资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
北京市2024-2025学年八年级下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024春 东城区期末）My sister likes playing table tennis very much. favourite player is Ma Long.（　　）
A．His B．Her C．Our D．Their
2．（2024春 东城区期末）We celebrated the ninth Space Day of China April 24，2024.（　　）
A．on B．by C．at D．in
3．（2024春 东城区期末）It's difficult for Jane to learn maths， she still works hard on it.（　　）
A．and B．or C．but D．so
4．（2024春 东城区期末）Ya'an is one of ________ cities in China.（　　）
A．beautiful B．more beautiful
C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful
5．（2024春 西城区期末） I refuse ____________ all the fried food because I want to keep fit.（　　）
A． eat B． to eat C． eating D． ate
6．（2024春 西城区期末）— Sam，you ____________ the table yet.It's all messy!
— Sorry.I'll do it immediately.（　　）
A． haven't cleared B． weren't clearing
C． won't clear D． don't clear
7．（2024春 西城区期末） It ____________ the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.（　　）
A． takes B． will take C． has taken D． took
8．（2023 平谷区一模）— Could you please tell me ________？
— Next Thursday morning.（　　）
A．when we will visit the Science Museum
B．when will we visit the Science Museum
C．when we visited the Science Museum
D．when did we visit the Science Museum
二．完形填空（共2小题）
9．（2024春 昌平区期末）
Dear Mum， I am writing to tell you everything is fine.I arrived safely（1）　 　 8：10 am this morning. The camp leader，Mr.Green，welcomed us and introduced（2）　 　 as an experienced teacher.Later，I met other kids from different schools.The camp started with some ice﹣breaking games.Before these games，everyone was quiet and shy to talk（3）　 　 we soon became close friends. I can't wait for more activities with new friends. Love， Chris
（1） A.on B.at C.in D.to
（2） A.himself B.themselves C.myself D.ourselves
（3） A.and B.but C.so D.or
10．（2024春 西城区期末） Sam and his family were spending their holiday at the seaside.When Sam and his grandma stood on the beach watching the sunrise，a perfect shell （1）　 　 ashore （上岸）.Sam quickly picked it up and turned it over.Inside，the shell was as pink as a rabbit's ears.
"It is a gift from the sea，"said Grandma."Take good care of it."
"I will，"said Sam.
Sam （2）　 　 showed his treasure to his family.His parents loved it，but his brother Vikram thought it was nothing special.
The next day，Sam （3）　 　 the shell on the shelf in their cottage（小屋） and then went with his family to the boardwalk.Vikram didn't go with them，because he was busy taking pictures.
At the boardwalk，Sam saw shells on sale，but none were as （4）　 　 as his.Back at the cottage，he ran to his room to admire（欣赏） the shell.But it was gone!
"Dad，where is my shell？"Sam cried.
"Where did you put it？"Dad asked.
"I put it on the shelf but it's not there!"answered Sam.Then something caught his eye…under Vikram's bed."Vikram took it，"he said.
"I did not!"shouted Vikram."I was taking pictures at the beach.Who cares about your （5）　 　 shell？"
Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer.He checked on his （6）　 　 twice before everyone went to the beach for the last time.
That afternoon，Sam and his family packed （收拾行李） to go home.Sam opened his drawer only to find his shell gone again.
During dinner，Sam （7）　 　 his family.He thought someone was hiding his shell.Who？And why？
Suddenly，his missing shell walked into the room."Look!"said Sam，pointing.
Everyone looked.The shell that was pink inside now had （8）　 　 that raced for the door.It turned out to be a hermit crab.Everyone was amazed.Sam ran over and picked it up."I'll call you Sandy，"said Sam."You can live at my house."
"He already has a home，"said Grandma.
Sam （9）　 　 how his shell had washed up from the ocean.That was Sandy's real home.That was where he wanted to be.
"Grandma，will you come to the beach with me again？I have to （10）　 　 a gift." Grandma smiled.
（1） A.drove B.swam C.washed D.pointed
（2） A.proudly B.shyly C.secretly D.politely
（3） A.found B.left C.lost D.threw
（4） A.special B.big C.clean D.strong
（5） A.perfect B.valuable C.dangerous D.boring
（6） A.shelf B.treasure C.surprise D.picture
（7） A.expected B.noticed C.believed D.studied
（8） A.legs B.hands C.ears D.eyes
（9） A.regretted B.imagined C.remembered D.discovered
（10） A.send B.receive C.offer D.return
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
11．（2024春 昌平区期末）
The "Chair"
There was once a boy called Mario who loved to show off how many friends he had at school.One day his grandfather said to him， "Mario，I bet you a big bag of popcorn you don't have as many friends as you think.I'm sure many are nothing more than acquaintance （略有交情，熟人） or partners."
Mario agreed to the bet without a second thought.However，he wasn't sure how to test who were real friends，so he asked his grandpa. "Take this.It's an invisible （透明的） 'chair'.If you take it to school and manage to sit on it，you can tell who your real friends are." his grandpa said.
Mario took the special "chair" to school.At break time he asked everyone to form a circle，and stood in the middle，with his "chair".Mario tried hard to sit on the "chair".Having difficulty seeing it，he missed and fell down many times.Everyone had a pretty good laugh.
"Wait，wait，just a small problem，" he said.But again he missed the seat，causing more surprised looks.Mario tried many times until，suddenly，he sat in mid﹣air...
Then he finally experienced the magic that his grandfather had been talking about.Looking around，Mario saw George，Lucas，and Diana﹣﹣﹣three of his best friends﹣﹣﹣holding him up with their strong arms，so he wouldn't fall.Meanwhile，many others he had thought of as friends had done nothing but making fun of him，enjoying his every fall.
And there the show came to an end.Leaving with his three friends，he explained to them the magic "chair" test.And he learned true friends are those who care for us，and not just any acquaintance who happens to be passing by.A real friend would be less likely to make fun of us.
（1）What bet did Grandpa have with Mario？ 　 　
A.Surprise could come after falling.
B.Nobody would make fun of Mario.
C.If the "chair" could be visible or not.
D.Mario didn't have many true friends.
（2）How did Mario finally sit in his "chair"？ 　 　
A.His friends held him.
B.His grandpa taught him.
C.He tried many times.
D.He experienced the magic.
（3）From the magic "chair" test，Mario learned about 　 　 .
A.the meaning of real friends
B.the value of family members
C.the ways to make new friends
D.the key to working with friends
12．（2024春 东城区期末） Many teenagers often stay up late on school nights.Maybe they have homework or want to spend time with friends.Or maybe it's just hard for them to fall asleep.
"Teenage years are sometimes known as the 'perfect storm' of sleep problems." says Rafael Pelayo，a sleep doctor.Teenagers need regular sleep to be physically and mentally（精神上）healthy.But their biological clocks change during this period（时期）.Their bodies want to stay awake later at night and sleep later ir the morning.School still starts early，though.As a result，most teenagers do not get enough sleep.These kids are more likely to have physical and mental illnesses.
Andrew Fuligni，who studies the mental health of teenagers，wanted to find out which sleep habits help teenagers feel and perform（表现）their best.His team studied 419 students between the ages of 13 and 19.Every day for two weeks，these students wrote down when they fell asleep and woke up，and their moods（情绪）and feelings the next day，such as their happiness，anxiety and pain.
Most students reported good moods after a night of eight to ten hours of sleep. "Too much sleep and too little sleep both bring problems，"says Fuligni.Among the students with eight﹣to﹣ten﹣hour sleep each day，older kids seemed to need the least sleep."A 17﹣year﹣old does not need as much sleep as a I4﹣year﹣old in order to perform well every day，"Fuligni found.Even among kids the same age，everyone needed a different amount （量）of sleep to feel good.One reason could be different health conditions.For example，kids with anxiety seemed to need more sleep.
Until schools change their start times，teenagers have to help themselves.Pelayo suggests teenagers sleep for ten hours each night for a week or two.This will help them find out how much sleep they need to feel their best.
Sleeping more on weekends to make up for missing sleep during the week isn't a good idea.Fuligni warns that getting different amounts of sleep each night can be bad for mental health.Pelayo agrees."The amount of sleep you get on weekdays and weekends should be the same，"he says.
（1）According to Rafael Pelayo，why do teenagers stay up late？ 　 　
A.They have too much homework.
B.They want to spend time with friends.
C.Their bodies don't need a lot of sleep.
D.Their biological clocks keep them awake.
（2）What did Fuligni and his team's study show？ 　 　
A.A younger teenager needed less﹣sleep than an older one.
B.The more time a teenager slept，the better moods he had.
C.Teenagers at the same age needed the same amount of sleep.
D.Teenagers with a daily eight﹣to﹣ten﹣hour sleep had good moods.
（3）Fuligni and Pelayo both suggest that 　 　
A.teenagers should sleep for ten hours each night
B.teenagers should try to get as much sleep as they can
.teenagers should get the same amount of sleep every day
D.teenagers should have more sleep on weekends than on weekdays
13．（2024春 西城区期末） Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets （planets outside our solar system） has changed science fiction（小说）.Now，books and movies present these planets more exactly，making science fiction more important than before.
Imagine learning about stars in a classroom.You could start with complex（复杂的） pictures and facts，or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet，Tatooine.Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class？
Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired（激励） scientists to go for their dreams.For this reason，it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public，even complex ideas.To be sure that this is a useful way，it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science.
Emma Johann a Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research，studying a lot of science fiction works，including novels，movies，TV shows，podcasts，and video games to see how science fiction reflects（反映） real scientific discoveries about exoplanets."Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene（场景） on an exoplanet，"explains Puranen."The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun﹣like star was discovered."
"Traditionally in science fiction，mostly there have been Earth﹣like planets，" explains Puranen."But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth﹣like."
According to real science，many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the"Goldllocks zone"，where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it."I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it's raining diamonds，which you see in the media，"says Puranen.
Science fiction，in a way，reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time.This makes it a valuable tool for science communication.It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.
This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity.While exploring the universe，science fiction can develop curiosity（好奇心） and make further research possible，making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other.
（1）The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to 　 　 .
A.explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way
B.present the result of the latest research about exoplanets
C.show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone
D.introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director
（2）How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet？ 　 　
A.It gives more attention to Earth.
B.It describes the Earth differently.
C.Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets.
D.Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth﹣like.
（3）The words"Goldilocks zone"in Paragraph 6 most probably mean 　 　 .
A.a space found on an exoplanet
B.an important part of our solar system
C an area which is good for scientific activities
D.a place that provides living environment for life
（4）The writer probably agrees that 　 　 .
A.science fiction has played an active part in communicating science
B.scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination
C.science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries
D.new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024春 昌平区期末） Everyone wants to be successful.Here are some best books to read for teenagers' success.
A The book will help you to become a good leader.It shows you how to face each level and go up to the next level.Besides，it isn't just about leadership.It's a guide to help you reach your highest possibility and be a better person. B This book is your guide for a happy life.It will show you how to improve your life right now instead of waiting for the outside world to change. It shows the art and science of getting happier life.
C This book includes 100+ practices to add the skills in building relationships for teens.You can find some common questions and best solutions.It will help you build healthier and better relationships. D This book shows teens how to make smart decisions about the 6 most important choices they will face.The writer uses real stories from teens around the world.It shows how to succeed in school，and much more.
（1）　 　
Alice I want to get some advice about how to live a happy life.
（2）　 　
Daming I am afraid of making decisions and I want to learn some skills about it.
（3）　 　
Li Hua I have some difficulties in building relationships and I need some useful ways to help me.
15．（2024春 西城区期末） Did you know tomato ketchup，the most popular sauce （酱），was invented in China？It dates back thousands of years.People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting （发酵） fish and shrimp.At first，this early ketchup was known only in southern China.After around 200 B.C.（Han Dynasty），the fish sauce became popular in the whole country，especially in a place called Fujian.There，the sauce got the name ketchup，which means fish sauce in Hokkien，the language of southern Fujian.Later，people from Fujian began to travel to places like Indonesia，where they built factories for making traditional Chinese sauces like ketchup—and that's where the British first discovered it.
In the early 1600s，British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup.Their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.Before long，they brought lots of ketchup home.But it was expensive，so the British started trying to make their own.A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe（配方） with beer，fish，mushrooms，and spices.
It was in the mid﹣1800s that the British started using tomatoes in ketchup.This was different from the fishy ketchup.Since tomatoes went bad fast，the company，Heinz，began to use vinegar （醋） in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.
In the late 1800s，ketchup production and popularity began to rise in America.So，the makers in America increased ketchup production，creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste.It was a bit sweeter and thicker than British ketchup.By around 1910，ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today.
However，there are also some differences between the ketchup of 1910 and today.In today's ketchup，corn syrup （玉米糖浆） is used，not sugar.What's more，to meet people's needs for a healthy lifestyle，some companies also make healthier ones without sugar.
From a fishy sauce in ancient Asia to a"goes﹣great﹣with﹣everything"sauce，ketchup has a long history full of changes.
（1）Who made the first ketchup？
　 　
（2）Why did British sailors like ketchup？
　 　
（3）When did ketchup begin to look like the one we eat today？
　 　
（4）From a fishy sauce to today's ketchup，what are the reasons for changing the ketchup recipe？（At least 3 reasons）
　 　
五．书面表达（共2小题）
16．（2024春 东城区期末）根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不用写出你的校名和姓名。
兴趣爱好是我们生活中重要的一部分。良好的爱好不仅可以带给我们快乐，也可以帮助我们学习知识和技能。
某英文网站正在开展以"爱好"为主题的征文活动，假设你是李华，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一下你的爱好是什么，是如何开始的，你平时如何坚持这项爱好，以及它给你带来的益处。
提示词语：reading，cartoon books，spend，relaxed，learn
提示问题： What is your hobby？
How did it start？
What do you usually do to keep it now？
What benefits（益处）does it bring to you？
Hobbies play an important part in our lives.________
17．（2024春 西城区期末）请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40 词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。
在我们的人生旅程中，"做更好的自己"是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以"Be a better me"为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。
提示词语：confident，experience.nervous.grow，improve
提示问题：
（1）What made you"a better you''？
（2）What happened？
（3）What have you learned from it？
Be a better me
_____
北京市2024-2025学年八年级下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024春 东城区期末）My sister likes playing table tennis very much. favourite player is Ma Long.（　　）
A．His B．Her C．Our D．Their
【考点】形容词性物主代词．
【答案】B
【分析】我姐姐非常喜欢打乒乓球。她最喜欢的球员是马龙。
【解答】His他的；Her她的；Our我们的；Their他们的。根据前面的My sister"我姐姐"，可知此处应用形容词性物主代词Her。
故选：B。
【点评】掌握形容词性物主代词的用法和含义是解答本题的关键。
2．（2024春 东城区期末）We celebrated the ninth Space Day of China April 24，2024.（　　）
A．on B．by C．at D．in
【考点】时间介词．
【答案】A
【分析】我们在2024年4月24日庆祝了中国第九个太空日。
【解答】on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午，下午或晚上；by通过；at用于具体的时刻前面；in用在年、月、上下午的前面。根据April 24"4月24日"可知，在具体某一天用介词on。
故选：A。
【点评】分析选项介词意思，积累一些介词用法，结合语境，选择正确答案。
3．（2024春 东城区期末）It's difficult for Jane to learn maths， she still works hard on it.（　　）
A．and B．or C．but D．so
【考点】表示转折关系的连词．
【答案】C
【分析】对简来说学习数学是困难的，但她仍然努力学习。
【解答】and和；or或者、否则；but但是；so所以。根据"对简来说学习数学是困难的，......她仍然努力学习。"可知，应该是"但是"，表示转折用but。
故选：C。
【点评】连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系，要结合语境，选择合适连词用法。
4．（2024春 东城区期末）Ya'an is one of ________ cities in China.（　　）
A．beautiful B．more beautiful
C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful
【考点】形容词的最高级．
【答案】D
【分析】雅安是中国最美丽的城市之一。
【解答】根据句中"one of...cities in China"可知，此处结构为"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式"，表示"最……之一"。选项中A为形容词原形，B为比较级，C为最高级缺少the，此处D为最高级正确形式，D.the most beautiful符合语境。
故选：D。
【点评】本题考查形容词的最高级。要求学生熟练掌握此类知识点，结合语境，做出正确解答。
5．（2024春 西城区期末） I refuse ____________ all the fried food because I want to keep fit.（　　）
A． eat B． to eat C． eating D． ate
【考点】动词不定式的一般式．
【答案】B
【分析】我拒绝吃所有油炸食品，因为我想保持健康。
【解答】eat吃，动词原形；to eat不定式；eating动名词/现在分词；ate过去式。根据观察可知题干使用了refuse to do sth短语，意思是"拒绝做某事"，空格处填to eat。
故选：B。
【点评】熟练掌握动词不定式的基本用法，本题考查动词不定式作动词的宾语。
6．（2024春 西城区期末）— Sam，you ____________ the table yet.It's all messy!
— Sorry.I'll do it immediately.（　　）
A． haven't cleared B． weren't clearing
C． won't clear D． don't clear
【考点】现在完成时的基本用法．
【答案】A
【分析】—山姆，你还没有清理桌子。太乱了！
—对不起，我马上做。
【解答】clear清理，是动词。A现在完成时；B过去进行时；C一般将来时；D一般现在时。根据It's all messy!（太乱了！）可知，此处是你还没有清理桌子。根据语境是现在完成时。
故选：A。
【点评】考查动词时态。需要分析句中各个成分，根据句子，选出正确答案。
7．（2024春 西城区期末） It ____________ the writer several months to finish the book Red Star Over China in the 1930s.（　　）
A． takes B． will take C． has taken D． took
【考点】一般过去时．
【答案】D
【分析】在20世纪30年代，作者花了几个月的时间完成了《红星照耀中国》一书。
【解答】takes第三人称单数形式；will take一般将来时；has taken现在完成时；took过去式。根据in the 1930s"在20世纪30年代"可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式took。
故选：D。
【点评】一般过去时态通常表示事情发生在过去，注意谓语动词过去式的变法，分析时间状语，结合语境完成试题。
8．（2023 平谷区一模）— Could you please tell me ________？
— Next Thursday morning.（　　）
A．when we will visit the Science Museum
B．when will we visit the Science Museum
C．when we visited the Science Museum
D．when did we visit the Science Museum
【考点】宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的时态．
【答案】A
【分析】——你能告诉我我们将在什么时候参观自然博物馆吗？
——下周四早上。
【解答】宾语从句用陈述语序，选项BD是疑问语序，排除选项BD；在结合答语"下周四早上"可知，宾语从句用一般将来时，再排除选项C。句首的could表示委婉语气，不是过去式。
故选：A。
【点评】宾语从句要用陈述语序，再根据上下文意思或时间状语，推断出合适的时态，排除错误的答案，然后再比较剩下的选择项，从而做出正确的答案。
二．完形填空（共2小题）
9．（2024春 昌平区期末）
Dear Mum， I am writing to tell you everything is fine.I arrived safely（1）　B　 8：10 am this morning. The camp leader，Mr.Green，welcomed us and introduced（2）　A　 as an experienced teacher.Later，I met other kids from different schools.The camp started with some ice﹣breaking games.Before these games，everyone was quiet and shy to talk（3）　B　 we soon became close friends. I can't wait for more activities with new friends. Love， Chris
（1） A.on B.at C.in D.to
（2） A.himself B.themselves C.myself D.ourselves
（3） A.and B.but C.so D.or
【考点】应用文；日常生活．
【答案】BAB
【分析】本文介绍了克里斯给妈妈写信报平安，他早上8：10安全到达营地。营地负责人格林先生欢迎了他们，并介绍克里斯是一位经验丰富的老师。克里斯遇到了来自不同学校的孩子们，通过一些破冰游戏，大家从刚开始的安静害羞很快就变成了亲密的朋友。克里斯非常期待与新朋友们一起参加更多的活动。
【解答】（1）考查介词。句意：我今天早上8点10分安全到达。A.在（后跟日期、星期等），B.在（后跟具体的几点），C.在（后跟年、月、季节等），D.朝。根据8：10 am （早上8点10分）是具体的几点，用at。故选B。
（2）考查反身代词。句意：营长格林先生欢迎我们，并介绍他自己是一位经验丰富的教师。A.他自己，B.他们自己，C.我自己，D.我们自己。根据The camp leader，Mr.Green，welcomed us（营长格林先生欢迎我们）可知是并介绍他自己是一位经验丰富的教师。故选A。
（3）考查连词。句意：在这些游戏之前，每个人都很安静，害羞的说话，但是我们很快成为了好朋友。A.和，B.但是，C.所以，D.或者。根据Before these games，everyone was quiet and shy to talk（在这些游戏之前，每个人都很安静，害羞的说话）we soon became close friends（我们很快成为了好朋友）前后句表示转折关系，用but。故选B。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
10．（2024春 西城区期末） Sam and his family were spending their holiday at the seaside.When Sam and his grandma stood on the beach watching the sunrise，a perfect shell （1）　C　 ashore （上岸）.Sam quickly picked it up and turned it over.Inside，the shell was as pink as a rabbit's ears.
"It is a gift from the sea，"said Grandma."Take good care of it."
"I will，"said Sam.
Sam （2）　A　 showed his treasure to his family.His parents loved it，but his brother Vikram thought it was nothing special.
The next day，Sam （3）　B　 the shell on the shelf in their cottage（小屋） and then went with his family to the boardwalk.Vikram didn't go with them，because he was busy taking pictures.
At the boardwalk，Sam saw shells on sale，but none were as （4）　A　 as his.Back at the cottage，he ran to his room to admire（欣赏） the shell.But it was gone!
"Dad，where is my shell？"Sam cried.
"Where did you put it？"Dad asked.
"I put it on the shelf but it's not there!"answered Sam.Then something caught his eye…under Vikram's bed."Vikram took it，"he said.
"I did not!"shouted Vikram."I was taking pictures at the beach.Who cares about your （5）　D　 shell？"
Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer.He checked on his （6）　B　 twice before everyone went to the beach for the last time.
That afternoon，Sam and his family packed （收拾行李） to go home.Sam opened his drawer only to find his shell gone again.
During dinner，Sam （7）　D　 his family.He thought someone was hiding his shell.Who？And why？
Suddenly，his missing shell walked into the room."Look!"said Sam，pointing.
Everyone looked.The shell that was pink inside now had （8）　A　 that raced for the door.It turned out to be a hermit crab.Everyone was amazed.Sam ran over and picked it up."I'll call you Sandy，"said Sam."You can live at my house."
"He already has a home，"said Grandma.
Sam （9）　B　 how his shell had washed up from the ocean.That was Sandy's real home.That was where he wanted to be.
"Grandma，will you come to the beach with me again？I have to （10）　D　 a gift." Grandma smiled.
（1） A.drove B.swam C.washed D.pointed
（2） A.proudly B.shyly C.secretly D.politely
（3） A.found B.left C.lost D.threw
（4） A.special B.big C.clean D.strong
（5） A.perfect B.valuable C.dangerous D.boring
（6） A.shelf B.treasure C.surprise D.picture
（7） A.expected B.noticed C.believed D.studied
（8） A.legs B.hands C.ears D.eyes
（9） A.regretted B.imagined C.remembered D.discovered
（10） A.send B.receive C.offer D.return
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【答案】CABAD BDABD
【分析】文章讲述了Sam在海滩上找到一只特别的贝壳，后来发现贝壳内藏着一只寄居蟹，通过这段经历，Sam体会到真正的家不是他们的小屋，而是海洋。
【解答】（1）考查动词。句意：当Sam和他的奶奶站在海滩上看日出时，一只完美的贝壳被冲上了岸。A.drove 开车；B.swam 游泳；C.washed 洗；D.pointed 指。根据下文how his shell had washed up from the ocean.（他的贝壳是如何从海洋中被冲上来的。）可知，此处描述一只完美的贝壳被冲上岸，故选C。
（2）考查副词。句意：Sam自豪地向家人展示了他的宝贝。A.proudly 自豪地；B.shyly 害羞地；C.secretly 秘密地；D.politely 礼貌地。根据语境，Sam觉得贝壳是他的宝贝，因而应是自豪地展示他的贝壳，故选A。
（3）考查动词。句意：第二天，Sam把贝壳留在小屋的架子上，然后和家人一起去了木板路。A.found 发现；B.left 离开，留下；C.lost 丢失；D.threw 扔。根据The next day，Sam ......the shell on the shelf in their cottage（小屋） and then went with his family to the boardwalk.（第二天，Sam把贝壳......在小屋的架子上，然后和家人一起去了木板路。）可知，此处描述Sam把贝壳留在架子上，和家人一起出去了，故选B。
（4）考查形容词。句意：在木板路上，山姆看到出售的贝壳，但没有一个像他的那样好。A.special 特别的；B.big 大的；C.clean 干净的；D.strong 强壮的。根据Sam自豪地展示他的宝贝给家人可知，Sam应是认为他的贝壳是特别的，因而此处描述没有一只贝壳像他的那样特别，故选A。
（5）考查形容词。句意：谁在乎你的无聊的贝壳？A.perfect 完美的；B.valuable 有价值的；C.dangerous 危险的；D.boring 无聊的。根据but his brother Vikram thought it was nothing special.（但他的兄弟Vikram认为这没什么特别的。）可知，此处描述Vikram不认为Sam的贝壳特别，因而应是觉得不在他无聊的贝壳，故选D。
（6）考查名词。句意：在每个人最后一次去海滩之前，他检查了他的宝藏两次。A.shelf 架子；B.treasure 宝藏；C.surprise 惊喜；D.picture 图片。根据Sam didn't say a word but quietly hid the shell under his clothes in a drawer.（Sam一句话也没说，只是悄悄地把贝壳藏在抽屉里的衣服下面。）结合上文Sam proudly showed his treasure to his family.（Sam自豪地向他的家人展示他的宝藏。）可知，Sam认为贝壳是他的宝藏，Sam把贝壳藏在抽屉里的衣服下面，因而应为检查了他的"宝藏"两遍，故选B。
（7）考查动词。句意：晚饭时，Sam研究他的家人。A.expected 期待；B.noticed 注意到；C.believed 相信；D.studied 研究。根据He thought someone was hiding his shell.Who？And why？（他觉得有人藏了他的贝壳，谁？为什么？）可知，此处描述Sam研究他的家人，看谁和为什么藏了他的贝壳，故选D。
（8）考查名词。句意：贝壳里原本粉红色的内壳现在有腿奔向门口。"A.legs 腿；B.hands 手；C.ears 耳朵；D.eyes 眼睛。根据raced for the door.It turned out to be a hermit crab.（奔向门口。原来是一只寄居蟹。）可知，此处描述贝壳其实是一个寄居蟹，应是有腿奔向门口，故选A。
（9）考查动词。句意：Sam能想象到贝壳是如何从海洋被冲上来的。A.regretted 后悔；B.imagined 想象；C.remembered 记得；D.discovered 发现。根据句意，此处描述Sam想象贝壳是如何从海洋被冲上来的，故选B。
（10）考查动词。句意：" 奶奶，你再和我一起去海边吗？我返还一份礼物。"奶奶笑了。A.send 寄送；B.receive 接收；C.offer 提供；D.return 归还。根据上文 "It is a gift from the sea，"said Grandma.（"这是大海的礼物，"奶奶说。）可知，此处应是描述Sam要将这份礼物返还给大海，故选D。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
11．（2024春 昌平区期末）
The "Chair"
There was once a boy called Mario who loved to show off how many friends he had at school.One day his grandfather said to him， "Mario，I bet you a big bag of popcorn you don't have as many friends as you think.I'm sure many are nothing more than acquaintance （略有交情，熟人） or partners."
Mario agreed to the bet without a second thought.However，he wasn't sure how to test who were real friends，so he asked his grandpa. "Take this.It's an invisible （透明的） 'chair'.If you take it to school and manage to sit on it，you can tell who your real friends are." his grandpa said.
Mario took the special "chair" to school.At break time he asked everyone to form a circle，and stood in the middle，with his "chair".Mario tried hard to sit on the "chair".Having difficulty seeing it，he missed and fell down many times.Everyone had a pretty good laugh.
"Wait，wait，just a small problem，" he said.But again he missed the seat，causing more surprised looks.Mario tried many times until，suddenly，he sat in mid﹣air...
Then he finally experienced the magic that his grandfather had been talking about.Looking around，Mario saw George，Lucas，and Diana﹣﹣﹣three of his best friends﹣﹣﹣holding him up with their strong arms，so he wouldn't fall.Meanwhile，many others he had thought of as friends had done nothing but making fun of him，enjoying his every fall.
And there the show came to an end.Leaving with his three friends，he explained to them the magic "chair" test.And he learned true friends are those who care for us，and not just any acquaintance who happens to be passing by.A real friend would be less likely to make fun of us.
（1）What bet did Grandpa have with Mario？ 　D　
A.Surprise could come after falling.
B.Nobody would make fun of Mario.
C.If the "chair" could be visible or not.
D.Mario didn't have many true friends.
（2）How did Mario finally sit in his "chair"？ 　A　
A.His friends held him.
B.His grandpa taught him.
C.He tried many times.
D.He experienced the magic.
（3）From the magic "chair" test，Mario learned about 　A　 .
A.the meaning of real friends
B.the value of family members
C.the ways to make new friends
D.the key to working with friends
【考点】记叙文；家庭、朋友与周围的人．
【答案】DAA
【分析】短文讲述了一个名叫Mario的男孩，他喜欢炫耀自己在学校有很多朋友。一天，他的祖父和他打赌，认为他并没有那么多真正的朋友。为了验证这一点，Mario带着祖父给的一把"隐形椅子"去学校测试。在多次尝试坐下失败并被大家嘲笑后，他的三个最好的朋友George、Lucas和Diana用手臂扶住了他，而其他许多人只是嘲笑他。最终，Mario明白了真正的朋友是那些在乎我们的人，而不是那些仅仅路过的熟人。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段One day his grandfather said to him， "Mario，I bet you a big bag of popcorn you don't have as many friends as you think.I'm sure many are nothing more than acquaintance （略有交情，熟人） or partners."（有一天，他的祖父对他说："Mario，我跟你赌一大袋爆米花，你没有你想的那么多朋友。我相信很多人不过是熟人或伙伴而已。"）可知他们打的赌是Mario没有很多真正的朋友，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第5段Looking around，Mario saw George，Lucas，and Diana﹣﹣﹣three of his best friends﹣﹣﹣holding him up with their strong arms，so he wouldn't fall.Meanwhile，many others he had thought of as friends had done nothing but making fun of him，enjoying his every fall.（Mario环顾四周，看到George、Lucas和Diana——他最好的三个朋友——用他们强壮的手臂托着他，这样他就不会摔倒。与此同时，许多他认为是朋友的人除了取笑他，享受他的每一次摔倒之外，什么也没做。）可知是他的朋友用手臂扶住了他，故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后1段And he learned true friends are those who care for us，and not just any acquaintance who happens to be passing by.A real friend would be less likely to make fun of us.（他明白了真正的朋友是那些关心我们的人，而不是碰巧路过的熟人。真正的朋友不太可能取笑我们。）可知他明白了真正朋友的意义，故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．（2024春 东城区期末） Many teenagers often stay up late on school nights.Maybe they have homework or want to spend time with friends.Or maybe it's just hard for them to fall asleep.
"Teenage years are sometimes known as the 'perfect storm' of sleep problems." says Rafael Pelayo，a sleep doctor.Teenagers need regular sleep to be physically and mentally（精神上）healthy.But their biological clocks change during this period（时期）.Their bodies want to stay awake later at night and sleep later ir the morning.School still starts early，though.As a result，most teenagers do not get enough sleep.These kids are more likely to have physical and mental illnesses.
Andrew Fuligni，who studies the mental health of teenagers，wanted to find out which sleep habits help teenagers feel and perform（表现）their best.His team studied 419 students between the ages of 13 and 19.Every day for two weeks，these students wrote down when they fell asleep and woke up，and their moods（情绪）and feelings the next day，such as their happiness，anxiety and pain.
Most students reported good moods after a night of eight to ten hours of sleep. "Too much sleep and too little sleep both bring problems，"says Fuligni.Among the students with eight﹣to﹣ten﹣hour sleep each day，older kids seemed to need the least sleep."A 17﹣year﹣old does not need as much sleep as a I4﹣year﹣old in order to perform well every day，"Fuligni found.Even among kids the same age，everyone needed a different amount （量）of sleep to feel good.One reason could be different health conditions.For example，kids with anxiety seemed to need more sleep.
Until schools change their start times，teenagers have to help themselves.Pelayo suggests teenagers sleep for ten hours each night for a week or two.This will help them find out how much sleep they need to feel their best.
Sleeping more on weekends to make up for missing sleep during the week isn't a good idea.Fuligni warns that getting different amounts of sleep each night can be bad for mental health.Pelayo agrees."The amount of sleep you get on weekdays and weekends should be the same，"he says.
（1）According to Rafael Pelayo，why do teenagers stay up late？ 　D　
A.They have too much homework.
B.They want to spend time with friends.
C.Their bodies don't need a lot of sleep.
D.Their biological clocks keep them awake.
（2）What did Fuligni and his team's study show？ 　D　
A.A younger teenager needed less﹣sleep than an older one.
B.The more time a teenager slept，the better moods he had.
C.Teenagers at the same age needed the same amount of sleep.
D.Teenagers with a daily eight﹣to﹣ten﹣hour sleep had good moods.
（3）Fuligni and Pelayo both suggest that 　B　
A.teenagers should sleep for ten hours each night
B.teenagers should try to get as much sleep as they can
.teenagers should get the same amount of sleep every day
D.teenagers should have more sleep on weekends than on weekdays
【考点】说明文；卫生与健康．
【答案】DDB
【分析】文章主要讨论了青少年睡眠问题，指出许多青少年因为各种原因晚睡，导致睡眠不足。研究表明，适量的睡眠对青少年的身心健康至关重要，不同的青少年需要的睡眠时间不同，但保持每晚相同的睡眠时间对心理健康有益。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第2段But their biological clocks change during this period （时期）.Their bodies want to stay awake later at night and sleep later ir the morning.（但他们的生物钟在此期间会发生变化。他们的身体想要晚上睡得更晚，早上睡得更晚。）可知，青少年熬夜是因为他们的生物钟使他们保持清醒。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第4段Most students reported good moods after a night of eight to ten hours of sleep.（大多数学生报告说，晚上睡8到10个小时后情绪良好。）可知，每天睡8到10个小时的青少年心情好。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Fuligni warns that getting different amounts of sleep each night can be bad for mental health.Pelayo agrees."The amount of sleep you get on weekdays and weekends should be the same，"he says.（Fuligni警告说，每晚睡眠时间不同可能对心理健康有害。Pelayo表示同意。他说："工作日和周末的睡眠时间应该是一样的。"）可知，Fuligni和Pelayo都认为青少年每天应该保证相同的睡眠时间。故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（2024春 西城区期末） Research shows that the discovery of exoplanets （planets outside our solar system） has changed science fiction（小说）.Now，books and movies present these planets more exactly，making science fiction more important than before.
Imagine learning about stars in a classroom.You could start with complex（复杂的） pictures and facts，or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet，Tatooine.Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class？
Science fiction has always caught our attention and it has inspired（激励） scientists to go for their dreams.For this reason，it is sometimes used to communicate science to the public，even complex ideas.To be sure that this is a useful way，it is necessary to understand how science fiction shows actual science.
Emma Johann a Puranen and her team from the University of St Andrews and the Austrian Academy of Sciences did some research，studying a lot of science fiction works，including novels，movies，TV shows，podcasts，and video games to see how science fiction reflects（反映） real scientific discoveries about exoplanets."Most stories that are set in space will finally have a scene（场景） on an exoplanet，"explains Puranen."The reason for using exoplanets is that there was a huge change in our scientific understanding in 1995 when the first exoplanet around a sun﹣like star was discovered."
"Traditionally in science fiction，mostly there have been Earth﹣like planets，" explains Puranen."But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth﹣like."
According to real science，many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the"Goldllocks zone"，where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it."I can guess that maybe writers of science fiction are reading all these headlines about worlds that are covered in lava or where it's raining diamonds，which you see in the media，"says Puranen.
Science fiction，in a way，reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time.This makes it a valuable tool for science communication.It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.
This research highlights the connection between scientific discoveries and creativity.While exploring the universe，science fiction can develop curiosity（好奇心） and make further research possible，making the subject of exoplanets an important example of how science and imagination improve each other.
（1）The writer mentioned the movie Star Wars to 　C　 .
A.explain what an exoplanet is like in a humorous way
B.present the result of the latest research about exoplanets
C.show an interesting way of sharing science with everyone
D.introduce a popular scientific movie by a famous director
（2）How has science fiction changed after the discovery of the first exoplanet？ 　D　
A.It gives more attention to Earth.
B.It describes the Earth differently.
C.Science fiction has lost interest in explaining exoplanets.
D.Exoplanets in science fiction have become less Earth﹣like.
（3）The words"Goldilocks zone"in Paragraph 6 most probably mean 　D　 .
A.a space found on an exoplanet
B.an important part of our solar system
C an area which is good for scientific activities
D.a place that provides living environment for life
（4）The writer probably agrees that 　A　 .
A.science fiction has played an active part in communicating science
B.scientific discoveries have slowed the development of imagination
C.science fiction has become less popular because of scientific discoveries
D.new scientific discoveries have made science fiction easier to understand
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】CDDA
【分析】研究发现，外星行星的发现改变了科幻小说。现在，书籍和电影更精确地呈现这些行星，使科幻比以往更重要。科幻作品一直吸引着我们的注意力，并激励科学家追求梦想。为了确保这是一种有用的方式，有必要了解科幻如何展示实际科学。艾玛 约翰娜 普兰宁及其团队研究了大量科幻作品，包括小说、电影、电视节目、播客和视频游戏，以观察科幻如何反映关于外星行星的真实科学发现。自1995年发现第一颗类太阳恒星周围的外星行星以来，我们的科学认识发生了巨大变化。传统上，科幻作品中大多是类似地球的行星，但自从发现真正的外星行星后，虚构的外星行星实际上变得不那么像地球了。根据真实科学，许多外星行星与地球非常不同，通常不在"适居带"内。科幻小说以一种方式反映了其时代的知识和发现，这使其成为科学传播的宝贵工具。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段You could start with complex（复杂的） pictures and facts，or you could watch the movie Star Wars where Luke Skywalker sees two suns from his home planet，Tatooine.Which will more easily awaken the interest of a sleepy high school class？（您可以从复杂的图片和事实入手，也可以观看电影《星球大战》，卢克﹣天行者在他的母星塔图因看到了两个太阳。哪一个更容易唤起沉睡的高中生的兴趣？）可知作者提起《星球大战》是为了展示一种分享科学的有趣的方式。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第五段But what has changed since the discovery of real exoplanets is that the fictional exoplanets have actually become a bit less Earth﹣like.（但自从发现了真正的系外行星之后，情况发生了变化，那就是虚构的系外行星实际上变得有点不那么像地球了。）可知自从发现真正的系外行星，科幻小说中的系外行星不再像地球了。故选D。
（3）词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段According to real science，many exoplanets are very different from Earth and often not in the"Goldllocks zone"，where conditions are friendlier to life as we know it.（根据真正的科学，许多系外行星与地球非常不同，往往不在 "金锁区"，那里的条件对我们所知的生命更友好。）可知划线词在此处表示对生命友好的地方。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Science fiction，in a way，reflects the knowledge and discoveries of its time.This makes it a valuable tool for science communication.It can introduce people to new scientific ideas in an interesting and understandable way.（科幻小说在某种程度上反映了当时的知识和发现，这使它成为科学传播的重要工具，它能以有趣、易懂的方式向人们介绍新的科学思想。）可知作者认为科幻小说在科学交流上起到很重要的作用。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024春 昌平区期末） Everyone wants to be successful.Here are some best books to read for teenagers' success.
A The book will help you to become a good leader.It shows you how to face each level and go up to the next level.Besides，it isn't just about leadership.It's a guide to help you reach your highest possibility and be a better person. B This book is your guide for a happy life.It will show you how to improve your life right now instead of waiting for the outside world to change. It shows the art and science of getting happier life.
C This book includes 100+ practices to add the skills in building relationships for teens.You can find some common questions and best solutions.It will help you build healthier and better relationships. D This book shows teens how to make smart decisions about the 6 most important choices they will face.The writer uses real stories from teens around the world.It shows how to succeed in school，and much more.
（1）　B　
Alice I want to get some advice about how to live a happy life.
（2）　D　
Daming I am afraid of making decisions and I want to learn some skills about it.
（3）　C　
Li Hua I have some difficulties in building relationships and I need some useful ways to help me.
【考点】应用文；文化．
【答案】BDC
【分析】A.这本书将帮助你成为一名优秀的领导者。它向您展示了如何面对每个级别并进入下一个级别。此外，这不仅仅关乎领导力。这是一本指南，帮助你实现最大的可能性，成为一个更好的人。
B.这本书是你幸福生活的指南。它将向你展示如何立即改善你的生活，而不是等待外界的改变。它展示了让生活更幸福的艺术和科学。
C.这本书包括100多种练习，以增加青少年建立关系的技能。您可以找到一些常见问题和最佳解决方案。它将帮助你建立更健康、更好的关系。
D.这本书向青少年展示了如何对他们将面临的6个最重要的选择做出明智的决定。作者使用了世界各地青少年的真实故事。它展示了如何在学校取得成功，以及更多。
（1）爱丽丝：我想得到一些关于如何过上幸福生活的建议。
（2）大明：我害怕做决定，我想学习一些技巧。
（3）李华：我在建立关系方面遇到了一些困难，我需要一些有用的方法来帮助我。
【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据I want to get some advice about how to live a happy life. （我想得到一些关于如何过上幸福生活的建议。）可知爱丽丝想得到一些关于如何过上幸福生活的建议。B项"这本书是你幸福生活的指南。它将向你展示如何立即改善你的生活，而不是等待外界的改变。它展示了让生活更幸福的艺术和科学。"符合题意。故选B。
（2）细节推理题。根据I am afraid of making decisions and I want to learn some skills about it. （我害怕做决定，我想学习一些技巧。）可知大明害怕做决定，想学习一些技巧。D项"这本书向青少年展示了如何对他们将面临的6个最重要的选择做出明智的决定。作者使用了世界各地青少年的真实故事。它展示了如何在学校取得成功，以及更多。"符合题意。故选D。
（3）细节推理题。根据I have some difficulties in building relationships and I need some useful ways to help me. （我在建立关系方面遇到了一些困难，我需要一些有用的方法来帮助我。）可知李华需要建立关系方面的书。C项"这本书包括100多种练习，以增加青少年建立关系的技能。您可以找到一些常见问题和最佳解决方案。它将帮助你建立更健康、更好的关系。"符合题意。故选C。
【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
15．（2024春 西城区期末） Did you know tomato ketchup，the most popular sauce （酱），was invented in China？It dates back thousands of years.People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting （发酵） fish and shrimp.At first，this early ketchup was known only in southern China.After around 200 B.C.（Han Dynasty），the fish sauce became popular in the whole country，especially in a place called Fujian.There，the sauce got the name ketchup，which means fish sauce in Hokkien，the language of southern Fujian.Later，people from Fujian began to travel to places like Indonesia，where they built factories for making traditional Chinese sauces like ketchup—and that's where the British first discovered it.
In the early 1600s，British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup.Their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.Before long，they brought lots of ketchup home.But it was expensive，so the British started trying to make their own.A London cookbook from 1742 had a ketchup recipe（配方） with beer，fish，mushrooms，and spices.
It was in the mid﹣1800s that the British started using tomatoes in ketchup.This was different from the fishy ketchup.Since tomatoes went bad fast，the company，Heinz，began to use vinegar （醋） in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.
In the late 1800s，ketchup production and popularity began to rise in America.So，the makers in America increased ketchup production，creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste.It was a bit sweeter and thicker than British ketchup.By around 1910，ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today.
However，there are also some differences between the ketchup of 1910 and today.In today's ketchup，corn syrup （玉米糖浆） is used，not sugar.What's more，to meet people's needs for a healthy lifestyle，some companies also make healthier ones without sugar.
From a fishy sauce in ancient Asia to a"goes﹣great﹣with﹣everything"sauce，ketchup has a long history full of changes.
（1）Who made the first ketchup？
　People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.　
（2）Why did British sailors like ketchup？
　Because their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.　
（3）When did ketchup begin to look like the one we eat today？
　By around 1910.　
（4）From a fishy sauce to today's ketchup，what are the reasons for changing the ketchup recipe？（At least 3 reasons）
　①It is very expensive；②It goes bad fast； ③To satisfy Americans' taste.　
【考点】说明文；饮食．
【答案】（1）People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
（2）Because their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.
（3）By around 1910.
（4）①It is very expensive；②It goes bad fast； ③To satisfy Americans' taste.
【分析】本文主要介绍了从鱼腥味的酱汁到今天的番茄酱，改变番茄酱配方的原因。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China began to make the first ketchup by salting and fermenting fish and shrimp.（生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们开始通过腌制和发酵鱼虾来制作第一种番茄酱。）可知第一个番茄酱是生活在中国南方沿海和河流沿岸的人们做的，故填：People living along the coasts and rivers of southern China.
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中In the early 1600s，British sailors who were traveling to Indonesia began to develop a taste for ketchup.Their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.（17世纪初，前往印度尼西亚的英国水手开始对番茄酱产生兴趣。他们在船上吃的食物很无聊，番茄酱让味道更好。）可知英国水手喜欢番茄酱是因为他们在船上吃的食物很无聊，番茄酱让味道更好，故填：Because their food on ships was boring，and ketchup made it taste better.
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句By around 1910，ketchup began to look like the ketchup we put on McDonald's fries today.（到1910年左右，番茄酱开始看起来像我们今天放在麦当劳薯条上的番茄酱。）可知番茄酱到1910年左右开始看起来像我们今天吃的这种，故填：By around 1910.
（4）细节理解题。根据第二段中But it was expensive，so the British started trying to make their own.（但它很贵，所以英国人开始尝试自己制造。）第三段中Since tomatoes went bad fast，the company，Heinz，began to use vinegar in ketchup to make sure it could be stored for a long time.（由于番茄变质得很快，亨氏公司开始在番茄酱中使用醋，以确保番茄酱可以长期储存。）第四段中So，the makers in America increased ketchup production，creating recipes to satisfy Americans' taste.（因此，美国的制造商增加了番茄酱的产量，创造了满足美国人口味的食谱。）可知，从鱼腥味的酱汁到今天的番茄酱，改变番茄酱配方的原因是：①它很贵；②它变质得很快；③为了满足美国人口味。故填：①It is very expensive；②It goes bad fast； ③To satisfy Americans' taste.
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
五．书面表达（共2小题）
16．（2024春 东城区期末）根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不用写出你的校名和姓名。
兴趣爱好是我们生活中重要的一部分。良好的爱好不仅可以带给我们快乐，也可以帮助我们学习知识和技能。
某英文网站正在开展以"爱好"为主题的征文活动，假设你是李华，请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍一下你的爱好是什么，是如何开始的，你平时如何坚持这项爱好，以及它给你带来的益处。
提示词语：reading，cartoon books，spend，relaxed，learn
提示问题： What is your hobby？
How did it start？
What do you usually do to keep it now？
What benefits（益处）does it bring to you？
Hobbies play an important part in our lives.________
【考点】说明文；兴趣爱好．
【答案】 Hobbies play an important part in our lives.My hobby is reading，especially cartoon books.It all started when I was a little kid，looking through colorful pages filled with interesting stories.Those stories created my imagination and love for reading.To keep this hobby，I make sure to use a part of my daily routine to it.After school，I often spend an hour or two reading a good book.Weekends are my good opportunities to study deeper the world of literature，exploring new articles and authors.
Reading not only makes me relaxed but also improve my knowledge and vocabulary.It helps me learn about different cultures，histories，and open my eyes.
【分析】【高分句型一】
It all started when I was a little kid，looking through colorful pages filled with interesting stories.
翻译：这一切都始于我还是个孩子的时候，翻阅着写满有趣故事的彩色页面。
分析：句子中应用了when引导的时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
Reading not only makes me relaxed but also improve my knowledge and vocabulary.
翻译：阅读不仅使我放松，而且还提高了我的知识和词汇量。
分析：句子中应用了固定搭配not only...but also...，表示"不但......而且......"。
【解答】 Hobbies play an important part in our lives.My hobby is reading，especially cartoon books. （介绍爱好是什么）It all started when I was a little kid，looking through colorful pages filled with interesting stories.【高分句型一】Those stories created my imagination and love for reading.（介绍如何开始的）To keep this hobby，I make sure to use a part of my daily routine to it.After school，I often spend an hour or two reading a good book.Weekends are my good opportunities to study deeper the world of literature，exploring new articles and authors.（介绍如何坚持这项爱好）
Reading not only makes me relaxed but also improve my knowledge and vocabulary.【高分句型二】It helps me learn about different cultures，histories，and open my eyes.（说明益处）
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
17．（2024春 西城区期末）请根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于40 词的文段写作。所给提示词语仅供选用。
在我们的人生旅程中，"做更好的自己"是一个永恒的主题：从学习新技能到发展爱好，从建立友谊到学会担当，都是不断克服困难、自我提升的过程。假如你是李华，学校英文网站正在开展以"Be a better me"为题目的征文活动。请你向网站投稿，分享一次经历。内容包括：什么使你成为了更好的自己，你经历了什么，你从中收获了什么。
提示词语：confident，experience.nervous.grow，improve
提示问题：
（1）What made you"a better you''？
（2）What happened？
（3）What have you learned from it？
Be a better me
_____
【考点】其他应用文写作；个人情况．
【答案】
Be a better me
I had an experience of dealing with a problem.School life is colorful，but not always easy.I used to have some trouble making friends with others.I was so quiet and found communicating with others really difficult.As a result，I often felt lonely and nervous.
But things have changed since my head teacher Ms.Zhang had a long talk with me.She encouraged me to be open and offer my hand to others.I tried and it really worked.Now I have made a few friends and become more confident.
I don't think it's so difficult to make friends now.I will not be a closed book any more.
【分析】【高分句型一】
I used to have some trouble making friends with others.我过去在和别人交朋友方面有些困难。
used to do sth过去常常做某事。
have trouble doing sth做某事有麻烦。
【高分句型二】
She encouraged me to be open and offer my hand to others.她鼓励我敞开心扉，向别人伸出我的手。
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事。
【解答】
Be a better me
I had an experience of dealing with a problem.School life is colorful，but not always easy.（点题） I used to have some trouble making friends with others.【高分句型一】I was so quiet and found communicating with others really difficult.As a result，I often felt lonely and nervous.（遇到的困难）
But things have changed since my head teacher Ms.Zhang had a long talk with me.She encouraged me to be open and offer my hand to others.【高分句型二】I tried and it really worked.Now I have made a few friends and become more confident.（如何处理的）
I don't think it's so difficult to make friends now.I will not be a closed book any more.（学到了什么）
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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