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【素养测评】高二下学期英语期末仿真模拟卷--北京卷（二）
答题卡
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选择题(请用2B铅笔填涂)
非选择题(请在各试题的答题区内作答)
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【素养测评】高二下学期英语期末仿真模拟卷--北京卷（二)
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
My running coach McGarry taught us we could always withstand(承受)more. It wasn’t until much later that I 1 all that he meant.
An accident had left him in a 2 . What he always said when we seemed unable to continue was “You can always withstand more.”
I headed for college in northern New England. Then I went to work in Rwanda, land of a thousand hills. Working there was a great 3 me because I was a flatlander(平地居民). Over the years it was running that sustained me.
For years I’d planned to write to Mr. McGarry and thank him for his 4 impact on my life. But the incidents in my daily life 5 me. One day, word came that he had died unexpectedly. Yet the sad news 6 for me his encouragement to dig deeper within ourselves.
Three years ago, caught in a 7 in my life, I flew to Greenland. Greenland was facing a severe crisis: climate change is destroying traditional livelihood of a population so 8 on ice for survival and communities have to create a new way of life.
I started a run on the hills of Greenland’s capital. Cold rain pattered on my arms. That’s when I was 9 by another more important lesson Mr. McGarry had taught me. I realized that he was training us to change our lives, to turn over a new leaf. A disastrous injury had 10 him unable to run, but he managed to influence another generation of runners as a coach.
1．A．held B．remembered C．grasped D．rejected
2．A．nursery B．bed C．car D．wheelchair
3．A．bonus B．challenge C．blessing D．gain
4．A．positive B．negative C．enthusiastic D．pessimistic
5．A．inspired B．arrested C．hired D．stopped
6．A．recalled B．reviewed C．reformed D．reflected
7．A．stage B．state C．dilemma D．situation
8．A．focused B．dependent C．based D．keen
9．A．impressed B．cheated C．beaten D．struck
10．A．pushed B．found C．left D．proved
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Starbrook has been a keen swimmer for almost 80 years, ever since he 11 (leave) school at the end of World War II. As a young man, he raced butterfly at the national swimming championships. He didn’t win anything, 12 he had a lot of fun and never lost his love of the water. When he turned 80, he celebrated by swimming a mile or so across the Gulf of Corryvreckan. He still swims three times a week, which is 13 keeps him healthy and active.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The next morning, the two girls 14 (arise) early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies. 15 (see) from the train window, the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise. Then they took a coach bound north 16 the Canadian Rockcs to Jasper. 17 (look) at the the beautiful scenery, they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. The new study, published today in the journal Nature Geoscience, is a major step toward clearing up the complex physics behind boomerang quakes and understanding their potential damage.
The latest boomerang was recorded near the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the position of the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This second leg of the quake moved remarkably quickly, at so-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hour—fast enough to dart from New York to London in 18. 5 minutes, so fast that it caused the geologic version of a sonic boom.
How often does this happen A boomerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team observed in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence of boomerang quakes is mounting. These back-tracking events have been studied in computer models as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The theory says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult to see that [in the real world], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamoto also seems to have ruptured (破裂) in a similar process. For that event, the initial shake triggered two other quakes, one of which raced backward to partially overlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas, ”says Hicks.
These boomerangs maybe obscured by conventional approaches used to analyze quakes, which are based on an assumption that a quake rushes in one direction. “Naturally we’re not looking for it, we don’t expect it to exist,” Hicks says. Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.”
18．A boomerang earthquake differs from other quakes because ________.
A．it moves at a super-fast speed
B．it triggers several small quakes
C．it releases immeasurable energy
D．it shakes in two opposite directions
19．From the passage, we can learn that _________.
A．the coming of the next boomerang can be predicted
B．boomerangs are too complex to be fully understood
C．boomerang events are commonplace in the real world
D．common methods are reliable in analyzing boomerangs
20．What does the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．putting off B．coping with
C．bringing about D．fighting against
B
If you’re an English learner or an English speaker looking to widen your vocabulary, a good dictionary app is a must.
Merriam-Webster
Merriam-Webster is a well-known and highly trusted dictionary. The app provides quality definitions, audio pronunciations and usage examples. It even lets you search for words by speaking them! This feature is perfect when you hear a word you don’t understand but aren’t sure how it’s written.
Oxford Dictionary of English
The Oxford Dictionary of English app is a comprehensive and reliable resource for English language reference. The app provides clear and concise definitions, along with audio pronunciations and example sentences. You can also access synonyms, antonyms and word origins. Additionally, the app offers offline functionality, allowing you to access the dictionary even without an internet connection.
Vocabulary.com
The Vocabulary.com dictionary app is excellent for English learners because it has very easy-to-understand definitions. The site says it’s “as if your favorite teacher were explaining it to you.” Each definition has explanations of what the word means and also when and how you would use it. It even turns learning into a game by letting you earn points!
FluentU
FluentU takes real-world videos and turns them into personalized language learning lessons. It uses a natural approach that helps you ease into the English language and culture over time. You’ll learn English as it’s spoken in real life. The best part is that FluentU keeps track of the vocabulary that you’re learning and gives you extra practice with difficult words. It even reminds you when it’s time to review!
21．Merriam-Webster app can help English learners ________.
A．find right words to speak perfect English
B．search for a word even without an internet connection
C．learn difficult words by practicing more and reviewing
D．look for a word when they are unsure about its spelling
22．Which dictionary app proves English learners with simple definitions and interesting learning
A．Merriam-Webster. B．Oxford Dictionary of English.
C．Vocabulary.com. D．FluentU.
23．What’s the main purpose of this passage
A．To recommend useful dictionary apps.
B．To give suggestions on English learning.
C．To offer advice on how to use a dictionary app.
D．To introduce the sources of English vocabulary.
C
In early 2018, I was training for the London Marathon—the first and only marathon I would ever run in my life. I had treated myself to an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits.
At the end of my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology.
It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it The point was to be better.
In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing.
What has become very clear to me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely love doing them. I run around my local park with a silly little smile on my face. I love it so much. But I do not love running quickly. I do not like races. I do not want to be pushed to be faster. Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards-clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face.
I am better. Or sometimes I am worse. But either way I’m slowly plodding along, and that’s good enough.
24．The author cried after the final training run because she ________.
A．had to stop working out B．became physically worn out
C．lost the data on the watch D．felt a sharp pain in the legs
25．The author used to view exercise tracking as ________.
A．a fun hobby for enjoyment B．a strong need for recognition
C．a method of escaping punishment D．a way of being a better runner
26．What does “being better” mean to the author now
A．Getting pleasure out of winning races. B．Being more focused on her life goal.
C．Freeing herself from demanding tasks. D．Improving her overall well-being.
27．What can we conclude from this passage
A．Adjustment brings happiness. B．Passion is the key to success.
C．Sports contribute to happiness. D．Success equals self-improvement.
D
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades, a new study suggests. Adolescents who routinely engaged in light to intense exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance, the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activity may be quite large,” John Reilly, a professor at the University of Strathclyde said. The researchers looked at a sample of about 5000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U. K. between 2004 and 2005. When children reached 11 years old, their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days. The device, similar to a pedometer (计步器) tracking the number of steps taken, recorded the average time children exercised, which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr. Reilly noted. The children had their academic performance tested at ages 1 1 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students, and also at 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam. The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English, math and science subjects. The results showed that the more children participated in light to intense physical activity, the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects. For girls, science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13, their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old. By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam, each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores. Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score, especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be derived if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
28．What’s the study about
A．The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
B．The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
C．The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D．The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
29．What can we learn from the study
A．Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B．Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C．Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D．More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
30．What does the underlined word “derived” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Maintained. B．Reduced. C．Concluded. D．Obtained.
31．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To emphasize the importance of exercise.
B．To explain the academic difference between boys and girls.
C．To present a method to improve children’s academic performance.
D．To introduce a study on the relevance between exercise and academic benefits.
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it 32 This phenomenon has important implications when it comes to understanding how people learn.
Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks. 33 Researchers believe this is because of the deeper level of cognitive (认知的) engagement involved in the process of creating new words.
Teachers and instructors need to be aware of the role the generation effect can play in the classroom. Students who just receive written material they can read may not understand it as fully as students who engage with it by taking notes, completing writing exercises, and so forth. 34 Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spell the words.
35 If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material. 36
In a word, it all boils down to active learning versus passive learning. Spending a few minutes actively producing content may just be the thing you were missing in your learning routine.
A．That’s called the Generation Effect.
B．For students, the generation effect can also be important.
C．When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better.
D．A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students.
E．The simple act of writing can trigger(激发) the generation effect and help the students perform better on examinations.
F．They will find that actively using new information may create relationships between tasks in examinations.
G．The process of generating content may initiate some particular encoding (编码) processes that do not happen when simply reading.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题,共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分）
The Power and Problems of Eco-Tourism
Eco-tourism gained its popularity over the past two decades. At its core, eco-tourism promotes sustainable travel practices that benefit local communities and protect the environment. However, like any significant trend, it is vital to analyze its impact and understand both its merits (好处) and potential shortcomings.
Eco-tourism emerged as a response to the damaging effects of mass tourism. Coastal towns were being transformed into commercial centers, but the luxury resorts rarely invested back into the community. Over time, ecosystems suffered, local cultures were overshadowed, and the very essence of these destinations was at risk. On the other hand, eco-tourism focuses on smaller groups, environmental education, and local engagement.
One of the primary merits of eco-tourism is its emphasis on environmental conservation. It helps protect endangered species and reforest areas affected by deforestation. Take the mountain gorillas of Rwanda for instance, tourism income has played a crucial role in their conservation efforts, bringing them back from the edge of extinction.
Furthermore, eco-tourism often ensures that local communities benefit economically. Instead of leaving profits to international corporations, the income often stays within the community. Local artisans, guides, and service providers receive a more significant piece of the pie, ensuring that tourism acts as a tool for socio-economic growth.
Yet, eco-tourism is not without its problems. The term “eco-tourism” is sometimes misused or overused. Some businesses might claim themselves as “eco-friendly” purely as a marketing strategy, without truly making sustainable practices.
In conclusion, eco-tourism represents a significant change towards more sustainable travel, placing emphasis on the environment and local communities. However, as with any major movement, it’s essential to approach it with a critical eye. By doing so, we can ensure that our passion for travelling doesn’t come at the cost of our planet or its inhabitants, but rather enriches both the traveler and the destination.
37．How has eco-tourism impacted the mountain gorillas of Rwanda
38．What are the merits of eco-tourism
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Eco-tourism places emphasis on the environment and local communities, ensuring that our passion for travelling comes at the cost of our planet and its inhabitants.
40．Do you believe eco-tourism is a sustainable way to promote tourism without causing harm Why or why not (In about 40 words)
第二节（共20分）
41．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的学校打算为外国留学生举办世界非物质文化遗产展示周（World Intangible(无形的，非物质的) Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week）活动，需要招募志愿者去介绍中国非物质文化遗产，你写信申请参加。 内容包括：1. 你对此次活动的看法；2. 陈述申请担任志愿者的理由。
注意：
1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C D B A D A C B D C
题号 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
答案 D B B D C A C D D A
题号 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
答案 B C D D A C D B E T
题号 38 39 40
答案 T E I
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的教练McGarry对作者人生的重要影响。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到很久以后，我才完全明白他的意思。A. held举行；B. remembered记得；C. grasped理解；D. rejected拒绝。根据上文“My running coach McGarry taught us we could always withstand ore.(我的跑步教练McGarry告诉我们，我们总是可以承受的)”此处指作者很久以后才理解教练说的话，应用grasp。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场事故使他坐在轮椅上。A. nursery托儿所；B. bed床；C. car汽车；D. wheelchair轮椅。根据上文“An accident had left him in a”以及选项，可知是事故让他受伤，坐了轮椅。后文“him unable to run”也是提示。故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里工作对我来说是一个巨大的挑战，因为我是一个平地人。A. bonus奖金；B. challenge挑战；C. blessing祝福；D. gain获得。根据上文“Then I went to work in Rwanda, land of a thousand hills.(然后我去了卢旺达工作，那是一个千山之国)”可知，作者去的地方山很多，而作者是生活在平地上的人，所以是巨大的挑战。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我一直计划给麦克加里先生写信，感谢他对我生活的“积极”影响。A. positive积极的；B. negative消极的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据上文“Over the years it was running that sustained me.(这么多年来，是跑步支撑着我)”可知，作者写信给教练感谢对自己的积极影响。故选A。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我日常生活中的事件阻止了我。A. inspired鼓舞；B. arrested逮捕；C. hired雇用；D. stopped停止。根据上文“But the incidents in my daily life”中but表示转折，可推测作者的日常琐事阻止了作者写信。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这个悲伤的消息让我想起了他的鼓励，让我更深入地挖掘自己。A. recalled回想起；B. reviewed复习；C. reformed改革；D. reflected反思。根据后文“for me his encouragement”可知，教练去世的消息让作者想起了他的鼓励。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：三年前，我陷入了人生的困境，我飞到了格陵兰岛。A. stage阶段；B. state状态；C. dilemma困境；D. situation情况。根据上文“dig deeper within ourselves”可推测作者是因为遇到了困境，才想去格陵兰岛挖掘自己。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：格陵兰岛正面临着一场严重的危机：气候变化正在摧毁依赖冰生存的人口的传统生计，社区必须创造一种新的生活方式。A. focused集中；B. dependent依赖的；C. based以……为基础的；D. keen渴望的。根据后文“on ice for survival and communities have to create a new way of life”可知，之前格陵兰岛的人口依赖冰生存。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我被麦克加里先生教给我的另一个更重要的教训打动了。A. impressed使印象深刻；B. cheated欺骗；C. beaten打败；D. struck给（某人以…）印象。根据后文“by another more important lesson Mr. McGarry had taught me.”指被教练的另一个教训打动，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一场灾难性的伤病使他无法跑步，但他作为教练成功地影响了另一代跑步者。A. pushed推；B. found找到；C. left让…处于；D. proved证明。根据后文“him unable to run”可知，指一场灾难性的伤病使他无法跑步，应用leave+宾语+形容词结构。故选C。
11．left 12．but 13．what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Starbrook游泳近80年，二战后开始。年轻时参加蝶泳比赛。80岁时横渡科里夫雷肯湾。现每周游三次，保持健康。
11．考查动词时态。句意：自二战结束离开学校以来，斯塔布鲁克热衷游泳已有近 80 年的历史。主句时态是现在完成时，因此since引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时。故填left。
12．考查连词。句意：虽然他没有赢得任何比赛，但他玩得很开心，而且从未失去对水的热爱。前句He didn’t win anything与后句he had a lot of fun and never lost his love of the water之间是转折关系，因此使用转折连词but连接两个句子。故填but。
13．考查表语从句。句意：他仍然每周游泳三次，这使他保持健康和活力。从句位于be动词is后，这是一个表语从句，且从句中缺少主语。同时which引导非限定性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，句子作主语，因此使用what引导表语从句。故填what。
14．arose 15．Seen 16．through 17．Looking
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两个女孩很早就起床，乘火车穿过加拿大落基山脉前往路易斯湖路上的风景。
14．考查时态。句意：第二天早上，两个女孩起得很早，乘火车穿过加拿大的落基山脉去路易斯湖。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填arose。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：从火车车窗望出去，加拿大的群山和森林看起来很广阔。从火车车窗望出去，加拿大的群山和森林看起来很广阔。句中已有谓语动词looked，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语the mountains and forests of Canada与see之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Seen。
16．考查介词。句意：然后他们坐了一辆向北的马车，穿过加拿大的岩石山脉到达贾斯珀。名词the Canadian Rockcs前用介词形式。根据句意，用介词through，表示“穿过”。故填through。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：看着美丽的风景，她们都认为这是她们有史以来最棒的一次旅行。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语agreed，空处填非谓语，look和they之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Looking。
18．D 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“回旋镖地震”的研究进展和潜在危害。这种地震的特点是在传播过程中会改变方向，产生更广泛的强烈震动。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The violence of shaking from an earthquake is usually focused in the direction the quake is traveling. But a boomerang quake may spread the intense shaking across a wider zone. (地震产生的强烈震动通常集中在地震传播的方向上。但回旋镖地震可能会将强烈的震动扩散到更大的区域。)”同时根据第二段中“By examining the position of the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismologist at the Imperial College London and first author of the new study, identified what seemed to be two steps of the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. (伦敦帝国理工学院(Imperial College London)的地震学家、这项新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬·希克斯(Stephen Hicks)通过研究震中的位置和每个震动阶段释放的能量，确定了地震的两个步骤：地震最初向东移动，但随后又向西转回。)”可知，一个回旋镖地震可能将强烈的震动传播到更广泛的区域，最新的回旋镖地震先向东移动，但随后又向西转回，因此回旋镖地震的震动方向会改变，先朝一个方向，然后转向相反的方向。因此，回旋镖地震与其他地震的主要区别在于它在两个相反的方向上震动。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet for earthquakes, it seems, complexities might be the norm rather than the exception. As Hicks puts it: “The more and more we look at earthquakes in more detail, of course we see stranger things.”(然而，对于地震来说，复杂性似乎是常态，而不是例外。正如希克斯所说：“我们对地震的观察越细致，当然就会看到更奇怪的东西。”)”可知，这表明回旋镖地震非常复杂，难以完全理解。故选B。
20．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Understanding when and why these boomerang events happen is vital to…(了解这些“回旋镖地震”事件发生的时间和原因对于……)”以及划线词后面的内容“... risks earthquakes present.(……存在地震风险。)”以及后文中“Studies like this help us understand how past earthquakes ruptured, how future earthquakes may rupture, and how that relates to the potential impact for faults (断层) near populated areas(这样的研究帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系)”可知，研究回旋镖地震帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系即研究回旋镖地震能够有助于我们处理或者解决目前地震存在的危险。故划线词与B选项“coping with(处理，解决)”为同义词。故选B。
21．D 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，分别阐述了它们的特点、功能和优势。旨在为读者提供关于这些英语学习工具的信息，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具。
21．细节理解题。根据文章Merriam-Webster中的“The app provides quality definitions, audio pronunciations and usage examples. It even lets you search for words by speaking them! This feature is perfect when you hear a word you don’t understand but aren’t sure how it’s written.(该应用程序提供了高质量的定义、音频发音和用法示例。它甚至可以让你通过说话来搜索单词！当你听到一个不理解但又不确定它是怎么写的单词时，这个功能是完美的。)”可知，Merriam-Webster应用允许用户通过说出单词来搜索单词，这在不确定单词的拼写时非常有用。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据文章Vocabulary.com中的“The Vocabulary.com dictionary app is excellent for English learners because it has very easy-to-understand definitions. The site says it’s “as if your favorite teacher were explaining it to you.” Each definition has explanations of what the word means and also when and how you would use it. It even turns learning into a game by letting you earn points!( Vocabulary.com词典应用程序非常适合英语学习者，因为它有非常容易理解的定义。该网站称，“就像你最喜欢的老师在给你解释一样。”每个定义都解释了这个词的意思，以及何时以及如何使用它。它甚至把学习变成了一种游戏，让你获得积分！)”可知，Vocabulary.com 词典应用为英语学习者提供了简单易懂的定义，并且将学习过程变得有趣。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you’re an English learner or an English speaker looking to widen your vocabulary, a good dictionary app is a must.(如果你是一个英语学习者或一个想要扩大词汇量的英语使用者，一个好的字典应用程序是必须的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四种不同的英语词典或学习应用，包括它们的特点、功能和优势，旨在为读者推荐这些有用的词典应用，以便他们根据自己的需求选择合适的工具来辅助英语学习。故选A。
24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end of my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself down on the floor the moment I got home, only to see my watch had failed me. Twenty-one miles briefly flashed on the screen before it went blank and disappeared for ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image of me crying on my living room floor pretty much sums up my relationship with exercise tracking technology.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里（34公里）长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。我在客厅地板上哭泣的悲惨画面基本上概括了我与运动追踪技术的关系)”可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be a total joy to watch your data change on running apps as you get stronger and faster. I once got a kick out of it, but at some point it became a stick I used to punish myself. I would watch my pace, compare it with other people’s or criticize myself for not doing it 30 seconds faster. I never really recognized exercise tracking as a problem. It seemed to me that tracking was the route to self-improvement, and the point was to improve, wasn’t it The point was to be better. (当你变得更强壮、更快时，看着你的数据在运行的应用程序上发生变化，这可能是一种完全的快乐。我曾经很喜欢它，但在某种程度上，它成了我用来惩罚自己的棍子。我会观察自己的速度，和别人比较，或者批评自己没有快30秒。我从未真正意识到运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，跟踪是自我提升的途径，而重点是提高，不是吗？关键是要变得更好)”可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为成为更好的跑步者的一种方式。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Things I notice about my runs now include: how my legs feel and how my mind feels afterwards-clear and focused. I notice dogs, the smell of the wild plants along the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) on my face.(我现在跑步时注意到的事情包括：我的腿感觉如何，以及跑步后我的思维感觉如何——清晰而专注。我注意到狗，运河边野生植物的气味和我脸上的阳光（好吧，风雨）)”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。
27．推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第四段“In the past year, the concept of “being better” has taken on a different meaning. My mental health dropped, and things that were once easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stopped meaning getting faster or stronger. It meant taking care of myself and feeling some joy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected on what in my life made me happy and what did not. So, I stopped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ worth of data that was once very important to me and now meant nothing.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”的概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象地困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。这意味着要照顾好自己，在一天中感受一些快乐。一旦我开始好转，我就会反思生活中什么让我快乐，什么让我不快乐。所以，我不再跟踪我的跑步，只是删除了多年来对我非常重要的数据，而现在这些数据对我来说毫无意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此推知，我们可从文章得知调整带来快乐。故选A。
28．B 29．C 30．D 31．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了锻炼能帮助提高青少年学习成绩的研究结果。
28．细节理解题。由第一段中“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades, a new study suggests.(一项新的研究表明，锻炼可以帮助青少年提高成绩)”可知，这项研究是关于锻炼提高青少年学习成绩的，即运动对学生成绩的影响。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。由第三段中“For girls, science scores were most strongly linked to exercise. (对于女孩子来说，科学的成绩跟运动密切相关)”可知，研究显示女孩子的成绩跟运动关系更加密切。故选C项。
30．词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词所在句“look at the possible academic benefits (看看可能的好处。)”和“if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day. (如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间)”可知，研究人员呼吁进行更多的研究，看看如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，可能得到的学术益处。再根据上文的研究结果可知，锻炼能够带来习成绩的提高。所以可以推断出画线词的意思是“得到；获得”的意思。A. Maintained维护；B. Reduced减少；C. Concluded得出结论；D. Obtained获得。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades, a new study suggests. (一项新的研究表明，锻炼可以帮助青少年提高成绩。)”可知，文章介绍一项关于锻炼与学业益处之间相关性的研究。故选D。
32．A 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生成效应对学习的影响。
32．上文“Do you feel like you can remember things better when you actively engage with the information and create your own version of it (你是否觉得当你积极地参与信息并创造自己的版本时，你能更好地记住事情 )”提出一种现象，下文“This phenomenon has important implications when it comes to understanding how people learn.(这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义。)”说明这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义，A项“That’s called the Generation Effect.(这就是所谓的生成效应。)”点明这一现象，承上启下，同时呼应第二段中“Tests on the generation effect show...”。故选A项。
33．上文“Tests on the generation effect show that when users encounter a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段), they will engage several areas of the brain to create words to fill in the blanks.(对生成效应的测试表明，当用户遇到以碎片形式呈现的单词列表时，他们会让大脑的几个区域参与进来，创造单词来填补空白)”提到一个用碎片形式呈现的单词列表进行的生成效应测试，C项“When they are asked to repeat the list later, their recall will be better.(当他们稍后被要求重复这个列表时，他们的记得更好。)”承接上文，给出了测试的结果，句中“the list”照应上文中“a list of words presented in the form of fragments (片段)”，“create words to fill in the blanks”照应下文中“the process of creating new words”。故选C项。
34．下文“Rather than giving students a list of correctly spelled words and asking them to memorize it, the teacher can ask students to complete worksheets where they must fill in blanks to spell the words.(比起给学生一张拼写正确的单词列表并要求他们记住它，老师可以让学生完成工作表，在那里他们必须填空拼写单词。)”用拼写课上的情况来证明生成效应的作用，是对D项“A common example of the generation effect can be seen in spelling lessons for young students.(生成效应的一个常见例子可以在青少年学生的拼写课上看到。)”的承接，给出具体事例，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
35．下文“If a student simply reads a textbook, he/she will not absorb the information as well as when he/she takes notes and recreates charts and other materials presented in the book. Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material.(如果学生只是简单地阅读课本，与通过做笔记、重新创建图表和书中呈现的其他材料的方式比起来，他/她就不能很好地吸收信息。准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”通过举例说明生成效应对学生学习的重要作用，B项“For students, the generation effect can also be important.(对学生来说，生成效应也很重要。)”总领全段，同时句中“also be important”表明与上一段“Teachers and instructors need to be...”的并列关系。故选B项。
36．上文“Students preparing for an examination may find it helpful to write out material from the text, rephrasing in their own words as appropriate to make sure they fully understand the material.(准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”提到学生通过写下材料来准备考试，E项“The simple act of writing can trigger (激发) the generation effect and help the students perform better on examinations.(简单的写作行为就能触发生成效应，帮助学生在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”承接上文，说明写下材料能触发生成效应，让学生取得好成绩，句中“perform better on examinations”与上文“Students preparing for an examination”相照应。故选E项。
37．Tourism income brought them back from the edge of extinction. 38．The merits of eco-tourism are emphasis on environmental conservation and ensuring that local communities benefit economically. 39．Eco-tourism places emphasis on the environment and local communities, ensuring that our passion for travelling comes at the cost of our planet and its inhabitants. Because our passion for travelling doesn’t come at the cost of our planet or its inhabitants. 40．I don't think eco-tourism is a sustainable way to promote tourism without causing harm.One of the impacts of forest ecotourism on the ecological environment is its impact on wildlife habitats. Due to unreasonable construction of tourist roads, hotels, and tourist routes，resulting in changes in animal habits and a decrease in migration and reproductive abilities.
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了生态旅游的利与弊。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“Take the mountain gorillas of Rwanda for instance, tourism income has played a crucial role in their conservation efforts, bringing them back from the edge of extinction.”（ 以卢旺达的山地大猩猩为例，旅游收入在它们的保护工作中发挥了至关重要的作用，使它们从灭绝的边缘恢复过来。）可知，旅游收入使它们从灭绝的边缘恢复过来。故回答为：Tourism income brought them back from the edge of extinction.
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the primary merits of eco-tourism is its emphasis on environmental conservation.”（生态旅游的主要优点之一是强调环境保护）和第四段“Furthermore, eco-tourism often ensures that local communities benefit economically.”（此外，生态旅游往往确保当地社区在经济上受益。）可知，生态旅游的优点是强调环境保护和确保当地社区在经济上受益。故回答为：The merits of eco-tourism are emphasis on environmental conservation and ensuring that local communities benefit economically.
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“By doing so, we can ensure that our passion for travelling doesn’t come at the cost of our planet or its inhabitants, but rather enriches both the traveler and the destination.”（ 通过这样做，我们可以确保我们对旅行的热情不会以我们的星球或其居民为代价，而是让旅行者和目的地都变得丰富。）可知，我们可以确保我们对旅行的热情不会以我们的星球或其居民为代价。故回答为：Eco-tourism places emphasis on the environment and local communities, ensuring that our passion for travelling comes at the cost of our planet and its inhabitants. Because our passion for travelling doesn’t come at the cost of our planet or its inhabitants.
40．开放性试题。I don’t think eco-tourism is a sustainable way to promote tourism without causing harm. One of the impacts of forest ecotourism on the ecological environment is its impact on wildlife habitats. Due to unreasonable construction of tourist roads, hotels, and tourist routes，resulting in changes in animal habits and a decrease in migration and reproductive abilities.
41．Dear Sir/Madam,
Learning that volunteers are wanted for the upcoming World Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week, I’m writing to apply for the position.
I firmly believe this event is of great significance. It serves as a perfect platform to showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, fostering cultural exchange and mutual understanding. As a passionate enthusiast of traditional culture, I’m eager to contribute to promoting these precious cultural legacies.
I’m confident in my qualifications for this role. Firstly, I have a profound knowledge of Chinese intangible cultural heritage, such as Peking Opera and paper-cutting. Secondly, my excellent English skills enable me to communicate smoothly with foreign students. Moreover, my experience as a volunteer in previous cultural events has equipped me with strong communication and problem-solving abilities. I would be honored to be part of this event and look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生的学校打算为外国留学生举办世界非物质文化遗产展示周（World Intangible(无形的，非物质的) Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week）活动，需要招募志愿者去介绍中国非物质文化遗产，你写信申请参加。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
认为：believe→think
展示：showcase→display
渴望的：eager→thirsty
提高：promote→enhance
2. 句式拓展：
同义句转换
原句：It serves as a perfect platform to showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, fostering cultural exchange and mutual understanding.
拓展句：As a perfect platform, it can showcase the charm of China’s intangible cultural heritage to foreign students, which helps to foster cultural exchange and mutual understanding.
【点睛】【高分句型 1】 Learning that volunteers are wanted for the upcoming World Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition Week, I’m writing to apply for the position.(运用了现在分词短语作原因状语)
【高分句型 2】I firmly believe this event is of great significance.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
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