资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末） "It's almost a moral duty that museums should be free，" said Glenn Lowry，director of the Museum of Modern Art （MOMA） in 2002，when a ticket to MOMA cost ＄12.In October MOMA started charging＄30，the latest in a series of price （1）　 　 involving the Metropolitan Museum，the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on.
Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe，too.Prices have remained （2）　 　 only in Asia and the Middle East，where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous.
Ticket fees may seem high，particularly in destination cities where tourists are （3）　 　 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars.But whatever museums （4）　 　 ，it is not covering their operating costs.The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total （5）　 　 at American art museums.Memberships contributed another 7%.The （6）　 　 of budgets usually come from charitable donations，grants and retail operations.
European museums are less （7）　 　 admissions fees，because they are often heavily subsidized （补助） by governments.All national institutions in Britain offer free admission，as do most state﹣run museums in China while in America some 30% are free.Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry's call for museum to stop charging for （8）　 　 entirely.
（9）　 　 price s go against museums' goal of sharing art with a more diverse public.They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries.
Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support.Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who （10）　 　 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years.Those who spend time inside museums' galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to （11）　 　 their own riches in them.
Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to （12）　 　 new audiences either.If tickets were free， "people who typically come anyway might come more often. （13）　 　 that，you're not really changing your demographic （观众结构），says an economist who studies pricing in the arts.He （14）　 　 museums to the best American university：Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all，but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries（受益者）.As museums throughout the West debate what price is right，most are unlikely to conclude the answer is （15）　 　 ."moral duty" or not.
（1） A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars
（2） A．ascending B．flexible C．awe﹣inspiring D．stable
（3） A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound
（4） A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit
（5） A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue
（6） A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture
（7） A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of
（8） A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission
（9） A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive
（10） A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of
（11） A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble
（12） A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle
（13） A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of
（14） A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares
（15） A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above
二．阅读理解（共3小题）
2．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Cook's last tour
Until recently Captain James Cook was not a particularly controversial figure.But in January a statue of the 18th﹣century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words "The colony will fall" painted on the base.In Hawaii a monument in Cook's memory has been covered with red paint and the message "You are on native land." Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti﹣colonialist anger.
Yet Cook was neither a slave trader nor much of an imperialist.He was，first and foremost，a brilliant navigator and mapmaker.Acting under government orders，he undertook three pioneering voyages in the Pacific between 1768 and 1779.His map﹣making transformed Europeans knowledge of the world's largest ocean.
An excellent new book draws on Cook's letters and notebooks to tell the story of his third and final trip.Cook was almost 50 when he set off on HMS Resolution in July 1776.Cook had secret instructions from the government not only to claim new territory for Britain，but to search for a north west passage via the Bering Strait，a task even someone with his navigational experience found impossible.
The author，Hampton Sides，focuses on Cook's return to Australia and New Zealand —countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier —his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii.It was there，in February 1779，that he was killed after a failed attempt to kidnap a local chief in response to the theft of a longboat.
Cook was a man of his era.He believed Europe would have a civilising influence on many benighted （愚昧无知的） folk in the Pacific.He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him.
At the same time，Cook admired many of the people and places he encountered in the South Pacific.Unlike the Spanish，he had no interest in religious conversion.He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease.For the most part，his land claims were aimed not at promoting a British empire but preventing grabs by its rivals，France and Spain.
As the author makes clear，there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook's seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples' first contact with Europeans.Today many Western countries are divided over how to think about such vexed legacies （棘手的后遗症）.In 2020 half of Britons thought it was right that Colston's statue was removed.Cook's statue still stands in London，as does Rhodes's in Oxford.The question is whether they will enjoy their high positions much longer.
（1）How do the public regard Cook currently？ 　 　
A.He is nobler than Colston and Rhodes.
B.He is not a controversial historic figure.
C.They blame the fall of the colony on him.
D.Some people regard Cook as a colonialist.
（2）During Cook's first voyage in the Pacific Ocean，he 　 　 .
A.landed the Society Islands and New Zealand
B.commanded a warship called HMS Resolution
C.searched for a route by way of the Bering Strait
D.was revenged on a local chief for stealing a boat
（3）Cook's behaviour can be described as 　 　 .
A.patriotic and religious
B.well﹣intentioned and iron﹣handed
C.charitable and moral
D.rebellious and awe﹣inspiring
（4）Which of the following does Hampton Sides，the author of a book on Cook agree with？ 　 　
A.It is justifiable to remove Colston's，Cook's and Rhodes's statue.
B.Cook mainly aimed to expand domains by grabbing land from Spain.
C.We should view Cook's adventure and British colonialism objectively.
D.The vexed legacies result from division in whether to remove the statues.
3．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）
Hopping Around the World
Hopscotch is a very old game.It usually uses a puck，such as a stone，and a pattern that players hop through.Here are different versions to play.
Scotch﹣Hoppers Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin.Throw the stone into Box 1.Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern.On the way back，hop into Box 1，pick up the stone，and hop out.Then，toss the puck into Box 2，and so on，If your stone enters the wrong box，start over!The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for""snail"" For this game，the pattern looks like a snail，No puck is used，Players hop through the pattern on one foot.You may rest in the center on both feet.After resting，hop back through the pattern and out.If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line，write your name in a space.No other player may land in that space.At the end，the player who owns the most spaces wins.
La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia，a country in South America.The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange.Instead of writing a number in each square，players write each day of the week.Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box.Next，kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern，Then，hop out.On your next turn，throw the puck into the next space，and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch，the puck is a piece of roof tile，At the top is the pig's head.Toss the puck into the pig's head and hop through the pattern.When you reach boxes 7 and 8，spin around and pick up the puck from behind.If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake，pick a box and write your name in it.No one else can land in that box!The player who owns the most boxes wins.
（1）What are the two common things used in hopscotch？ 　 　
A.Coin and pin.
B.Box and chair.
C.Snail and space.
D.Puck and pattern.
（2）Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches？ 　 　
A.It needs more space.
B.It doesn't need a puck.
C.It is a snail from France.
D.It isn't a pattern but a line.
（3）What is the passage mainly talking about？ 　 　
A.The successful winners in the hopscotch.
B.The history and development of hopscotch.
C.The rules of different versions of hopscotch.
D.The popularity of hopscotch all over the world.
4．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末） Here is one of the world's largest indoor ski﹣slopes.It covers an area of 22，500 m2，about the same size as three football fields，and the temperature is a constant ﹣1°C to ﹣2°C.However，the strangest thing about this place is that it's in the middle of the desert!It's called Ski Dubai and the outside temperatures can rise to more than 40℃!
It sounds crazy，but it just shows how serious people are about having fun.We spend huge sums on sports facilities.We pay our sports stars ridiculous amounts of money.And we spend hour after hour playing games!I wonder if all the sports﹣lovers and game﹣players in the world aren't a little crazy.I know I am.I was once driving past a football field where some kids were playing.I turned to watch and crashed my car.I know it's stupid but I can do nothing about it.As someone said，"Football isn't a matter of life and death.It's much more important than that!"
Of course，it isn't that important really.No game is.But the problem is that games are addictive（使人上瘾的）.From the tennis court to the golf course，you'll find participants and spectators who can't live without the drug of their choice.It could be a good thing.After all，despite being addictive，it's true that sports and games help us to relax.Maybe if it wasn't for sport，our societies would be more violent.Perhaps sport is a substitute for war？It's hard to think of a quieter，more peaceful game than chess，and what's the objective？Capturing your opponent's king.And surely，it's better to have wars in athletics stadiums rather than on battlefields.
What's more，playing is natural.Kittens chase balls of wool and puppies pretend to fight.Games help us perfect our skills and prepare us for the serious contest of survival.
But do all games help us relax and stay away from violence？What about computer games？A recent article in New Scientist suggests that playing violent video games（and most of them are extremely violent）makes people more aggressive and more likely to commit violent crimes.
Are these games a rehearsal for life or a substitute for life？Do we play instead of facing up to our real problems？I don't know.But what I do know is that I need a break.Something to help me relax.Skiing would be nice.I wonder how much it costs to get to Dubai？
（1）According to the author，the most surprising thing about Ski Dubai is its 　 　 .
A.slopes
B.size
C.location
D.facilities
（2）The expression"the drug of their choice"in the 3rd paragraph refers to 　 　 .
A.the game they are keen on
B.the medicine they take
C.the activity good for health
D.the sport in place of war
（3）Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with？ 　 　
A.Sports stars should be paid more to play well.
B.Sports are more important than life and death.
C.Chess is too peaceful to be considered a sport.
D.Games can make one relaxed as well as violent.
（4）What does the author mainly talk about in the passage？ 　 　
A.The relationship between games and crimes.
B.Human natural craze for having fun with games.
C.Serious concerns about time that is spent on games.
D.Real problems facing game players in everyday life.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
5．（2024春 闵行区期末）Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.For example，they usually point at a box and say "open". B.You should be mindful of the potential impact of gestures. C.Make fake gestures on certain occasions if necessary. D.Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gestures. E.This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. F.Gesturing while learning will also help them solve the same problem in a new way.
Tuning in to Gestures
Gesture gets its power in part from the fact that it is seldom noticed by the speaker or listener yet is easily understood and included in our conversations.The challenge is to use it to good effect. （1）　 　
Gesture more when you speak.It will help you learn and understand，and also think in a more abstract way.If you gesture while talking，you will remember more of what you have said.Do it while you are multitasking and it will lighten your mental load.What's more，when you gesture，the people around you tend to do so too. （2）　 　
Encourage gestures in your children，students and anyone else you are trying to teach.This will help them understand the material you are conveying. （3）　 　 That is important because being able to generalise what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge.
Pay attention to other people's gestures.These offer a window into the thoughts that speakers have but don't express in their words.These thoughts are often at the cutting﹣edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds.Noticing and responding to such gestures will improve your interactions at home and at work.
Observe the gesturing of infants （婴儿）.While learning to talk，children typically convey sentence﹣like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone. （4）　 　 If a child fails to produce these gesture﹣word combinations，it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed，allowing you to intervene and help.
四．选词填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
A．day﹣trippers B．enthusiasts C．exploring D．first﹣tier E.guided F.inclusive G.interacting H.potential I.rhyme J.tailored K.trending
Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
Citywalk can be a（n） （1）　 　 trip tailor﹣made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency，or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas，sticking to the key point：avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more （2）　 　 experience of the places you visit.That is to say，you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities.
Hashtags （话题标签） and keywords for Citywalk are currently （3）　 　 across multiple Chinese social media platforms，as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online.
In China，the Citywalk trend is spreading from （4）　 　 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third﹣tier cities，encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved.Some organizers invite folk culture （5）　 　 to act as tour guides.Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur （创业者） based in Changsha （6）　 　 new possibilities in the tourism sector.Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account，with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in "open﹣air museums"，an approach for young people to （7）　 　 with a city.Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day.
Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours.Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help （8）　 　 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon，industry insiders say that its （9）　 　 is huge.Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online，sharing their experiences to attract potential customers.
Citywalk is offer ng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs.At the same time，Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more （10）　 　 ，professional service to meet with ever﹣changing market demands.
五．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）
Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese？
It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th，1473.This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo's already genius status，but is this really the truth？Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born，the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes，（1）　 　 （describe） rivers and rocks，mountains and trees，for centuries.Leonardo's 1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian，（2）　 　 （paint） in 1120，over 350 years before da Vinci's famous sketch.
The western world tends to center （3）　 　 in terms of inventions，the practice that continues on even to the 215 t century.Just （4）　 　 （look ） back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East，whether its history or art，and I be t that you will have to think long and hard（5）　 　 you remember anything.This，of course，is nothing new of scandal（丑闻），as all cultures tend to think （6）　 　 their own as the most important one，but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries，the Western﹣centrism becomes a bit of a problem，（7）　 　 brings us to Chinese landscape painting.The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades（十字军东征） and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece.China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh，who （8）　 　 （inspire） interestingly，heavily by the Chinese art.It is still a mystery （9）　 　 da Vinci's sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece，which draws the curious minds（10）　 　 （wonder）if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself，maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road.
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 宝山区期末）校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way） 　 　
9．（2024春 宝山区期末）为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful） 　 　
10．（2023春 杨浦区校级期末）观众们倒抽一口凉气，这位种子选手赢下了前两局，两个小时之后却只有五成的获胜希望。（chance） 　 　
11．（2023春 徐汇区校级期末） 在我们眼里腼腆的小王绘声绘色地讲述了一个激动人心的故事，令我们对他刮目相看。 （account） 　 　
七．书面表达（共2小题）
12．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Directions：Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible.
We Need to Take Meditation More Seriously as Medicine
A new review study，published in the Journal of the American Medical Association（JAMA） Internal Medicine，suggests that the ancient Eastern practice of mindful meditation can offer real help for patients with depression，anxiety，and pain.
Dr.Madhav Goyal is the lead author of the recent JAMA study.He reviewed 47 clinical trials involving more than 3500 participants with mild anxiety or depression，and found that those who practiced mindful meditation saw a 5﹣10% improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 10﹣20% reduction in depressive symptoms.
What's most striking about the JAMA findings is that people weren't meditating for very long.Many in the reviewed studies meditated for as little as 2.5 hours per week for two months.As Dr.Goyal points out，because meditation is a skill that's learned over time，it's unlikely that the respondents reached a high level in a short time.So according to him，it's reasonable to think that people would experience even greater benefits with more rigorous training and practice.
Unfortunately though，it's precisely those realities of meditation﹣that it is a state you can teach yourself to achieve and improve with discipline﹣that might weaken its validity（有效性）with physicians and patients.For example，professor Mark K.Blum，a Buddhist Studies expert at the University of California，Berkeley，believes some medical professionals may doubt the value of meditation because our culture has shifted so heavily in favor of quantitative measurement."Medical doctors are practicing a form of science，and therefore expect to see scientific measurement，"Blum explains."But how do you measure meditation？"
In Dr.Goyal's view，critics of meditation have a misunderstanding of what science is.It has nothing to do with molecules or drugs，he says.Rather，medical science is a"systematic exploration of what is not known"，whatever that may be﹣and areas like meditation desperately need more exploration，and the funding to do it.
_____
13．（2024春 闵行区期末）假设你是明启中学的高二学生李明，最近你校计划成立一个新社团，校学生会正在全校范围内征求意见。两个备选社团分别为"流浪动物关爱社团 （Homeless Animals Care Club）"和"民间艺术保护社团 （Folk Arts Protection Club）"。作为学校的一员，你决定写一封电子邮件，向学生会表达自己的想法。
你的邮件内容须包括：
（1）你的选择；
（2）你做出该选择的理由。
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末） "It's almost a moral duty that museums should be free，" said Glenn Lowry，director of the Museum of Modern Art （MOMA） in 2002，when a ticket to MOMA cost ＄12.In October MOMA started charging＄30，the latest in a series of price （1）　B　 involving the Metropolitan Museum，the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and so on.
Higher energy and labour costs have pushed up ticket prices in Europe，too.Prices have remained （2）　D　 only in Asia and the Middle East，where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous.
Ticket fees may seem high，particularly in destination cities where tourists are （3）　A　 to be discouraged by spending a few more dollars.But whatever museums （4）　C　 ，it is not covering their operating costs.The Association of Art Museum Directors reported in 2018 that ticket sales accounted on average for just 7% of total （5）　D　 at American art museums.Memberships contributed another 7%.The （6）　B　 of budgets usually come from charitable donations，grants and retail operations.
European museums are less （7）　A　 admissions fees，because they are often heavily subsidized （补助） by governments.All national institutions in Britain offer free admission，as do most state﹣run museums in China while in America some 30% are free.Some observers have repeated Mr Lowry's call for museum to stop charging for （8）　D　 entirely.
（9）　C　 price s go against museums' goal of sharing art with a more diverse public.They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries.
Declining public interest is a challenge for institutions that rely heavily on public support.Those who choose not to visit a museum today may be the people who （10）　A　 government subsidies or refuse to write personal cheques as sponsors in a few years.Those who spend time inside museums' galleries are more likely to grasp their richness and want to （11）　A　 their own riches in them.
Yet significantly reducing costs may not actually do much to （12）　C　 new audiences either.If tickets were free， "people who typically come anyway might come more often. （13）　B　 that，you're not really changing your demographic （观众结构），says an economist who studies pricing in the arts.He （14）　D　 museums to the best American university：Harvard could afford to make tuition free for all，but many wealthy students who do not need the gift would be among the biggest beneficiaries（受益者）.As museums throughout the West debate what price is right，most are unlikely to conclude the answer is （15）　A　 ."moral duty" or not.
（1） A．lists B．rises C．controls D．wars
（2） A．ascending B．flexible C．awe﹣inspiring D．stable
（3） A．unlikely B．supposed C．dissatisfied D．bound
（4） A．promote B．submit C．charge D．exhibit
（5） A．attendance B．donation C．operation D．revenue
（6） A．motivation B．remainder C．generosity D．mixture
（7） A．reliant on B．resistant to C．pessimistic about D．tolerant of
（8） A．survival B．budgets C．collections D．admission
（9） A．Floating B．Discounted C．Ballooning D．Competitive
（10） A．contribute to B．vote against C．count on D．despair of
（11） A．invest B．evaluate C．anchor D．assemble
（12） A．discourage B．relieve C．attract D．entitle
（13） A．With a view to B．Apart from C．Contrary to D．For fear of
（14） A．credits B．attaches C．refers D．compares
（15） A．zero B．both C．wrong D．above
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了博物馆是否应对公众免费开放的问题，以及门票价格对博物馆运营和观众多样性的影响。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.lists清单；B.rises上涨；C.controls控制；D.wars战争。句意：在10月，现代艺术博物馆（MoMA）开始收取30美元的门票，这是包括大都会博物馆、旧金山现代艺术博物馆等一系列价格上涨中的最新一次。根据上文"MOMA started charging ＄30"可知，这是价格的上涨，故选B项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.ascending上升的；B.flexible灵活的；C.awe﹣inspiring令人敬畏的；D.stable稳定的。句意：只有在亚洲和中东，价格一直保持稳定，那里的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨。根据下文"where museums are younger and state funding is especially generous"可知，这些地区的博物馆较新，国家资助尤其慷慨可推理出这些地区的博物馆的价格保持稳定，故选D项。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unlikely不太可能的；B.supposed假定的；C.dissatisfied不满意的；D.bound一定的。句意：门票费用可能看起来很高，尤其是在旅游目的地城市，游客不太可能因为多花几美元而却步。根据下文"by spending a few more dollars"可知，游客不太可能因为多花几美元就不去，故选A项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.promote促进；B.submit提交；C.charge收费；D.exhibit展览。句意：但无论博物馆收取多少费用，都无法覆盖其运营成本。根据下文"it is not covering their operating costs"可知，此处说的是博物馆的收费，故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.attendance出席；B.donation捐赠；C.operation操作；D.revenue收入。句意：2018年，艺术博物馆馆长协会报告称，门票销售平均仅占美国艺术博物馆总收入的7%。根据下文"ticket sales accounted on average for just 7%"可知，说的是门票在总收入中的占比，故选D项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.motivation动机；B.remainder剩余部分；C.generosity慷慨；D.mixture混合。句意：预算的剩余部分通常来自慈善捐赠、赠款和零售业务。根据下文"usually come from charitable donations，grants and retail operations"可知，此处说的是其余部分的来源，故选B项。
（7）考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.reliant on依赖；B.resistant to抵抗；C.pessimistic about对……悲观；D.tolerant of对……宽容。句意：欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票收入，因为它们通常得到政府的大量补贴。根据下文"because they are often heavily subsidized （补助） by governments"可知，欧洲博物馆不太依赖门票，故选A项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.survival生存；B.budgets预算；C.collections收藏；D.admission入场。句意：一些观察人士再次响应洛瑞先生的呼吁，要求博物馆完全停止收取入场费。根据上文"Mr Lowry's call for museum to stop charging"可知，是停止收取博物馆的入场费，故选D项。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Floating漂浮的；B.Discounted打折的；C.Ballooning膨胀的；D.Competitive有竞争力的。句意：不断上涨的价格违背了博物馆与更多不同公众分享艺术的目标。根据下文"prices go against museums' goal of sharing art with a more diverse public"以及"They could also speed up the already steep decline in the share of Americans attending museums and galleries"可知，此处说的是价格的上涨，故选C项。
（10）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.contribute to捐献；B.vote against投票反对；C.count on依靠；D.despair of绝望。句意：那些今天选择不去博物馆的人，可能就是几年后捐献政府补贴或拒绝以赞助人身份开具私人支票的人。根据下文"government subsidies"可知，此处说的是捐献政府补贴，故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.invest投资；B.evaluate评估；C.anchor使固定；D.assemble集合。句意：那些在博物馆画廊里花时间的人更有可能领会其丰富性，并希望在其中投资自己的财富。根据下文"their own riches"可知，是投资财富，故选A项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.discourage使气馁；B.relieve缓解；C.attract吸引；D.entitle使有资格。句意：然而，大幅降低成本实际上也可能无法吸引新的观众。根据下文"new audiences"可知，是吸引新观众，故选C项。
（13）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.With a view to着眼于；B.Apart from除……之外；C.Contrary to与……相反；D.For fear of唯恐。句意：除此之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，一位研究艺术定价的经济学家说。根据下文"you're not really changing your demographic （观众结构）"可知，此处说的是除了前面提到的情况之外，你并没有真正改变你的观众结构，故选B项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.credits归功于；B.attaches附加；C.refers参考；D.compares比较。句意：他将博物馆比作美国最好的大学：哈佛大学可以为所有人提供免费学费，但许多不需要这份礼物的富家子弟将是最大的受益者。根据下文"museums to the best American university"可知，是将两者进行比较，故选D项。
（15）考查形容词和数词和代词及语境理解。A.zero零；B.both两者都；C.wrong错误的；D.above上述的。句意：在西方各地的博物馆都在讨论合适的价格时，大多数博物馆不太可能得出答案是零的结论，不管是不是"道德责任"。根据上文"It's almost a moral duty that museums should be free"可知，此处说的是免费即价格为零的问题，故选A项。
【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
二．阅读理解（共3小题）
2．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Cook's last tour
Until recently Captain James Cook was not a particularly controversial figure.But in January a statue of the 18th﹣century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words "The colony will fall" painted on the base.In Hawaii a monument in Cook's memory has been covered with red paint and the message "You are on native land." Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti﹣colonialist anger.
Yet Cook was neither a slave trader nor much of an imperialist.He was，first and foremost，a brilliant navigator and mapmaker.Acting under government orders，he undertook three pioneering voyages in the Pacific between 1768 and 1779.His map﹣making transformed Europeans knowledge of the world's largest ocean.
An excellent new book draws on Cook's letters and notebooks to tell the story of his third and final trip.Cook was almost 50 when he set off on HMS Resolution in July 1776.Cook had secret instructions from the government not only to claim new territory for Britain，but to search for a north west passage via the Bering Strait，a task even someone with his navigational experience found impossible.
The author，Hampton Sides，focuses on Cook's return to Australia and New Zealand —countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier —his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii.It was there，in February 1779，that he was killed after a failed attempt to kidnap a local chief in response to the theft of a longboat.
Cook was a man of his era.He believed Europe would have a civilising influence on many benighted （愚昧无知的） folk in the Pacific.He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him.
At the same time，Cook admired many of the people and places he encountered in the South Pacific.Unlike the Spanish，he had no interest in religious conversion.He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease.For the most part，his land claims were aimed not at promoting a British empire but preventing grabs by its rivals，France and Spain.
As the author makes clear，there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook's seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples' first contact with Europeans.Today many Western countries are divided over how to think about such vexed legacies （棘手的后遗症）.In 2020 half of Britons thought it was right that Colston's statue was removed.Cook's statue still stands in London，as does Rhodes's in Oxford.The question is whether they will enjoy their high positions much longer.
（1）How do the public regard Cook currently？ 　D　
A.He is nobler than Colston and Rhodes.
B.He is not a controversial historic figure.
C.They blame the fall of the colony on him.
D.Some people regard Cook as a colonialist.
（2）During Cook's first voyage in the Pacific Ocean，he 　A　 .
A.landed the Society Islands and New Zealand
B.commanded a warship called HMS Resolution
C.searched for a route by way of the Bering Strait
D.was revenged on a local chief for stealing a boat
（3）Cook's behaviour can be described as 　B　 .
A.patriotic and religious
B.well﹣intentioned and iron﹣handed
C.charitable and moral
D.rebellious and awe﹣inspiring
（4）Which of the following does Hampton Sides，the author of a book on Cook agree with？ 　C　
A.It is justifiable to remove Colston's，Cook's and Rhodes's statue.
B.Cook mainly aimed to expand domains by grabbing land from Spain.
C.We should view Cook's adventure and British colonialism objectively.
D.The vexed legacies result from division in whether to remove the statues.
【答案】DABC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章概述了詹姆斯 库克船长的历史形象和现代争议。库克是一位杰出的航海家和制图师，但因殖民主义背景而受到现代反殖民情绪的冲击。文章通过库克的信件和作家的分析，展示了他的复杂性：既是探险家也是殖民者。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段But in January a statue of the 18th﹣century British explorer was pushed over in Melbourne and the words "The colony will fall" painted on the base.In Hawaii a monument in Cook's memory has been covered with red paint and the message "You are on native land." Cook has joined Edward Colston and Cecil Rhodes as a focus of anti﹣colonialist anger. （但今年1月，这位18世纪英国探险家的雕像在墨尔本被推倒，底座上写着"殖民地将沦陷"的字样。在夏威夷，一座纪念Cook的纪念碑被涂上了红漆，上面写着"你在原住民土地上"。Cook与Edward Colston和Cecil Rhodes一样，成为反殖民主义愤怒的焦点）可知，目前有些人认为Cook是殖民主义者。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中The author，Hampton Sides，focuses on Cook's return to Australia and New Zealand—countries the explorer had first encountered almost a decade earlier—his discovery of the Society Islands and his time in Hawaii. （作者Hampton Sides将重点放在库克回到澳大利亚和新西兰——这位探险家在近10年前第一次遇到这两个国家——他发现了社会群岛，并在夏威夷度过了一段时间）可知，Cook在太平洋的第一次航行中，登陆了社会群岛和新西兰。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第五段中He was cruel when carrying out punishments to his own crew as well as to any native people who opposed him. （他在惩罚自己的船员和任何反对他的土著人时都很残忍）可知，Cook有残忍的一面；根据第六段中Unlike the Spanish，he had no interest in religious conversion.He tried hard to stop his men from spreading disease. （与西班牙人不同，他对宗教皈依不感兴趣。他竭力阻止部下传播疾病）可知，他在航海中也有善意的一面，阻止部下传播疾病。因此，他的行为可以用善意和铁腕来形容。故选B项。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中As the author makes clear，there is a balance to be struck between justified admiration for Cook's seamanship and a justifiable hatred for the colonialism that followed native peoples' first contact with Europeans. （正如作者明确指出的那样，在对Cook航海技术的合理钦佩和对原住民与欧洲人第一次接触后出现的殖民主义的合理仇恨之间，需要找到一个平衡）可推知，该书的作者认为我们应该客观地看待Cook的冒险和英国殖民主义。故选C项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）
Hopping Around the World
Hopscotch is a very old game.It usually uses a puck，such as a stone，and a pattern that players hop through.Here are different versions to play.
Scotch﹣Hoppers Children in England and Scotland play this game with a stone or a coin.Throw the stone into Box 1.Hop over Box 1 and through the pattern.On the way back，hop into Box 1，pick up the stone，and hop out.Then，toss the puck into Box 2，and so on，If your stone enters the wrong box，start over!The first player to throw the stone into each box and hop through the whole pattern wins. Escargot Escargot is the French word for""snail"" For this game，the pattern looks like a snail，No puck is used，Players hop through the pattern on one foot.You may rest in the center on both feet.After resting，hop back through the pattern and out.If you finish the pattern without stepping on a line，write your name in a space.No other player may land in that space.At the end，the player who owns the most spaces wins.
La Thunkuna Children play this game in Bolivia，a country in South America.The puck is a stone or the peel from an orange.Instead of writing a number in each square，players write each day of the week.Throw the puck into the first box. Hop over it into the second box.Next，kick the puck backwards and out of the pattern，Then，hop out.On your next turn，throw the puck into the next space，and so on. The first player to hop all the way through wins. Gat Fei Gei In this Chinese version of hopscotch，the puck is a piece of roof tile，At the top is the pig's head.Toss the puck into the pig's head and hop through the pattern.When you reach boxes 7 and 8，spin around and pick up the puck from behind.If you hop through the pattern without making a mistake，pick a box and write your name in it.No one else can land in that box!The player who owns the most boxes wins.
（1）What are the two common things used in hopscotch？ 　D　
A.Coin and pin.
B.Box and chair.
C.Snail and space.
D.Puck and pattern.
（2）Which of the following shows the difference of Escargot from other hopscotches？ 　B　
A.It needs more space.
B.It doesn't need a puck.
C.It is a snail from France.
D.It isn't a pattern but a line.
（3）What is the passage mainly talking about？ 　C　
A.The successful winners in the hopscotch.
B.The history and development of hopscotch.
C.The rules of different versions of hopscotch.
D.The popularity of hopscotch all over the world.
【答案】DBC
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了四个版本的跳房子游戏规则。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中Hopscotch is a very old game.It usually uses a puck，such as a stone，and pattern that player hop through（跳房子是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，如石头，和球员跳过去的模式）可知跳房子游戏中常用的两种东西是圆盘和图案。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Escargot那段中For this game，the pattern looks like a snail，No puck is used.（在这个游戏中，图案看起来像一只蜗牛，没有使用冰球。）可知它不需要冰球，这显示了蜗牛与其他跳房子游戏的不同。故选B。
（3）主旨大意题。根据第一段Hopscotch is a very old game.It usually uses a puck，such as a stone，and a pattern that players hop through.Here are different versions to play. （跳房子是一种非常古老的游戏。它通常使用一个冰球，如一块石头，和一个供玩家跳跃的图案。这里有不同的版本可以玩。）可知本文讲述了四个版本的跳房子游戏规则。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末） Here is one of the world's largest indoor ski﹣slopes.It covers an area of 22，500 m2，about the same size as three football fields，and the temperature is a constant ﹣1°C to ﹣2°C.However，the strangest thing about this place is that it's in the middle of the desert!It's called Ski Dubai and the outside temperatures can rise to more than 40℃!
It sounds crazy，but it just shows how serious people are about having fun.We spend huge sums on sports facilities.We pay our sports stars ridiculous amounts of money.And we spend hour after hour playing games!I wonder if all the sports﹣lovers and game﹣players in the world aren't a little crazy.I know I am.I was once driving past a football field where some kids were playing.I turned to watch and crashed my car.I know it's stupid but I can do nothing about it.As someone said，"Football isn't a matter of life and death.It's much more important than that!"
Of course，it isn't that important really.No game is.But the problem is that games are addictive（使人上瘾的）.From the tennis court to the golf course，you'll find participants and spectators who can't live without the drug of their choice.It could be a good thing.After all，despite being addictive，it's true that sports and games help us to relax.Maybe if it wasn't for sport，our societies would be more violent.Perhaps sport is a substitute for war？It's hard to think of a quieter，more peaceful game than chess，and what's the objective？Capturing your opponent's king.And surely，it's better to have wars in athletics stadiums rather than on battlefields.
What's more，playing is natural.Kittens chase balls of wool and puppies pretend to fight.Games help us perfect our skills and prepare us for the serious contest of survival.
But do all games help us relax and stay away from violence？What about computer games？A recent article in New Scientist suggests that playing violent video games（and most of them are extremely violent）makes people more aggressive and more likely to commit violent crimes.
Are these games a rehearsal for life or a substitute for life？Do we play instead of facing up to our real problems？I don't know.But what I do know is that I need a break.Something to help me relax.Skiing would be nice.I wonder how much it costs to get to Dubai？
（1）According to the author，the most surprising thing about Ski Dubai is its 　C　 .
A.slopes
B.size
C.location
D.facilities
（2）The expression"the drug of their choice"in the 3rd paragraph refers to 　A　 .
A.the game they are keen on
B.the medicine they take
C.the activity good for health
D.the sport in place of war
（3）Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with？ 　D　
A.Sports stars should be paid more to play well.
B.Sports are more important than life and death.
C.Chess is too peaceful to be considered a sport.
D.Games can make one relaxed as well as violent.
（4）What does the author mainly talk about in the passage？ 　B　
A.The relationship between games and crimes.
B.Human natural craze for having fun with games.
C.Serious concerns about time that is spent on games.
D.Real problems facing game players in everyday life.
【答案】CADB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们对于各类运动和游戏的热爱，甚至达到痴迷的地步，以及它们给人和社会带来的利弊。文章以"一个世界上最大的室内滑雪场之一竟然修建在迪拜沙漠中心"开篇来说明人们对于运动的热爱，运动既让人上瘾又使人放松，玩暴力电子游戏会使人变得暴力。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的However，the strangest thing about this place is that it's in the middle of the desert!（然而，关于这个地方最令人惊奇的事情是，它位于沙漠中央）可知，这个地方的地理位置是最令人惊奇的。故选C项。
（2）词义指代题。根据第三段From the tennis court to the golf course（从网球场到高尔夫球场）可知，此处指的是各种各样的运动，及上文But the problem is that games are addictive.（但问题是游戏运动容易上瘾）可以判断出，the drug of their choice是指像毒品一样让人上瘾的各类运动。因此A项（他们热衷的运动）符合题意。故选A项。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段After all，despite being addictive，it's true that sports and games help us to relax.（毕竟，尽管上瘾，运动和游戏确实能帮助我们放松）可知，作者支持游戏能使人放松。根据第五段最后一句A recent article in New Scientist suggests that playing violent video games （and most of them are extremely violent） makes people more aggressive and more likely to commit violent crimes.（在《新科学家》杂志中的一篇最新论文表明，玩那些大部分都极其暴力的电子游戏会使人们更加好斗，也更有暴力犯罪的可能）可知，游戏也能使人很暴力。因此游戏既能让人放松也能使人很暴力。故选D项。
（4）主旨大意题。文章以"一个世界上最大的室内滑雪场之一竟然修建在迪拜沙漠中心"开篇来说明人们对于运动的热爱，后面叙述运动既让人上瘾又使人放松，文章最后以作者要去迪拜的滑雪场结束，再一次说明的对运动的热爱。因此本文主要描述了人们对于运动和游戏的乐趣有天生的痴迷。故选B项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
5．（2024春 闵行区期末）Directions：Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.For example，they usually point at a box and say "open". B.You should be mindful of the potential impact of gestures. C.Make fake gestures on certain occasions if necessary. D.Here are some tips that can help you take advantage of gestures. E.This can give you a way of seeing what others are thinking but not saying. F.Gesturing while learning will also help them solve the same problem in a new way.
Tuning in to Gestures
Gesture gets its power in part from the fact that it is seldom noticed by the speaker or listener yet is easily understood and included in our conversations.The challenge is to use it to good effect. （1）　D　
Gesture more when you speak.It will help you learn and understand，and also think in a more abstract way.If you gesture while talking，you will remember more of what you have said.Do it while you are multitasking and it will lighten your mental load.What's more，when you gesture，the people around you tend to do so too. （2）　E　
Encourage gestures in your children，students and anyone else you are trying to teach.This will help them understand the material you are conveying. （3）　F　 That is important because being able to generalise what we learn is essential to acquiring new knowledge.
Pay attention to other people's gestures.These offer a window into the thoughts that speakers have but don't express in their words.These thoughts are often at the cutting﹣edge of their knowledge or address issues that are uppermost in their minds.Noticing and responding to such gestures will improve your interactions at home and at work.
Observe the gesturing of infants （婴儿）.While learning to talk，children typically convey sentence﹣like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone. （4）　A　 If a child fails to produce these gesture﹣word combinations，it may be a sign that their spoken language development will be delayed，allowing you to intervene and help.
【答案】DEFA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何有效地利用手势。
【解答】（1）语境衔接题。根据上文The challenge is to use it to good effect.（挑战在于如何使用它来达到良好的效果。）结合下文每段的主旨句，可知下文要介绍如何利用手势，所以选项D"以下是一些可以帮助你利用手势的技巧。"符合语境，故选D。
（2）联系上文题。根据上文所举的两个例子If you gesture while talking，you will remember more of what you have said.Do it while you are multitasking and it will lighten your mental load.（如果你说话时做手势，你会记住更多你说过的话。在多任务处理的时候做这件事，会减轻你的精神负担。）可知每个例子中后半部分都说明这样做的好处，上文What's more，when you gesture，the people around you tend to do so too.（更重要的是，当你做手势时，你周围的人也会这样做。）这是一个例子，可知下文会说这样做的好处，所以选项E"这可以让你看到别人在想什么，而不是在说什么。"符合语境，故选E。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文Encourage gestures in your children，students and anyone else you are trying to teach.This will help them understand the material you are conveying.（鼓励你的孩子、学生和其他你想教的人做手势。这将帮助他们理解您所传达的材料。）可知边学习边做手势可以有助于更好理解要学的内容，所以选项F"在学习的同时做手势也会帮助他们以一种新的方式解决同样的问题。"符合语境，其中them指代上文 your children，students and anyone you are trying to teach，且also也有承上作用。故选F。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文While learning to talk，children typically convey sentence﹣like meanings in a combination of gesture and speech before using words alone.（在学习说话时，孩子们通常在单独使用单词之前，通过手势和语言来传达类似句子的意思。） 可知A"例如，他们通常指着一个盒子说"打开"。"符合语境，是对上文所述进行举例说明，故选A。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
四．选词填空（共1小题）
6．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
A．day﹣trippers B．enthusiasts C．exploring D．first﹣tier E.guided F.inclusive G.interacting H.potential I.rhyme J.tailored K.trending
Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely walk through the streets—this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
Citywalk can be a（n） （1）　E　 trip tailor﹣made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency，or simply a leisurely walk for once or two to explore new areas，sticking to the key point：avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more （2）　F　 experience of the places you visit.That is to say，you are given the freedom to explore endless possibilities.
Hashtags （话题标签） and keywords for Citywalk are currently （3）　K　 across multiple Chinese social media platforms，as more and more people look to share their experiences and thoughts online.
In China，the Citywalk trend is spreading from （4）　D　 cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third﹣tier cities，encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved.Some organizers invite folk culture （5）　B　 to act as tour guides.Xiao Yiyi is a young entrepreneur （创业者） based in Changsha （6）　C　 new possibilities in the tourism sector.Recently she launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account，with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to walk in "open﹣air museums"，an approach for young people to （7）　G　 with a city.Xiao Yiyi said her events usually last around half a day.
Beijing and Shandong have included Citywalk in their plans to promote cultural tourism and leisure tours.Shanghai has established Citywalk routes using public bus routes to help （8）　A　 reach more remote districts by public transport and continue on foot.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon，industry insiders say that its （9）　H　 is huge.Many tour guides also try to expand their influence online，sharing their experiences to attract potential customers.
Citywalk is offer ng a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs.At the same time，Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides to offer a more （10）　J　 ，professional service to meet with ever﹣changing market demands.
【答案】EFKDB CGAHJ
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人探索城市的旅游新趋势——城市漫步。
【解答】（1）考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词trip，结合后文tailor﹣made for a small group of people organized by a travel agency可知，形容词guided"有导游的"符合题意。故选E。
（2）考查形容词。句意：Citywalk可以是由旅行社组织的为一小群人量身定制的有导游的旅行，也可以是一到两个人的悠闲散步，探索新地区，坚持要点：避开著名景点和拥挤的人群，以获得更全面的体验。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词experience，结合句意可知，形容词inclusive"包容广阔的，范围广泛的"符合题意。故选F。
（3）考查现在分词。句意：随着越来越多的人希望在网上分享他们的经历和想法，Citywalk的标签和关键词目前在多个中国社交媒体平台上流行起来。分析可知，此处应用动词作谓语，结合句意可知，选项K.trending"倾向，趋势"符合题意，此处与空前的are构成现在进行时。故选K。
（4）考查形容词。句意：在中国，城市漫步的趋势正从北京和上海等一线城市蔓延到二三线城市，鼓励更多参与者和活动组织者参与进来。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词cities，结合后文like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third﹣tier cities可知，形容词first﹣tier"一线的，顶尖的"符合题意。故选D。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：一些组织者邀请民俗文化爱好者充当导游。分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示对民俗文化有热情的人，选项B．enthusiasts符合题意，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故选B。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：肖伊伊是长沙的一位年轻企业家，正在旅游业中探索新的可能性。根据后文的new possibilities可知，此处表示探索新机会，选项C．exploring "探索"符合题意，此处作状语，explore与Xiao Yiyi之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词表主动。故选C。
（7）考查动名词。句意：最近，她在自己的社交媒体账户上推出了六条不同城市的Citywalk路线，旨在为游客提供在"露天博物馆"中行走的体验，这是年轻人与城市互动的一种方式。根据an approach to doing sth."做某事的方法"可知，介词to后应用动名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示年轻人通过这种方式与城市互动，故选项G.interacting"互动"符合题意。故选G。
（8）考查可数名词复数。句意：上海已经利用公交线路设立了城市漫步路线，帮助一日游游客通过公共交通工具到达更偏远的地区，然后继续步行。分析可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处指代参与城市漫步活动的人，故选项A．day﹣trippers"一日游游客"符合题意，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故选A。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：尽管城市漫步是一个相对较新的现象，但业内内部人士表示，其潜力巨大。分析可知，此处应用名词作that引导的宾语从句的主语，结合句意可知，此处表示潜力巨大，选项H.potential"潜力"符合题意，potential为不可数名词。故选H。
（10）考查形容词。句意：与此同时，Citywalk也为导游提供了一个机会，让他们能够提供更专门的、更专业的服务，以满足不断变化的市场需求。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词service，根据上文the experiences that correspond with their interests and needs可知，形容词tailored"专门的，订做的"符合题意。故选J。
【点评】如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文和语法知识来帮助判断其形式。
五．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2024春 黄浦区校级期末）
Leonardo da Vinci or the Chinese？
It has long been considered that Leonardo da Vinci was actually the first person to ever draft a landscape on August 5th，1473.This unprecedented act of describing mountains and trees on their own was revolutionary and surely helped Leonardo's already genius status，but is this really the truth？Long before one of the greatest minds of humanity was born，the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes，（1）　describing　 （describe） rivers and rocks，mountains and trees，for centuries.Leonardo's 1473 drawing actually looks a lot like a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian，（2）　painted　 （paint） in 1120，over 350 years before da Vinci's famous sketch.
The western world tends to center （3）　itself　 in terms of inventions，the practice that continues on even to the 215 t century.Just （4）　look　 （look ） back on your years in school and try to remember one thing you learned about the Far East，whether its history or art，and I be t that you will have to think long and hard（5）　before　 you remember anything.This，of course，is nothing new of scandal（丑闻），as all cultures tend to think （6）　of　 their own as the most important one，but when it comes to unfairly crediting a western artist for something the Chinese have been doing for centuries，the Western﹣centrism becomes a bit of a problem，（7）　which　 brings us to Chinese landscape painting.The artists from the Middle Kingdom have been painting with such sensitivity and poetry while Europe was in the midst of fighting the cruel crusades（十字军东征） and completely forgetting the flourishing creativity of the ancient Greece.China has been in its golden age that Europe would not see until the ages of Leonardo and Van Gogh，who （8）　was inspired　 （inspire） interestingly，heavily by the Chinese art.It is still a mystery （9）　that/why　 da Vinci's sketch looks almost exactly like the Gongnian piece，which draws the curious minds（10）　to wonder　 （wonder）if Leonardo had somehow managed to see the painting for himself，maybe through the artifacts brought from the Silk Road.
【答案】（1）describing（2）painted（3）itself（4）look（5）before（6）of（7）which（8）was inspired（9）that/why（10）to wonder
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。长期以来，人们一直认为列奥纳多 达 芬奇是第一个在1473年8月5日绘制风景画的人。其实，在此之前几个世纪以来，中国艺术家就一直在画风景画，描绘河流、岩石、山脉和树木。
【解答】（1）考查现在分词。句意：早在这位人类最伟大的思想家诞生之前，几个世纪以来，中国艺术家就一直在画风景画，描绘河流、岩石、山脉和树木。the Chinese artists have been painting landscapes与describe之间是主动关系，为非谓语动词，用现在分词短语作状语。故填describing。
（2）考查过去分词。句意：达芬奇1473年的这幅画实际上看起来很像李功年1120年的《冬夜风景》，比达芬奇的著名素描早了350多年。a painting Winter Evening Landscape by Li Gongnian与paint之间是动宾关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作定语。故填painted。
（3）考查反身代词。句意：西方世界倾向于以发明为中心，这种做法甚至一直持续到21世纪。主语和宾语为同一个人，用反身代词oneself作宾语；本句主语为The western world，故宾语为itself。故填itself。
（4）考查祈使句。句意：只要回顾一下你在学校的日子，试着回忆一件你学到的关于远东的东西，无论是历史还是艺术，我相信在你记住任何东西之前，你都必须认真思考很长时间。祈使句中要用动词原形。故填look。
（5）考查连词。句意：只要回顾一下你在学校的日子，试着回忆一件你学到的关于远东的东西，无论是历史还是艺术，我相信在你记住任何东西之前，你都必须认真思考很长时间。根据句意，此处用连词before，意为"在……之前"。故填before。
（6）考查介词。句意：当然，这并不是什么新鲜事，因为所有的文化都倾向于认为自己的文化是最重要的，但当涉及到不公平地将中国人已经做了几个世纪的事情归功于西方艺术家时，西方中心主义就成了一个问题，这就把我们带到了中国山水画上。think of"认为"，是动词短语。故填of。
（7）考查定语从句。句意：当然，这并不是什么新鲜事，因为所有的文化都倾向于认为自己的文化是最重要的，但当涉及到不公平地将中国人已经做了几个世纪的事情归功于西方艺术家时，西方中心主义就成了一个问题，这就把我们带到了中国山水画上。先行词a problem在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
（8）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国一直处于黄金时代，欧洲直到列奥纳多和梵高时代才看到这一点，有趣的是，梵高深受中国艺术的启发。who与inspire之间是动宾关系，因讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时的被动语态，关系代词who的先行词Van Gogh是单数，be动词用was。故填was inspired。
（9）考查主语从句。句意：（为什么）达 芬奇的素描与贡年画几乎一模一样，这仍然是一个谜，这让人们好奇地想知道，达 芬奇是否通过从丝绸之路带来的文物，以某种方式亲自看到了这幅画。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that/why引导的主语从句。故填that/why。
（10）考查动词不定式。句意：达 芬奇的素描与贡年画几乎一模一样，这仍然是一个谜，这让人们好奇地想知道，达 芬奇是否通过从丝绸之路带来的文物，以某种方式亲自看到了这幅画。draw sb.to do sth.意为"吸引某人做某事"，是固定短语。故填to wonder。
【点评】在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 宝山区期末）校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way） 　School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.　
【答案】School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【分析】校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。
【解答】结合句意，句子应用一般现在时表示事实。"校餐推销给孩子"译为School meals should also be marketed to children；"要以其他食品的推销方法"译为in the same way as other foods.
故填：School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
【点评】考查句子的翻译，要熟记单词短语的汉语意思，并结合题目要求写出正确的句子。
9．（2024春 宝山区期末）为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful） 　In order to cultivate students with authentic accents，the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.　
【答案】In order to cultivate students with authentic accents，the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【分析】为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。
【解答】分析句子，句子应用一般现在时表示事实。前半句作目的状语，用in order to do sth.，译为In order to cultivate students with authentic accents；"计划做某事"译为plan to do sth.；后半句译为the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
故填：In order to cultivate students with authentic accents，the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from abroad.
【点评】考查汉译英，注意汉英之间的差异，汉语与英语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意进行翻译，使句意更通顺。
10．（2023春 杨浦区校级期末）观众们倒抽一口凉气，这位种子选手赢下了前两局，两个小时之后却只有五成的获胜希望。（chance） 　The audience gasped for breath as the seeded player won the first two games，but after two hours，there was only a 50% chance of winning　
【答案】The audience gasped for breath as the seeded player won the first two games，but after two hours，there was only a 50% chance of winning.
【分析】观众们倒抽一口凉气，这位种子选手赢下了前两局，两个小时之后却只有五成的获胜希望。
【解答】观众们The audience 是句子的主语，倒抽了一口凉气是动宾结构，是谓语和宾语，而且这是对已发生事情的叙述，应该使用一般过去时，译为gasped for breath。后面的句子和前面观众倒抽一口凉气是因果关系，用as进行连接，这位种子选手the seeded player 是从句的主语，赢下了前两局发生在过去要使用一般过去时，译为won the first two games，两个小时之后却只有五成的获胜希望是前面句意的转折，译为but after two hours，there was only a 50% chance of winning.
故答案为：The audience gasped for breath as the seeded player won the first two games，but after two hours，there was only a 50% chance of winning
【点评】本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
11．（2023春 徐汇区校级期末） 在我们眼里腼腆的小王绘声绘色地讲述了一个激动人心的故事，令我们对他刮目相看。 （account） 　Xiao Wang，who was shy in our eyes，gave an account of an exciting story vividly and made us look at him with new eyes.　
【答案】Xiao Wang，who was shy in our eyes，gave an account of an exciting story vividly and made us look at him with new eyes.
【分析】在我们眼里腼腆的小王绘声绘色地讲述了一个激动人心的故事，令我们对他刮目相看。
【解答】分析句子可知，主语是小王Xiao Wang，在我们眼里腼腆的who was shy in our eyes，可用who引导的非限制性定语从句修饰主语，句子时态为一般过去时，主句和从句的谓语动词均用过去式，give an account of sth.讲述、解释某事，为动词短语，讲述了一个激动人心的故事gave an account of an exciting story，绘声绘色地vividly，令我们对他刮目相看made us look at him with new eyes，连词and连接两个并列谓语动词gave和made。
故填：Xiao Wang，who was shy in our eyes，gave

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