资源简介

2024-2025学年度第二学期高一年级阶段检测英语
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分）
1. What does the man want the woman to do
A. Repair his phone. B. Pick a new phone. C. Direct him to a repair shop.
2. Where does the dialogue probably happen
A. At the post office. B. At the airport. C. In the supermarket.
3. What’s the woman’s attitude toward the man’s motorcycling
A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Enthusiastic.
4. What will the man probably do next
A. Report the accident to the police.
B. Ask Dr Smith to take care of his friend.
C. Rush his injured friend to the urgent care unit.
5. What does the man mean
A. Louis should pursue her own dreams.
B. Louis could have a talk with her father.
C. Louis needs to follow her father’s wise advice.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man probably do
A. A tour guide. B. A travel agent. C. A customs officer.
7. Why does the couple choose Britain for their celebration
A. They hoped to enjoy the lovely spring there.
B. They wanted to stay in the nice little inns there.
C. They wanted to explore the husband’s background.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man think is the most popular website in his country
A. . B. . C. YouTube.
9. What does the man think of online information
A. It is reliable and helpful. B. It needs careful selection. C. It is convenient and diverse.
10. Why does the woman ask the man the questions
A. To learn about the man’s favorite websites.
B. To collect information for her research work.
C. To find out people’s reasons for visiting websites.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who does the man want a vocabulary book for
A. His child. B. Himself. C. His students.
12. Why does the man want to buy Delhi
A. It has been well received.
B. It is very popular with children.
C. It helps enlarge people’s vocabulary.
13. Which book does the man buy in the end
A. First 100 Words. B. Delhi. C. The Sunset Club.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why does the woman go to the man
A. To pay off her student loan. B. To apply for a part-time job. C. To ask for a recommendation.
15. How does the man feel after hearing the woman’s plan
A. Her plan is too ambitious.
B. She is really hard-working.
C. Students face heavy financial pressure.
16. Why does the man advise the woman to work in the library
A. It offers very good pay.
B. It only takes up a little of her time.
C. It gives her a chance to read books.
17. How much can the woman pocket if she works 9 hours a week
A. 20 dollars. B. 90 dollars. C. 180 dollars.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why did the speaker care little about the sound quality
A. She was confident in her singing ability.
B. She enjoyed singing on an outdoor stage.
C. She believed it could potentially benefit her.
19. What did the speaker do to overcome her nervousness
A. Imagining herself to be a celebrity.
B. Asking the audience to cheer for her.
C. Getting encouragements from her teachers.
20. How did the singing contest influence her
A. She became more confident than ever.
B. She sought to become a professional singer.
C. She ranked among the top students at school.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are you interested in exploring the world of business, or planning to study Economics at university Join this summer program to study business and economics in the historic city of Oxford — home to many business leaders and world-leading companies.
Courses
Course code Description
E002 How do you create a brand We’ll explore key elements of what branding is and why it’s important.
E007 What makes a good manager Explore management theories and understand how good business is supported by good management.
E101 How does globalization influence business Learn about the patterns and effects of trade between countries.
E102 Your final class is based on your teachers’ personal expertise in the field, focusing on the research that they’re interested in.
Instructors
Jamie Dear: He was the former chair of Jacari, an Oxford University charity that provides free lessons for students who don’t speak English as their first language.
Ameya Kamath: He received a first-class honors degree in Economics at University College London.
Stephanie Lester: With senior leadership experience in a variety of education organizations, she is passionate about helping young people to succeed.
Isabella Menca: She studied Economics at the University of Oxford and has a special knowledge of the commercial legal system.
Key facts
Application deadline: 1st May
Application entrance: Submit the forms at the official website
Fees: 7,000 for native students, 7,100 for overseas students
Accommodation: Students can stay at the Oxford campus from 30th June to 13th July
1. What is the primary target audience of the summer program
A. University graduates pursuing advanced economics degrees.
B. High school students exploring business and economics.
C Professionals seeking legal commercial knowledge.
D. Non-English speakers requiring language training.
2. Who is an expert in business law
A. Jamie Dear. B. Ameya Kamath. C. Stephanie Lester. D. Isabella Menca.
3. What do we know about the program
A. Lower fees will apply to domestic students.
B. Applications will be accepted until 15th May.
C. Accommodation can be available for 3 weeks.
D. Registration forms should be submitted offline.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
B
For centuries, the Scottish Highlands have been silent without the howl of wolves. Cruel hunting had wiped them out by the 18th century, causing an ecological crisis. Without natural killers, red deer populations exploded, destroying young trees and reducing native woodlands to less than 4% of Scotland’s land — the lowest in Europe. Now, scientists propose reintroducing wolves to restore balance.
Killers as they are, wolves are a “keystone” species: a brick in the arch (拱门) that holds its entire structure in place. In the US, bringing wolves back to several national ecosystems, most famously in Yellowstone National Park, has borne rich fruits. Releasing wolves in four Scottish regions could decrease deer density (密度) from 20 to 4 per square kilometer within two decades. A stable wolf population of around 167 would allow woodlands to regenerate naturally.
“The climate and biodiversity crises can’t be tackled separately,” says environmental scientist Dominick Spracklen. “Species reintroduction serves as an essential strategy to restore degraded ecosystems, which in turn can deliver co-benefits for climate and nature recovery.”
The scientists estimate each wolf can potentially restore enough woodlands to absorb 6,702 tons of CO2 annually, worth about $195,000 in today’s carbon market, which indicates that the following expansion of native woodlands would store 100 million tons of CO2 over 100 years, making an important contribution to national climate targets. Furthermore, mass expansion of woodlands, facilitated through the return of wolves, could provide potential economic benefits to landowners and communities through carbon finance (金融).
However, challenges remain. Ecologist and farmer Lee Schofield voiced his worry, “Wolves pose a massive threat to the local residents’ lives. Human-wildlife conflicts are common and must be addressed through public policies that account for people’s attitudes.”
Dominick believes lessons learned from the US and European wolf reintroductions will help here and, while wolves’ fearsome reputation remains, ecosystem collapse and extreme climate change are hardly toothless options.
4. What is the root cause of the ecological crisis in the Scottish Highlands
A. Human killing of wolves.
B. Industrial pollution.
C. Explosion of deer populations.
D. Loss of native woodlands.
5. Why does the author mention Yellowstone National Park
A. To erase doubts about keystone species.
B. To show the success of wolf reintroduction.
C. To compare methods of reducing deer density.
D. To interpret how to maintain ecological balance.
6. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A. The benefits of wolves’ return.
B. The effects of forests on climate.
C. The importance of carbon finance.
D. The link between wolves and economy.
7. In which aspect do wolves mainly threaten locals according to Lee Schofield
A. Reputation. B. Psychology. C. Property. D. Security.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D
C
Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.
Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction.
Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about
In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.”
This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.
8. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen.
B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment.
C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria.
D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance.
9. What did Lingchong You find in his study
A. How sponges are exactly structured. B. What encourages bacterial growth.
C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other.
10. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges
A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive,
C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely distributed.
11. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph
A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria.
C. Methods to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. A
D
Echo chambers (信息茧房) have become a topic of concern in the digital age. They refer to environments where individuals are only exposed to opinions similar to their own, and different perspectives are rarely considered. Many believe that echo chambers limit intellectual growth, which can be damaging to our understanding of diverse viewpoints.
However, recent studies have questioned the extent to which echo chambers truly exist in digital technologies. Some articles even doubt their existence, suggesting that the claim of digital media habits making our prejudices stronger is itself a prejudiced statement. The truth seems to be more complex. A survey of Internet users found that individuals with a deeper understanding of their interests and better digital skills are more capable of seeking out diverse opinions. On the other hand, those who lack these skills may experience cognitive (认知) stress, leading to a narrow focus in their information search.
Social media behavior analysis provides further insight. One study of Twitter users revealed that while most users shared a range of opinions, the most active one percent displayed highly polarized (两极化的) views, which were followed more widely. This indicates that echo chambers may have a significant impact on opinion spread. People who frequently express strong opinions receive more reinforcement, leading to increased polarization. This effect is made stronger by social media that promote content similar to one’s existing views.
The available evidence does suggest that echo chambers exist, although not all digital communication occurs within them, but the research suggests that they have a disproportionate influence on the spread of opinions and may well be a product of the type of reinforcement experienced and delivered digitally. They will generate a reduced range of more polarized views, and they cannot be ignored — even if that is an uncomfortable fact for media companies keen to promote themselves as defenders of free speech.
12. In paragraph 1, a definition is given to ______.
A. respond to a concern
B. compare different perspectives
C. address a warning of a problem
D. introduce different views on echo chambers
13. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Prejudices contribute to echo chambers.
B. Diverse opinions confuse Internet users.
C Media habits tend to become increasingly complex.
D. Digital skills can help avoid narrow information acquisition.
14. What’s a cause of polarized view
A. Social media promotion,
B. Contrast in existing views.
C. Inappropriate online behavior.
D. Instant digital communication,
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. Are We Ready for the Digital Age
B. Arc Echo Chambers Really in Existence
C. How Can Media Companies Support Free Speech
D. How Are People Influenced by the Spread of Opinions
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Books often struggle to engage modern readers, and this can be especially true for nonfiction. For many people, it’s less exciting and less emotional than fiction. However, the problem may not be with nonfiction, but how they read it.
Some people start a nonfiction book but quit after reading a few chapters. They read probably because someone gives them the book or everyone is reading it. That’s not helpful to stay in a committed relationship with nonfiction.____16____No matter what yours is, write it down before starting to read. It’ll prepare your mind on what to look for in that book.
If you’re already a fiction reader, start with narrative nonfiction, which carries a strong storytelling element. This kind of writing is so engaging that you may almost forget the story being told is factual. ___17___However, if you still feel burdened by an entire book, an anthology (选集) might be a perfect solution. As collections of shorter pieces, anthologies aim to bring together the best writing on a particular subject.____18____Once you’re drawn in, you’ll find more to read.
____19____For those who prefer highlighting and taking notes, a physical book may be a nice choice. In contrast, e-books are ideal if portability (便携性) or the ability to adjust the text are your priorities. However, if you’re already a listener to nonfiction recorded programs, audio books might be the perfect fit for you.
Reading nonfiction can be challenging, but remember there’s always a book on the topic that interests you. It may be about historical events that shape our lives or stories where truth outshines fiction.____20____
A. So it requires a personal insight into the book.
B. Some of the pieces are sure to grab your interest.
C. It’s a natural bridge between fiction and nonfiction.
D. Instead, you should have a clear objective of reading.
E. Reading habits affect our selections of nonfiction topics.
F. Choosing suitable formats is also key to enjoying nonfiction.
G. Whichever it is, the time spent on nonfiction can be rewarding.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. F 20. G
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The story of Brave Gelert is known to many people. Gelert was a dog that faithfully ____21____ the prince’s son, but was then killed by the prince ____22____ a terrible misunderstanding. However, only a few people know that the story is really a pack of ____23____. Let me explain.
About a hundred or so years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales who was fed up with ____24____ being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of ____25____ and hardly anyone came to stay. Then, one day, he had a(n) ____26____. A famous ____27____ called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been ____28____ dogs. This is hardly ____29____ as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to ______30______ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ______31______ master.
Of course, people would be far more likely to ______32______ the story if there was something they could see. So one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of ______33______ from the stones he found lying around. A friend of his, who was an accountant, helped him to construct it. The “tale” soon ______34______ and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried. ______35______, business became very good for the hotel owner.
21. A. contained B. defended C. attacked D. fed
22. A. on account of B. on the basis of C. except for D. in addition to
23. A. lies B. animals C. facts D. procedures
24. A. people B. business C. dogs D. fortune
25. A. somewhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere
26. A. mission B. escape C. idea D. reflection
27. A. cook B. assistant C. prince D. manager
28. A. keen on B. tired of C. sensitive to D. familiar with
29. A. believable B. satisfying C. manageable D. surprising
30. A. make up B. judge C. refer to D. disguise
31. A. inflexible B. sympathetic C. ungrateful D. mighty
32. A. ignore B. believe C. replace D. explore
33. A. shelter B. accommodation C. settlement D. monument
34. A. turned around B. disappeared C. caught on D. floated
35. A. Frankly B. Undoubtedly C. Briefly D. Generally
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Archaeologists have unearthed the smallest known cat fossil (化石) at the Hualongdong site in eastern China. It has been identified as ___36___ extinct species of leopard cat named Prionailurus kurteni, which was so small that it could ___37___ (comfortable) fit in a hand. It was comparable ___38___ size to the two smallest existing feline (猫科) species — the rusty-spotted cat and the black-footed cat.
The ___39___ (origin) biology research supported the belief of a common ancestor for the leopard cat, the domestic cat and Pallas cat. However, no fossil evidence had been identified before the ___40___ (discover). Forest habitats ___41___ leopard cats live are not ideally suited to bone preservation.
Finding the fossil of an inclined first molar (臼齿) means ___42___ (have) evidence from its jawbone and teeth that supports the idea of a common ancestor for all three cat species.
Chinese scientists have discovered dozens of primitive human fossils at the site dating back 300,000 years. These fossils ___43___ (find) so far are the earliest ones in East Asia, which are part of the evolutionary process of modern humans. They first ___44___ (appear) in Africa some 315,000 years ago, but it wasn’t until around 45,000 years ago ____45____ they emerged in eastern Asia. The animal fossils help cast light on the environment, diet and potential threats faced by primitive humans.
【答案】36. an fortably
38. in 39. original
40. discovery
41. where 42. having
43. found 44. appeared
45. that
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你所在城市的博物馆正在策划一场“云游博物馆奇妙周”的线上活动以庆祝“国际博物馆日”。请给你的美国朋友Jim 写一封推介信，内容包括：
1. 推介理由；2. 活动内容。
云游博物馆奇妙周Digital Museum Adventure Week
注意：
1. 词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled to inform you that our city museum will host a “Digital Museum Adventure Week” on its website to mark International Museum Day! As a museum lover, you can’t afford to miss this rare chance to explore China’s traditional treasures at home!
The event will kick off with an immersive 3D exhibition of traditional ceramics featuring exquisite vases and fine tableware from Monday to Wednesday. From Thursday to Sunday, live streams of newly unearthed ancient currency will help you understand how ancient people traded. Also of primary note are some interactive virtual tours led by experts, which will bring these artifacts to life with behind-the-scene stories.
Are you ready to join me in this unparalleled visual and audio feast Feel free to contact me for details! (127w)
Yours,
Li Hua
第一节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself in a hurry. He wanted to be the first to wish a happy New Year to his family. He turned up at every door of the house, and shouted the words of “Happy New Year” in an excited voice. After a quick breakfast he hopped along the street like a happy bird, greeted and repeated the words to those he met.
When he came back, his father gave him 50 dollars, saying he could buy whatever he had been wishing for. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some interesting books that he had seen at the bookstore located near the river through the city. He thanked his father and danced out of the house again with a light heart, intending to buy those books.
As he ran down the street, he noticed a poor family, the father, the mother, and three children shivering with cold in the winter wind. “I wish you a happy New Year,” cried Edward as he was happily passing on. The man took a look at the happy boy and shook his head sadly.
Edward stopped and said, “It seems that you do not belong to this country.” The man again shook his head, a confused expression flashed over his face, for he could not understand or speak English.
But the poor man pointed to his dry mouth, and to the children with hungry looks, as if to say, “These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“My dear boy,” said his father, “Here are a dozen of books for you.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble. He took out his dollars, and gave them all to the man. A wave of inexpressible warmth and gratitude came flooding when the man reached out his shivering hands for the shiny dollars. Taking a firm grip of them in one hand and holding Edward’s hand warmly, he stammered out words of thanks in his broken English. After wishing them a peaceful and happy New Year, Edward went back home. The moment he reached home, he couldn’t wait to share with his father his act of charity. Hearing that, his father gave him a thumb up.
“My dear boy,” said his father, “Here are a dozen of books for you.” He continued with satisfaction, “They are a reward for your kindness to people in need. You do deserve them.” Looking intently at what may be the best he had ever received, Edward felt an immense pride in himself, which flowed all over his body. Since then, these books given by his father have been serving as a constant reminder of the importance of lending a helping hand to others in trouble whenever he could.2024-2025学年度第二学期高一年级阶段检测英语
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分）
1. What does the man want the woman to do
A. Repair his phone. B. Pick a new phone. C. Direct him to a repair shop.
2. Where does the dialogue probably happen
A. At the post office. B. At the airport. C. In the supermarket.
3. What’s the woman’s attitude toward the man’s motorcycling
A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Enthusiastic.
4. What will the man probably do next
A. Report the accident to the police.
B. Ask Dr Smith to take care of his friend.
C. Rush his injured friend to the urgent care unit.
5. What does the man mean
A. Louis should pursue her own dreams.
B. Louis could have a talk with her father.
C. Louis needs to follow her father’s wise advice.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man probably do
A. A tour guide. B. A travel agent. C. A customs officer.
7. Why does the couple choose Britain for their celebration
A. They hoped to enjoy the lovely spring there.
B. They wanted to stay in the nice little inns there.
C. They wanted to explore the husband’s background.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What does the man think is the most popular website in his country
A. . B. . C. YouTube.
9. What does the man think of online information
A. It is reliable and helpful. B. It needs careful selection. C. It is convenient and diverse.
10. Why does the woman ask the man the questions
A. To learn about the man’s favorite websites.
B. To collect information for her research work.
C. To find out people’s reasons for visiting websites.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who does the man want a vocabulary book for
A. His child. B. Himself. C. His students.
12. Why does the man want to buy Delhi
A. It has been well received.
B. It is very popular with children.
C. It helps enlarge people’s vocabulary.
13. Which book does the man buy in the end
A. First 100 Words. B. Delhi. C. The Sunset Club.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why does the woman go to the man
A. To pay off her student loan. B. To apply for a part-time job. C. To ask for a recommendation.
15. How does the man feel after hearing the woman’s plan
A. Her plan is too ambitious.
B. She is really hard-working.
C. Students face heavy financial pressure.
16. Why does the man advise the woman to work in the library
A. It offers very good pay.
B. It only takes up a little of her time.
C. It gives her a chance to read books.
17. How much can the woman pocket if she works 9 hours a week
A. 20 dollars. B. 90 dollars. C. 180 dollars.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Why did the speaker care little about the sound quality
A. She was confident in her singing ability.
B. She enjoyed singing on an outdoor stage.
C. She believed it could potentially benefit her.
19. What did the speaker do to overcome her nervousness
A. Imagining herself to be a celebrity.
B. Asking the audience to cheer for her.
C. Getting encouragements from her teachers.
20. How did the singing contest influence her
A. She became more confident than ever.
B. She sought to become a professional singer.
C. She ranked among the top students at school.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are you interested in exploring the world of business, or planning to study Economics at university Join this summer program to study business and economics in the historic city of Oxford — home to many business leaders and world-leading companies.
Courses
Course code Description
E002 How do you create a brand We’ll explore key elements of what branding is and why it’s important.
E007 What makes a good manager Explore management theories and understand how good business is supported by good management.
E101 How does globalization influence business Learn about the patterns and effects of trade between countries.
E102 Your final class is based on your teachers’ personal expertise in the field, focusing on the research that they’re interested in.
Instructors
Jamie Dear: He was the former chair of Jacari, an Oxford University charity that provides free lessons for students who don’t speak English as their first language.
Ameya Kamath: He received a first-class honors degree in Economics at University College London.
Stephanie Lester: With senior leadership experience in a variety of education organizations, she is passionate about helping young people to succeed.
Isabella Menca: She studied Economics at the University of Oxford and has a special knowledge of the commercial legal system.
Key facts
Application deadline: 1st May
Application entrance: Submit the forms at the official website
Fees: 7,000 for native students, 7,100 for overseas students
Accommodation: Students can stay at the Oxford campus from 30th June to 13th July
1. What is the primary target audience of the summer program
A. University graduates pursuing advanced economics degrees.
B. High school students exploring business and economics.
C Professionals seeking legal commercial knowledge.
D. Non-English speakers requiring language training.
2. Who is an expert in business law
A. Jamie Dear. B. Ameya Kamath. C. Stephanie Lester. D. Isabella Menca.
3. What do we know about the program
A. Lower fees will apply to domestic students.
B. Applications will be accepted until 15th May.
C. Accommodation can be available for 3 weeks.
D. Registration forms should be submitted offline.
B
For centuries, the Scottish Highlands have been silent without the howl of wolves. Cruel hunting had wiped them out by the 18th century, causing an ecological crisis. Without natural killers, red deer populations exploded, destroying young trees and reducing native woodlands to less than 4% of Scotland’s land — the lowest in Europe. Now, scientists propose reintroducing wolves to restore balance.
Killers as they are, wolves are a “keystone” species: a brick in the arch (拱门) that holds its entire structure in place. In the US, bringing wolves back to several national ecosystems, most famously in Yellowstone National Park, has borne rich fruits. Releasing wolves in four Scottish regions could decrease deer density (密度) from 20 to 4 per square kilometer within two decades. A stable wolf population of around 167 would allow woodlands to regenerate naturally.
“The climate and biodiversity crises can’t be tackled separately,” says environmental scientist Dominick Spracklen. “Species reintroduction serves as an essential strategy to restore degraded ecosystems, which in turn can deliver co-benefits for climate and nature recovery.”
The scientists estimate each wolf can potentially restore enough woodlands to absorb 6,702 tons of CO2 annually, worth about $195,000 in today’s carbon market, which indicates that the following expansion of native woodlands would store 100 million tons of CO2 over 100 years, making an important contribution to national climate targets. Furthermore, mass expansion of woodlands, facilitated through the return of wolves, could provide potential economic benefits to landowners and communities through carbon finance (金融).
However, challenges remain. Ecologist and farmer Lee Schofield voiced his worry, “Wolves pose a massive threat to the local residents’ lives. Human-wildlife conflicts are common and must be addressed through public policies that account for people’s attitudes.”
Dominick believes lessons learned from the US and European wolf reintroductions will help here and, while wolves’ fearsome reputation remains, ecosystem collapse and extreme climate change are hardly toothless options.
4. What is the root cause of the ecological crisis in the Scottish Highlands
A. Human killing of wolves.
B. Industrial pollution.
C. Explosion of deer populations.
D. Loss of native woodlands.
5. Why does the author mention Yellowstone National Park
A. To erase doubts about keystone species.
B. To show the success of wolf reintroduction.
C. To compare methods of reducing deer density.
D. To interpret how to maintain ecological balance.
6. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A. The benefits of wolves’ return.
B. The effects of forests on climate.
C. The importance of carbon finance.
D. The link between wolves and economy.
7. In which aspect do wolves mainly threaten locals according to Lee Schofield
A. Reputation. B. Psychology. C. Property. D. Security.
C
Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.
Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction.
Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about
In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.”
This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.
8. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen.
B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment.
C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria.
D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance.
9. What did Lingchong You find in his study
A. How sponges are exactly structured. B. What encourages bacterial growth.
C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other.
10. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges
A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive,
C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely distributed.
11. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph
A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria.
C. Methods to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria.
D
Echo chambers (信息茧房) have become a topic of concern in the digital age. They refer to environments where individuals are only exposed to opinions similar to their own, and different perspectives are rarely considered. Many believe that echo chambers limit intellectual growth, which can be damaging to our understanding of diverse viewpoints.
However, recent studies have questioned the extent to which echo chambers truly exist in digital technologies. Some articles even doubt their existence, suggesting that the claim of digital media habits making our prejudices stronger is itself a prejudiced statement. The truth seems to be more complex. A survey of Internet users found that individuals with a deeper understanding of their interests and better digital skills are more capable of seeking out diverse opinions. On the other hand, those who lack these skills may experience cognitive (认知) stress, leading to a narrow focus in their information search.
Social media behavior analysis provides further insight. One study of Twitter users revealed that while most users shared a range of opinions, the most active one percent displayed highly polarized (两极化的) views, which were followed more widely. This indicates that echo chambers may have a significant impact on opinion spread. People who frequently express strong opinions receive more reinforcement, leading to increased polarization. This effect is made stronger by social media that promote content similar to one’s existing views.
The available evidence does suggest that echo chambers exist, although not all digital communication occurs within them, but the research suggests that they have a disproportionate influence on the spread of opinions and may well be a product of the type of reinforcement experienced and delivered digitally. They will generate a reduced range of more polarized views, and they cannot be ignored — even if that is an uncomfortable fact for media companies keen to promote themselves as defenders of free speech.
12. In paragraph 1, a definition is given to ______.
A. respond to a concern
B. compare different perspectives
C. address a warning of a problem
D. introduce different views on echo chambers
13. What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A. Prejudices contribute to echo chambers.
B. Diverse opinions confuse Internet users.
C Media habits tend to become increasingly complex.
D. Digital skills can help avoid narrow information acquisition.
14. What’s a cause of polarized view
A. Social media promotion,
B. Contrast in existing views.
C. Inappropriate online behavior.
D. Instant digital communication,
15. What’s the best title of the text
A. Are We Ready for the Digital Age
B. Arc Echo Chambers Really in Existence
C. How Can Media Companies Support Free Speech
D. How Are People Influenced by the Spread of Opinions
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Books often struggle to engage modern readers, and this can be especially true for nonfiction. For many people, it’s less exciting and less emotional than fiction. However, the problem may not be with nonfiction, but how they read it.
Some people start a nonfiction book but quit after reading a few chapters. They read probably because someone gives them the book or everyone is reading it. That’s not helpful to stay in a committed relationship with nonfiction.____16____No matter what yours is, write it down before starting to read. It’ll prepare your mind on what to look for in that book.
If you’re already a fiction reader, start with narrative nonfiction, which carries a strong storytelling element. This kind of writing is so engaging that you may almost forget the story being told is factual. ___17___However, if you still feel burdened by an entire book, an anthology (选集) might be a perfect solution. As collections of shorter pieces, anthologies aim to bring together the best writing on a particular subject.____18____Once you’re drawn in, you’ll find more to read.
____19____For those who prefer highlighting and taking notes, a physical book may be a nice choice. In contrast, e-books are ideal if portability (便携性) or the ability to adjust the text are your priorities. However, if you’re already a listener to nonfiction recorded programs, audio books might be the perfect fit for you.
Reading nonfiction can be challenging, but remember there’s always a book on the topic that interests you. It may be about historical events that shape our lives or stories where truth outshines fiction.____20____
A. So it requires a personal insight into the book.
B. Some of the pieces are sure to grab your interest.
C. It’s a natural bridge between fiction and nonfiction.
D. Instead, you should have a clear objective of reading.
E. Reading habits affect our selections of nonfiction topics.
F. Choosing suitable formats is also key to enjoying nonfiction.
G. Whichever it is, the time spent on nonfiction can be rewarding.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The story of Brave Gelert is known to many people. Gelert was a dog that faithfully ____21____ the prince’s son, but was then killed by the prince ____22____ a terrible misunderstanding. However, only a few people know that the story is really a pack of ____23____. Let me explain.
About a hundred or so years ago there was a hotel owner in Wales who was fed up with ____24____ being so bad. His hotel was stuck in the middle of ____25____ and hardly anyone came to stay. Then, one day, he had a(n) ____26____. A famous ____27____ called Llewellyn had lived in the area during the Middle Ages and had been ____28____ dogs. This is hardly ____29____ as hunting was extremely popular at that time. So what he did was to ______30______ the story of the brave and faithful Gelert and how he had been killed by his ______31______ master.
Of course, people would be far more likely to ______32______ the story if there was something they could see. So one day, the hotel keeper went to the top of a high hill and built a sort of ______33______ from the stones he found lying around. A friend of his, who was an accountant, helped him to construct it. The “tale” soon ______34______ and developed a life of its own. Afterwards, people came from far and wide to see the spot where the dog was buried. ______35______, business became very good for the hotel owner.
21. A. contained B. defended C. attacked D. fed
22. A. on account of B. on the basis of C. except for D. in addition to
23. A. lies B. animals C. facts D. procedures
24. A. people B. business C. dogs D. fortune
25. A. somewhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere
26. A. mission B. escape C. idea D. reflection
27. A. cook B. assistant C. prince D. manager
28. A. keen on B. tired of C. sensitive to D. familiar with
29. A. believable B. satisfying C. manageable D. surprising
30. A. make up B. judge C. refer to D. disguise
31. A. inflexible B. sympathetic C. ungrateful D. mighty
32. A. ignore B. believe C. replace D. explore
33. A. shelter B. accommodation C. settlement D. monument
34. A. turned around B. disappeared C. caught on D. floated
35. A. Frankly B. Undoubtedly C. Briefly D. Generally
第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Archaeologists have unearthed the smallest known cat fossil (化石) at the Hualongdong site in eastern China. It has been identified as ___36___ extinct species of leopard cat named Prionailurus kurteni, which was so small that it could ___37___ (comfortable) fit in a hand. It was comparable ___38___ size to the two smallest existing feline (猫科) species — the rusty-spotted cat and the black-footed cat.
The ___39___ (origin) biology research supported the belief of a common ancestor for the leopard cat, the domestic cat and Pallas cat. However, no fossil evidence had been identified before the ___40___ (discover). Forest habitats ___41___ leopard cats live are not ideally suited to bone preservation.
Finding the fossil of an inclined first molar (臼齿) means ___42___ (have) evidence from its jawbone and teeth that supports the idea of a common ancestor for all three cat species.
Chinese scientists have discovered dozens of primitive human fossils at the site dating back 300,000 years. These fossils ___43___ (find) so far are the earliest ones in East Asia, which are part of the evolutionary process of modern humans. They first ___44___ (appear) in Africa some 315,000 years ago, but it wasn’t until around 45,000 years ago ____45____ they emerged in eastern Asia. The animal fossils help cast light on the environment, diet and potential threats faced by primitive humans.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你所在城市的博物馆正在策划一场“云游博物馆奇妙周”的线上活动以庆祝“国际博物馆日”。请给你的美国朋友Jim 写一封推介信，内容包括：
1. 推介理由；2. 活动内容。
云游博物馆奇妙周Digital Museum Adventure Week
注意：
1. 词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第一节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One pleasant New-year morning, Edward rose, washed and dressed himself in a hurry. He wanted to be the first to wish a happy New Year to his family. He turned up at every door of the house, and shouted the words of “Happy New Year” in an excited voice. After a quick breakfast he hopped along the street like a happy bird, greeted and repeated the words to those he met.
When he came back, his father gave him 50 dollars, saying he could buy whatever he had been wishing for. His face lighted up as he took them. He had wished for a long time to buy some interesting books that he had seen at the bookstore located near the river through the city. He thanked his father and danced out of the house again with a light heart, intending to buy those books.
As he ran down the street, he noticed a poor family, the father, the mother, and three children shivering with cold in the winter wind. “I wish you a happy New Year,” cried Edward as he was happily passing on. The man took a look at the happy boy and shook his head sadly.
Edward stopped and said, “It seems that you do not belong to this country.” The man again shook his head, a confused expression flashed over his face, for he could not understand or speak English.
But the poor man pointed to his dry mouth, and to the children with hungry looks, as if to say, “These little ones have had nothing to eat for a long time.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Edward realized that these poor people were in trouble.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“My dear boy,” said his father, “Here are a dozen of books for you.”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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