资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末） You don't have to be alone to feel lonely﹣anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will （1）　 　 .A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to （2）　 　 loneliness.
"Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you.It's about whether the ones around you are those you can （3）　 　 ，"says John T.Cacioppo，director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness，but the kinds of social interaction they may be （4）　 　 are different.Women generally （5）　 　 for face﹣ to﹣face social interactions，whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and （6）　 　 within a group.
Quoting therapists，The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking.It often has an emotional （7）　 　 .Big changes in life，such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.But （8）　 　 things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely.
The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from （9）　 　 into feeling lonely.You can start by （10）　 　 that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely.You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.
You should acknowledge （11）　 　 thoughts and then try to think differently.How to achieve this？Change the mental story you （12）　 　 yourself.Remember that there are people who care about you， （13）　 　 they may just be busy at the moment.
Try to enjoy the moments you have （14）　 　 .Do things you enjoy doing alone，like reading or listening to music.If you are single and live by yourself，you can （15）　 　 a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people.
（1） A.agree B.bother C.protest D.perceive
（2） A.put up with B.turn to C.call on D.fight back
（3） A.tolerate B.trust C.predict D.inspire
（4） A.excluding B.applying C.missing D.attaching
（5） A.account B.make C.long D.constitute
（6） A.belonging B.relaxation C.vision D.dominant
（7） A.gesture B.response C.touch D.trigger
（8） A.small B.vital C.ultimate D.panicky
（9） A.sealing B.sliding C.surfing D.stuffing
（10） A.anticipating B.recognizing C.informing D.identifying
（11） A.positive B.passive C.active D.negative
（12） A.read B.find C.tell D.learn
（13） A.when B.but C.so D.or
（14） A.by yourself B.to yourself C.on yourself D.of yourself
（15） A.register B.join C.serve D.admit
二．阅读理解（共3小题）
2．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末） Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house in the upscale Koramangala district of Bangalore，India.
"They were just walking around that building site with their feet bare，hard，dirty and bleeding，as though it was an everyday practice for them，" reflects Sia，now 17.And it was in that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege.
She went back home，looked at her tender feet and opened her wardrobe doors，seeing shoes—many of which hadn't been worn for months or years—piled up high.She headed to her mother's wardrobe next，literally dusting off cobwebs from some shoes.Then she rushed to give them all away to the same children she saw at the building site.
Later that year，with the help of her parents and community volunteers，Sia founded Sole Warriors，a charity dedicated to providing footwear to those in need， epitomised by its motto： "Donate a sole，save a soul."
The idea，which started as a dinner conversation with her parents，quickly grew.After she spread the word with posters and social media，enquiries from people who wanted to help came flooding in.Now in its fifth year，the organisation runs distribution drives in which Sole Warriors collects used footwear，refurbishes （翻新） it and donates the finished products to people in need.
That need，says Sia，is endless.In a world where the poorest half of the population owns just two per cent of the wealth，an estimated 300 million people can't afford footwear.Of the nearly 24 billion shoes made every year，shockingly more than 90 per cent end up in landfills.
In its first distribution drive，Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes.Today that number stands at around 28，000 across four countries，including the United States，China and Liberia，thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers.
But the organisation's growth wasn't without its challenges.When it came to looking for collaborators，such as a company that would do the refurbishments free of charge，Sia faced one obstacle after another before finding a partner in India's Pressto Cobbler.
In recognition of her impact，in 2021 Sia was given the Diana Award，one of the most prestigious （声誉高的） honours a young person can receive for social action or humanitarian work.But her work isn't done. "Our goal has always been to touch a million feet，" she says.
（1）　 　 inspired Sia to donate shoes to the children at the building site.
A.Her privilege to live in an upscale community
B.Her parents' and community volunteers' help
C.The sight of children without wearing shoes
D.The piles of shoes in her parent'wardrobes
（2）The underlined word "epitomized" in para.4 can be replaced with 　 　 .
A.symbolized
B.nicknamed
C.sustained
D.founded
（3）What can be inferred about Sia's charitable cause？ 　 　
A.Sia was awarded Diana Award for her cause at 20.
B.Sia's project recycles 90% of used shoes in landfills.
C.Sia conquered many challenges posed by Pressto Cobbler.
D.Sia is ambitious to expand her project by donating more shoes.
（4）Which of the following is probably the best title of the text？ 　 　
A.Miseries at Indian Building Site
B.Walking in Someone else's Shoes
C.Favourite for the Diana Award
D.Mission Achieved by Perseverance
3．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Fact or Myth？
WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH ①　 　 Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non﹣rapid eye movement stage of sleep.Several factors can lead to walking while sleeping，including alcohol use，stress and even brain injury.However，there is a genetic explanation for sleepwalking.Studies have shown that children with one or both sleepwalking parents are 40 to 60 per cent more likely to sleepwalk themselves.As for the consequences of waking a sleepwalker，there is no evidence that it will hurt or harm him，but will likely cause disorientation and confusion.
LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNOREMORE ②　 　 Snoring，namely breathing noisily，is caused by airflow being restricted through the body's airways during sleep.When you lie on your back，gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards，narrowing them.As air passes through the passage through the nose，it causes tissue to vibrate （振动）with every breath and can create a snoring sound.When you sleep on your side this tissue doesn't move downwards，opening up the airways and reducing the volume of snoring.
YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN ③　 　 This common theory in question dates back to the early 1900s，when the philosopher and founder of American psychology William James suggested that we only use a small portion of our potential.In a 1907 paper titled The Energies of Men，James wrote： "We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources." It's sustained by a book How to Win Friends and Influence People，where American writer Lowell Thomas wrote that "professor William James of Harvard used to say that the average person develops only ten per cent of his potential mental ability".
（1）Which section of a magazine does this passage probably belong to？ 　 　
A.Educational features.
B.Medical science.
C.Psychology forum.
D.Classified ads.
（2）Which of the following pictures best illustrates SNORING SCIENCE？ 　 　
A.
B.
C.
D.
（3）Which of the following best fits into the numbered blanks ①—②—③？ 　 　
A.MYTH—FACT—FACT
B.FACT—MYTH—FACT
C.MYTH—FACT—MYTH
D.FACT—MYTH—MYTH
4．（2024春 杨浦区期末） When would you say"old age"begins？It's possible that the closer you think you are to that threshold（起始点），the later you'll put it，but people's general perceptions of old age have been changing over time.New research finds that nowadays，we think of old age starting later than we used to ﹣﹣but that trend may not continue forever.
Scientists from Germany，the USA，and Luxembourg analyzed data from over14，000 individuals participating in a decades﹣long study called the German Ageing Survey.These participants，born between 1911 and 1974，covering several generations，provided up to eight responses over a 25﹣year span，when they were aged between 40 and 100.
One of the main questions，and the subject of the new paper，was"At what age would you describe someone as old？"
When they were asked this question at the age of 65，people born in 1911 said that old age begins，on average，at the age of 71.When the question was repeated to people born in 1956 once they also hit 65 years old，they instead put the threshold three years later，at 74.
In a statement，first author Markus Wettstein gave some suggestions as to why this might be："Life expectancy has increased，which might contribute to a later perceived onset （开始） of old age.Also，some aspects of health have improved over time，so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays."
The same trend was observed at the individual level too.On average，as each participant aged by four or five years themselves，their estimate for the onset of old age increased by a year.
Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average.There were some other factors that were found to impact someone's individual estimate too﹣﹣ for example，people in poorer health，who were lonelier，or who"felt"older generally believed old age begins earlier.
"It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging，or rather the opposite ﹣﹣ perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state，"Wettstein said.
What's evident is that this postponement trend won't last forever.In fact，it's already slowing down.
The study has some limitations，in that participants were all from one country.The researchers say future studies should seek to address this，as well as examining whether the trend towards postponing the perception of the onset of old age is continuing to decelerate.
（1）What is the main finding of the new research mentioned in the article？ 　 　
A.People's perceptions of old age have remained constant over time.
B.Improvements in certain health aspects help increase life expectancy.
C.The threshold for considering someone as"old"has been shifting earlier.
D.Nowadays people tend to think of old age as starting later than in the past.
（2）Which of the following is TRUE about the research？ 　 　
A.The 14，000 participants were from Germany，the US，and Luxembourg.
B.The participants provided at most eight responses during the 25﹣year period.
C.Future studies will explore factors affecting the estimated onset of old age.
D.Some participants cover several generations but are from the same family.
（3）Which of the following is NOT included in the postponement trend？ 　 　
A.Women set the starting point of old age around two years later than men.
B.One's closeness to this threshold could delay their perception of old age.
C.People's perception of a later onset of old age justifies delaying retirement.
D.Individuals once labeled as old at a certain age may not be considered so now.
（4）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　 　
A.Poorer people generally see old age starting earlier than the wealthier.
B.Postponing the onset of old age reflects a growing respect for the elderly.
C.People may delay the onset of old age because of their negative views of it.
D.Whether the postponement trend is slowing down needs further observation.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
5．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）
A.On a professional level，there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything. B.It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C.This conditioned was the very one that made him unable to speak. D.Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E.Do not underestimate the value of talking to people—doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F.To sum up，if your doctor refuses to talk to you，the Internet will help you find a better solution.
Google is my doctor
When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice，his doctors were confused. （1）　 　 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia.With the help of Google alerts and advice from his doctors，Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem.He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self﹣diagnosis.
A dams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice.The advantages of this are numerous，starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. （2）　 　 The Internet provides a vast number of specialized experts，and Googling can help you tap in to that.
Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society's medical costs.You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures，ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor's precious time.
However，it must be said that diagnosis is tricky，and comparing your rash （疹子） with an online photograph may lead you down the wrong path. （3）　 　 Doctors also take into account your medical history，state of mind，etc.No computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment.
In conclusion，the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems，but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. （4）　 　
四．选词填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 宝山区期末）
A.apply B.broadly C.complicated D downside E.hardly F.neighbors G.overburdened H.pills I.re﹣labeling J.turning K.worse
Britain appears to be in a mental﹣health crisis.In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants （抗抑郁药）；now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the（1）　 　 .Around 4.5 m Britons were in contact with mental﹣health services in 2021﹣22，a rise of almost 1 m in five years.
There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their （2）　 　 .One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world，with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning：all risk factors for poor mental health.Britain's poorest households are also （3）　 　 off than their equivalents in France and Germany，for example，which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression.And Britain's health system can seem more （4）　 　 than those in most other rich countries.In England alone，some 1.8 m are waiting for mental﹣health treatment.
Those factors might explain why more people are （5）　 　 to medication.Another reason is increased awareness.Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain.That is （6）　 　 a good thing.A reduction in humiliation （蒙羞） has encouraged more people to seek help.Taking antidepressants – or using mental﹣health services–has become much more acceptable.
But there is a （7）　 　 to this，as The Economist recently reported.Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly（8）　 　 common human emotions，such as stress and grief，as mental illnesses."You're going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to（9）　 　 it to 30%，50% of the population，"says Adrian Massey，author of a book called"Sick﹣Note Britain".
For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns，severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention.This is a problem：according to the GBD，Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe.The causes of such conditions are unclear，but seem to involve a（10）　 　 interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Illegal drug misuse，for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region，also plays a role.
五．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
Gender Equality
In many cultures，women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second﹣class citizens.Even today，many girls and women encounter significant challenges.Fortunately，there are organizations （1）　 　 （strive） to advance equitable treatment of girls and women.
The question remains （2）　 　 girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys.In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles，girls face a higher likelihood of （3）　 　 （pull） out of school.Shockingly，millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18，which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey.
Even in countries （4）　 　 educational opportunities are available for girls，their aspirations（志向） can be limited by psychological barriers.Girls who （5）　 　 （ not witness） women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability （6）　 　 （enter） those fields.Nonetheless，as more women achieve success，their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations.
The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women；it benefits society as a whole.Research indicates that every dollar （7）　 　 （invest） in women's and children's health can yield a significant long﹣term return of ＄20.Educated women contribute significantly to their communities （8）　 　 their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children.
Thus，it is essential to promote gender equality （9）　 　 we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a （10）　 　 （educated） population.
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 杨浦区期末）看到极端气候时，人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。（associate） 　 　
9．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）对一些学生而言，可以自由支配自己的业余时间远比拥有足够的零花钱更有意义，难道不是吗？（than） 　 　
10．（2023春 徐汇区校级期末）公司耗尽资源研发了有竞争力的产品，最终却因为缺乏资金陷入了绝境。（end） 　 　
11．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末） 根据目前的证据，海洋生物学家预测，失去这个看护人可能会导致小型食肉动物的数量大幅增加。（bring） 　 　
七．书面表达（共2小题）
12．（2024春 杨浦区期末）Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside
In recent years，there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from cities to the countryside.
This generation，born between the mid﹣1990s and early 2010s，is known for its preference for experiences over material possessions and a desire to lead a more sustainable lifestyle.As a result，many young people are leaving urban areas in pursuit of a slower pace of life and closer connection with nature.
The appeal of country living for Gen Z stems from multiple factors.Firstly，it offers a slower pace of life，which can be a welcome change from the hustle and bustle of city living.This can be particularly beneficial for those who struggle with anxiety or stress﹣related issues.Moreover，there is greater access to nature and outdoor activities such as hiking，camping and fishing.This not only promotes physical health but also helps to develop a deeper connection with the natural world.Also，living in the countryside often means lower living costs and less competition for jobs，making it an attractive option for those just starting out in their careers.
Some believe that technology has completely captured the attention of the younger generation，and they are therefore reluctant to leave the conveniences and excitement of the modern city.Actually，it is precisely this technological advancement that has facilitated the shift towards rural living among Gen Z.With remote work becoming increasingly common，young adults are no longer tied to urban centers for employment.They can work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection.Additionally，social media platforms have made it easier for individuals to share their rural lifestyles and connect with others who have similar interests.This virtual community fosters a sense of belonging and encourages young people to explore and appreciate the natural beauty of countryside.
_______
13．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，是"The English World"这份英语杂志的忠实读者。最近，这份杂志正在考虑取消纸质版，只在电子阅读器上提供电子版供读者阅读，并就这一计划征求读者意见。写一封邮件给该杂志"读者来信"专栏，内容须包括：
（1）你是否赞成杂志的这一计划；
（2）你的理由。
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末） You don't have to be alone to feel lonely﹣anyone who has experienced a fallout with friends or has to endure an awkward social gathering will （1）　D　 .A recent Wall Street Journal column teaches us how to （2）　D　 loneliness.
"Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you.It's about whether the ones around you are those you can （3）　B　 ，"says John T.Cacioppo，director of the Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience at the University of Chicago.
Cacioppo explains that men and women are equally as likely to experience loneliness，but the kinds of social interaction they may be （4）　D　 are different.Women generally （5）　C　 for face﹣ to﹣face social interactions，whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and （6）　A　 within a group.
Quoting therapists，The Wall Street Journal column points out that loneliness in its most unhealthy form is a distorted way of thinking.It often has an emotional （7）　D　 .Big changes in life，such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.But （8）　A　 things such as attending a wedding alone or quarreling with a sibling or a friend can also make us feel lonely.
The column also gives advice on how to stop being alone from （9）　B　 into feeling lonely.You can start by （10）　B　 that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely.You are creating the bad experience of loneliness by how you are thinking and behaving.
You should acknowledge （11）　B　 thoughts and then try to think differently.How to achieve this？Change the mental story you （12）　C　 yourself.Remember that there are people who care about you， （13）　B　 they may just be busy at the moment.
Try to enjoy the moments you have （14）　A　 .Do things you enjoy doing alone，like reading or listening to music.If you are single and live by yourself，you can （15）　B　 a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people.
（1） A.agree B.bother C.protest D.perceive
（2） A.put up with B.turn to C.call on D.fight back
（3） A.tolerate B.trust C.predict D.inspire
（4） A.excluding B.applying C.missing D.attaching
（5） A.account B.make C.long D.constitute
（6） A.belonging B.relaxation C.vision D.dominant
（7） A.gesture B.response C.touch D.trigger
（8） A.small B.vital C.ultimate D.panicky
（9） A.sealing B.sliding C.surfing D.stuffing
（10） A.anticipating B.recognizing C.informing D.identifying
（11） A.positive B.passive C.active D.negative
（12） A.read B.find C.tell D.learn
（13） A.when B.but C.so D.or
（14） A.by yourself B.to yourself C.on yourself D.of yourself
（15） A.register B.join C.serve D.admit
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）DDBDC （6）﹣（10）ADABB （11）﹣（15）BCBAB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。短文主要探讨了孤独感的本质和应对策略。
【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.agree同意；B.bother打扰；C.protest抗议；D.perceive意识到。句意：你不必一个人感到孤独——任何经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会的人都会感觉到。根据上句You don't have to be alone to feel lonely可知你不必一个人感到孤独，说明任何经历过与朋友争吵或不得不忍受尴尬社交聚会的人都会感觉到。故答案为D。
（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.put up with忍受；B.turn to转向；C.call on呼吁；D.fight back反击，战胜。句意：《华尔街日报》最近的一篇专栏文章教我们如何战胜孤独。根据后文If you are single and live by yourself，you can （15）a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people.可知如果你是单身，一个人住，你可以加入健身房或志愿团体，和其他人在一起。说明《华尔街日报》最近的一篇专栏文章教我们如何战胜孤独。故答案为D。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.tolerate忍受；B.trust信任；C.predict预测；D.inspire激励。句意：芝加哥大学认知和社会神经科学中心主任约翰 T 卡乔波说："这是关于你周围的人是否是你可以信任的人。根据上句Loneliness is not just about whether there are others around you.可知孤独不仅仅是你身边有没有别人。说明这是关于你周围的人是否是你可以信任的人。故答案为B。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.excluding排除；B.applying申请；C.missing错过；D.attaching贴上，附加。句意：卡乔波解释说，男性和女性同样可能经历孤独，但他们可能附加的社会互动的种类是不同的。根据空前the kinds of social interaction可知他们可能附加的社会互动的种类是不同的。故答案为D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.account解释；B.make制作；C.long渴望；D.constitute构成。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社会互动，而男性则在群体中寻找联系和归属感。根据空后for face﹣ to﹣face social interactions可知女性通常渴望面对面的社会互动，故答案为C。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.belonging所有物；B.relaxation放松；C.vision视力；D.dominant控制。句意：女性通常渴望面对面的社会互动，而男性则在群体中寻找联系和归属感。根据空前whereas men are looking for a sense of connection and可知男性则在群体中寻找联系和归属感。故答案为A。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.gesture手势；B.response反应；C.touch触摸；D.trigger诱因。句意：它往往有一个情绪触发。根据下句Big changes in life，such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.可知生活中的重大变化，如分手或搬到另一个城市或国家可能是孤独的原因。说明它往往有一个情绪触发。故答案为D。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.small小的；B.vital重要的；C.ultimate最后的；D.panicky恐慌的。句意：但是一些小事，比如独自参加婚礼，或者和兄弟姐妹或朋友吵架，也会让我们感到孤独。根据上句Big changes in life，such as a breakup or a move to another city or country can be the cause of loneliness.（生活中的重大变化，如分手或搬到另一个城市或国家可能是孤独的原因。）和but表示转折，可知但是一些小事，比如独自参加婚礼，或者和兄弟姐妹或朋友吵架，也会让我们感到孤独。故答案为A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.sealing密封；B.sliding滑动；C.surfing冲浪；D.stuffing填充。句意：该专栏还就如何避免独自一人陷入孤独给出了建议。slide into陷入。故答案为B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.anticipating期盼；B.recognizing识别；C.informing告知；D.identifying确认。句意：你可以从认识到你是那个告诉自己感到孤独的人开始。根据空后that you are the one who tells yourself that you feel lonely.可知你可以从认识到你是那个告诉自己感到孤独的人开始。故答案为B。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.positive积极的；B.passive消极的；C.active积极的；D.negative否定的。句意：你应该承认消极的想法，然后尝试从不同的角度思考。根据空后and then try to think differently可知然后尝试从不同的角度思考。说明你应该承认消极的想法，故答案为B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.read读书；B.find发现；C.tell告诉；D.learn学习。句意：改变你告诉自己的心理故事。根据空前Change the mental story可知改变你告诉自己的心理故事。故答案为C。
（13）考查连词及语境理解。A.when何时；B.but但是；C.so因此；D.or或者。句意：记住，有关心你的人，但他们可能只是此刻很忙。根据句意可知前后句是转折关系。故答案为B。
（14）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.by yourself靠自己；B.to yourself对你自己；C.on yourself在自己身上；D.of yourself你自己。句意：试着享受你独自拥有的时光。根据下句Do things you enjoy doing alone，like reading or listening to music可知做你喜欢一个人做的事情，比如阅读或听音乐。说明试着享受你独自拥有的时光。故答案为A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.register注册；B.join参加；C.serve服务；D.admit允许。句意：如果你是单身，一个人住，你可以加入健身房或志愿团体，和其他人在一起。根据空后a gym or a volunteering group to be around other people.可知你可以加入健身房或志愿团体，和其他人在一起。故答案为B。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
二．阅读理解（共3小题）
2．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末） Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house in the upscale Koramangala district of Bangalore，India.
"They were just walking around that building site with their feet bare，hard，dirty and bleeding，as though it was an everyday practice for them，" reflects Sia，now 17.And it was in that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege.
She went back home，looked at her tender feet and opened her wardrobe doors，seeing shoes—many of which hadn't been worn for months or years—piled up high.She headed to her mother's wardrobe next，literally dusting off cobwebs from some shoes.Then she rushed to give them all away to the same children she saw at the building site.
Later that year，with the help of her parents and community volunteers，Sia founded Sole Warriors，a charity dedicated to providing footwear to those in need， epitomised by its motto： "Donate a sole，save a soul."
The idea，which started as a dinner conversation with her parents，quickly grew.After she spread the word with posters and social media，enquiries from people who wanted to help came flooding in.Now in its fifth year，the organisation runs distribution drives in which Sole Warriors collects used footwear，refurbishes （翻新） it and donates the finished products to people in need.
That need，says Sia，is endless.In a world where the poorest half of the population owns just two per cent of the wealth，an estimated 300 million people can't afford footwear.Of the nearly 24 billion shoes made every year，shockingly more than 90 per cent end up in landfills.
In its first distribution drive，Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes.Today that number stands at around 28，000 across four countries，including the United States，China and Liberia，thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers.
But the organisation's growth wasn't without its challenges.When it came to looking for collaborators，such as a company that would do the refurbishments free of charge，Sia faced one obstacle after another before finding a partner in India's Pressto Cobbler.
In recognition of her impact，in 2021 Sia was given the Diana Award，one of the most prestigious （声誉高的） honours a young person can receive for social action or humanitarian work.But her work isn't done. "Our goal has always been to touch a million feet，" she says.
（1）　C　 inspired Sia to donate shoes to the children at the building site.
A.Her privilege to live in an upscale community
B.Her parents' and community volunteers' help
C.The sight of children without wearing shoes
D.The piles of shoes in her parent'wardrobes
（2）The underlined word "epitomized" in para.4 can be replaced with 　A　 .
A.symbolized
B.nicknamed
C.sustained
D.founded
（3）What can be inferred about Sia's charitable cause？ 　D　
A.Sia was awarded Diana Award for her cause at 20.
B.Sia's project recycles 90% of used shoes in landfills.
C.Sia conquered many challenges posed by Pressto Cobbler.
D.Sia is ambitious to expand her project by donating more shoes.
（4）Which of the following is probably the best title of the text？ 　B　
A.Miseries at Indian Building Site
B.Walking in Someone else's Shoes
C.Favourite for the Diana Award
D.Mission Achieved by Perseverance
【答案】CADB
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了13岁的女孩Sia Godika看见建筑工人的孩子们没有鞋子穿后，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下成立了慈善组织Sole Warriors，致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段"They were just walking around that building site with their feet bare，hard，dirty and bleeding，as though it was an everyday practice for them，" reflects Sia，now 17.And it was in that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege. （现年17岁的希雅回忆说："他们光着脚在建筑工地走来走去，脚又硬又脏，还流着血，就好像这是他们每天都要做的事情。"就在那一刻，西娅意识到这与她自己的特权形成了令人不安的对比）和第三段Then she rushed to give them all away to the same children she saw at the building site. （然后她赶紧把它们都送给了她在建筑工地看到的孩子们）可知，看到孩子们没有穿鞋的情景，Sia决定将鞋子捐赠给建筑现场的孩子们。故选C项。
（2）词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文Later that year，with the help of her parents and community volunteers，Sia founded Sole Warriors，a charity dedicated to providing footwear to those in need （那年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，Sia成立了Sole Warriors慈善机构，致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子）和下文its motto： "Donate a sole，save a soul." （它的座右铭是："捐赠一只鞋底，拯救一个灵魂。"）可推知，这句座右铭应该是传达了该慈善机构致力于要做的事情，即体现或象征了这件事，划线词意思应该是"体现，象征"，可被symbolized替换。A.symbolized象征；B.nicknamed起绰号；C.sustained维持；D.founded建立。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段But her work isn't done. "Our goal has always been to touch a million feet，" she says. （但她的工作还没有完成。她说："我们的目标一直是达到100只脚。"）可推知，Sia雄心勃勃地希望通过捐赠更多的鞋子来扩大她的慈善事业。故选D项。
（4）标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段Later that year，with the help of her parents and community volunteers，Sia founded Sole Warriors，a charity dedicated to providing footwear to those in need （那年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，希雅成立了Sole Warriors慈善机构，致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子）可知，文章讲述了女孩Sia的善行，她在13岁时看见建筑工人的孩子们没有鞋子穿，之后在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下成立了慈善组织Sole Warriors，致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子。因此，B项Walking in Someone else's Shoe"设身处地为别人着想"最适合作为文章标题，本身概括了Sia的品质，其中的Shoes也是贯穿全文的线索。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Fact or Myth？
WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH ①　MYTH　 Sleepwalking typically occurs during the non﹣rapid eye movement stage of sleep.Several factors can lead to walking while sleeping，including alcohol use，stress and even brain injury.However，there is a genetic explanation for sleepwalking.Studies have shown that children with one or both sleepwalking parents are 40 to 60 per cent more likely to sleepwalk themselves.As for the consequences of waking a sleepwalker，there is no evidence that it will hurt or harm him，but will likely cause disorientation and confusion.
LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNOREMORE ②　FACT　 Snoring，namely breathing noisily，is caused by airflow being restricted through the body's airways during sleep.When you lie on your back，gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards，narrowing them.As air passes through the passage through the nose，it causes tissue to vibrate （振动）with every breath and can create a snoring sound.When you sleep on your side this tissue doesn't move downwards，opening up the airways and reducing the volume of snoring.
YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN ③　MYTH　 This common theory in question dates back to the early 1900s，when the philosopher and founder of American psychology William James suggested that we only use a small portion of our potential.In a 1907 paper titled The Energies of Men，James wrote： "We are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources." It's sustained by a book How to Win Friends and Influence People，where American writer Lowell Thomas wrote that "professor William James of Harvard used to say that the average person develops only ten per cent of his potential mental ability".
（1）Which section of a magazine does this passage probably belong to？ 　B　
A.Educational features.
B.Medical science.
C.Psychology forum.
D.Classified ads.
（2）Which of the following pictures best illustrates SNORING SCIENCE？ 　D　
A.
B.
C.
D.
（3）Which of the following best fits into the numbered blanks ①—②—③？ 　C　
A.MYTH—FACT—FACT
B.FACT—MYTH—FACT
C.MYTH—FACT—MYTH
D.FACT—MYTH—MYTH
【答案】BDC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍三个关于身体的传言并鉴定其真假。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。由文章第一个方框中WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH（叫醒梦游症对他们的健康有害）；第二方框中LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNOREMORE（仰卧会使你打鼾更多）和第三个方框中YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN（你只用了你大脑的10%）可知，这些都是关于身体方面的一些知识，所以可能出现在报纸"医学"版块。故选B项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNOREMORE中When you lie on your back，gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards，narrowing them.As air passes through the passage through the nose，it causes tissue to vibrate （振动）with every breath and can create a snoring sound. （当你仰卧时，重力会将气道周围的组织向下拉，使其变窄。当空气通过鼻子时，它会导致组织随着每次呼吸而振动，并产生打鼾的声音。）并结合选项可知，D选项图片最好的描述了打鼾的原理。故选D项。
（3）推理判断题。由第一方框As for the consequences of waking a sleepwalker，there is no evidence that it will hurt or harm him，but will likely cause disorientation and confusion.（至于叫醒梦游者的后果，没有证据表明这会伤害或伤害他，但可能会导致定向障碍和混乱。）可知，第一个传言WAKING A SLEEPWALKER IS BAD FOR THEIR HEALTH（叫醒梦游者对他们的健康有害）是不真实的事（MYTH）；由第二个方框When you lie on your back，gravity pulls tissues that surround your airways downwards，narrowing them.As air passes through the passage through the nose，it causes tissue to vibrate （振动）with every breath and can create a snoring sound. （当你仰卧时，重力会将气道周围的组织向下拉，使其变窄。当空气通过鼻子时，它会导致组织随着每次呼吸而振动，并产生打鼾的声音。）可知，第二个传言LYING ON YOUR BACK MAKES YOU SNOREMORE（仰卧会使你更容易打鼾）是事实（FACT）；第三个方框中However，the truth is that your brain is firing on all cylinders（气缸）and not limited to just ten percent of its power.（然而，事实是，你的大脑正在全速运转，而不仅仅局限于10%的能量。）可知，第三个传言YOU ONLY USE TEN PERCENT OF YOUR BRAIN（你只使用了大脑的十分之一）是不真实的事（MYTH）。故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024春 杨浦区期末） When would you say"old age"begins？It's possible that the closer you think you are to that threshold（起始点），the later you'll put it，but people's general perceptions of old age have been changing over time.New research finds that nowadays，we think of old age starting later than we used to ﹣﹣but that trend may not continue forever.
Scientists from Germany，the USA，and Luxembourg analyzed data from over14，000 individuals participating in a decades﹣long study called the German Ageing Survey.These participants，born between 1911 and 1974，covering several generations，provided up to eight responses over a 25﹣year span，when they were aged between 40 and 100.
One of the main questions，and the subject of the new paper，was"At what age would you describe someone as old？"
When they were asked this question at the age of 65，people born in 1911 said that old age begins，on average，at the age of 71.When the question was repeated to people born in 1956 once they also hit 65 years old，they instead put the threshold three years later，at 74.
In a statement，first author Markus Wettstein gave some suggestions as to why this might be："Life expectancy has increased，which might contribute to a later perceived onset （开始） of old age.Also，some aspects of health have improved over time，so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays."
The same trend was observed at the individual level too.On average，as each participant aged by four or five years themselves，their estimate for the onset of old age increased by a year.
Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average.There were some other factors that were found to impact someone's individual estimate too﹣﹣ for example，people in poorer health，who were lonelier，or who"felt"older generally believed old age begins earlier.
"It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging，or rather the opposite ﹣﹣ perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state，"Wettstein said.
What's evident is that this postponement trend won't last forever.In fact，it's already slowing down.
The study has some limitations，in that participants were all from one country.The researchers say future studies should seek to address this，as well as examining whether the trend towards postponing the perception of the onset of old age is continuing to decelerate.
（1）What is the main finding of the new research mentioned in the article？ 　D　
A.People's perceptions of old age have remained constant over time.
B.Improvements in certain health aspects help increase life expectancy.
C.The threshold for considering someone as"old"has been shifting earlier.
D.Nowadays people tend to think of old age as starting later than in the past.
（2）Which of the following is TRUE about the research？ 　B　
A.The 14，000 participants were from Germany，the US，and Luxembourg.
B.The participants provided at most eight responses during the 25﹣year period.
C.Future studies will explore factors affecting the estimated onset of old age.
D.Some participants cover several generations but are from the same family.
（3）Which of the following is NOT included in the postponement trend？ 　C　
A.Women set the starting point of old age around two years later than men.
B.One's closeness to this threshold could delay their perception of old age.
C.People's perception of a later onset of old age justifies delaying retirement.
D.Individuals once labeled as old at a certain age may not be considered so now.
（4）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　C　
A.Poorer people generally see old age starting earlier than the wealthier.
B.Postponing the onset of old age reflects a growing respect for the elderly.
C.People may delay the onset of old age because of their negative views of it.
D.Whether the postponement trend is slowing down needs further observation.
【答案】DBCC
【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要探讨了人们对"老年"开始年龄的看法如何随着时间而变化。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的New research finds that nowadays，we think of old age starting later than we used to ﹣﹣but that trend may not continue forever（新的研究发现，如今，我们认为老年开始的时间比过去晚，但这种趋势可能不会永远持续下去），可知这项新研究的主要发现是：现在人们往往认为老年比过去开始得晚，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段的These participants，born between 1911 and 1974，covering several generations，provided up to eight responses over a 25﹣year span，when they were aged between 40 and 100（这些参与者出生于1911年至1974年，涵盖了几代人，在25年的时间里，当他们的年龄在40岁至100岁之间时，他们提供了多达8份回复），可知在25年期间，参与者最多提供了8份回复，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第七段的Women put the threshold for old age about two years later than men on average（女性的老年门槛平均比男性晚两年左右）可知，女性比男性晚两年左右开始衰老，所以A项包括在内；根据第六段的The same trend was observed at the individual level too.On average，as each participant aged by four or five years themselves，their estimate for the onset of old age increased by a year（平均而言，随着每个参与者自己年龄的增长，他们对衰老的估计增加了一年），可知一个人接近这个阈值可能会推迟他们对老年的感知，所以B项包括在内；第五段的Also，some aspects of health have improved over time，so that people of a certain age who were regarded as old in the past may no longer be considered old nowadays（此外，随着时间的推移，健康的某些方面也有所改善，因此过去被视为老年人的某个年龄段的人现在可能不再被视为老人），可知曾经在某个年龄被标记为老年人的个人现在可能不会被认为是老年人，所以D项包括在内；所以在延期趋势中不包括C项：人们对晚年的看法证明推迟退休是合理的，故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段 "It is unclear to what extent the trend towards postponing old age reflects a trend towards more views on older people and aging，or rather the opposite ﹣﹣ perhaps the onset of old age is postponed because people consider being old to be an undesirable state，"Wettstein said（Wettstein说："目前尚不清楚推迟衰老的趋势在多大程度上反映了人们对老年人和衰老有更多看法的趋势，或者恰恰相反——也许人们认为衰老是一种不受欢迎的状态，所以推迟了衰老的开始"），可知人们可能会因为对衰老的负面看法而推迟衰老的开始，故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
5．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）
A.On a professional level，there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything. B.It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition. C.This conditioned was the very one that made him unable to speak. D.Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis. E.Do not underestimate the value of talking to people—doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context. F.To sum up，if your doctor refuses to talk to you，the Internet will help you find a better solution.
Google is my doctor
When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice，his doctors were confused. （1）　B　 It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia.With the help of Google alerts and advice from his doctors，Scott got in touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem.He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self﹣diagnosis.
A dams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice.The advantages of this are numerous，starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. （2）　A　 The Internet provides a vast number of specialized experts，and Googling can help you tap in to that.
Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society's medical costs.You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures，ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor's precious time.
However，it must be said that diagnosis is tricky，and comparing your rash （疹子） with an online photograph may lead you down the wrong path. （3）　D　 Doctors also take into account your medical history，state of mind，etc.No computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment.
In conclusion，the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems，but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. （4）　E　
【答案】BADE
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了在线诊断病情的利弊。
【解答】（1）语境衔接题。上文When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice，his doctors were confused.（当插画家斯科特 亚当斯失声时，他的医生很困惑。）说明医生们不清楚斯科特失声的原因，B项It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition.（直到他求助于互联网后，他才设法弄清自己的病情。）衔接下文It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia.（原来斯科特患的是痉挛性失语症），说明斯科特通过网上查询，弄清楚了自己的病情。故选B项。
（2）联系下文题。下文The Internet provide a vast number of specialized experts，and Googling can help you tap in to that.（互联网提供大量的专业专家，谷歌可以帮助你找到他们。）说明在线咨询病情的优势，因为互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，A项On a professional level，there is no way one doctor car be an expert in everything.（在专业层面上，一个医生不可能成为所有方面的专家。）说明一个医生并不能知晓所有疾病，引出下文的转折——但互联网可以提供大量的专业专家，衔接恰当。故选A项。
（3）语境衔接题。上文However，it must be said that diagnosis is tricky，and comparing your rash with an online photo may lead you down the wrong path.（然而，必须指出的是，诊断是很棘手的，将你的皮疹与网上的照片进行比较可能会让你走上错误的道路。）说明只依靠图片在线诊断也可能有误，D项Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis.（外观只提供诊断所需信息的百分之十。）衔接上文，说明只依靠图片诊断有误的原因，引出下文Doctors also take into account your medical history，state of mind，etc.（医生还会考虑你的病史、精神状态等。）说明完整的诊断还需要考虑其他因素，衔接恰当。故选D项。
（4）联系上文题。上文In conclusion，the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems，but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there.（总之，互联网是诊断你的健康问题的一个很好的起点，但你应该在采取任何行动之前咨询你的医生。）说明在线诊断有好处，但还需和自己的医生沟通交流，E项Do not underestimate the value of talking to real people — doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context.（不要低估与真实的人交谈的价值——医生和电话热线会帮助你把你读到的东西结合到你自己的实际情况中。）衔接上文，说明和医生交流病情的价值，符合语境。故选E项。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
四．选词填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 宝山区期末）
A.apply B.broadly C.complicated D downside E.hardly F.neighbors G.overburdened H.pills I.re﹣labeling J.turning K.worse
Britain appears to be in a mental﹣health crisis.In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants （抗抑郁药）；now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the（1）　H　 .Around 4.5 m Britons were in contact with mental﹣health services in 2021﹣22，a rise of almost 1 m in five years.
There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their （2）　F　 .One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world，with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning：all risk factors for poor mental health.Britain's poorest households are also （3）　K　 off than their equivalents in France and Germany，for example，which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression.And Britain's health system can seem more （4）　G　 than those in most other rich countries.In England alone，some 1.8 m are waiting for mental﹣health treatment.
Those factors might explain why more people are （5）　J　 to medication.Another reason is increased awareness.Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain.That is （6）　E　 a good thing.A reduction in humiliation （蒙羞） has encouraged more people to seek help.Taking antidepressants – or using mental﹣health services–has become much more acceptable.
But there is a （7）　D　 to this，as The Economist recently reported.Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly（8）　I　 common human emotions，such as stress and grief，as mental illnesses."You're going to lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to（9）　A　 it to 30%，50% of the population，"says Adrian Massey，author of a book called"Sick﹣Note Britain".
For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns，severe mental illnesses still receive too little attention.This is a problem：according to the GBD，Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe.The causes of such conditions are unclear，but seem to involve a（10）　C　 interplay of genetic and environmental factors.Illegal drug misuse，for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region，also plays a role.
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）HFKGJ（6）﹣（10）EDIAC
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国人正处于心理健康危机之中，分析了导致这一现象背后的原因。
【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，没有哪个欧洲国家的抗抑郁药使用增长如此之快；现在只有葡萄牙人和冰岛人服用更多的药物。根据"In the past decade no European country has seen a greater increase in the use of antidepressants；now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the"以及句意"药物"可知应填复数名词pills，作宾语。故选H。
（2）考查名词。句意：英国人可能比他们的邻居更不快乐，原因有以下几点。根据"One global poll found that teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world，with few supportive relationships and a low sense of purpose and meaning：all risk factors for poor mental health.（一项全球民意调查发现，英国青少年是世界上最孤独的人群之一，他们几乎没有支持性的人际关系，目标感和意义感也很低：这些都是导致心理健康状况不佳的风险因素）"以及句意"邻居"可知应填复数名词neighbors，故选F。
（3）考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，英国最贫穷的家庭也比法国和德国的同等家庭更贫穷，这使得他们更容易受到焦虑和抑郁等状况的影响。根据"off than their equivalents in France and Germany，for example，which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such as anxiety and depression"以及句意"更加贫穷"可知短语为worse off，故选K。
（4）考查形容词。句意：而且英国的医疗系统似乎比大多数其他富裕国家的医疗系统负担过重。根据"In England alone，some 3.8 m are waiting for mental﹣health treatment.（仅在英格兰，就有380万人在等待心理健康治疗）"以及句意"负担过重"可知应填形容词overburdened，作表语。故选G。
（5）考查动词。句意：这些因素或许可以解释为什么越来越多的人开始求助于药物治疗。根据"to medication"以及句意"求助于"可知短语为turn to，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选J。
（6）考查副词。句意：这很难说是一件好事。根据"A reduction in humiliation has encouraged more people to seek help.Taking antidepressants — or using mental﹣health services — has become much more acceptable.（羞辱的减少鼓励了更多的人寻求帮助。服用抗抑郁药——或者使用心理健康服务——已经变得更容易被接受了）"以及句意"很难"可知应填副词hardly，故选E。
（7）考查名词。句意：但正如《经济学人》最近报道的那样，这种做法也有不利之处。根据"Surveys suggest that Britons are increasingly re﹣labeling common human emotions，such as stress and grief，as mental illnesses.（调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病）"以及句意"不利之处"可知应填名词downside，作主语，不定冠词提示用单数。故选D。
（8）考查动词。句意：调查显示，英国人越来越多地将压力和悲伤等人类常见情绪重新定义为精神疾病。根据"common human emotions，such as stress and grief，as mental illnesses"以及句意"重新定义为"可知应填动词re﹣label，根据上文are可知为现在进行时。故选I。
（9）考查动词。句意："如果你开始把它应用到30%到50%的人身上，你就会对什么是精神疾病失去任何概念，"阿德里安 梅西说，他是一本名为《病态笔记英国》的书的作者。根据"it to 30%，50% of the population"以及句意"应用"可知应填apply，此处为不定式作宾语。故选A。
（10）考查形容词。句意：造成这种情况的原因尚不清楚，但似乎涉及遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。根据"interplay of genetic and environmental factors"以及句意"复杂"可知应填形容词complicated，作定语修饰名词interplay。故选C。
【点评】做选词填空时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时首先通读全文，结合原文找出相关信息进行仔细分析，结合所给选项词选出正确答案。做题时要在全文的背景下，关注上下文基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
五．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
Gender Equality
In many cultures，women have historically been discriminated against and treated as second﹣class citizens.Even today，many girls and women encounter significant challenges.Fortunately，there are organizations （1）　striving　 （strive） to advance equitable treatment of girls and women.
The question remains （2）　whether　 girls in various locations truly have equal educational opportunities compared to boys.In countries with overwhelming poverty and strict gender roles，girls face a higher likelihood of （3）　being pulled　 （pull） out of school.Shockingly，millions of girls worldwide are forced into marriage before reaching 18，which prematurely ends their childhood and hinders their educational journey.
Even in countries （4）　where　 educational opportunities are available for girls，their aspirations（志向） can be limited by psychological barriers.Girls who （5）　haven't witnessed　 （ not witness） women succeed in particular fields often doubt their own ability （6）　to enter　 （enter） those fields.Nonetheless，as more women achieve success，their influence could potentially pave the way for future generations.
The importance of gender equality extends beyond just women；it benefits society as a whole.Research indicates that every dollar （7）　invested　 （invest） in women's and children's health can yield a significant long﹣term return of ＄20.Educated women contribute significantly to their communities （8）　through　 their work and by transmitting their knowledge and appreciation of education to their children.
Thus，it is essential to promote gender equality （9）　so that　 we can build a brighter future where everyone has equal opportunities and society as a whole can reap the benefits of a （10）　more educated　 （educated） population.
【答案】（1）striving（2）whether（3）being pulled（4）where（5）haven't witnessed（6）to enter（7）invested（8）through（9）so that（10）more educated
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了即使在今天性别不平等依然存在。
【解答】（1）考查现在分词。句意：幸运的是，有些组织正在努力促进对女孩和妇女的公平待遇。strive和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语，故填striving。
（2）考查同位语从句。句意：与男孩相比，不同地区的女孩是否真的有平等的教育机会，这个问题仍然存在。此处引导同位语从句，解释question的内容，根据句意可知表示"是否"，所以用whether引导，故填whether。
（3）考查动名词。句意：在极度贫困和性别角色严格的国家，女孩面临退学的可能性更高。作介词的宾语，所以用动名词，根据句意可知表示"被拉出"，所以用动名词的被动形式，故填being pulled。
（4）考查定语从句。句意：即使在女孩有受教育机会的国家，她们的愿望也可能受到心理障碍的限制。先行词为countries，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导，故填where。
（5）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：没有目睹女性在特定领域取得成功的女孩常常怀疑自己进入这些领域的能力。根据句意可知表示到现在为止锁发生的事情，所以用现在完成时态，主语为who指代的先行词girls，所以助动词为have，故填haven't witnessed。
（6）考查动词不定式。句意：没有目睹女性在特定领域取得成功的女孩常常怀疑自己进入这些领域的能力。ability后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填to enter。
（7）考查过去分词。句意：研究表明，投资于妇女和儿童健康的每一美元都能产生20美元的可观长期回报。invest和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填invested。
（8）考查介词。句意：受过教育的妇女通过她们的工作和把她们的知识和对教育的欣赏传递给她们的子女，对她们的社区作出了重大贡献。根据句意可知此处表示"通过"，所以用介词through后跟名词，故填through。
（9）考查目的状语从句。句意：因此，促进性别平等至关重要，这样我们才能建设一个更加光明的未来，每个人都有平等的机会，整个社会都能从受教育程度更高的人口中获益。根据句意可知此处表示"以便"，所以用so that引导目的状语从句，故填so that。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，促进性别平等至关重要，这样我们才能建设一个更加光明的未来，每个人都有平等的机会，整个社会都能从受教育程度更高的人口中获益。根据前面的brighter，可知此处用形容词比较级作定语，故填more educated。
【点评】做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的词汇和语法知识。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握语言点及一些语法知识。
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 杨浦区期末）看到极端气候时，人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。（associate） 　When witnessing extreme weather，people tend to associate it with global warming.　
【答案】When witnessing extreme weather，people tend to associate it with global warming.
【分析】看到极端气候时，人们往往会将它和全球变暖联系起来。
【解答】因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；people与witness之间是主动关系，用"when+现在分词"结构作状语；extreme weather极端气候；tend to do sth."倾向做某事"，是固定短语；associate…with…"把……与……联系起来"，是动词短语；global warming全球变暖。
故填：When witnessing extreme weather，people tend to associate it with global warming.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意进行翻译，使句意更通顺。
9．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）对一些学生而言，可以自由支配自己的业余时间远比拥有足够的零花钱更有意义，难道不是吗？（than） 　For some students，freedom/being free to spend/arrange their spare/leisure/free time is far more meaningful than having enough pocket money，isn't it？　
【答案】For some students，freedom/being free to spend/arrange their spare/leisure/free time is far more meaningful than having enough pocket money，isn't it？
【分析】对一些学生而言，可以自由支配自己的业余时间远比拥有足够的零花钱更有意义，难道不是吗？
【解答】For some students意为"对一些学生而言"，being free to do sth.意为"可以自由地做某事"，spare/leisure/free time意为"业余时间"，比较级用"more...than"，enough pocket money意为"足够的零花钱"，分析句子可知，主语为freedom/being free to spend/arrange their spare/leisure/free time，系动词为is，是肯定语气，故反意疑问句应使用"isn't it？"。
故翻译为：For some students，freedom/being free to spend/arrange their spare/leisure/free time is far more meaningful than having enough pocket money，isn't it？
【点评】该考点主要涉及英语中一些常用的固定词组、短语、习语和句型。主要考查考生对固定搭配/句型的掌握程度和应用能力。
10．（2023春 徐汇区校级期末）公司耗尽资源研发了有竞争力的产品，最终却因为缺乏资金陷入了绝境。（end） 　The company exhausted its resources to develop a competitive product，only to end up in a desperate situation due to lack of funds.　
【答案】The company exhausted its resources to develop a competitive product，only to end up in a desperate situation due to lack of funds.
【分析】公司耗尽资源研发了有竞争力的产品，最终却因为缺乏资金陷入了绝境。
【解答】公司耗尽资源The company exhausted its resources为主句，句首单词的首字母要大写，时态为一般过去时；研发了有竞争力的产品to develop a competitive product为不定式作目的状语；"only+动词不定式"表示意料之外的结果状语，意为"却"，end up in...在……结束，最终到了……，为动词短语，最终却陷入了绝境only to end up in a desperate situation，因为缺乏资金due to lack of funds。
故填：The company exhausted its resources to develop a competitive product，only to end up in a desperate situation due to lack of funds.
【点评】本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
11．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末） 根据目前的证据，海洋生物学家预测，失去这个看护人可能会导致小型食肉动物的数量大幅增加。（bring） 　Based on the current evidence，marine biologists predict that the loss of this caretaker may bring about a substantial increase in the number of small carnivores.　
【答案】Based on the current evidence，marine biologists predict that the loss of this caretaker may bring about a substantial increase in the number of small carnivores.
【分析】 根据目前的证据，海洋生物学家预测，失去这个看护人可能会导致小型食肉动物的数量大幅增加。
【解答】bring about：造成，导致。be based on：以……为基础，在本句中，based on做状语，主语是逗号后面的句子，substantial：巨大的，结合句意，使用一般现在时。
故填：Based on the current evidence，marine biologists predict that the loss of this caretaker may bring about a substantial increase in the number of small carnivores.
【点评】进行翻译时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异以及一些特殊表达，准确理解句意进行翻译。
七．书面表达（共2小题）
12．（2024春 杨浦区期末）Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
Why Gen Z Is Leaving Cities for the Countryside
In recent years，there has been a noticeable trend of Gen Z individuals relocating from citie

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