资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
广东省广州市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．选择题（共5小题）
1．（2024春 番禺区期末）I heard an item on the radio about women engineers.（　　）
A．物体 B．项目 C．条目 D．新闻
2．（2024春 番禺区期末）The car is powered by a battery on its back，which can keep it operating for an hour.（　　）
A．动手术 B．操作 C．经营 D．运转
3．（2023春 越秀区期末） She didn't expect the great troubles he had _______ the problem ________ currently.（　　）
A． to solve；discussing
B． solving；to be discussed
C． to solve；discussed
D． solving；being discussed
4．（2023春 番禺区期末） He has worked in the college as a maths teacher since it 10 years ago.（　　）
A． founded B． is founded
C． was founded D． has been founded
5．（2023春 番禺区期末） the winners of the speech contest，the expert walked onto the stage and presented the prizes to them.（　　）
A． Following B． Followed
C． Being followed D． Having followed
二．完形填空（共1小题）
6．（2023春 番禺区期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day last summer，my 9﹣year﹣old son Ben and I were riding the waves at a popular ocean beach on outer Cape Cod.As we were playing happily with our surfboard，I suddenly noticed an astonishing（1）　 　 ﹣ some whales were spouting（喷水） well within view of where we（2）　 　 .
We stared and pointed in（3）　 　 ."Ben，can you believe it？"I cried."We're swimming with the whales!" "Mom，"Ben said in reply， "we're（4）　 　 swimming with the whales.This is their habitat，not ours!"
Ben's words took my breath away，more than the dramatic waves and the amazing sight of the（5）　 　 .
He was absolutely（6）　 　 ，of course.These whales live in the waters off Cape Cod.This is their（7）　 　 ﹣ one that we visit，love and protect.So when we set foot into a（8）　 　 space，it's meaningful and important to（9）　 　 that we are visiting something that is beautiful and enjoyable to us，but is not（10）　 　 for us.
We each have a part to play in（11）　 　 space.When we acknowledge our coexistence，as Ben（12）　 　 ，we set ourselves up for success in how we interact with each other.This is as（13）　 　 in the vastness of the ocean as it is in our（14）　 　 where we live，work，play and serve.
How we（15）　 　 and support each other in this vast ocean of life ﹣ that's up to us.
（1） A．show B．change C．sight D．sign
（2） A．stood B．left C．started D．lay
（3） A．fear B．amazement C．silence D．confusion
（4） A．seldom B．never C．always D．again
（5） A．beach B．ships C．swimmers D．whales
（6） A．confident B．crazy C．smart D．right
（7） A．home B．family C．performance D．stage
（8） A．secret B．public C．natural D．native
（9） A．ignore B．remember C．prove D．imagine
（10） A．forever B．only C．once D．almost
（11） A．sharing B．creating C．improving D．finding
（12） A．required B．judged C．expected D．did
（13） A．true B．easy C．funny D．powerful
（14） A．researches B．dreams C．communities D．activities
（15） A．compete with B．connect with C．hear from D．separate from
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
7．（2024春 天河区校级期末） Growing up，I was often the first Jewish person my classmates had ever met．I lived in Mississauga，Ontario，and was the only Jewish student in my grade一sometimes the only one in the whole school．This difference set me apart.
Every September，I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know．The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur．I flatted that my teachers would label me the "Jewish kid".
The real trouble always came as the local new year's festival approached．I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah，not this festival．At school，on one day before the winter break，every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival．However，the music teacher sometimes played Dreidel，Dreidel，Dreidel，a Jewish festival song，and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks．As my friends counted down the days until the festival，I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.
Each year during primary school，my mother would coordinate（协调） with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah．She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age．Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols．The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions．After my mom left，I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.
My mom's annual visits to my school sparked interest from other parents as well．Over the years，we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.
My mom showed me，my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared，an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.
（1）What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 refer to？ 　 　
A.Noticed.
B.Disagreed.
C.Worried.
D.Expected.
（2）How did the author's classmates react to Mom's coming？ 　 　
A.They welcomed it warmly.
B.They gave away her treats.
C.They showed off themselves.
D.They expressed sympathy for her.
（3）Which of the following best states what Mom did at school？ 　 　
A.She protected her child from being hurt.
B.She encouraged cross﹣cultural understanding.
C.She made Hanukkah a school﹣celebrated festival.
D.She saved the Jewish tradition from being changed.
8．（2023春 番禺区期末） For Derek Veal，it all started when he explored his grandfather's old house in Georgia.He found an old suitcase filled with photographs，some more than 100 years old.
The suitcase belonged to his great﹣grandmother，who had Alzheimer's（老年痴呆症） and lived in a nursing home.Veal and his grandfather went to visit her with the photos，hoping she could tell them more about the photos.What happened next changed Veal's life.
"Everything came back to her when she saw these pictures，"Veal said. "She recognized her sisters，her aunts，her grandparents…It was the first time I had ever seen someone's excitement from an old photo returning to them."
The experience made Veal realize the power of old photographs to hold precious and long﹣forgotten memories and restore a sense of identity.It never left him.Two years ago，when he came across old family photos for sale at a thrift store （旧货店），he decided to pick one picture and try to track down the family.Soon，he was inspired to buy more photos and started a Facebook group called Old Photo Project to aid in finding their families.
Veal is not alone in this hobby.Photo and genealogy （家谱学） enthusiasts worldwide regularly use the internet and even social media to track down the families and faces in the lost photos.David，26，lives in New York and started his project，Museum of Lost Memories，in late 2020.He has already had over 300，000 followers on Instagram and over 750，000 on TikTok. "Some of my posts have gone viral and a person or family was tracked down in a matter of minutes!"David said.The motivation behind this hobby seems to be a combination of enjoying the detective work it takes to solve the puzzle，and the memories these lost pictures can bring back to the families they belong to.
"I feel like this is .my calling，"said David."The more I return memories，the more it feels like I'm supposed to be doing this."
（1）According to the text，what changed Veal's life？ 　 　
A．His awareness of the value of old photos.
B．The true stories about his great﹣grandmother.
C．His family's history shown in the photographs.
D．His exploration of his grandfather's old house.
（2）What do the underlined words "have gone viral"mean in paragraph 6？ 　 　
A．Have been updated regularly.
B．Have made people think deeply.
C．Have received some comments.
D．Have spread quickly and widely.
（3）How does David feel about what he does with the lost photographs？ 　 　
A．It's not easy.
B．It's his duty.
C．It's not enough.
D．It's just a hobby.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ 　 　
A．Returning Long﹣lost Memories
B．Old Photos for Photo Enthusiasts
C．The Power of Photos on the Internet
D．Researching the History of a Family
9．（2023春 广州期末） Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary.We know the risk of dementia （痴呆） increases with age.But if you have memory slips，you probably needn't worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age﹣related memory loss.
After age 50，it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people，places and thing quickly，says Dr.Smith of Brigham and Woman's Hospital in Boston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body.Certain parts shrink （萎缩），especially areas in the brain that are important to learning，memory and planning.Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels （血管） narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie，for example，is nothing to worry about.But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't re member even seeing it，that's far more concerning，Smith says.
When you forget entire experiences，he says，that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven，or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
But even then，Dr.Smith says，people shouldn't panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss，including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep，high blood pressure，or depression，as well as medications like antidepressants.
You don't have to figure this out on your own.Dr.Smith suggests going to your doctor to check on medications，health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive （认知的） reserve，Dr.Smith says.
"Read books，go to movies，take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，" he says.In other words，keep your brain busy and working.And also get physically active，because exercise is a known brain booster （助推器）.
（1）Why is it common for the aged to experience memory loss？ 　 　
A．The related parts of brain get aged and smaller.
B．The communication of brain regions is stopped.
C．The brain cells of memory change their positions.
D．The slow blood flows result in narrow blood vessels.
（2）What can we do to fight against the memory loss？ 　 　
A．Check health problems in the hospital.
B．Take medicine to regain your brain cells.
C．Take part in physical and mental activities.
D．Build up a completely new cognitive region.
（3）Which of the situation warns us to see a doctor？ 　 　
A．John doesn't know how to operate a new printer.
B．Anne has forgotten her usual way to the park near home.
C．Jack can't remember the name of an actor in a soup opera.
D．Amy is confused with her friends' addresses occasionally.
（4）What is the best title of the text？ 　 　
A．What Causes Memory Loss
B．Have You Lost Thinking Ability
C．How Does Brain Booster Work
D．Have You Really Got Dementia
10．（2023春 越秀区期末） Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us.Well，sort of.When it comes to playing games like chess and Go，or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures，computers are well ahead of us.But we have one superpower they aren't close to mastering：mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals，desires and beliefs of others，a crucial skill that means we can anticipate or predict other people's actions and the consequences of our own.Reading minds comes so easily to us，though，that we often don't think to spell out what we want.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life ﹣﹣to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball ﹣﹣ we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer an other's mental state as theory of mind.In humans，this ability starts to develop at a very young age.How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear，though.One of the main challenges is context.For instance，if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply"it's raining"，they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running，weather and human preferences.
Moreover，whether humans or AI，the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one's own learning process.Building prior（先前的） knowledge into AI makes it rely on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition，AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine.There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don't know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human﹣like form of theory of mind.Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas.While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI，plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember，though，that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots.It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research：building truly self﹣aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents，we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
（1）According to the article，which of the following contexts can AI understand well？ 　 　
A．When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply"a sore throat".
B．When a teacher asks for a boy's homework and he answers "my dog at e it"
C．When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D．When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
（2）Which of the following statements does the author probably agree with？ 　 　
A．Humans' theory of mind is far from perfect.
B．AI may form theory of mind beyond our imagination.
C．We should reject human﹣like forms of abilities for AI.
D．Shared ways of communication lead to a more powerful AI.
（3）What is the author's attitude towards the pursuit of AI with theory of mind？ 　 　
A．Positive.
B．Critical.
C．Doubtful.
D．Unconcerned.
（4）Which would be the best title for the article？ 　 　
A．Mind Reading：Human Beings' Superpower over AI
B．Building Self﹣aware Machines：The Final Goal for AI
C．AI Forming Theory of Mind：A Blessing or A Suffering for Humans
D．Reproducing Theory of Mind in Machines：Challenges and Possibilities
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
11．（2023春 越秀区期末）There's a lot to cope with when you go off to university. （1）　 　 For most students，a completely new environment is waiting to be explored.
We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher.It was a struggle to find the car park，let alone explore the huge campus.Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to get her to fit in，the challenge ahead was clear—to find her way in an unfamiliar world. （2）　 　
In a recent study，volunteers walked around a virtual forest environment.Then some of them took the same walk again，while others explored a different forest.（3）　 　 According to the researchers，that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine （多巴胺） system—setting up their brains for memorizing things.Thus，they scored higher.
So leaving home to study makes perfect sense. （4）　 　 But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits，even if it's just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.Here are three things to try：
◆ Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library，or revising for an exam in a park—and take an unfamiliar route to get there.
◆ （5）　 　 To warm yourself up for learning，picture a city you know well，but imagine you're tapped in a part of it that you've never visited.Then try to visualize exactly how you'll get out.
◆ Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes.Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks，like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip.
A．Get lost in your imagination.
B．Prepare yourself for a city tour.
C．But exploring places as such is beneficial to memory.
D．People prove to be more adaptable after new experience.
E．The latter group performed better in memory tests straight after.
F．There are new friends to meet and new responsibilities to accept.
G．Young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings.
五．语法填空（共1小题）
12．（2021春 荔湾区校级期末）The earliest form of Chinese money was shells.Money shells were（1）　 　 （late） bronzed.In the period of rival states （770﹣221 BC） money used by different states were found （2）　 　 different shapes：knife﹣shaped，spade shaped，and ant﹣nose﹣shaped.
When Emperor Qinshihuang united China in 221 BC，round coins with（3）　 　 square hole in the middle （4）　 　 （introduce） and this form of currency was used until around 1890.This is the form of the currency in the nation's popular （5）　 　 （imagine），and today it becomes a symbol of wealth and prosperity.
For higher level trades，ingots of silver（银元） were commonly used，（6）　 　 looked like the classic boat that children enjoy（7）　 　 （fold） out of paper and may be seen in souvenir stores.
Nowadays，money（8）　 　 （form）a big part of the everyday life of Chinese.Although electronic trades are becoming （9）　 　 （increase） common，cash is still the（10）　 　 （prefer）means to trade.Up to now，five sets of RMB have been issued.
六．单词拼写（共5小题）
13．（2024春 番禺区期末）After much hesitation，she a 　 　 （承认） that she had made a mistake in her decision.
14．（2024春 广州期末）Today，chopsticks have become a 　 　 （典型的） part of Chinese culture.
15．（2024春 广州期末）The weather in May in South China is usually 　 　 （温和的），suitable for an outing.
16．（2024春 广州期末）The organization was formed with the 　 　 （目的） of helping local people.
17．（2024春 广州期末）Recently，we have 　 　 （争论）a great deal about whether we need much money.
七．翻译题（共5小题）
18．（2021春 广州期末）"对一个人来说，这是一小步；对人类来说，这是一大步。"尼尔 阿姆斯特朗，第一个踏上月球的宇航员说。
"That's one small step for a man，one giant leap for mankind." said Neil Armstrong， 　 　 was the first astronaut 　 　 the moon.
19．（2021春 广州期末）　 　 his parents' financial aid，he found it hard to live a comfortable life.
没有父母的经济支援，他发现很难过上舒适的生活。
20．（2021春 广州期末）他爱上了莫扎特的古典音乐，决定在大学里学习音乐。
He 　 　 Mozart's classical music and decided to study music at university.
21．（2021春 广州期末）Much of the meaning must be i 　 　 （to reach an opinion or decide that sth.is true on the basis of information that you get） from the context.
22．（2021春 广州期末）I am now 　 　 every one of you present to try to live a low﹣carbon life.
我呼吁在座的每一位尽可能地过低碳生活。
八．书面表达（共1小题）
23．（2023春 广州期末）假定你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Adam下个月要来中国进行为期一周的短暂游玩。他非常喜欢中国的历史和传统。请你给他推荐一座中国城市。
内容包括：
（1）推荐的地方；
（2）推荐的理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Adam，
Yours，
Li Hua
广东省广州市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共5小题）
1．（2024春 番禺区期末）I heard an item on the radio about women engineers.（　　）
A．物体 B．项目 C．条目 D．新闻
【答案】D
【分析】我在收音机里听到一则关于女工程师的新闻。
【解答】根据句意"我在收音机里听到一则关于女工程师的新闻。"可知，item意为"新闻"，D项正确。
故选：D。
【点评】根据单词选词义，要熟记单词拼写，弄清楚相近单词词义的区别及不同语境的词义，然后正确选出词义。
2．（2024春 番禺区期末）The car is powered by a battery on its back，which can keep it operating for an hour.（　　）
A．动手术 B．操作 C．经营 D．运转
【答案】D
【分析】这辆车是由背部的电池供电的，可以让它运行一个小时。
【解答】根据句句意"这辆车是由背部的电池供电的，可以让它运行一个小时。"可知，operating意为"运转，运行"，D项正确。
故选：D。
【点评】根据单词选词义，要熟记单词拼写，弄清楚相近单词词义的区别及不同语境的词义，然后正确选出词义。
3．（2023春 越秀区期末） She didn't expect the great troubles he had _______ the problem ________ currently.（　　）
A． to solve；discussing
B． solving；to be discussed
C． to solve；discussed
D． solving；being discussed
【答案】D
【分析】她没有预料到他在解决目前正在讨论的问题时所遇到的巨大困难。
【解答】分析句子及根据句意可知，expect后是省略that的宾语从句，从句中谓语宾语部分是由短语have troubles （in）doing sth组成，介词in可以省略，故该空要使用动名词solving做宾语；________ currently作后置定语，修饰名词the problem，该空动词discuss表动作正在进行，与逻辑主语the problem是动宾关系，所以要用现在分词的被动式。
故选：D。
【点评】分析句子结构，确定非谓语动词形式，在充分理解句意的基础上，掌握非谓语动词与对应词之间的关系，结合语境做出正确选择。
4．（2023春 番禺区期末） He has worked in the college as a maths teacher since it 10 years ago.（　　）
A． founded B． is founded
C． was founded D． has been founded
【答案】C
【分析】自10年前建校以来，他一直在这所学院担任数学老师。
【解答】it + be + 一段时间+ since﹣clause句型表示从since从句中谓语动词的动作发生到现在或过去已过去了"一段时间"，常被译为"自从…以来到现在已有一段时间"。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时，it与found之间是动宾关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是单数，be动词用was。C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】解答此类问题要了解各种时态和语态的基本含义，并区别各种时态和语态之间的差异，了解某些时态和语态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
5．（2023春 番禺区期末） the winners of the speech contest，the expert walked onto the stage and presented the prizes to them.（　　）
A． Following B． Followed
C． Being followed D． Having followed
【答案】A
【分析】专家跟着演讲比赛的优胜者走上舞台，给他们颁发奖品。
【解答】expert与follow之间是主谓关系，为非谓语动词，用现在分词短语作状语。A项正确。D项是现在分词完成时，强调非谓语动词动作发生在walked之前，不符合语境。
故选：A。
【点评】非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语，弄清楚现在分词的构成，时态与语态，然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案。
二．完形填空（共1小题）
6．（2023春 番禺区期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day last summer，my 9﹣year﹣old son Ben and I were riding the waves at a popular ocean beach on outer Cape Cod.As we were playing happily with our surfboard，I suddenly noticed an astonishing（1）　C　 ﹣ some whales were spouting（喷水） well within view of where we（2）　A　 .
We stared and pointed in（3）　B　 ."Ben，can you believe it？"I cried."We're swimming with the whales!" "Mom，"Ben said in reply， "we're（4）　B　 swimming with the whales.This is their habitat，not ours!"
Ben's words took my breath away，more than the dramatic waves and the amazing sight of the（5）　D　 .
He was absolutely（6）　D　 ，of course.These whales live in the waters off Cape Cod.This is their（7）　A　 ﹣ one that we visit，love and protect.So when we set foot into a（8）　C　 space，it's meaningful and important to（9）　B　 that we are visiting something that is beautiful and enjoyable to us，but is not（10）　B　 for us.
We each have a part to play in（11）　A　 space.When we acknowledge our coexistence，as Ben（12）　D　 ，we set ourselves up for success in how we interact with each other.This is as（13）　A　 in the vastness of the ocean as it is in our（14）　C　 where we live，work，play and serve.
How we（15）　B　 and support each other in this vast ocean of life ﹣ that's up to us.
（1） A．show B．change C．sight D．sign
（2） A．stood B．left C．started D．lay
（3） A．fear B．amazement C．silence D．confusion
（4） A．seldom B．never C．always D．again
（5） A．beach B．ships C．swimmers D．whales
（6） A．confident B．crazy C．smart D．right
（7） A．home B．family C．performance D．stage
（8） A．secret B．public C．natural D．native
（9） A．ignore B．remember C．prove D．imagine
（10） A．forever B．only C．once D．almost
（11） A．sharing B．creating C．improving D．finding
（12） A．required B．judged C．expected D．did
（13） A．true B．easy C．funny D．powerful
（14） A．researches B．dreams C．communities D．activities
（15） A．compete with B．connect with C．hear from D．separate from
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）CABBD （6）﹣（10）DACBB （11）﹣（15）ADACB
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要写了作者和儿子在海滩上玩耍时，突然发现了鲸鱼喷水的惊人景象。儿子指出这是鲸鱼的栖息地，我们只是来参观，而不是属于这里。作者被儿子的话震撼到了，意识到我们应该尊重和保护这些美丽的生物。无论是在海洋还是在我们生活、工作、玩耍和服务的地方，我们都应该相互尊重和支持。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.show展示；B.change改变；C.sight景色；D.sign标志。根据下句some whales were spouting（喷水） well within view of where we .可知一些鲸鱼在我们站的视野范围内喷水。说明我突然注意到一个惊人的景象。故答案为C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.stood站起来；B.left离开；C.started开始；D.lay躺。根据上句we were playing happily with our surfboard可知我们愉快地玩着冲浪板。说明一些鲸鱼在我们站的视野范围内喷水。故答案为A。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.fear害怕；B.amazement惊讶；C.silence安静；D.confusion困惑。根据下句"Ben，can you believe it？"I cried可知"本，你能相信吗？"我哭了。说明我感到非常惊讶。故答案为B。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.seldom很少；B.never绝不；C.always总是；D.again再次。根据上句We're swimming with the whales!可知我们在和鲸鱼一起游泳！说明以前从来没有和鲸鱼一起游泳。故答案为B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.beach海滩；B.ships船；C.swimmers游泳者；D.whales鲸鱼。根据前文some whales were spouting（喷水） well within view of where we .可知一些鲸鱼在我们站的视野范围内喷水。说明本的话让我大吃一惊，超过了汹涌的海浪和鲸鱼的惊人景象。故答案为D。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confident自信的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.smart聪明的；D.right正确的。根据上文Ben said in reply， "we're B swimming with the whales.This is their habitat，not ours!"以及下句These whales live in the waters off Cape Cod.This is their ﹣ one that we visit，love and protect可知这些鲸鱼生活在科德角附近的水域。这是他们的家﹣﹣﹣一个我们拜访、热爱和保护的家。说明当然，他是完全正确的。故答案为D。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.home家；B.family家庭；C.performance表现；D.stage舞台。根据前文This is their habitat，not ours!可知这是它们的栖息地，不是我们的！说明这是他们的家。故答案为A。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.secret秘密的；B.public公开的；C.natural自然的；D.native本地的。根据上句This is their ﹣ one that we visit，love and protect可知这是他们的家﹣﹣﹣一个我们拜访、热爱和保护的家。说明我们踏入了一个自然空间。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.ignore忽略；B.remember记住；C.prove证明；D.imagine想象。根据下句we are visiting something that is beautiful and enjoyable to us可知记住我们正在参观的东西对我们来说是美丽和令人愉快的。故答案为B。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.forever永远地；B.only仅仅地；C.once曾经；D.almost几乎。根据前文This is their habitat，not ours!可知这是它们的栖息地，说明记住我们正在参观的东西对我们来说是美丽和令人愉快的，但不仅仅是对我们来说，这是有意义和重要的。故答案为B。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.sharing分享；B.creating创造；C.improving提升；D.finding发现。根据下句When we acknowledge our coexistence，as Ben ，we set ourselves up for success in how we interact with each other.可知当我们承认我们的共存时，就像本所做的那样，我们在如何与他人互动中为自己的成功做好了准备。说明我们每个人都有分享空间的责任。故答案为A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.required需要；B.judged判断；C.expected期盼；D.did做。当我们承认我们的共存时，就像本所做的那样，我们在如何与他人互动中为自己的成功做好了准备。故答案为D。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.true真实的；B.easy容易的；C.funny有趣的；D.powerful强大的。在浩瀚的海洋中如此，在我们生活、工作、娱乐和服务的社区中也是如此。故答案为A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.researches研究；B.dreams梦；C.communities社区；D.activities活动。根据空后where we live，work，play and serve.可知在我们生活、工作、娱乐和服务的社区中也是如此。故答案为C。
（15）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.compete with和……竞争；B.connect with和……联系；C.hear from收到某人的来信；D.separate from分离。根据空后and support each other in this vast ocean of life ﹣ that's up to us.可知在这浩瀚的生命海洋中，我们如何相互联系、相互支持，这取决于我们自己。故答案为B。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
7．（2024春 天河区校级期末） Growing up，I was often the first Jewish person my classmates had ever met．I lived in Mississauga，Ontario，and was the only Jewish student in my grade一sometimes the only one in the whole school．This difference set me apart.
Every September，I hated presenting the note my parents had expertly made to a teacher I was just getting to know．The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur．I flatted that my teachers would label me the "Jewish kid".
The real trouble always came as the local new year's festival approached．I was Jewish and celebrated Hanukkah，not this festival．At school，on one day before the winter break，every class would sit in neat rows in the gym and sing songs from the festival．However，the music teacher sometimes played Dreidel，Dreidel，Dreidel，a Jewish festival song，and I would feel hundreds of eyes staring at my red cheeks．As my friends counted down the days until the festival，I counted the days until it was over and I could go back to feeling normal.
Each year during primary school，my mother would coordinate（协调） with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah．She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age．Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols．The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions．After my mom left，I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.
My mom's annual visits to my school sparked interest from other parents as well．Over the years，we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.
My mom showed me，my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared，an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.
（1）What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 refer to？ 　C　
A.Noticed.
B.Disagreed.
C.Worried.
D.Expected.
（2）How did the author's classmates react to Mom's coming？ 　A　
A.They welcomed it warmly.
B.They gave away her treats.
C.They showed off themselves.
D.They expressed sympathy for her.
（3）Which of the following best states what Mom did at school？ 　B　
A.She protected her child from being hurt.
B.She encouraged cross﹣cultural understanding.
C.She made Hanukkah a school﹣celebrated festival.
D.She saved the Jewish tradition from being changed.
【答案】CAB
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为学校里唯一的犹太学生，如何通过母亲每年到学校介绍犹太节日Hanukkah，逐渐让同学们了解和接受自己的文化差异，并最终形成了一个包容和分享不同文化的校园环境。
【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段的I lived in Mississauga，Ontario，and was the only Jewish student in my grade — sometimes the only one in the whole school.（我住在安大略省的密西索加，是我们年级唯一的犹太学生﹣﹣有时是整个学校唯一的犹太学生。）和第二段的The note explained that I would be absent during the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.（纸条上解释说，在犹太教的大节日"犹太新年"和"赎罪日"期间，我将不能上学。）可知划线词的意思是"担心的"。A.Noticed注意到；B.Disagreed不同意；C.Worried担心；D.Expected期望。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。从第四段的She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age.The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions.After my mom left，I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.（她会根据我的年龄准备食物和材料。之前参加演讲的孩子们竞相回答问题。妈妈走后，我经常听到他们向其他班的孩子炫耀他们的油炸点心。）可以得知作者的同学热烈欢迎母亲的到来。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的My mom's annual visits to my school sparked （激发）interest from other parents as well.Over the years，we had visits from parents who shared how festivals were celebrated in Germany and Italy.（我妈妈每年都来学校拜访，这也引起了其他家长的兴趣。这些年来，其他孩子的父母经常来看我们，他们分享了德国和意大利是如何庆祝节日的。）和最后一段的My mom showed me，my classmates and their families that what sets us apart should be celebrated and shared，an intention which I continue to set for myself as I cycle through another holiday season.（我的母亲向我、我的同学和他们的家人证明，让我们与众不同的东西应该被庆祝和分享，这是我在度过另一个假期时继续为自己设定的目标。）可知妈妈在学校所做的事情鼓励了跨文化理解。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8．（2023春 番禺区期末） For Derek Veal，it all started when he explored his grandfather's old house in Georgia.He found an old suitcase filled with photographs，some more than 100 years old.
The suitcase belonged to his great﹣grandmother，who had Alzheimer's（老年痴呆症） and lived in a nursing home.Veal and his grandfather went to visit her with the photos，hoping she could tell them more about the photos.What happened next changed Veal's life.
"Everything came back to her when she saw these pictures，"Veal said. "She recognized her sisters，her aunts，her grandparents…It was the first time I had ever seen someone's excitement from an old photo returning to them."
The experience made Veal realize the power of old photographs to hold precious and long﹣forgotten memories and restore a sense of identity.It never left him.Two years ago，when he came across old family photos for sale at a thrift store （旧货店），he decided to pick one picture and try to track down the family.Soon，he was inspired to buy more photos and started a Facebook group called Old Photo Project to aid in finding their families.
Veal is not alone in this hobby.Photo and genealogy （家谱学） enthusiasts worldwide regularly use the internet and even social media to track down the families and faces in the lost photos.David，26，lives in New York and started his project，Museum of Lost Memories，in late 2020.He has already had over 300，000 followers on Instagram and over 750，000 on TikTok. "Some of my posts have gone viral and a person or family was tracked down in a matter of minutes!"David said.The motivation behind this hobby seems to be a combination of enjoying the detective work it takes to solve the puzzle，and the memories these lost pictures can bring back to the families they belong to.
"I feel like this is .my calling，"said David."The more I return memories，the more it feels like I'm supposed to be doing this."
（1）According to the text，what changed Veal's life？ 　A　
A．His awareness of the value of old photos.
B．The true stories about his great﹣grandmother.
C．His family's history shown in the photographs.
D．His exploration of his grandfather's old house.
（2）What do the underlined words "have gone viral"mean in paragraph 6？ 　D　
A．Have been updated regularly.
B．Have made people think deeply.
C．Have received some comments.
D．Have spread quickly and widely.
（3）How does David feel about what he does with the lost photographs？ 　B　
A．It's not easy.
B．It's his duty.
C．It's not enough.
D．It's just a hobby.
（4）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？ 　A　
A．Returning Long﹣lost Memories
B．Old Photos for Photo Enthusiasts
C．The Power of Photos on the Internet
D．Researching the History of a Family
【答案】ADBA
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了Derek Veal的故事。他在探索祖父在佐治亚州的老房子时，发现了一个装满照片的旧手提箱，其中有些照片已经有100多年的历史。这个手提箱属于他的曾祖母，她患有阿尔茨海默病，住在养老院。Veal和他的祖父带着这些照片去看望她，希望她能告诉他们更多关于照片的事情。当她看到这些照片时，一切都回到了她的记忆中，她认出了她的姐妹、姑姑、祖父母……这是我第一次看到有人因为一张旧照片而兴奋起来。这次经历让Veal意识到旧照片的力量，它们能够保存珍贵而被遗忘的记忆，恢复身份感。两年前，当他在一家二手店里发现了一些家庭旧照片时，他决定选择一张照片并试图找到这个家庭。很快，他受到启发购买了更多的照片，并创建了一个名为"Old Photo Project"的Facebook群，以帮助找到这些照片所属的家庭。Veal在这个爱好中并不孤单。全球的照片和家谱爱好者经常使用互联网甚至社交媒体来追踪失散照片中的家庭和面孔。大卫，26岁，住在纽约，于2020年末开始了他的项目"失落记忆博物馆"。他在Instagram上已经有超过30万的粉丝，在TikTok上有超过75万的粉丝。大卫说："我的一些帖子已经在短短几分钟内追踪到了一个人或一个家庭！"这个爱好背后的动力似乎是享受解决这个谜题所需的侦探工作，以及这些失落照片可以带给所属家庭的回忆。大卫说："我觉得这是我的使命。我越是回归记忆，就越觉得我应该做这个。"
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段The experience made Veal realize the power of old photographs to hold precious and long﹣forgotten memories and restore a sense of identity. （这段经历让Veal意识到旧照片的力量，可以保存珍贵而被遗忘已久的记忆，恢复身份感）可知，Veal意识到旧照片的力量，从此改变了他的生活。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第五段Photo and genealogy （家谱学） enthusiasts worldwide regularly use the internet and even social media to track down the families and faces in the lost photos.（世界各地的照片和家谱爱好者经常使用互联网甚至社交媒体来寻找丢失照片中的家庭和面孔。）和第五段He has already had over 300，000 followers on Instagram and over 750，000 on TikTok. "Some of my posts have gone viral and a person or family was tracked down in a matter of minutes!"David said.（他在Instagram上已经有30多万粉丝，在TikTok上有75万粉丝。"我的一些帖子在网上疯传，一个人或一个家庭在几分钟内就被找到了!"大卫说。）可知，这里指他们利用网络帮助人们找寻照片上的家人，所以他们一把照片发布到网上，应该是会有很多的人看到并转发，所以have gone viral的意思应该是"疯传"，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"I feel like this is .my calling，"said David."The more I return memories，the more it feels like I'm supposed to be doing this."（"我觉得这是我的使命，"大卫说。"我回忆得越多，就越觉得我应该这么做。"）可推知，对大卫来说，发布那些照片是他的责任和使命。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第四段The experience made Veal realize the power of old photographs to hold precious and long﹣forgotten memories and restore a sense of identity. （这段经历让Veal意识到旧照片的力量，可以保存珍贵而被遗忘已久的记忆，恢复身份感）和最后一段"I feel like this is .my calling，"said David."The more I return memories，the more it feels like I'm supposed to be doing this."（"我觉得这是我的使命，"大卫说。"我回忆得越多，就越觉得我应该这么做。"）可知，文章主要讲述一些人利用旧照片帮助人们恢复记忆甚至找到家人的故事。由此可知，Returning Lost Memories（找回失去的记忆）适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
9．（2023春 广州期末） Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary.We know the risk of dementia （痴呆） increases with age.But if you have memory slips，you probably needn't worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age﹣related memory loss.
After age 50，it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people，places and thing quickly，says Dr.Smith of Brigham and Woman's Hospital in Boston.
The brain ages just like the rest of the body.Certain parts shrink （萎缩），especially areas in the brain that are important to learning，memory and planning.Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels （血管） narrow.
Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie，for example，is nothing to worry about.But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't re member even seeing it，that's far more concerning，Smith says.
When you forget entire experiences，he says，that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven，or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.
But even then，Dr.Smith says，people shouldn't panic.There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss，including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep，high blood pressure，or depression，as well as medications like antidepressants.
You don't have to figure this out on your own.Dr.Smith suggests going to your doctor to check on medications，health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive （认知的） reserve，Dr.Smith says.
"Read books，go to movies，take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，" he says.In other words，keep your brain busy and working.And also get physically active，because exercise is a known brain booster （助推器）.
（1）Why is it common for the aged to experience memory loss？ 　A　
A．The related parts of brain get aged and smaller.
B．The communication of brain regions is stopped.
C．The brain cells of memory change their positions.
D．The slow blood flows result in narrow blood vessels.
（2）What can we do to fight against the memory loss？ 　C　
A．Check health problems in the hospital.
B．Take medicine to regain your brain cells.
C．Take part in physical and mental activities.
D．Build up a completely new cognitive region.
（3）Which of the situation warns us to see a doctor？ 　B　
A．John doesn't know how to operate a new printer.
B．Anne has forgotten her usual way to the park near home.
C．Jack can't remember the name of an actor in a soup opera.
D．Amy is confused with her friends' addresses occasionally.
（4）What is the best title of the text？ 　D　
A．What Causes Memory Loss
B．Have You Lost Thinking Ability
C．How Does Brain Booster Work
D．Have You Really Got Dementia
【答案】ACBD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了失去思考和记忆能力是非常可怕的。虽然老年记忆力衰退会增加患痴呆症的风险，但如果只是偶尔记忆差错，就不用太担心。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第三段The brain ages just like the rest of the body.Certain parts shrink （萎缩），especially areas in the brain that are important to learning，memory and planning.Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels （血管） narrow.（大脑和身体其他部分一样会衰老。某些部分会萎缩，尤其是大脑中对学习、记忆和计划很重要的区域。脑细胞的变化会影响大脑不同区域之间的交流。当血管变窄时，血流量也会减少。）可知，老年人经常经历记忆力减退是因为大脑中与学习、记忆和计划相关的区域随年龄增长而衰老萎缩变小了，这些与年龄相关的变化会导致记忆人名、人物、地点和事物的困难，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段"Read books，go to movies，take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways，" he says.In other words，keep your brain busy and working.And also get physically active，because exercise is a known brain booster （助推器）.（他说："读书、看电影、从事新的爱好或活动，这些爱好或活动会迫使人们以新颖的方式思考。"换句话说，让你的大脑保持忙碌和工作。同时也要锻炼身体，因为锻炼是一种众所周知的健脑剂。）可知，读书看电影以及身体锻炼，都可以促使大脑活跃，即我们能通过参加身体和心智活动来对抗记忆丧失，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段When you forget entire experiences，he says，that's "a red flag that something more serious may be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven，or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.（他说，当你忘记了整个经历时，这是"一个危险信号，表明可能涉及更严重的事情。"忘记如何操作微波炉等熟悉的物体，或者忘记如何开车去你以前去过很多次的朋友家，也可能是出了问题的迹象。）可知，Anne 忘记了去家附近公园的惯常路线，这种危险信号提醒Anne要去看医生。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary.We know the risk of dementia （痴呆） increases with age.But if you have memory slips，you probably needn't worry.There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age﹣related memory loss.（失去思考和记忆的能力是相当可怕的。我们知道患痴呆症的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。但如果你有记忆失误，你可能不必担心。痴呆症的症状和与年龄相关的记忆丧失之间有相当明显的区别。）可知，文章主要介绍失去思考和记忆能力是可怕的，但与年龄相关的记忆丧失与痴呆症的症状有明显区别。大脑衰老会导致记忆力减退，但不必恐慌，可以通过增强认知储备、保持大脑和身体活跃来预防记忆力减退。D.Have You Really Got Dementia（你真的得了痴呆症吗？）作为文章标题比较贴切，故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
10．（2023春 越秀区期末） Superhuman artificial intelligence is already among us.Well，sort of.When it comes to playing games like chess and Go，or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures，computers are well ahead of us.But we have one superpower they aren't close to mastering：mind reading.
Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals，desires and beliefs of others，a crucial skill that means we can anticipate or predict other people's actions and the consequences of our own.Reading minds comes so easily to us，though，that we often don't think to spell out what we want.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life ﹣﹣to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball ﹣﹣ we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.
Psychologists refer to the ability to infer an other's mental state as theory of mind.In humans，this ability starts to develop at a very young age.How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear，though.One of the main challenges is context.For instance，if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply"it's raining"，they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running，weather and human preferences.
Moreover，whether humans or AI，the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one's own learning process.Building prior（先前的） knowledge into AI makes it rely on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition，AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine.There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don't know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.
Yet we might still want AI to have a more human﹣like form of theory of mind.Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas.While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI，plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.
It is important to remember，though，that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots.It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research：building truly self﹣aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen.But along the way thinking about other people and other agents，we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.
（1）According to the article，which of the following contexts can AI understand well？ 　C　
A．When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply"a sore throat".
B．When a teacher asks for a boy's homework and he answers "my dog at e it"
C．When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it.
D．When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder.
（2）Which of the following statements does the author probably agree with？ 　B　
A．Humans' theory of mind is far from perfect.
B．AI may form theory of mind beyond our imagination.
C．We should reject human﹣like forms of abilities for AI.
D．Shared ways of communication lead to a more powerful AI.
（3）What is the author's attitude towards the pursuit of AI with theory of mind？ 　A　
A．Positive.
B．Critical.
C．Doubtful.
D．Unconcerned.
（4）Which would be the best title for the article？ 　D　
A．Mind Reading：Human Beings' Superpower over AI
B．Building Self﹣aware Machines：The Final Goal for AI
C．AI Forming Theory of Mind：A Blessing or A Suffering for Humans
D．Reproducing Theory of Mind in Machines：Challenges and Possibilities
【答案】CBAD
【分析】短文主要讲述了超级人工智能已经存在于我们中间，但是它们还无法掌握人类的心理阅读能力。人类具有推理他人目标、欲望和信念的神秘能力，这使得我们能够预测他人的行动和我们自己行动的后果。要使人工智能在日常生活中真正有用，我们必须赋予它们这种读心能力。心理学家称推断他人心理状态的能力为心灵理论。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还不清楚。其中一个主要挑战是背景知识。此外，无论是人类还是人工智能，心灵理论都应该从自己的学习过程中自然产生。然而，我们可能仍希望人工智能具有更类似人类的心灵理论形式。最后，追求具有心灵理论的机器不仅仅是为了构建更有用的机器人，也是实现自我意识机器的目标之一。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段But we have one superpower they aren't close to mastering：mind reading.（但我们有一个他们还没有掌握的超能力：读心术）和第二段Humans have a mysterious ability to reason the goals，desires and beliefs of others，a crucial skill that means we can anticipate or predict other people's actions and the consequences of our own. （人类有一种神秘的能力来推理他人的目标、欲望和信仰，这是一项至关重要的技能，意味着我们可以预测他人的行为和自己的后果） 和第三段For instance，if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply"it's raining"，they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.（例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答"正在下雨"，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的）"可知，读心需要经过一定的推理，而计算机不具备人类所拥有的读心的能力。A项"When you are asked to eat spicy food for dinner and you reply "a sore throat". （你被要求晚餐吃辣的食物时，你回答说"喉咙痛"）"、B项"When a teacher asks for a boy's homework and he answers "my dog ate it". （当老师问一个男孩的家庭作业时，他回答说"我的狗吃了"）"和D项"When kids see their mom after hurting themselves and they cry louder. （当孩子们在伤害自己后看到他们的妈妈时，他们哭得更大声）"都需要运用到思维理论去解释人们的目标和欲望。C项"When a mom tells her kid some food is good for health and the kid eats it. （当妈妈告诉她的孩子一些食物对健康有益时，孩子就会吃）"是直接的陈述，不需要运用思维理论。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段In humans，this capacity starts to develop at a very young age.How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear，though.One of the main challenges is context.For instance，if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply "it's raining"，they can quickly conclude that the answer is no.But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running，weather and human preferences. （心理学家将推断他人精神状态的能力称为心理理论。在人类中，这种能力在很小的时候就开始发展。然而，如何在机器中复制这种能力还远不清楚。主要挑战之一是语境问题。例如，如果有人问你是否要跑步，而你回答"正在下雨"，他们很快就会得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识）可知，作者认为人工智能可能会形成超出我们想象的心智理论。故选B。
（3）观点态度题。根据倒数第二段Yet we might still want AI to have a more human﹣like form of theory of mind.Humans can clearly explain their goals and desires to each other using common language and ideas.While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI，plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. （然而，我们可能仍然希望人工智能拥有一种更像人类的思维理论。人类可以用共同的语言和想法向彼此清楚地解释他们的目标和欲望。虽然让人工智能在学习过程中形成思维理论可能会导致开发出更强大的人工智能，但以共享的方式表达知识可能对人类信任人工智能和与人工智能交流至关重要）可知，作者对用心智理论追求人工智能的态度是积极的。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，结合最后一段It is important to remember，though，that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots.It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research：building truly self﹣aware machines. （然而，重要的是要记住，追求具有思维理论的机器不仅仅是为了制造更有用的机器人。这也是迈向人工智能和机器人研究更深层目标的垫脚石：建造真正有自我意识的机器）可知，作者期待建造真正有自我意识的机器，即作者期待人工智能具备思维理论。故"D.Reproducing Theory of Mind in Machines：Challenges and Possibilities（在机器中再现心智理论：挑战与可能性）"可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
11．（2023春 越秀区期末）There's a lot to cope with when you go off to university. （1）　F　 For most students，a completely new environment is waiting to be explored.
We recently drove our daughter Evie 150 miles to start life as a fresher.It was a struggle to find the car park，let alone explore the huge campus.Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to get her to fit in，the challenge ahead was clear—to find her way in an unfamiliar world. （2）　C　
In a recent study，volunteers walked around a virtual forest environment.Then some of them took the same walk again，while others explored a different forest.（3）　E　 According to the researchers，that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine （多巴胺） system—setting up their brains for memorizing things.Thus，they scored higher.
So leaving home to study makes perfect sense. （4）　G　 But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits，even if it's just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.Here are three things to try：
◆ Go somewhere new to tackle an upcoming learning task—like memorizing a speech in the library，or revising for an exam in a park—and take an unfamiliar route to get there.
◆ （5）　A　 To warm yourself up for learning，picture a city you know well，but imagine you're tapped in a part of it that you've never visited.Then try to visualize exactly how you'll get out.
◆ Play video games that get you moving through new landscapes.Then see whether it improves your success with other learning tasks，like practising a dance or mastering phrases for a foreign trip.
A．Get lost in your imagination.
B．Prepare yourself for a city tour.
C．But exploring places as such is beneficial to memory.
D．People prove to be more adaptable after new experience.
E．The latter group performed better in memory tests straight after.
F．There are new friends to meet and new responsibilities to accept.
G．Young minds seem to gain most from being in strange surroundings.
【答案】FCEGA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自己女儿的例子，表达了人们在一个陌生的新的环境中，应该勇于探索和尝试的观点，作者认为这会给人们带来好处，并给出了一些具体的做法和建议。
【解答】（1）联系上文题。根据上一句There's a lot to cope with when you go off to university."（当你离开家去上大学时，有很多事情要处理。），选项F（有新的朋友要认识，有新的责任要承担。）补充说明了离开家去上大学时会面对的情况，与上一句是并列递进关系，承接上文，衔接合理。故选F。
（2）推理判断题。根据前文It was a struggle to find the car park，let alone explore the huge campus.（找到停车场都很困难，更不用说探索这个巨大的校园了。）和Although we knew she had flatmates and phone apps to get her to fit in，the challenge ahead was clear—to find her way in an unfamiliar world.（虽然我们知道她有室友和手机应用程序让她适应环境，但前方的挑战很明显﹣﹣﹣在一个陌生的世界里找到自己的路。）可知，前文表达了目前主要的挑战是适应新环境，而不是探索校园；但根据第三段According to the researchers，that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine （多巴胺） system—setting up their brains for memorizing things.（根据研究人员的说法，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统—建立他们的大脑来记忆东西。）可知，探索新环境对大脑记忆是有好处的，所以选项C（但探索这样的地方对记忆是有益的。）与前文有转折关系，合理引出了下文，符合语境。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据上一句Then some of them took the same walk again，while others explored a different forest.（于是，他们中的一些人又走了一次同样的路，而另一些人则探索了另一片不同的森林。）可知，前组的成员走的老路，后组的成员探索了新路；结合下一句According to the researchers，that was because exploring the new environment stimulated their dopamine（多巴胺） system—setting up their brains for memorizing things.Thus，they scored higher.（根据研究人员的说法，这是因为探索新环境刺激了他们的多巴胺系统—建立他们的大脑来记忆东西。因此，他们的得分更高。）可知，后组的成员在大脑记忆方面的测试得分更高，表现更好，与选项E（后一组在接下来的记忆测试中表现更好。）符合语境，下一句是对选项E的具体解释。故选E。
（4）联系下文题。根据下一句But we may all be able to gain some of the benefits，even if it's just by stimulating our senses and challenging our thinking skills.（但我们也许都能从中获益，即使只是通过刺激我们的感官和挑战我们的思维能力。）中的"But"和"all"和句意可知，空处应该是指某一部分人会从中获益，选项G（年轻人似乎从陌生的环境中获益最多。）表达了这层含义，与下文衔接合理。故选G。
（5）段落主题题。空处为段落主题句，根据最后两段可知，应该为祈使句，故答案选自A或B；根据下一句To warm yourself up for learning，picture a city you know well，but imagine you're tapped in a part of it that you've never visited.（为了给自己的学习热身，想象一个你熟悉的城市，但想象你身处其中一个你从未去过的地方。）可知，本段主要讲述要善于想象；选项A（沉浸在你的想象中。）与其语意相符，符合语境。故选A。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
五．语法填空（共1小题）
12．（2021春 荔湾区校级期末）The earliest form of Chinese money was shells.Money shells were（1）　later　 （late） bronzed.In the period of rival states （770﹣221 BC） money used by different states were found （2）　in　 different shapes：knife﹣shaped，spade shaped，and ant﹣nose﹣shaped.
When Emperor Qinshihuang united China in 221 BC，round coins with（3）　a　 square hole in the middle （4）　were introduced　 （introduce） and this form of currency was used until around 1890.This is the form of the currency in the nation's popular （5）　image　 （imagine），and today it becomes a symbol of wealth and prosperity.
For higher level trades，ingots of silver（银元） were commonly used，（6）　which　 looked like the classic boat that children enjoy（7）　folding　 （fold） out of paper and may be seen in souvenir stores.
Nowadays，money（8）　forms　 （form）a big part of the everyday life of Chinese.Although electronic trades are becoming （9）　increasingly　 （increase） common，cash is still the（10）　preferable　 （prefer）means to trade.Up to now，five sets of RMB have been issued.
【答案】（1）later（2）in（3）a（4）were introduced（5）image（6）which（7）folding（8）forms（9）increasingly（10）preferable
【分析】本文介绍了货币的出现和发展过程。如今，金钱在中国人的日常生活中占据了很大一部分。虽然电子交易越来越普遍，但现金仍然是更好的交易手段。
【解答】（1）later.考查副词。句意：钱贝壳后来被镀成青铜。表示"后来"，所以用副词later，故填later。
（2）in.考查介词。句意：在战国时期（公元前770﹣221年），不同国家使用的货币有不同的形状。in different shapes以不同的形状，故填in。
（3）a.考查冠词。句意：公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后，引入了中间有方孔的圆形硬币，这种货币一直使用到1890年左右。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
（4）were introduced.考查时态语态。句意：公元前221年秦始皇统一中国后，引入了中间有方孔的圆形硬币，这种货币一直使用到1890年左右。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，introduce和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为复数名词，故填were introduced。
（5）image.考查名词。句意：这是国家流行形象中的货币形式。作介词的宾语，所以用名词，用单数名词和the连用表示特指，故填image。
（6）which.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在更高层次的交易中，通常使用银锭，看起来像孩子们喜欢用纸折起来的经典船，在纪念品商店里也能看到。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故填which。
（7）folding.考查动名词。句意：在更高层次的交易中，通常使用银锭，看起来像孩子们喜欢用纸折起来的经典船，在纪念品商店里也能看到。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事，故填folding。
（8）forms.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，金钱在中国人的日常生活中占据了很大一部分。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为不可数名词，故填forms。
（9）increasingly.考查副词。句意：虽然电子交易越来越普遍，但现金仍然是更好的交易手段。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填increasingly。
（10）preferable.考查形容词。句意：虽然电子交易越来越普遍，但现金仍然是更好的交易手段。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故填preferable。
【点评】本题主要考查了用单词的适当形式填空。做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
六．单词拼写（共5小题）
13．（2024春 番禺区期末）After much hesitation，she a 　dmitted　 （承认） that she had made a mistake in her decision.
【答案】admitted
【分析】犹豫了许久之后，她承认她的决定是错误的。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"承认"可译为admit，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：admitted。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语以及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词做出形式上的变化。
14．（2024春 广州期末）Today，chopsticks have become a 　typical　 （典型的） part of Chinese culture.
【答案】typical
【分析】如今，筷子已成为中国文化的典型组成部分。
【解答

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