资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
广东省广州市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．选择题（共5小题）
1．（2024春 番禺区期末）John had taken out insurance but when he tried to claim，the insurance company refused to pay.（　　）
A．索赔 B．声称
C．赢得 D．夺走（生命）
2．（2024春 番禺区期末）This company set a pattern of what a good company should be for others to follow.（　　）
A．图案 B．方式 C．范例 D．底样
3．（2023春 广州期末） George returned after the war，only___________that his wife had left him.（　　）
A． to tell B． to be told
C． being told D． told
4．（2023春 越秀区期末） This is one of the most popular books ________ this year.（　　）
A． which have been published
B． which has been published
C． that have been published
D． that has been published
5．（2023春 番禺区期末）Unless ________ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．（　　）
A．invited B．inviting
C．being invited D．having invited
二．完形填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 天河区校级期末） People say home is where the heart is.However，when the home you're living in isn't safe，the heartache can be a real headache.That was the （1）　 　 for one Nova Scotia family until neighbors stepped in to help them get through the difficulties.
When Alvero Wiggins was diagnosed with kidney failure，it created a（n） （2）　 　 effect on the family.That meant spending about nine hours a day on the （3）　 　 .And that also meant （4）　 　 work.Unable to earn a living，Wiggins，his wife，and their three children were（5）　 　 to move into a shelter.The terrible conditions they faced led to a（n） （6）　 　 adjustment for Wiggins's family.
（7）　 　 ，Alvero Wiggins had developed strong ties with his community.（8）　 　 his illness，he was an active volunteer in two local youth﹣related organizations.So many people in the neighborhood were willing to offer a helping hand.Sarah MacLaren，one of his neighbors，had （9）　 　 alongside him for years.And she knew how much Wiggins （10）　 　 in the pursuit of （11）　 　 others.So she thought he （12）　 　 to get something back.Getting his family a better place to live in became the most （13）　 　 mission for her.
MacLaren was （14）　 　 a local housing initiative﹣A Home For Everyone.For the past 15 years，she and her peers have （15）　 　 funds for various housing﹣related charities.Along with her charitable board，the （16）　 　 was made that this year's earnings would go toward helping the Wiggins family find a new place called home.With their （17）　 　 ，a four﹣bedroom townhouse near a park and a swimming pool would be the home of the family.
"It means a lot to us to have a home，"Wiggins told CBC with（18）　 　 ."I don't even know how to find the words to （19）　 　 everybody who has supported me.I believe everything will（20）　 　 gradually."
（1） A.case B.ambition C.solution D.request
（2） A.opposite B.predictable C.desired D.lasting
（3） A.improvement B.treatment C.experiment D.argument
（4） A.taking on B.returning to C.searching for D.knocking off
（5） A.encouraged B.forbidden C.forced D.allowed
（6） A.unknown B.stable C.necessary D.tough
（7） A.Accidentally B.Gradually C.Fortunately D.Hopefully
（8） A.After B.Before C.Since D.Despite
（9） A.fought B.sat C.worked D.studied
（10） A.invested B.suffered C.wondered D.gained
（11） A.teaching B.understanding C.helping D.accepting
（12） A.pretended B.deserved C.managed D.needed
（13） A.important B.challenging C.fruitless D.unpleasant
（14） A.in place of B.in response to C.in charge of D.in memory of
（15） A.started B.borrowed C.exchanged D.raised
（16） A.imagination B.decision C.assumption D.discovery
（17） A.efforts B.words C.tips D.dreams
（18） A.excitement B.embarrassment C.confusion D.sorrow
（19） A.reward B.thank C.greet D.invite
（20） A.take place B.get across C.catch on D.turn around
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
7．（2024春 番禺区期末）
Welcome to Epcot's Festival of the Arts
Festival Information
Held annually at Walt Disney World Resort，Epcot's Festival of the Arts involves various activities from viewing art exhibits and participating in interactive workshops to enjoying creative and colorful food dishes.
Popular Events
Expression Section：A Paint by Numbers Mural（壁画） It is a large﹣scale，community﹣driven art project where parents and their kids can contribute to a massive mural by painting sections of it.Visit the Expression Section booth to pick up paint and a brush.Then，paint a few squares that can correspond with your paint color.
Artful Photo Ops This is an opportunity for kids to take fun family pictures against the background of various murals and interactive 3 D art equipment throughout Epcot's Festival of the Arts.Find these step﹣in frames around EPCOT： International Gateway：Luncheon of the Boating Party Mexico Pavilion：An Homage to Frida Kahlo
Animation（动画制作） Academy This is a hands﹣on workshop where you and your kids can learn to draw beloved Disney characters，guided by a real Disney artist.It's a unique opportunity for your kids to make good use of their creativity.This experience takes place in America Gardens Theatre.
Kids Chalk Art It is an interactive art experience where kids can watch impressive chalk be created right before their eyes and even participate in creating some chalk art themselves.This experience is offered at the bridge to World Showcase Plaza.
Ticket Prices
Standard date﹣based tickets are offered，which requires you to choose a start date.
One ticket per day for an adult costs ＄120 and kids under 12 get per ticket with 20% off.You can save ＄20 per ticket if you purchase 3﹣day or longer tickets!
（1）What is a feature of Epcot's Festival of the Arts？ 　 　
A.It is 3 D﹣centered.
B.It is food﹣themed.
C.It is monthly held.
D.It is kid﹣friendly.
（2）Where can visitors paint Disney characters under the guidance of an artist？ 　 　
A.International Gateway.
B.World Showcase Plaza.
C.America Gardens Theatre.
D.The Expression Section booth.
（3）How much do a couple and a kid of seven pay for the one﹣day tickets？ 　 　
A.300.
B.336.
C.340.
D.360.
8．（2024春 广州期末） Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty.You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth﹣seeking firms and self﹣promoting applicants，and to a certain extent it is.But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self﹣defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers：job applicants.When it comes to writing the resume（简历），they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions of income；the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British people spend four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to overturn the truth negatively impacts companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast﹣paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the "ideal candidate"，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co﹣authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why.So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
（1）Why are "leader" and "enthusiast" mentioned in paragraph 2？ 　 　
A.To stress the importance of presenting a personal image.
B.To describe the hiring process of a large company.
e.To make a comparison between different interviewers.
D.To show job applicants' attempt to appear good.
（2）What problems do many firms hate？ 　 　
A.They set goals for their employees.
B.They fails to provide honest job description.
C.Their working environment is stressful.
D.They are becoming less friendly to employees.
（3）What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph .4？ 　 　
A.They show a position as it is.
B.They are made either in text or video.
C.They are favorable for bigger firms.
D.They mainly contain negatives of a job.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？ 　 　
A.Pains and gains of employees.
B.How to get the lying out of hiring.
C.How to be more appealing in hiring.
D.A war between applicants and companies.
9．（2024春 天河区校级期末） Loss aversion（ 厌恶），the idea that losses are more psychologically influential than gains，is widely considered the most important idea of behavioral decision﹣making and its sister field of behavioral economics.To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."
Why has such profound importance been attached to loss aversion？Largely because it is thought to reflect a fundamental truth about humans﹣ ﹣that we are more motivated by our fears than by our desires.This conclusion has indications for almost every aspect of how we live our lives.
However，as documented in a recent critical review of loss aversion by Rucker of Northwestern University，there is no general cognitive（认知的） prejudice that leads people to avoid losses more strongly than to pursue gains.Contrary to claims based on loss aversion，price increases do not affect consumer behavior more than price decreases.
If losing ＄10，000 means giving up the roof over your head whereas gaining ＄ 10，000 means going on an extra vacation，it is perfectly reasonable to be more concerned with the loss than the gain.
Why has belief in loss aversion been held so strong for so long？An idealized view of science is that theories are accepted or rejected based only on evidence from experiments.In fact，science is not simply an impersonal search for truth，but also a social process，in which supporters of a theory must convince other scientists，through logic and argumentation，of how evidence should be interpreted.
In sum，our critical view of loss aversion highlights that，even in contemporary times，wrong ideas can continue to exist for a long time despite contrary evidence，and therefore，that there is a need to critically assess accepted beliefs.While loss aversion has frequently been used to explain why people are prejudiced toward the current situation，perhaps fittingly，the case of loss aversion illustrates the importance of challenging the present state of science.
（1）Why did Kahneman write Thinking Fast and Slow ？ 　 　
A．To record the process of our thinking.
B．To test the contribution of loss aversion.
C．To show loss aversion is viewed important.
D．To figure out how loss aversion comes about.
（2）Which situation worried people most according to Kahneman？ 　 　
A．Decreasing price.
B．An extra holiday.
C．Rising price.
D．Pursuing gains.
（3）What does the author think of science？ 　 　
A．It is only based on experiments.
B．It bears little relation to evidence.
C．It interprets logic and argumentation.
D．Its research process is objective and social.
（4）What can be a suitable title for this passage？ 　 　
A．Why Is An Important Idea False？
B．How Can Loss Aversion Be Defined？
C．Is An Accepted Idea Really Objective？
D．Are We Prejudiced to Loss Aversion？
10．（2023春 广州期末）When I was in nursing school，I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life，and learn so much in a short amount of time.However，the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy （化疗）.My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic （过敏性的） reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy，so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate.Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine，we should stop running the chemotherapy，check the patient's blood pressure，and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy，I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction.I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath.He mentioned having lower back pain，so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy，started taking his blood pressure，and reported it to Marie.His blood pressure was within his normal limits，so we gave him Benadryl via his IV.The Benadryl helped the patient，and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again，but at a slower rate.This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction，and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine.Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy；due to our teaching，our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction.During the clinical training，I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly.These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.
（1）Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy？ 　 　
A．He had high blood pressure.
B．He had a reaction to the medicine.
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain.
D．He refused to answer her questions.
（2）According to the author，what played a key role in saving the patient？ 　 　
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid.
B．Making adequate preparations in advance.
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine.
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine.
（3）Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience？ 　 　
A．Rewarding.
B．Dangerous.
C．Interesting.
D．Painful.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ 　 　
A．To express gratitude to her instructor.
B．To encourage others to take up nursing.
C．To share her clinical training experience.
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment.
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
11．（2023春 番禺区期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use "123456"， "password"or "qwerty"as a password，you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers（黑客）.But you're not alone.（1）　 　 Recently，password management service NordPass has carrieaorgt a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world.They analysed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references.（2）　 　 In the UK， "liverpool" was the third most popular password，with 224，160 hits，while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo"was used by 15，748 people in Chile，making it the fifth most common choice.
（3）　 　 Women tend to use more positive and affectionate（深情的） words and phrases such as "sunshine"or "iloveyou"，while men often use sports﹣related passwords.In some countries，men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism （身份验证机制） for computers and network﹣based products and services.But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely.（4）　 　
To overcome the security issues linked with password﹣based authentication systems，researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don't depend on passwords at all. （5）　 　 For example，two﹣factor authentication （2 FA） and multi﹣factor authentication （MFA） methods are good ways to secure your accounts.These methods combine a password with biometric information （for example，a face scan or fingerprint） or something distinguishable，like a captcha（验证码）.All in all，a secure password is the first line of defense against cyber attacks.Don't give up security for convenience.
A.They need the support of computer experts.
B.The findings show that passwords tell our emotions.
C.People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
D.The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
E.These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
F.Besides，there are other ways to protect your personal information.
G.As a result，they put themselves under potential online security threats.
五．语法填空（共1小题）
12．（2024春 广州期末） Many people hold at least one memory of a kite from their childhoods.It could be a sunny spring day in （1）　 　 open area with family members.（2）　 　 the wind picks up，the flyer runs as fast as they can，until the kite climbs high into the sky and dances （3）　 　 the air.
Kites' origins can date back to the late Spring and Autumn Period （770—476 BC）.Historical accounts showed that philosopher Mozi spent three years crafting a wooden hawk， （4）　 　 is believed to be a prototype（原型） of today's kite.Later，Lu Ban made improvements by using bamboo instead of wood.
Kites are considered one of the （5）　 　 （early） forms of aircraft.People observed birds and thought of using wood and paper （6）　 　 （make） objects that could fly in the sky.They （7）　 　 （drive） by curiosity and a spirit of scientific （8）　 　 （explore） to understand and make use of the power of wind.In China，Weifang，Beijing，Tianjin and Jiangsu province's Nantong are four major areas that are celebrated for unique kite﹣making （9）　 　 （skill）.Yet they all share the same devotion to preserving and （10）　 　 （promote） traditional craftsmanship.
六．单词拼写（共5小题）
13．（2022春 越秀区期末）Our plans need to be 　 　 （灵活的）enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
14．（2024春 天河区校级期末）This was a 　 　 （非凡的） achievement by the Chinese team of scientists，in such a short space of time.
15．（2024春 番禺区期末）The 　 　 （评委） were tasked with determining the winner of the competition based on various criteria，including skills，performance，and overall impression.
16．（2024春 番禺区期末）She walked into the room g 　 　 （轻轻地），as if she didn't want to ruin the peaceful atmosphere.
17．（2024春 番禺区期末）F 　 　 （创建） over 20 years ago，the company has grown into a successful enterprise with a global presence.
七．翻译题（共5小题）
18．（2021春 天河区期末）据报道，这两位致力于科研的科学家将会被授予荣誉勋章。（it作形式主语）
　 　 the two scientists　 　 scientific research will be awarded medals of honor.
19．（2021春 天河区期末）一到机场，这个医生就发现他被记者包围了。（过去分词作宾补）
Upon 　 　 ，the doctor 　 　 by journalists.
20．（2021春 广州期末）大约两小时之后，我们到达了一个被树和花所包围的可爱的城堡。
About two hours later，we arrived at a pleasant castle 　 　 trees and flowers.
21．（2021春 广州期末）不同文化的节日事实上有相同的特征。
Festivals with different cultures actually 　 　 .
22．（2021春 广州期末）有时，人们甚至会看到林医生骑着毛驴去偏远的乡村给人看病。
At times people saw Dr Lin 　 　 faraway villages to provider medical care.
八．书面表达（共1小题）
23．（2024春 广州期末）假定你是李华，计划和同学一起在即将到来的英语文化节中进行戏剧表演。你准备写一封邮件给外教 Mr.Smith。邮件的内容包括：
（1）戏剧表演计划（戏剧名称、内容等）；
（2）征求建议；
（3）邀请指导。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为 100 词左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；并在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr.Smith，
_________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
广东省广州市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共5小题）
题号 1 2 3 4 5
答案 A C B C A
一．选择题（共5小题）
1．（2024春 番禺区期末）John had taken out insurance but when he tried to claim，the insurance company refused to pay.（　　）
A．索赔 B．声称
C．赢得 D．夺走（生命）
【答案】A
【分析】约翰已经买了保险，但当他试图索赔时，保险公司拒绝赔付。
【解答】根据句意"约翰已经买了保险，但当他试图索赔时，保险公司拒绝赔付。"可知，claim意为"索赔"，A项正确。
故选：A。
【点评】根据单词选词义，要熟记单词拼写，弄清楚相近单词词义的区别及不同语境的词义，然后正确选出词义。
2．（2024春 番禺区期末）This company set a pattern of what a good company should be for others to follow.（　　）
A．图案 B．方式 C．范例 D．底样
【答案】C
【分析】这家公司是好公司的典范。
【解答】根据句意"这家公司是好公司的典范。"可知，pattern意为"范例"，C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】根据单词选词义，要熟记单词拼写，弄清楚相近单词词义的区别及不同语境的词义，然后正确选出词义。
3．（2023春 广州期末） George returned after the war，only___________that his wife had left him.（　　）
A． to tell B． to be told
C． being told D． told
【答案】B
【分析】战争后乔治回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了他。
【解答】此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；现在分词作结果状语则表示自然的结果。此处George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。B项正确。
故选：B。
【点评】不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。弄清楚不定式的各种表达形式的含义和在句中所作的成分，然后选择最符合题意的选项。
4．（2023春 越秀区期末） This is one of the most popular books ________ this year.（　　）
A． which have been published
B． which has been published
C． that have been published
D． that has been published
【答案】C
【分析】这是今年出版的最受欢迎的书之一。
【解答】分析句子及结合句意可知，________ this year是定语从句，先行词是books，指物，从句缺主语和谓语，所以用that引导，动词publish与先行词books是被动关系，根据时间状语this year可知，表示动作发生在过去一直延续到现在，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是that指代books，是复数，所以要用have been published。
故选：C。
【点评】分析句子结构，了解句意，对定语从句引导词的使用要熟练，准确判断时间点，熟练掌握谓语动词的时态语态的用法。
5．（2023春 番禺区期末）Unless ________ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．（　　）
A．invited B．inviting
C．being invited D．having invited
【答案】A
【分析】除非被邀请讲话，否则你在会上应该保持沉默．
【解答】从句主语为you和从句中谓语动词invite之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词invited，完整形式为Unless you are invited。
故选：A。
【点评】本题考查过去分词的用法．应根据从句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系来选择合适的过去分词．
二．完形填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 天河区校级期末） People say home is where the heart is.However，when the home you're living in isn't safe，the heartache can be a real headache.That was the （1）　A　 for one Nova Scotia family until neighbors stepped in to help them get through the difficulties.
When Alvero Wiggins was diagnosed with kidney failure，it created a（n） （2）　D　 effect on the family.That meant spending about nine hours a day on the （3）　B　 .And that also meant （4）　D　 work.Unable to earn a living，Wiggins，his wife，and their three children were（5）　C　 to move into a shelter.The terrible conditions they faced led to a（n） （6）　D　 adjustment for Wiggins's family.
（7）　C　 ，Alvero Wiggins had developed strong ties with his community.（8）　B　 his illness，he was an active volunteer in two local youth﹣related organizations.So many people in the neighborhood were willing to offer a helping hand.Sarah MacLaren，one of his neighbors，had （9）　C　 alongside him for years.And she knew how much Wiggins （10）　A　 in the pursuit of （11）　C　 others.So she thought he （12）　B　 to get something back.Getting his family a better place to live in became the most （13）　A　 mission for her.
MacLaren was （14）　C　 a local housing initiative﹣A Home For Everyone.For the past 15 years，she and her peers have （15）　D　 funds for various housing﹣related charities.Along with her charitable board，the （16）　B　 was made that this year's earnings would go toward helping the Wiggins family find a new place called home.With their （17）　A　 ，a four﹣bedroom townhouse near a park and a swimming pool would be the home of the family.
"It means a lot to us to have a home，"Wiggins told CBC with（18）　A　 ."I don't even know how to find the words to （19）　B　 everybody who has supported me.I believe everything will（20）　D　 gradually."
（1） A.case B.ambition C.solution D.request
（2） A.opposite B.predictable C.desired D.lasting
（3） A.improvement B.treatment C.experiment D.argument
（4） A.taking on B.returning to C.searching for D.knocking off
（5） A.encouraged B.forbidden C.forced D.allowed
（6） A.unknown B.stable C.necessary D.tough
（7） A.Accidentally B.Gradually C.Fortunately D.Hopefully
（8） A.After B.Before C.Since D.Despite
（9） A.fought B.sat C.worked D.studied
（10） A.invested B.suffered C.wondered D.gained
（11） A.teaching B.understanding C.helping D.accepting
（12） A.pretended B.deserved C.managed D.needed
（13） A.important B.challenging C.fruitless D.unpleasant
（14） A.in place of B.in response to C.in charge of D.in memory of
（15） A.started B.borrowed C.exchanged D.raised
（16） A.imagination B.decision C.assumption D.discovery
（17） A.efforts B.words C.tips D.dreams
（18） A.excitement B.embarrassment C.confusion D.sorrow
（19） A.reward B.thank C.greet D.invite
（20） A.take place B.get across C.catch on D.turn around
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这篇短文讲述了一个新斯科舍家庭在遭遇困难时，得到社区邻居帮助的故事。阿尔瓦罗 威金斯被诊断出肾衰竭后，家庭生活受到极大影响，他们甚至被迫搬到避难所。但由于威金斯在社区中建立了深厚的联系，邻居们纷纷伸出援手。萨拉 麦克拉伦，一位与他并肩多年的邻居，发起了为每个人提供一个家的地方住房计划，决定用今年的收益帮助威金斯一家找到一个新家。最终，他们找到了一个靠近公园和游泳池的四卧室联排别墅，威金斯对此深表感激，并对未来充满信心。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.case情形；B.ambition抱负；C.solution解决之道；D.request要求。句意：新斯科舍省的一个家庭就是这样，直到邻居们介入帮助他们度过难关。根据上文However，when the home you're living in isn't safe，the heartache can be a real headache可知，当居住的家不安全时，这让人头疼，这是一种情形。故答案为A。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.opposite相对的；B.predictable可预测的；C.desired渴望的；D.lasting持续的。句意：当Alvero Wiggins被诊断为肾衰竭时，这对家庭产生了持久的影响。根据下文That meant spending about nine hours a day可知，这种情况对一个家庭会产生持久的影响。故答案为D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.improvement提高；B.treatment治疗；C.experiment实验；D.argument争论。句意：这意味着每天要花大约9个小时进行治疗。根据上文Alvero Wiggins was diagnosed with kidney failure可知，Alvero Wiggins需要接受治疗。故答案为B。
（4）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.taking on呈现；B.returning to回到；C.searching for寻找；D.knocking off停工。句意：这也意味着停止工作。根据下文Unable to earn a living可知，他不得不停止工作。故答案为D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.encouraged鼓励；B.forbidden禁止；C.forced强迫；D.allowed允许。句意：由于无法谋生，Alvero Wiggins、他的妻子和他们的三个孩子被迫搬进收容所。根据上文Unable to earn a living可知，他们被迫搬进收容所。故答案为C。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unknown未知的；B.stable稳定的；C.necessary必要的；D.tough艰难的。句意：他们所面临的恶劣条件使威金斯的家人不得不进行艰难的适应。根据前文The terrible conditions可知，他们不得不进行艰难的适应。故答案为D。
（7）考查副词及语境理解。A.Accidentally意外地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Fortunately幸运地；D.Hopefully充满希望地。句意：幸运的是，Alvero Wiggins与他的社区建立了牢固的联系。根据下文Alvero Wiggins had developed strong ties with his community可知，他是幸运的。故答案为C。
（8）考查介词及语境理解。A.After在……之后；B.Before在……之前；C.Since自从；D.Despite尽管。句意：在生病之前，他是当地两个与青年有关的组织的积极志愿者。根据下文So many people in the neighborhood were willing to offer a helping hand可知，在生病之前他就积极地投身于社会公益。故答案为B。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.fought斗争；B.sat坐下；C.worked工作；D.studied学习。句意：他的一个邻居Sarah MacLaren多年来一直和他一起工作。根据上文he was an active volunteer in two local youth﹣related organizations可知，他们一起工作多年。故答案为C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.invested投资；B.suffered遭受；C.wondered想知道；D.gained获得。句意：她知道Alvero Wiggins在帮助他人的过程中投入了多少。根据下文get something back可知，Wiggins在帮助他人方面投入很多。故答案为A。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.teaching教；B.understanding理解；C.helping帮助；D.accepting接受。句意：她知道Alvero Wiggins在帮助他人的过程中投入了多少。根据上文So many people in the neighborhood were willing to offer a helping hand可知，他帮助他人投入不少。故答案为C。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.pretended假装；B.deserved值得；C.managed设法完成；D.needed需要。句意：所以她认为他应该得到一些回报。根据上文he was an active volunteer in two local youth﹣related organizations可知，他应该得到一些回报。故答案为B。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.important重要的；B.challenging挑战；C.fruitless没有结果的；D.unpleasant不愉快的。句意：让他的家人有一个更好的住处成为她最重要的任务。根据上文So she thought he （12）to get something back可知，这是她最重要的任务。故答案为A。
（14）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in place of取代；B.in response to作为回复；C.in charge of负责；D.in memory of纪念。句意：MacLaren负责当地的一项住房倡议——人人有家。根据下文For the past 15 years，she and her peers have （15）funds for various housing﹣related charities可知，她对该活动负责。故答案为C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.started开始；B.borrowed借入；C.exchanged交换；D.raised筹集。句意：在过去的15年里，她和她的同龄人为各种与住房相关的慈善机构筹集了资金。根据下文funds for various housing﹣related charities可知，他们筹集资金。故答案为D。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.imagination想象；B.decision决定；C.assumption假设；D.discovery发现。句意：与她的慈善委员会一起，决定今年的收入将用于帮助威金斯一家找到一个新的家。根据下文was made that this year's earnings would go toward helping the Wiggins family find a new place called home可知这是他们的决定。故答案为B。
（17）考查名词及语境理解。A.efforts努力；B.words话语；C.tips技巧；D.dreams梦想。句意：在他们的努力下，一栋靠近公园和游泳池的四居室联排别墅将成为这家人的家。根据下文a four﹣bedroom townhouse near a park and a swimming pool would be the home of the family可知，这一切是他们的共同努力之下做到的。故答案为A。
（18）考查名词及语境理解。A.excitement激动；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.confusion困惑；D.sorrow悲伤。句意：Wiggins兴奋地告诉加拿大广播公司："有个家对我们来说意义重大。"根据上文It means a lot to us to have a home可知，他非常激动。故答案为A。
（19）考查动词及语境理解。A.reward奖励；B.thank感谢；C.greet问候；D.invite邀请。句意：我甚至不知道该如何用言语来感谢所有支持我的人。根据下文everybody who has supported me可知，他要感谢每个帮助过他的人。故答案为B。
（20）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take place发生；B.get across被理解；C.catch on流行；D.turn around好转。句意：我相信一切都会慢慢好转的。根据上文I believe everything will可知，他相信一切会好起来的。故答案为D。
【点评】完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
7．（2024春 番禺区期末）
Welcome to Epcot's Festival of the Arts
Festival Information
Held annually at Walt Disney World Resort，Epcot's Festival of the Arts involves various activities from viewing art exhibits and participating in interactive workshops to enjoying creative and colorful food dishes.
Popular Events
Expression Section：A Paint by Numbers Mural（壁画） It is a large﹣scale，community﹣driven art project where parents and their kids can contribute to a massive mural by painting sections of it.Visit the Expression Section booth to pick up paint and a brush.Then，paint a few squares that can correspond with your paint color.
Artful Photo Ops This is an opportunity for kids to take fun family pictures against the background of various murals and interactive 3 D art equipment throughout Epcot's Festival of the Arts.Find these step﹣in frames around EPCOT： International Gateway：Luncheon of the Boating Party Mexico Pavilion：An Homage to Frida Kahlo
Animation（动画制作） Academy This is a hands﹣on workshop where you and your kids can learn to draw beloved Disney characters，guided by a real Disney artist.It's a unique opportunity for your kids to make good use of their creativity.This experience takes place in America Gardens Theatre.
Kids Chalk Art It is an interactive art experience where kids can watch impressive chalk be created right before their eyes and even participate in creating some chalk art themselves.This experience is offered at the bridge to World Showcase Plaza.
Ticket Prices
Standard date﹣based tickets are offered，which requires you to choose a start date.
One ticket per day for an adult costs ＄120 and kids under 12 get per ticket with 20% off.You can save ＄20 per ticket if you purchase 3﹣day or longer tickets!
（1）What is a feature of Epcot's Festival of the Arts？ 　D　
A.It is 3 D﹣centered.
B.It is food﹣themed.
C.It is monthly held.
D.It is kid﹣friendly.
（2）Where can visitors paint Disney characters under the guidance of an artist？ 　C　
A.International Gateway.
B.World Showcase Plaza.
C.America Gardens Theatre.
D.The Expression Section booth.
（3）How much do a couple and a kid of seven pay for the one﹣day tickets？ 　C　
A.300.
B.336.
C.340.
D.360.
【答案】DCC
【分析】文章主要介绍了位于沃尔特迪士尼世界度假区的Epcot艺术节，这是一个年度活动，包括观赏艺术展览、参与互动工作坊和品尝创意美食。其中受欢迎的活动有：Expression Section（大型社区驱动的艺术项目）、Artful Photo Ops（提供有趣的家庭照片背景）、Animation Academy（学习绘制迪士尼角色的工作坊）和Kids Chalk Art（儿童可以观看并参与创作粉笔画）。门票价格为成人每张120美元，12岁以下儿童票享受8折优惠，购买3天或更长时间的票可以节省20美元。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二个表格This is an opportunity for kids to take fun family pictures against the background of various murals and interactive 3 D art equipment throughout Epcot's Festival of the Arts.（这是一个机会，在 Epcot 艺术节期间，孩子们可以在各种壁画和互动式3 D 艺术设备的背景下拍摄有趣的家庭照片。）可知艾波科特艺术节的特色是它是儿童友好型的。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三个表格This is a hands﹣on workshop where you and your kids can learn to draw beloved Disney characters，guided by a real Disney artist.It's a unique opportunity for your kids to make good use of their creativity.This experience takes place in America Gardens Theatre.（这是一个动手车间，你和你的孩子可以学习绘制心爱的迪斯尼人物，由一个真正的迪斯尼艺术家的指导。这是一个独特的机会，让你的孩子充分利用他们的创造力。这种体验在美国花园剧院上演。）在艺术家的指导下，游客可以在美国花园剧院画迪士尼人物。故选C。
（3）数字计算题。根据最后一段One ticket per day for an adult costs ＄120 and kids under 12 get per ticket with 20% off.（成人每天一张票120美元，12岁以下儿童每张票打8折。）可知一对夫妇和一个七岁的孩子买一日票要120+120+120*80%＝336美元。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8．（2024春 广州期末） Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty.You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth﹣seeking firms and self﹣promoting applicants，and to a certain extent it is.But companies themselves tend to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self﹣defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers：job applicants.When it comes to writing the resume（简历），they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions of income；the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British people spend four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to overturn the truth negatively impacts companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast﹣paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the "ideal candidate"，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give potential employees a real sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co﹣authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why.So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
（1）Why are "leader" and "enthusiast" mentioned in paragraph 2？ 　D　
A.To stress the importance of presenting a personal image.
B.To describe the hiring process of a large company.
e.To make a comparison between different interviewers.
D.To show job applicants' attempt to appear good.
（2）What problems do many firms hate？ 　A　
A.They set goals for their employees.
B.They fails to provide honest job description.
C.Their working environment is stressful.
D.They are becoming less friendly to employees.
（3）What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph .4？ 　A　
A.They show a position as it is.
B.They are made either in text or video.
C.They are favorable for bigger firms.
D.They mainly contain negatives of a job.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about？ 　B　
A.Pains and gains of employees.
B.How to get the lying out of hiring.
C.How to be more appealing in hiring.
D.A war between applicants and companies.
【答案】DAAB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要讨论了招聘过程中诚信与不诚实之间的斗争。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Start with the obvious wrongdoers：job applicants.When it comes to writing the resume（简历），they are likely to beautify reality into the most attractive shape possible.Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions of income；the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.The average British people spend four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos.But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare，using their spare time only for worthy purposes，like volunteering in soup kitchens.（在写简历的时候，他们倾向于把现实情况粉饰成最吸引人的样子。每个经验超过一定水平的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责创造数百万美元的收入；如果所有这些说法都是正确的，那么世界经济规模将是实际规模的15倍左右。英国人平均每天花四个半小时看电视和在线视频。但平均每位求职者都热衷于公益事业，他们只把业余时间用于有价值的目的，比如在施粥处做志愿者。）可知第二段提到了"领导者"和"热情者"，以显示求职者试图表现良好。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段But the tendency to overturn the truth negatively impacts companies as well as applicants.The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast﹣paced and innovative，and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the "ideal candidate"，someone who almost by definition does not exist.Sometimes，the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.（但是推翻事实的倾向对公司和申请者都有负面影响。典型的公司会写一份工作描述，总是将工作环境描述为快节奏和创新，然后为"理想候选人"列出一系列不可能的要求，这些人根据定义几乎不存在。有时，这些要求包括回到过去改变历史进程的能力。）可知许多公司为员工设定目标。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job，as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture.One effective strategy is to lay out，in text or video，what a typical day in the role would look like.（很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容，而预览的目的是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，以及公司的企业文化。一个有效的策略是在文字或视频中列出这个职位的典型一天是怎么过的）可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段Such honesty can be its own reward.（这种诚实本身就是一种回报）可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项"如何消除招聘中的谎言"能够总结文章大意，故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
9．（2024春 天河区校级期末） Loss aversion（ 厌恶），the idea that losses are more psychologically influential than gains，is widely considered the most important idea of behavioral decision﹣making and its sister field of behavioral economics.To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."
Why has such profound importance been attached to loss aversion？Largely because it is thought to reflect a fundamental truth about humans﹣ ﹣that we are more motivated by our fears than by our desires.This conclusion has indications for almost every aspect of how we live our lives.
However，as documented in a recent critical review of loss aversion by Rucker of Northwestern University，there is no general cognitive（认知的） prejudice that leads people to avoid losses more strongly than to pursue gains.Contrary to claims based on loss aversion，price increases do not affect consumer behavior more than price decreases.
If losing ＄10，000 means giving up the roof over your head whereas gaining ＄ 10，000 means going on an extra vacation，it is perfectly reasonable to be more concerned with the loss than the gain.
Why has belief in loss aversion been held so strong for so long？An idealized view of science is that theories are accepted or rejected based only on evidence from experiments.In fact，science is not simply an impersonal search for truth，but also a social process，in which supporters of a theory must convince other scientists，through logic and argumentation，of how evidence should be interpreted.
In sum，our critical view of loss aversion highlights that，even in contemporary times，wrong ideas can continue to exist for a long time despite contrary evidence，and therefore，that there is a need to critically assess accepted beliefs.While loss aversion has frequently been used to explain why people are prejudiced toward the current situation，perhaps fittingly，the case of loss aversion illustrates the importance of challenging the present state of science.
（1）Why did Kahneman write Thinking Fast and Slow ？ 　C　
A．To record the process of our thinking.
B．To test the contribution of loss aversion.
C．To show loss aversion is viewed important.
D．To figure out how loss aversion comes about.
（2）Which situation worried people most according to Kahneman？ 　C　
A．Decreasing price.
B．An extra holiday.
C．Rising price.
D．Pursuing gains.
（3）What does the author think of science？ 　D　
A．It is only based on experiments.
B．It bears little relation to evidence.
C．It interprets logic and argumentation.
D．Its research process is objective and social.
（4）What can be a suitable title for this passage？ 　A　
A．Why Is An Important Idea False？
B．How Can Loss Aversion Be Defined？
C．Is An Accepted Idea Really Objective？
D．Are We Prejudiced to Loss Aversion？
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】短文主要讲述了损失厌恶的概念在行为决策和行为经济学领域中的重要性。损失厌恶被认为是损失对人们心理影响比收益更大的观念，被广泛认为是行为决策和行为经济学的最重要的理论之一。然而，最近一项对损失厌恶的批判性评论指出，没有普遍的认知偏见导致人们更强烈地回避损失而不是追求收益。因此，对于损失和收益的关注程度取决于具体情境。此外，短文还提到科学是一个社会过程，科学家们需要通过逻辑和论证来说服其他科学家接受他们的理论。总之，短文强调了对已接受的观念进行批判性评估的重要性，并且损失厌恶的例子说明了挑战现有科学状况的重要性。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."（为了说明损失厌恶的重要性，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者卡尼曼在他的著作《思考快与慢》中写道："损失厌恶的概念无疑是心理学对行为经济学的最大贡献。"）可知，卡尼曼写《思维的快与慢》表明厌恶损失被视为重要。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第一段To illustrate the significance attached to loss aversion，Kahneman，winner of Nobel Prize in economics，wrote in his book，Thinking Fast and Slow，that"the concept of loss aversion is certainly the greatest contribution of psychology to behavioral economics."（为了说明损失厌恶的重要性，诺贝尔经济学奖获得者卡尼曼在他的著作《思考快与慢》中写道："损失厌恶的概念无疑是心理学对行为经济学的最大贡献。"）和第三段Contrary to claims based on loss aversion，price increases do not affect consumer behavior more than price decreases.（与基于损失厌恶的说法相反，价格上涨对消费者行为的影响并不比价格下跌更大。）可知，Kahneman认为，物价上涨最让人们担心。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段An idealized view of science is that theories are accepted or rejected based only on evidence from experiments.In fact，science is not simply an impersonal search for truth，but also a social process，in which supporters of a theory must convince other scientists，through logic and argumentation，of how evidence should be interpreted.（理想化的科学观是，理论只基于实验的证据而被接受或拒绝。事实上，科学不仅仅是对真理的客观探索，也是一个社会过程，在这个过程中，一个理论的支持者必须通过逻辑和论证说服其他科学家，让他们相信应该如何解释证据。）可知，作者认为科学研究过程是客观的、社会的。故选D。
（4）标题判断题。根据全文和最后一段In sum，our critical view of loss aversion highlights that，even in contemporary times，wrong ideas can continue to exist for a long time despite contrary evidence，and therefore，that there is a need to critically assess accepted beliefs.（总之，我们对损失厌恶的批判性观点强调，即使在当代，错误的想法也可能持续存在很长一段时间，尽管有相反的证据，因此，有必要批判性地评估公认的信念。）可知，短文强调了对已接受的观念进行批判性评估的重要性，并且损失厌恶的例子说明了挑战现有科学状况的重要性。A项Why Is An Important Idea False？（为什么一个重要的想法是假的）是正确的标题。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
10．（2023春 广州期末）When I was in nursing school，I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life，and learn so much in a short amount of time.However，the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient who was first starting chemotherapy （化疗）.My nursing instructor Marie told me that patients often experience an anaphylactic （过敏性的） reaction to the medicine when they first start chemotherapy，so it is important to give the medicine at a slower rate.Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine，we should stop running the chemotherapy，check the patient's blood pressure，and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy，I asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction.I also noticed his face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath.He mentioned having lower back pain，so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy，started taking his blood pressure，and reported it to Marie.His blood pressure was within his normal limits，so we gave him Benadryl via his IV.The Benadryl helped the patient，and we had the Benadryl running when we started his chemotherapy again，but at a slower rate.This time the patient did not have an anaphylactic reaction，and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine.Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due to the chemotherapy；due to our teaching，our patient recognized his symptoms and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction.During the clinical training，I had many experiences where I had to think on my feet and conduct nursing care quickly.These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.
（1）Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy？ 　B　
A．He had high blood pressure.
B．He had a reaction to the medicine.
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain.
D．He refused to answer her questions.
（2）According to the author，what played a key role in saving the patient？ 　D　
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid.
B．Making adequate preparations in advance.
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine.
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine.
（3）Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience？ 　A　
A．Rewarding.
B．Dangerous.
C．Interesting.
D．Painful.
（4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ 　C　
A．To express gratitude to her instructor.
B．To encourage others to take up nursing.
C．To share her clinical training experience.
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment.
【答案】BDAC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要分享了她的临床培训经验以及收获。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine，we should stop running the chemotherapy，check the patient's blood pressure，and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.（玛丽说，如果有病人对药物有反应，我们应该停止化疗，检查病人的血压，然后从急救箱里拿出适当的药物）可知，作者停止给病人化疗是因为他对药物有反应。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. （这段经历让我明白，评估你的病人，事先告诉你的病人药物可能引起的反应是多么重要）可知，根据作者的说法，在挽救患者方面起了关键作用的是告诉患者药物可能的反应。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.（这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性）可知，作者的临床经验是值得的，有意义的。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. （这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性）以及These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.（ 这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性）可知，作者写作文本的目的是分享她的临床培训经验。故选C。
【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
11．（2023春 番禺区期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use "123456"， "password"or "qwerty"as a password，you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers（黑客）.But you're not alone.（1）　E　 Recently，password management service NordPass has carrieaorgt a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world.They analysed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references.（2）　C　 In the UK， "liverpool" was the third most popular password，with 224，160 hits，while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo"was used by 15，748 people in Chile，making it the fifth most common choice.
（3）　D　 Women tend to use more positive and affectionate（深情的） words and phrases such as "sunshine"or "iloveyou"，while men often use sports﹣related passwords.In some countries，men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism （身份验证机制） for computers and network﹣based products and services.But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely.（4）　G　
To overcome the security issues linked with password﹣based authentication systems，researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don't depend on passwords at all. （5）　F　 For example，two﹣factor authentication （2 FA） and multi﹣factor authentication （MFA） methods are good ways to secure your accounts.These methods combine a password with biometric information （for example，a face scan or fingerprint） or something distinguishable，like a captcha（验证码）.All in all，a secure password is the first line of defense against cyber attacks.Don't give up security for convenience.
A.They need the support of computer experts.
B.The findings show that passwords tell our emotions.
C.People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
D.The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
E.These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
F.Besides，there are other ways to protect your personal information.
G.As a result，they put themselves under potential online security threats.
【答案】ECDGF
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了人们经常使用的一些密码以及保护账户安全的方法。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据前文If you use "123456"， "password"or "qwerty"as a password，you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers（黑客）.But you're not alone（如果你使用"123456"、"password"或"qwerty"作为密码，你可能意识到自己有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不是唯一的），可知表示"这些是世界上最流行的密码之一"的选项E可以承接前文的密码，介绍这些是世界上最流行的密码之一，故选E。
（2）推理判断题。根据后文In the UK， "liverpool" was the third most popular password，with 224，160 hits，while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo"was used by 15，748 people in Chile，making it the fifth most common choice（在英国，"利物浦"是第三大热门密码，点击次数为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部"科洛科洛"的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码），可知表示"有些国家的人从足球队中获得灵感"的选项C可以和后文构成例证关系，举例说明英国和智利的热门密码与足球有关，故选C。
（3）主题判断题。根据后文Women tend to use more positive and affectionate（深情的） words and phrases such as "sunshine"or "iloveyou"，while men often use sports﹣related passwords（女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的语言，诸如"阳光"或"iloveyou"之类的单词和短语，而男性经常使用与体育相关的密码），可知表示"报告还反映了不同性别的偏好"的选项D可以作为本段的主题句，介绍不同性别对于密码的偏好，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely（但我们知道，人们继续选择弱密码，而且往往无法安全地管理它们），可知表示"因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下"的选项G可以承接前文，构成因果关系，因为人们继续选择弱密码，而且往往无法安全地管理它们，所以他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下，故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文To overcome the security issues linked with password﹣based authentication systems，researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don't depend on passwords at all（为了克服与基于密码的身份验证系统相关的安全问题，研究人员和开发人员现在正专注于创建完全不依赖密码的身份认证系统）；以及后文For example，two﹣factor authentication （2 FA） and multi﹣factor authentication （MFA） methods are good ways to secure your accounts（例如，双因素身份验证和多因素身份验证方法是保护帐户安全的好方法），可知表示"此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息"的选项F可以承接前文关于网络安全新方法的介绍，引出后文其他方法的例子，故选F。
【点评】这个题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有帮助。
五．语法填空（共1小题）
12．（2024春 广州期末） Many people hold at least one memory of a kite from their childhoods.It could be a sunny spring day in （1）　an　 open area with family members.（2）　As　 the wind picks up，the flyer runs as fast as they can，until the kite climbs high into the sky and dances （3）　in　 the air.
Kites' origins can date back to the late Spring and Autumn Period （770—476 BC）.Historical accounts showed that philosopher Mozi spent three years crafting a wooden hawk， （4）　which　 is believed to be a prototype（原型） of today's kite.Later，Lu Ban made improvements by using bamboo instead of wood.
Kites are considered one of the （5）　earliest　 （early） forms of aircraft.People observed birds and thought of using wood and paper （6）　to make　 （make） objects that could fly in the sky.They （7）　were driven　 （drive） by curiosity and a spirit of scientific （8）　exploration　 （explore） to understand and make use of the power of wind.In China，Weifang，Beijing，Tianjin and Jiangsu province's Nantong are four major areas that are celebrated for unique kite﹣making （9）　skills　 （skill）.Yet they all share the same devotion to preserving and （10）　promoting　 （promote） traditional craftsmanship.
【答案】（1）an（2）As（3）in（4）which（5）earliest（6）to make（7）were driven（8）exploration（9）skills（10）promoting
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了风筝与中国文化价值观息息相关。
【解答】（1）考查冠词。句意：这可能是一个阳光明媚的春日，和家人在开阔的地方。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，open是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（2）考查连词。句意：当风起的时候，风筝会以最快的速度奔跑，直到风筝飞上天空，在空中飞舞。根据句意可知，此处表示"随着，当……的时候"，所以用连词as引导时间状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，故填As。
（3）考查介词。句意：当风起的时候，风筝会以最快的速度奔跑，直到风筝飞上天空，在空中飞舞。此处为介词短语in the air"在空中"，in为介词，故填in。
（4）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：历史记载表明，哲学家墨子花了三年时间制作了一只木制的鹰，这被认为是今天风筝的原型。先行词为a wooden hawk，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导，故填which。
（5）考查形容词最高级。句意：风筝被认为是最早的飞行器之一。前面有one of the，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填earliest。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：人们观察到鸟类，就想到用木头和纸制作可以在空中飞行的物体。此处为动词短语use sth.to do sth."使用某物做某事"，动词不定式作宾补，故填to make。
（7）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在好奇心和科学探索精神的驱使下，他们了解并利用了风的力量。描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，drive和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为they，所以be动词为were，故填were driven。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：在好奇心和科学探索精神的驱使下，他们了解并利用了风的力量。作介词的宾语，所以用名词exploration，为不可数名词，故填exploration。
（9）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在中国，潍坊、北京、天津和江苏南通是四大以独特的风筝制作技术而闻名的地区。作介词的宾语，所以用名词skill，为可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词复数表示泛指，故填skills。
（10）考查动名词。句意：然而，他们都致力于保护和推广传统工艺。和preserving并列作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，故填promoting。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
六．单词拼写（共5小题）
13．（2022春 越秀区期末）Our plans need to be 　flexible　 （灵活的）enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
【答案】flexible
【分析】我们的计划必须能灵活变通，以满足每个人的需要。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"灵活的"可译为flexible，be动词后接形容词flexible作表语。
故填：flexible。
【点评】考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
14．（2024春 天河区校级期末）This was a 　remarkable　 （非凡的） achievement by the Chinese team of scientists，in such a short space of time.
【答案】remarkable
【分析】这是中国科学家团队在如此短的时间内取得的非凡成就。
【解答】根据括号内词义，"非凡的"可译为remarkable，形容词作定语修饰名词achievement。
故填：remarkable。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
15．（2024春 番禺区期末）The 　judges　 （评委） were tasked with determining the winner of the competition based on various criteria，including skills，performance，and overall impression.
【答案】 judges
【分析】评委们的任务是根据各种标准确定比赛的获胜者，包括技能、表现和整体印象。
【解答】根据句子结构及汉语提示"评委"可知，此处应用名词judge作主语，结合后文were可知，此处应用其复数形式。
故填：judges。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
16．（2024春 番禺区期末）She walked into the room g 　ently　 （轻轻地），as if she didn't want to ruin the peaceful atmosphere.
【答案】gently
【分析】她轻轻地走进房间，好像不想破坏宁静的气氛。
【解答】根据首字母及汉语提示"轻轻地"可知，此处应用副词gently作状语，修饰动词walked。
故填：gently。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语及首字母明确句子所要考查的单词的拼写，再结合语法知识判断是否要对单词做出形式上的变化。
17．（2024春 番禺区期末）F 　ounded　 （创建） over 20 years ago，the company has grown into a successful enterprise with a global presence.
【答案】Founded
【分析】公司成立于20多年前，现已发展成为一家成功的全球企业。
【解答】根据汉语提示" 创建"，可知用动词found，分析句子可知本句谓语为has grown into，所以found为非谓语，和主语the company之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。
故填：Founded。
【点评】做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语意思明确句子所要考查的短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对短语做出形式上的变化。
七．翻译题（共5小题）
18．（2021春 天河区期末）据报道，这两位致力于科研的科学家将

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