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【素养测评】高二下学期英语期末仿真模拟卷--北京卷（一)
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
Bob was a bit of a couch potato, but he had a great sense of humor and loved to make his family and friends laugh.
One day, Bob 1 he wasn’t getting any younger so he decided to join a health club to get in shape and 2 his family and friends.
Bob arrived at the health club with a big smile on his face, ready to show everyone what he was made of. He 3 for a membership, and then headed to the weight room.
Bob walked over to the weight bench and attempted to lift the bar. To his surprise, he couldn’t even lift it! It was so 4 that it didn’t budge an inch.
Feeling 5 , Bob looked around to see if anyone was watching him. 6 , his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on. Bob’s wife, children, and friends were all gathered around the weight bench, watching him 7 to lift the bar. His wife smiled and said, “I thought you said you were in shape!”
Bob looked at her and replied, “I AM in shape! Round is a shape, right ”
Everyone burst out laughing, and Bob’s embarrassment quickly turned into a 8 . He continued to work out at the health club, but he never took himself too seriously. He knew the most important thing was to have fun and enjoy the process of getting healthier.
In the end, Bob did get in shape, and his family and friends were proud of him, but they were even prouder of his ability to make them 9 and bring joy into their lives, even during his most 10 moments.
1．A．admitted B．realized. C．imagined D．predicted
2．A．ignore B．comfort C．annoy D．impress
3．A．made up B．looked up C．signed up D．stayed up
4．A．heavy B．smooth C．huge D．cold
5．A．astonished B．embarrassed C．depressed D．confused
6．A．Finally B．Suddenly C．Unfortunately D．Usually
7．A．struggle B．pretend C．offer D．hesitate
8．A．trap B．burden C．magic D．joke
9．A．forget B．argue C．laugh D．panic
10．A．pleasant B．awkward C．urgent D．lucky
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“I know it’s here somewhere.” I 11 (drop) my book bag to dig through my coat pockets. Everyone 12 (wait) in line behind me complained. I glanced up at the lunchroom clock. Only three minutes until the bell, and it was the last day 13 (order) a class memory book. But for some reason, I could’t find my wallet. The line began to move around me.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As summer vacation approaches, study tours of primary and middle school students have become popular. 14 (absorb) in academic studies at school, students are left with little room for activities such as practical labor or hands-on experience. During the study tours, they come 15 groups to major attractions, museums and farms to learn while sightseeing. Educational trips offer students precious 16 (opportunity) to become more independent. By 17 (engage) in independent living and problem solving with peers, students can learn to navigate real-life situations.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Researchers from the NeuroMind Institute have developed a new system that uses predator (捕食者) robots to chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an open water. This innovative approach is helping scientists study how the young fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-world conditions.
Larval zebrafish are a valuable tool for neuroscientists because their transparency enables easy study of the brain and behaviour. However, it’s been difficult for scientists to study learning in these developing vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an important part of understanding how the brain works. Previous research found young zebrafish could learn simple associations. But this type of learning happens slowly and often unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-old zebrafish can learn fast enough to use their memory in natural situations, like recognizing and avoiding new predators.
The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.
The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.
Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discovery that not only could larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a more natural context, but they could also do so just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a developing zebrafish larva contains just one percent or so of the neurons (神经元) in its adult form. The findings suggest that some essential learning abilities, like recognizing predators, emerge early in life and are critical for survival.
Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn. It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.
18．Why did the researchers develop a new system with larval zebrafish
A．To observe their hunting behaviours. B．To identify their simple associations.
C．To examine their brain characteristics. D．To uncover their learning in natural settings.
19．What does the underlined word “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Interaction. B．Function. C．Structure. D．Standard.
20．What can we learn about larval zebrafish
A．They can distinguish between robots and fish.
B．They learn fast through a multi-regional brain network.
C．They develop learning abilities when reaching adulthood.
D．They can recognise predators with much neurons needed.
21．What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A．Explaining the robot design used in the experiment.
B．Exploring danger processing in other species’ brains.
C．Analysing the connection between learning and planning.
D．Describing zebrafish behaviours in different surroundings.
B
The Johnson Family Ranch
Located in the mountains of Colorado-Offers a variety of activities for the whole family!
Johnson Ranch is both a working cattle ranch and a family-friendly resort. Guests can ride alongside real cowboys, following the same tralls used by the Johnson family for nearly one hundred years.
AccommodationsThe Main Lodge contains ten log cabins with kitchens. Guests who prefer to be closer to nature can stay there. Cabins vary in size, sleeping two to five people. Gas lamps and log furniture complete the charm. Good food has always been a tradition at the Johnson Ranch. Full course dinners are served daily at the Main Lodge. Picnic lunches are available for hikers.
WearYou will want cowboy boots and western-cut jeans. Cowboy boots protect your ankles. Western-cut jeans are made of heavy cotton and the double seam is on the outside of the pant leg so that your legs aren’t irritated from rubbing during riding. Loose jeans are not practical for riding. Hiking boots are great for activities other than riding. Be sure to bring warm clothes because the temperatures can be cold in the mountains at night. ActivitiesHorseback Riding The horseback riding program is our most popular attraction. Enjoy being on your own or with a group. With help from our instructors, choose from a variety of trails fit to your skill level. Enjoy the beautiful scenery by riding down into the valleys, and then feed your horse a treat for a job well done! Mountain Biking Are the dirt trails calling you Hop on one of our mountain bikes and follow the trails to any number of attractions, including Shell Falls and Horseshoe Lake. Fly Fishing At any time, guests who bring their own fishing poles are welcome to fish at Horseshoe Lake. Catch and grill your own trout dinner! (For a small fee, you may arrange for personalized lessons from a guide.) Cattle Work Taking care of the cattle is one of the biggest responsibilities on a dude ranch. Assist our ranchers and learn how to guide the cattle, how to catch cattle using a rope lasso, and what foods are good for the cattle to eat.
22．What is important to wear when riding
A．Warm clothes. B．Loose jeans. C．Hiking boots. D．Cowboy boots.
23．You’d better bring your own equipment for ______.
A．horseback riding B．fly fishing C．cattle work D．mountain biking
24．Where can you possibly read this article
A．In a novel. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a travelling guide. D．In a history textbook.
C
Being bilingual (双语的) means learning to deal with two different ways of naming and perceiving reality. That requires the bilingual brain to learn to think in both languages and to switch between them effortlessly, a process known as code switching. Some researchers believe this process gives multilingual people an edge.
Historically, the scientific community held the belief that second language acquisition could slow down a child’s academic progress. However, contemporary understanding firmly acknowledges the cognitive (认知的) benefits bilingual children possess. Dr Fraser Lauchlan, an honorary lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, noted that faulty research from the 1930s to 1950s, since discredited, had caused the misperception that bilingualism could be harmful to a child’s academic achievements. Subsequent studies, especially the landmark research by Peal and Lambert in 1962, have clearly demonstrated that bilingualism brings no disadvantages and, in fact, offers advantages in specific language and cognitive areas: selective attention, metalinguistic awareness, creative and flexible thinking (including problem-solving), and short-term memory.
In a study headed by Lauchlan, involving primary school students from Scotland (learning Gaelic and English concurrently) and Sardinia (exposed to Italian and Sardinian), the cognitive differences between monolingual (单语的) and bilingual children were measured. Of the 121 participants, 62 were bilingual and exhibited superior task-completion capabilities. Notably, Gaelic-speaking children outperformed their Sardinian counterparts. Lauchlan put this down to the former’s formal education in Gaelic, while Sardinian was mostly an oral language lacking standardized form.
Ellen Bialystok of York University in Toronto has conducted extensive research, concluding that bilingualism promotes a child’s development. Lauchlan advises that for the best bilingualism, children should start learning a second language alongside their first, or at least as early as possible. Research indicates that bilinguals have an easier time acquiring further languages and display greater cultural receptivity (接受度).
Moreover, in the globalized era, bilingualism also offers practical advantages in career prospects. Multinational corporations often seek employees with multilingual abilities to facilitate international business operations. A bilingual marketing professional can better understand and target diverse consumer groups, bridging cultural gaps and enhancing market share. Thus, developing bilingual capabilities from an early age can open doors to a broader range of opportunities in the future.
25．What is a misconception of bilingualism’s impact
A．Bilingualism does harm to children’s creative thinking.
B．Bilingualism is of little academic benefit to children.
C．Bilingual children tend to develop short-term memory.
D．Bilingual children are less likely to achieve success in career.
26．What can we infer from the study led by Lauchlan
A．Bilingual children perform better in all aspects.
B．Children from Scotland are more intelligent than those from Sardinia.
C．The more languages a child learns, the better their cognitive abilities.
D．Formal education in a second language contributes to bilingual children’s better performance.
27．Why is a bilingual marketing professional mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To explain why learning marketing skills is necessary for bilinguals.
B．To prove that marketing is the most suitable career for bilinguals.
C．To display that bilinguals can get higher salaries in the marketing field.
D．To illustrate how bilingualism brings benefits in international business.
28．What is the main idea of the text
A．The cognitive and practical advantages of being bilingual.
B．The history of bilingual education and its future development.
C．The comparison between different bilingual learning methods.
D．The challenges children face when learning a second language.
D
5-Day Silk Road Tour from China to Central AsiaDay 1 Turpan, China
Start your trip in Turpan by visiting the Karez Well System and discover the ancient underground irrigation channels, which are still maintained and functioning today. For the rest of the day, you will visit and stay at a local family-run vineyard, where you can walk around the farm and talk to the local people to learn about their daily lifestyle.Day 2 Urumqi, China
After breakfast, you will be driven from Turpan to Urumqi, the provincial capital of Xinjiang. After lunch, it’s time to visit Xinjiang Museum, where a variety of artworks, hand-made crafts, and relics are on display. Before flying to Kashgar, you will have some time to stroll around and shop at the Erdaoqiao Market, the biggest bazaar in Xinjiang selling various goods.Day 3 Kashgar, China
You will spend a relaxing day in Kashgar, starting with visiting the Handicrafts Street, where you can purchase an amazing range of handicrafts, including copper, metal, and porcelain. Then, have a break at an ancient teahouse and join in with the local people’s conversations and dancing. Lastly, have a good night sleep to get ready for the upcoming road trip to Osh.Day 4 Osh, Kyrgyzstan
Osh is the second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan. Here, you will visit the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex and enjoy collections of artifacts, handicrafts, and sculptures. Afterwards, you will visit Jayma Bazaar, the largest market in Central Asia, which has a history dating back to the ancient Silk Road period. If you are interested in silk, you can ask your guide to take you to Yodgorlik Silk Factory, which has preserved a manual method of silk production.Day 5 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
After a cozy morning train ride, you will arrive in Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Let’s spend the day visiting the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, one of the earliest and most important cities of the Parthian Empire. You will return to the city for dinner and take a night trip at the Ashgabat National Museum of History.
29．On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience
A．Day 1. B．Day 2. C．Day 3. D．Day 4.
30．What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common
A．Staying at a local farm. B．Shopping at a market.
C．Visiting an ancient city. D．Dancing with local people.
31．Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening
A．Turpan. B．Kashgar. C．Osh. D．Ashgabat.
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory, you engage in active recall. 32 It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. 33 The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
34 Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. 35 Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. 36 You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you’ll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A．It is mentally demanding.
B．This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C．Teach it to a five-year-old, who would give you direct feedback.
D．Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E．Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F．Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G．When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节,32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题,共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分）
Selfie tourism is a growing trend where travelers visit iconic landmarks to take photos for social media. It’s less about personal experience and more about curating an image for social media. This new phenomenon focuses on “visiting destinations primarily to take and share photos of themselves, often with iconic landmarks in the background,” according to UNESCO. Even though it promotes the tourist economy to some extent, it’s a plague (瘟疫).
UNESCO warns that selfie tourism is having terrible consequences on many of the world’s most famous landmarks. A UNESCO spokesperson said: “In many cases, it has led to overcrowding at specific landmarks, creating pressure on local facilities and contributing to the degradation of visitor experience.”
For example, in Venice, local officials have had to contend with disrespectful behavior from visitors who see the city as little more than a background for their photos. The constant foot traffic, sometimes accompanied by reckless behavior, is damaging the city’s delicate facilities. Similarly, in other tourist-heavy areas like the Eiffel Tower, there have been reports of tourists disregarding safety precautions just for the perfect shot.
In response, cities and destinations around the world are fighting back with fines and duties. Portofino, Italy, introduced fines for tourists lingering too long in popular selfie spots. Other cities steer tourists away from overrun n landmarks. In Florence, efforts are underway to direct visitors to lesser known neighborhoods.
However, many of these places have a tourism dependent economy. Efforts to manage tourism must consider not only economic growth but also the long term preservation of cultural landmarks and local communities. But it is a difficult act to balance. To address this challenge effectively, governments, local officials, and tourists alike must work together to ensure that tourism is both sustainable and respectful of the cultural treasures it seeks to showcase.
37．According to this text, what is “selfie tourism”
38．What consequence(s) does “selfie tourism” have
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Countries should take steps to address the negative consequences of selfie tourism without considering its economic benefits.
40．What are some other measures to minimize the negative impacts of selfie tourism (In about 40 words)
第二节（共20分）
41．假设你是李华，是红星中学的高二学生。你得知故宫正在招募暑期义务英文讲解员(docent)，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 介绍你的基本信息；2. 说明你的优势；3. 表示你希望被录用。
Dear Madam/Sir,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
LiHua
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D C A B C A D C B
题号 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
答案 D A B B D B C B D D
题号 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
答案 A C B D B D E G A I
题号 38 39 40
答案 I C S
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了宅男鲍勃决定去健身房健身，结果未能举起杠铃，还被亲友们围观，鲍勃用他的幽默缓解了尴尬，最终恢复了身材，亲友们也为他自豪。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，鲍勃意识到他不再年轻了，所以他决定加入一个健身俱乐部来保持身材，给他的家人和朋友留下深刻的印象。A. admitted承认；B. realized意识到；C. imagined想象；D. predicted预测。根据句中“he wasn’t getting any younger so he decided to join a health club to get in shape”和常识可知，鲍勃决定去健身，应该是因为他意识到自己不再年轻了，需要锻炼健身来保持身材。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，鲍勃意识到他不再年轻了，所以他决定加入一个健身俱乐部来保持身材，给他的家人和朋友留下深刻的印象。A. ignore忽视；B. comfort安慰；C. annoy使恼怒；D. impress使印象深刻。根据下文“his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on.”（他的家人和朋友都已决定在那天来健身俱乐部为他加油。）和他的妻子说的话“I thought you said you were in shape!”（我记得你说自己身材很好！）可知，作者决定去健身房健身，应该是通知了家人和朋友，想让他们看到自己健身的效果，让他们印象深刻。故选D。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他注册了会员，然后去了举重室。A. made up补偿；B. looked up查阅；C. signed up报名参加、注册；D. stayed up熬夜。根据前文“Bob arrived at the health club”（鲍勃来到了健身俱乐部）和句中的“membership”可知，鲍勃来到了一家健身俱乐部，注册为会员后，前往举重室开始健身。故选C。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它这么重，一动也不动。A. heavy重的；B. smooth光滑的；C. huge巨大的；D. cold冷的。根据前文“he couldn’t even lift it”（他甚至举不起来）和本句中“it didn’t budge an inch”可知，鲍勃一点都举不动这个杠铃，可见它非常重。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到很尴尬，鲍勃环顾四周，看看是否有人在看着他。A. astonished十分震惊的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. depressed抑郁的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“and Bob’s embarrassment quickly turned into a 8　.”（鲍勃的尴尬很快转变成了一个笑话）可知，鲍勃没能举动杠铃，所以看看周围是否有人在看他，可见他当时感到很尴尬。故选B。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他的家人和朋友都已决定在那天来健身俱乐部为他加油。A. Finally终于、最终；B. Suddenly突然；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Usually通常。根据前文“Feeling 　5　, Bob looked around to see if anyone was watching him.”（感到很尴尬，鲍勃环顾四周，看看是否有人在看着他。）可知，鲍勃没举起杠铃，感到很尴尬，不希望有人在看他，结果他的家人和朋友那天都来了，所以对它来说是很不幸的。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲍勃的妻子、孩子和朋友们都围在举重台周围，看着他奋力举杠铃。A. struggle努力、奋力；B. pretend假装；C. offer提供；offer to do主动提出做某事；D. hesitate犹豫。根据前文“his family and friends had all decided to come to the health club that day to cheer him on.”（他的家人和朋友都已决定在那天来健身俱乐部为他加油。）和本句可知，鲍勃的家人和朋友都来健身俱乐部为他加油，此时都围在举重台周围，应该是看他健身的样子，看他努力地举杠铃。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大家都哄堂大笑，鲍勃的尴尬很快转变成了一个笑话。A. trap陷阱；B. burden负担；C. magic魔法；D. joke笑话。根据前文“Bob looked at her and replied, “I AM in shape! Round is a shape, right ””（鲍勃看着她回答说:“我身材很好!圆是一种身材，对吧 ”）可知，鲍勃用自己的幽默，像说笑话一样回答了妻子，令人们哄堂大笑，从而化解了尴尬，此时尴尬已经转变成了鲍勃讲的一个笑话。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们更自豪的是，即使在他最尴尬的时刻，他也能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来快乐。A. forget忘记；B. argue争论；C. laugh大笑；D. panic恐慌。根据第一段“Bob was a bit of a couch potato, but he had a great sense of humor and loved to make his family and friends laugh.”（鲍勃是个宅男，但他很有幽默感，喜欢逗家人和朋友笑。）和前文“Everyone burst out laughing”（大家都哄堂大笑）及本句中“bring joy into their lives”可知，鲍勃很有幽默感，具有让人开怀大笑，给人带来快乐的能力。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们更自豪的是，即使在他最尴尬的时刻，他也能让他们开怀大笑，给他们的生活带来快乐。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. urgent急迫的；D. lucky幸运的。根据前文“Everyone burst out laughing, and Bob’s embarrassment quickly turned into a 8 .”（大家都哄堂大笑，鲍勃的尴尬很快转变成了一个笑话。）和文章内容可知，鲍勃没有举起杠铃，被亲友们看到而感到尴尬，但他以自己的幽默、开玩笑般的话语，就使人们开怀大笑，化解了这份尴尬。故选B。
11．dropped 12．waiting 13．to order
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是在订购班级纪念册的最后期限前，作者焦急寻找丢失钱包的经历。
11．考查时态。句意：我放下书包，开始翻找我的外套口袋。此处为谓语动词，由下文的谓语动词complained以及glanced up可知，本句描述的是过去的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，且drop与主语之间为主动关系，所以谓语动词为dropped。故填dropped。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我后面排队的每个人都在抱怨。句中谓语是complained，空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，Everyone和wait之间是主谓关系，所以此处使用现在分词表主动和进行。故填waiting。
13．考查不定式。句意：距离铃声响起只有三分钟了，而今天是订购班级纪念册的最后一天。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，day前有序数词the last修饰，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to order。
14．Absorbed 15．in 16．opportunities 17．engaging/being engaged
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍游学越来越受欢迎以及原因。
14．考查固定短语。句意：在学校里，学生们全神贯注于学术研究，几乎没有什么活动空间，比如实际劳动或实践经验。短语be absorbed in，意为“全神贯注于”，本句已有谓语动词are left，这里用非谓语动词absorbed，句首单词首字母大写，故填Absorbed。
15．考查介词。句意：在游学期间，他们成群结队地来到主要景点、博物馆和农场，一边观光一边学习。短语in groups，意为“成群结队地”，符合句意，故填in。
16．考查名词。句意：教育旅行为学生提供了变得更加独立的宝贵机会。设空处为宾语，应用名词opportunity，泛指，应用复数形式，故填opportunities。
17．考查动名词。句意：通过参与独立生活和与同龄人一起解决问题，学生可以学会驾驭现实生活。介词By后，应用动名词作宾语，故填engaging/being engaged。
18．D 19．A 20．B 21．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员用捕食者机器人追逐幼体斑马鱼来研究其学习能力，发现其能快速学习，且多脑区参与，或可启示其他大脑。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers thought that traditional ways of testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the conditions were far from what the fish would encounter in the wild, might not be effective for uncovering how the fish learn. To model a real-life situation, the researchers used small robotic cylinders (圆柱体), with some programmed to show predator-like characteristics.(研究人员认为，在实验室中测试斑马鱼幼虫学习的传统方法可能无法有效揭示鱼类的学习方式，因为那里的条件与野生斑马鱼的情况相去甚远。为了模拟现实生活中的情况，研究人员使用了小型机器人圆柱体，其中一些被编程为显示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人员开发新系统是为了揭示幼体斑马鱼在自然环境中的学习情况，因为传统在实验室的测试方法难以揭示它们在自然情况下的学习方式。故选D项。
19．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a robot that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the robot chased the fish for a minute, the fish began avoiding the robot’s area for more than an hour — a big change from the non-avoidant behaviour before the chase experience. When a second robot was introduced that did not chase the fish, the zebrafish only avoided the chasing robot, showing that they could distinguish between a threat and a non-threat.(研究人员创造了dynamics：他们首先将一个静止的机器人放在一条自由游动的斑马鱼身上；在机器人追逐鱼一分钟后，鱼开始避开机器人的区域一个多小时，这与追逐体验前的非回避行为相比发生了很大变化。当引入第二个不追逐鱼的机器人时，斑马鱼只是避开了追逐的机器人，表明它们可以区分威胁和非威胁)”可知，研究人员创造了这种dynamics，后面描述了机器人和斑马鱼之间的互动过程，所以dynamics在这里指的是机器人和斑马鱼之间的“互动”，与Interaction意义相近。故选A项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Further brain imaging reveals that different regions of the zebrafish brain are involved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a region controlling essential functions, responds to the approaching predator; the forebrain, a region associated with learning and planning, encodes the presence of the predator robot; and the habenula, another brain area, signals avoidance outcomes. All these regions are necessary for learning, and silencing any of them removes the ability of the fish to learn.(进一步的脑成像显示，斑马鱼大脑的不同区域参与了这种快速学习：后脑是一个控制基本功能的区域，对接近的捕食者做出反应；前脑是一个与学习和规划相关的区域，对捕食者机器人的存在进行编码；缰核是另一个大脑区域，它发出回避结果的信号。所有这些区域都是学习所必需的，沉默其中任何一个区域都会剥夺鱼的学习能力)”可知，幼体斑马鱼的后脑、前脑和缰核等不同脑区都参与了这种快速学习，它们通过一个多脑区的网络快速学习。故选B项。
21．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is believed that the new work could offer insights into how other brains process real-world threats.(据信，这项新工作可以为其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解)”可知，这项新工作可能会为了解其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解。由此推知，接下来作者最有可能讨论的是探索其他物种大脑中对危险的处理情况。故选B项。
22．D 23．B 24．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了Johnson Family Ranch的各种活动、住宿、餐饮、穿着以及活动设备等信息。
22．细节理解题。根据文章Wear部分“Cowboy boots protect your ankles. Western-cut jeans are made of heavy cotton and the double seam is on the outside of the pant leg so that your legs aren’t irritated from rubbing during riding.(牛仔靴保护你的脚踝。西式牛仔裤由厚重的棉布制成，双缝线在裤腿外侧，这样你的腿就不会因为骑行时的摩擦而发炎。)”可推知，骑马时重要的穿着是牛仔靴。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据文章Fly Fishing部分“At any time, guests who bring their own fishing poles are welcome to fish at Horseshoe Lake.(在任何时候，欢迎客人携带自己的鱼竿在Horseshoe Lake钓鱼。)”可推知，你最好自带设备去飞钓。故选B。
24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是“Johnson Ranch is both a working cattle ranch and a family-friendly resort. Guests can ride alongside real cowboys, following the same tralls used by the Johnson family for nearly one hundred years.(Johnson Ranch既是一个运营的养牛场，也是一个适合全家游玩的度假村。游客可以与真正的牛仔并肩骑行，沿着约翰逊家族近一个世纪以来使用的相同牧道前行。)”可知，本文主要介绍了Johnson Family Ranch的各种活动、住宿、餐饮、穿着以及活动设备等信息。所以你可能在旅行指南里读到这篇文章。故选C。
25．B 26．D 27．D 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了关于双语的研究以及研究发现第二语言的正规教育有助于双语儿童更好的表现，促进儿童的发展，并且双语能力可以在国际商务中带来好处。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr Fraser Lauchlan, an honorary lecturer at the University of Strathclyde, noted that faulty research from the 1930s to 1950s, since discredited, had caused the misperception that bilingualism could be harmful to a child’s academic achievements.(斯特拉斯克莱德大学名誉讲师弗雷泽·劳克伦博士指出，20世纪30年代至50年代的错误研究，自从被怀疑以来，导致了双语可能对孩子的学业成绩有害的误解)”可知，对双语影响的误解是双语对孩子的学习没有什么好处。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段“Notably, Gaelic-speaking children outperformed their Sardinian counterparts. Lauchlan put this down to the former’s formal education in Gaelic, while Sardinian was mostly an oral language lacking standardized form.(值得注意的是，说盖尔语的孩子比撒丁语的孩子表现更好。劳克伦把这归因于前者接受的是盖尔语的正规教育，而撒丁语主要是一种缺乏标准化形式的口头语言)”可知，第二语言的正规教育有助于双语儿童更好的表现。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Moreover, in the globalized era, bilingualism also offers practical advantages in career prospects. Multinational corporations often seek employees with multilingual abilities to facilitate international business operations. A bilingual marketing professional can better understand and target diverse consumer groups, bridging cultural gaps and enhancing market share.(此外，在全球化时代，双语能力在职业前景方面也有实际优势。跨国公司经常寻找具有多语言能力的员工，以促进国际业务运作。双语营销专业人员可以更好地了解和瞄准不同的消费群体，弥合文化差距，提高市场份额)”可知，在最后一段提到了双语营销专业人员是为了说明双语能力如何在国际商务中带来好处。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Being bilingual (双语的) means learning to deal with two different ways of naming and perceiving reality. That requires the bilingual brain to learn to think in both languages and to switch between them effortlessly, a process known as code switching. Some researchers believe this process gives multilingual people an edge.(双语意味着学习处理两种不同的命名和感知现实的方式。这就要求双语大脑学会用两种语言思考，并在两种语言之间毫不费力地转换，这个过程被称为代码转换。一些研究人员认为，这一过程让懂多种语言的人更有优势)”结合文章主要说明了关于双语的研究以及研究发现第二语言的正规教育有助于双语儿童更好的表现，促进儿童的发展，并且双语能力可以在国际商务中带来好处。可知，这篇文章的主旨是掌握双语的认知和实践优势。故选A。
29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是中国至中亚丝绸之路五日游的行程安排。
29．细节理解题。根据Day 3 Kashgar, China部分中的“Then, have a break at an ancient teahouse and join in with the local people’s conversations and dancing.(然后，在一个古老的茶馆休息一下，加入当地人的谈话和跳舞。)”可知，第三天在喀什的时候，会在一家古老的茶馆休息，与当地人谈话跳舞，由此可知，第三天游客们可能有品茶体验。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据Day 2 Urumqi, China部分中的“Before flying to Kashgar, you will have some time to stroll around and shop at the Erdaoqiao Market, the biggest bazaar in Xinjiang selling various goods.(在飞往喀什之前，您将有时间在二道桥市场逛一逛，这里是新疆最大的集市，出售各种各样的商品。)”可知，在去喀什前可以去二道桥市场逛一逛，结合Day 4 Osh, Kyrgyzstan部分中的“Afterwards, you will visit Jayma Bazaar, the largest market in Central Asia, which has a history dating back to the ancient Silk Road period.(之后，您将参观中亚最大的市场杰玛集市，其历史可以追溯到古丝绸之路时期。)”可知，在吉尔吉斯斯坦的奥什，你可以去中亚最大的市场杰玛集市参观，综合以上信息可知，这两天的旅行的共同之处在于可以在市场购物。故选B项。
31．细节理解题。根据Day 5 Ashgabat, Turkmenistan部分中的“You will return to the city for dinner and take a night trip at the Ashgabat National Museum of History.(您将返回市区享用晚餐，并在阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆过夜。)”可知，在土库曼斯坦的阿什哈巴德可以享用晚餐后，在阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆过夜，由此可知，游客可以在阿什哈巴德国晚上参观博物馆。故选D项。
32．B 33．D 34．E 35．G 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明的被称为费曼技巧的一种聪明的学习方法。
32．由上文“Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you’ve learned from memory, you engage in active recall. (物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主理查德·费曼发明了一种聪明的学习方法，被称为费曼技巧。它包括向别人解释你正在学习的东西。通过教授你从记忆中学到的东西，你参与了主动回忆。)”可知，本空要说跟“这种学习方法的好处”有关的话题，故B选项“This helps the information stick in your mind better. (这有助于信息更好地留在你的脑海中。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
33．由下文“The more interested you are, the faster you’ll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged. (你越感兴趣，就能越快地掌握它。此外，一个个人感兴趣的话题会让你保持动力和投入。)”可知，本空要说跟“感兴趣和学习的关系”有关的话题，故D选项“Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning. (你对它的好奇心将决定你的学习进度。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
34．由下文“Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you’d rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They’ll be able to let you know when something isn’t clear. (写笔记，用五岁小孩能理解的方式解释。如果你不想真的教别人，你可以把它交给一个想象中的听众。但如果你用真人的话效果会更好。如果有什么不清楚的地方，他们会让你知道。)”可知，本空要说跟“写笔记”有关的话题，故E选项“Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else. (一旦你选择了一个主题，你就可以把它教给其他人。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
35．由上文“While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. (在教学过程中，你可能会发现自己理解上的差距。)”可知，本空要说跟“出现这种情况的解决办法”有关的话题，由后文“Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward. (回顾你的笔记，重新阅读书籍，或者寻求外部帮助，以确保你在继续之前对上下文有一个完整的理解。)”可知，出现这种情况的解决办法是回顾笔记，故G选项“When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces. (当这种情况发生时，请回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
36．由下文“You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. (你需要积极地思考问题，而不是被动地阅读或听别人说话。)”可知，积极地思考问题对精神要求很高，故A选项“It is mentally demanding. (这对精神要求很高。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。
37．It is a trend where travelers visit iconic landmarks mainly to take and share photos of themselves with iconic landmarks in the background for social media. 38．It leads to overcrowding at specific landmarks, creates pressure on local facilities, degrades visitor experience, damages delicate facilities and causes disrespectful behavior from visitors. 39．Countries should take steps to address the negative consequences of selfie tourism without considering its economic benefits.
According to the text, many places have a tourism dependent economy, so efforts to manage tourism must consider economic growth. Thus, countries should consider the economic benefits of selfie tourism while addressing its negative consequences. 40．Set up dedicated selfie zones in popular scenic spots, limit the number of people entering these zones, and conduct education campaigns to raise tourists’ awareness of civilized behavior. (开放性试题，答案合理即可)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自拍式旅游这一新兴趋势，阐述了其对世界著名地标带来的不良后果，以及一些城市采取的应对措施，同时指出平衡经济增长与文化地标保护的困难，呼吁各方共同努力实现可持续旅游。
37．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Selfie tourism is a growing trend where travelers visit iconic landmarks to take photos for social media. It’s less about personal experience and more about curating an image for social media. This new phenomenon focuses on ‘visiting destinations primarily to take and share photos of themselves, often with iconic landmarks in the background,’ according to UNESCO.(自拍式旅游是一种日益增长的趋势，旅行者前往标志性地标为社交媒体拍照。它更多地不是关于个人体验，而是为社交媒体精心打造一种形象。根据联合国教科文组织的说法，这种新现象侧重于“主要是为了拍摄和分享自己的照片而访问目的地，背景往往是标志性地标”。)”可知，“自拍式旅游”是旅行者主要为了在社交媒体上拍摄和分享自己与标志性地标合影的照片而访问目的地的一种趋势。故答案为It is a trend where travelers visit iconic landmarks mainly to take and share photos of themselves with iconic landmarks in the background for social media.
38．考查细节理解。根据第二段“UNESCO warns that selfie tourism is having terrible consequences on many of the world’s most famous landmarks. A UNESCO spokesperson said: “In many cases, it has led to overcrowding at specific landmarks, creating pressure on local facilities and contributing to the degradation of visitor experience.”(联合国教科文组织警告说，自拍式旅游对世界上许多最著名的地标产生了可怕的后果。一位联合国教科文组织发言人说：“在许多情况下，它导致特定地标处人满为患，给当地设施带来压力，并导致游客体验下降。”)”以及第三段中的“For example, in Venice, local officials have had to contend with disrespectful behavior from visitors who see the city as little more than a background for their photos. The constant foot traffic, sometimes accompanied by reckless behavior, is damaging the city’s delicate facilities.(例如，在威尼斯，当地官员不得不应对游客的无礼行为，这些游客仅仅把这座城市看作是他们照片的背景。持续的人流量，有时伴随着鲁莽的行为，正在破坏这座城市脆弱的设施。)”可知，“自拍式旅游”的后果有导致特定地标处人满为患，给当地设施带来压力，导致游客体验下降，还会破坏城市脆弱的设施以及引发游客的无礼行为。故答案为 It leads to overcrowding at specific landmarks, creates pressure on local facilities, degrades visitor experience, damages delicate facilities and causes disrespectful behavior from visitors.
39．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“However, many of these places have a tourism dependent economy. Efforts to manage tourism must consider not only economic growth but also the long term preservation of cultural landmarks and local communities. But it is a difficult act to balance.(然而，这些地方中的许多都有依赖旅游业的经济。管理旅游业的努力不仅必须考虑经济增长，还必须考虑文化地标的长期保护和当地社区。但这是一个很难平衡的行为。)”可知，国家在采取措施解决自拍式旅游的负面影响时，需要考虑其经济效益，因为很多地方依赖旅游业经济。故答案为Countries should take steps to address the negative consequences of selfie tourism without considering its economic benefits.
According to the text, many places have a tourism dependent economy, so efforts to manage tourism must consider economic growth. Thus, countries should consider the economic benefits of selfie tourism while addressing its negative consequences.
40．考查开放性试题。根据文章内容并结合实际，要尽量减少自拍式旅游的负面影响，可以采取以下措施：可以在热门景点设置专门的自拍区域，控制进入人数，同时加强对游客的教育，提高他们的文明意识。故答案为Set up dedicated selfie zones in popular scenic spots, limit the number of people entering these zones, and conduct education campaigns to raise tourists’ awareness of civilized behavior.
41．Dear Madam/Sir,
I am writing to apply for the opportunity to be the voluntary English guide during the course of the Summer Vacation. Here are some reasons which I considered to make me stand out.
I am a Senior-3 student from the Hongxing High School, dreaming to be a translator in the future. Having participated in every English speech competition of our school, I improved my oral English a lot. In addition, what is a great plus to me is that I scored 117 in TOEFL, indicating my incredible sense of English. It is also equally important that I am a local Beijing boy and I visit the Forbidden City each summer, appreciating the scenery as well as learning about it.
I would appreciate it if you could consider favorably of my application and grant me at your convenience. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
LiHua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，申请成为故宫暑期义务英文讲解员。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→join in
比赛：competition→contest
此外：in addition→what’s more
本地人：local→native
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Having participated in every English speech competition of our school, I improved my oral English a lot.
拓展句：I participated in every English speech competition of our school so that I have improved my oral English a lot.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Here are some reasons which I considered to make me stand out.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】In addition, what is a great plus to me is that I scored 117 in TOEFL, indicating my incredible sense of English.（运用了what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句）
【高分句型3】It is also equally important that I am a local Beijing boy and I visit the Forbidden City each summer, appreciating the scenery as well as learning about it.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
【素养测评】高二下学期英语期末仿真模拟卷--北京卷（一）
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