文“I loved cycling with a strong tailwind pushing me along”可知,作者喜欢顺风骑行,那么相对的,作者讨厌的是逆风而上的艰难,故选A项。]
9.A.owned B.offered
C.mentioned D.promised
答案　B　[根据先行词“the support and comfort”可推测,作者感激的是这些人给自己提供的支持和安慰,故选B项。]
10.A.fit B.pale
C.run D.back
答案　B　[句意:长途骑行带来了难以忍受的疲惫,长时间的焦虑,甚至恐惧和绝望,但与攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙风景的喜悦和满足感相比,这些都显得微不足道。考查短语:pale into insignificance,意为“显得微不足道”,符合句意,故选B项。]
11.A.reflection B.anticipation
C.satisfaction D.motivation
答案　C　[根据空前的“joy”以及上文的“insignificance”可推测,作者认为攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙风景会给自己带来愉悦和满足,故选C项。]
12.A.secrets B.rules
C.decisions D.dimensions
答案　D　[句意:这些经历为我的生活增添了新鲜感和维度,这些记忆令人难忘。根据空前“newness”以及句意可知,这些骑行的经历给作者的生活增添了维度,故选D项。]
13.A.reliable B.flexible
C.inaccessible D.unforgettable
答案　D　[根据上文“The road behind is just memories,some soon to be forgotten,others to be 　　　　and enhanced with the retelling.”可推测,这些经历常常被再次想起提及,由此可知,这些经历是令人难忘的,故选D项。]
14.A.toughness B.curiosity
C.imagination D.wisdom
答案　A　[根据上文“Long distance cycling brings...seeing fantastic sights for the first time.”可知,远途骑行需要韧性也需要勇气,而作者通过骑行的经历意识到自己具备这样的韧性和勇气,故选A项。]
15.A.insight B.knowledge
C.power D.admiration
答案　C　[根据上文“It eventually dawned on me that I had more 　　　　and courage than I ever imagined.”可知,作者意识到自己比想象中更具有韧性和勇气,而这种认知的提升给了作者继续人生旅程所需要的力量,故选C项。]
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·吉林高三第四次模拟)
The Shenzhou XVI crew members shared their space stories with the public after the 1.　　　　　　 (five) crewed mission to the space station 2.　　　　　　 (involve) China’s first civilian astronaut.
“I felt particularly happy to fly with the diverse crew members,which 3.　　　　　　 the first time included a pilot,an engineer,and a payload specialist,” Major General Jing Haipeng,57,said at 4.　　　　　　 news conference held in Beijing.
Jing also revealed that,unlike his previous space missions,he actually gained weight by the end of this one.“We strictly followed our exercise and dietary plans,which is 5.　　　　　　 our physical and mental conditions were 6.　　　　　　 (exception) good.”
Flight engineer Zhu Yangzhu said that his primary 7.　　　　　　 (responsible) were assembling and maintaining the space station’s equipment and the greatest challenge was to ensure “zero mistakes in daily operations” during the five-month mission.
Professor Gui Haichao said he was so proud,as the first civilian astronaut 8.　　　　　　 (enter) China’s own space station and conduct 9.　　　　　　 (science) research in space.
Jing also expressed his long-lasting passion for his career.“Since 2003,Chinese astronauts 10.　　　　　　 (advance) steadily,step by step,and will explore with greater courage and wisdom to realize even bigger dreams,” he said.
语篇类型:新闻报道
主题语境:人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索——太空经历与感受
1.fifth　[考查数词。空处修饰名词mission,表示“第五次”,应用序数词形式,故填fifth。]
2.involving　[考查非谓语动词。空处所在句谓语动词为shared,所以空处应用非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面的名词mission,表示“包含中国首位非军人航天员的任务”。involve与其逻辑主语mission之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以应用现在分词形式,故填involving。]
3.for　[考查介词。固定搭配“for the first time”表示“第一次”,故填for。]
4.the　[考查冠词。这里特指在北京举行的新闻发布会,应用定冠词,故填the。]
5.why　[考查表语从句。空前的which引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语,is是定语从句的系动词,故空处引导表语从句。空前提到“我们严格遵循我们的锻炼和饮食计划”,所以此处表示“这就是为什么我们的身心状态特别好”,故填why。]
6.exceptionally　[考查词性转换。空处需要用副词修饰形容词good,故填exceptionally。]
7.responsibilities　[考查词性转换和名词的数。空前的that引导宾语从句,从句谓语动词是were,空处应用名词的复数形式作主语,故填responsibilities。]
8.to enter　[考查非谓语动词。空前名词astronaut由序数词the first修饰,因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。这里表示“作为首位进入中国自己的空间站的非军人航天员”,故填to enter。]
9.scientific　[考查词性转换。空处需要用形容词修饰名词research,故填scientific。]
10.have been advancing/have advanced　[考查时态和主谓一致。空处所在句主语是可数名词的复数形式astronauts,空处在句中作谓语,此处表示“中国航天员稳步前进”。根据时间状语“Since 2003”可知,此处应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的行为,故填have been advancing/have advanced。]
Ⅴ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·山东肥城高三适应性考试)
Sometimes things may seem beyond our efforts,but keep on and you will find beautiful views in front of you.
I was on my second outdoor experience trip that every student had to go on. That year,we had a choice of what difficulty level we wanted:one through five. My friends and I had agreed that one would make us seem lazy and that challenging ourselves would make for a good story. In choosing level two,we believed that it would still be a fun experience.
We were quickly proven wrong.
The further we drove into the White Mountains,the higher the walls on either side of the winding highway grew. I was still in awe of the mountains I had seen so many times before,but I couldn’t help feeling my heart shaking with anxiety. Soon I would have to leave the school bus that brought 50 students out into the wilderness like every year before.
My group consisted of my friends,Riley and Ann,and six extremely athletic boys. We arrived at base camp lodge (木屋) first. After putting things aside and rearranging our bags,we made our way out into the wilderness.
The three of us girls were questioning if this was really a level two. The path was unbelievably steep (陡峭) and rocky toward the top of the mountain where the first hut was located. We were practically jogging in an attempt to keep up with the boys ahead of us.Before the trip,we were told to take breaks as often as we needed to drink water,but that wasn’t helping our pounding hearts and heavy breathing as much as it should have.
Then,30 minutes into the most difficult hike the three of us had ever done,Riley slipped and landed on her knee. After a few moments,we turned back down the mountain as it was decided that Riley could not make the trip with us. We sat on the grass outside the lodge where we had started while Riley was brought inside to join the level one group. Ann and I exchanged breathless glances,our cheeks red and wet with sweat.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
“Do you think we should ask if we could join the level one group too ” I asked Ann.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The next days,although extremely tired,we kept on.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
“Do you think we should ask if we could join the level one group too ” I asked Ann. “I know you won’t,” she breathed out. “I won’t!” I said to myself,looking at the awesome mountains in the distance. Then we started up the steep and rocky path again,attempting to keep up with the boys.Our bags felt heavier;legs burned;backs hurt;tears threatened to spill over our sweat-covered eyes. I wanted nothing more than to turn back and leave right then and there.But,I couldn’t;I didn’t want to be someone who gave up easily.
The next days,although extremely tired,we kept on. Ann and I still found ourselves lagging behind the boys. Instead of embarrassment,I felt as though I was gaining more out of the trip than anyone else. As the boys ran,Ann and I hung back and took breaks,drinking water and admiring the deep green valleys from high above. Level two was fun,too. And eventually we made it to the destination. Facing the beautiful views in front of us,I exchanged a glance with Ann,both of us beaming.

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