资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．语法填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
The future is grey
An aging world will oblige us to change how we live
Much is made of intergenerational conflicts，with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers.But however these competing needs are resolved today，younger people will become a（1）　 　 （prized） resource in the future，because there will be fewer of them.
Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic （人口的） forces.One is （2）　 　 ，as countries become more prosperous，there is a decline in the number of children that people have.When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—（3）　 　 it is offset （抵消） by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior﹣heavy.If this trend continues，97 percent of countries are forecast （4）　 　 （have） birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100.
The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world，a trend （5）　 　 has continued for decades.This （6）　 　 （drive） by multiple factors over the past century，including improvements in sanitation （公共卫生），the spread of vaccines and antibiotics，and，later on，by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking.The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight﹣（7）　 　 （reduce） drugs such as Ozempic，or indeed medicines already in wide use today.
These ageing populations present many challenges，forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions，healthcare and so on.The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for （8）　 　 who are older.
But we （9）　 　 not necessarily be too pessimistic.Just like in medicine，advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly.Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines？If so， （10）　 　 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs，we might one day welcome them with open arms.
二．选词填空（共1小题）
2．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
A.threat B.originally C.defense D.reduced E.potential F.destructive G.unintentionally H.enormous I.released J.astronomical K.adapted
Our Unwelcome Guests
If you picnic in a Texas park，chances are that you'll encounter fire ants ﹣﹣ a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings.This invasive （入侵的） species，like many others，is not only annoying but also expensive and （1）　 　 .From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China，non﹣native animals，plants，bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems.
An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm.Sometimes non﹣native species are imported （2）　 　 ，like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America.Other times non﹣native species are purposely brought in.For instance，certain Asian fish species， （3）　 　 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U.S.，escaped and entered local rivers.Similarly，green iguanas were brought to China as pets，but some irresponsible owners（4）　 　 them into the wild.The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons.
The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is （5）　 　 .According to U.S.government estimates，invasive species cost the American economy over ＄120 billion annually.The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions.Various U.S.agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp，Africanized bees and Burmese pythons.In southern China，green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems，harming agricultural production and posing a（6）　 　 to the native reptile （爬行动物） populations.
Invasive species have the （7）　 　 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems.They often lack natural predators （掠食者） in their new environment and out﹣compete native species for food and other resources.They may even prey on local species.In Florida，for instance，pythons have （8）　 　 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent.Additionally，Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural （9）　 　 ，resulting in the extinction of an entire native species.
Alarmingly，the National Wildlife Federation in the U.S.reports that，"Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife.Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species."Unless people take serious action，the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become （10）　 　 .
三．完形填空（共1小题）
3．（2024秋 长宁区校级期末）Wordsworth is celebrated as the nature poet because of his beautiful descriptions of nature and rural/countryside areas.However，to （1）　 　 his work to just an imitation of trees and flowers would be immature.
Wordsworth admired nature/countryside not only because it looked beautiful，but because of the simplicity and beauty that nature/countryside provided allowed people to be in （2）　 　 with their soul and experience true beauty in life.Wordsworth believed that the city life made the masses dull and depressed– it had reduced them to （3）　 　 machines who failed to appreciate the simple beauty of life.He called this mental state savage torpor原始麻木.
（4）　 　 of the highly elevated topics of neoclassical新古典主义 poets and their over﹣complicated language，Wordsworth wanted "to make the ordinary extraordinary".Wordsworth found （5）　 　 from everyday figures of everyday life.Whether it be the famous Solitary Reaper or the Daffodils — Wordsworth's poetry flows to admire the simple beauty that exists in daily life.
For Wordsworth，a poet is simply "a man speaking to men" — a fellow human just like all of us trying to communicate his （6）　 　 and experience of truth and beauty. （7）　 　 ，the poet differs from regular people because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him and a deeper connection with his own feelings，moods and emotions as they arise in （8）　 　 to these outer happenings.
Wordsworth famously （9）　 　 poetry as "a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which are recollected in tranquility".Simply speaking，the highly sensitive poet is able to experience the beauty of ordinary life，capture his own emotions as they （10）　 　 and is finally able to sit in a calm，peaceful space to use his imagination to recollect these emotions and finally write about them.
Wordsworth （11）　 　 to the belief that the "real language of men"– ordinary daily language – should be used to write poetry.However，Wordsworth refined this common language to a purer form without losing the （12）　 　 of its simplicity.
The Egotistical Sublime个人崇高 is a concept which simply means that a poet's own subjective view of truth and beauty is extremely （13）　 　 to his work.The poems they produce are （14）　 　 with their own imagination and perspective on how they perceive things around them.Wordsworth's works are often said to be examples of the Egotistical Sublime since his own experience of things is what he believes to be everyone's experience of things.
In conclusion，it'll be safe to say those modern﹣day poets who hold ideas like self﹣expression and sensitivity so dear to their hearts truly （15）　 　 it to Wordsworth's works to reinforce ideas so simple yet so revolutionary.
（1） A．reduce B．relate C．extend D．restore
（2） A．conflict B．touch C．cooperation D．proportion
（3） A．overworked B．overestimated C．overweight D．overnight
（4） A．ignorant B．aware C．tired D．reminded
（5） A．inspiration B．contact C．heritage D．loneliness
（6） A．perception B．qualification C．concern D．projection
（7） A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Additionally
（8） A．contrast B．reference C．response D．parallel
（9） A．define B．dismiss C．advertise D．impose
（10） A．arise B．reflect C．compose D．release
（11） A．belonged B．clung C．appealed D．headed
（12） A．lack B．essence C．obligation D．decoration
（13） A．resistant B．attached C．compared D．relevant
（14） A．restricted B．burdened C．covered D．filled
（15） A．shift B．owe C．add D．channel
四．阅读理解（共3小题）
4．（2024秋 长宁区校级期末）More than a decade ago，cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz，both then at Vanderbilt University，found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning．" The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction．Shockingly，the two groups came up with plans of similar quality（although the college students had better spelling skills）．From the standpoint of a traditional educator，this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction，major scientific ideas．
The researchers decided to go deeper，however．They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans．On this task，they found large differences．College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their habitats．Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles （"How big are they？" and "What do they eat？"）．The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions，the cornerstone（最重要部分）of critical thinking．They had learned how to learn．
Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools．At the Exploratorium in San Francisco we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry．We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if？" and "How can？" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration，they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit﹣asking more questions，performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results．Specifically，their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit．Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try，they tended to include both cause and effect in their question．Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits．
This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings．Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools．Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum．But people must acquire this skill somewhere，Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment，say，or what we must do about global energy needs and demands．For that，we have an informal learning system that gives no grades，takes all comers，and is available even on holidays and weekends．
（1）What is traditional educators interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph？ 　 　
A．Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems．
B．College students are no better than fifth grader in memorizing facts．
C．Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues．
D．Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas．
（2）College students are different from children in that 　 　 ？
A．they have learned to think critically．
B．they are concerned about social issues．
C．they are curious about specific features．
D．they have learned to work independently．
（3）What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers？ 　 　
A．It arouses students' interest in things around them．
B．It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries．
C．It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments．
D．It helps students realize not every question has an answer．
（4）At the end of the passage the author seems to encourage educators to 　 　 ．
A．train students to think about global issues
B．design more interactive classroom activities
C．make full use of informal learning resources
D．include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum
5．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
（1）Why is there a personal checklist in the advertisement？ 　 　
A.To help readers self﹣check their degree of aging.
B.To teach readers how to slow the natural aging process.
C.To urge readers to take their own health issues more seriously.
D.To make readers aware of how much the product can help them.
（2）Which of the following is NOT the safety feature of a Safe Step Tub？ 　 　
A.Low step﹣in.
B.Heated seat and back.
C.Grab bars.
D.Anti﹣slip tub floor.
（3）If a customer calls 1﹣888﹣380﹣9164 today，he can 　 　 .
A.have a ＄1500 discount when he buys any bathroom fittings
B.get ＄1500 back for the walk﹣in tub he bought last year.
C.save ＄1500 when buying a new Safe Step Walk﹣In Tub.
D.change the Walk﹣In Tub for a shower room for free.
6．（2024春 宝山区期末） The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died，they removed the brain from his body and threw it away.The Egyptians assumed，like many people before and after them，that consciousness﹣your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain，but how exactly does this 1.5﹣kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself，experience happiness and anger，or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago？This isn't a new question.Today，however，powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought，emotion，behavior，and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought，"What's wrong with me today？I just don't feel like myself"？Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual – but somehow，you knew that something was different about you.This self﹣awareness — the ability to think about yourself and how you're feeling﹣is an important part of being human.
This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex ﹣a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears.Before this area began to function （around age two），you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity.As this part of your brain developed，you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others，we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation.In fact，most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.The smell of freshly cut grass，for example，will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside，but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm.Once an emotional association like this is made，it is very difficult to reverse it."Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain，"says psychologist Paul Ekman.But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
For centuries，people have studied the brain，but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works.Nevertheless，there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind's many complexities.
（1）What is the passage mainly about？ 　 　
A.How we create and control emotions.
B.How the mind works.
C.How human beings are distinct.
D.How emotions are processed.
（2）Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians' practice in the very beginning？ 　 　
A.To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B.To introduce the core theme of the mind﹣body connection and evolution.
C.To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history.
D.To contrast the ancient Egyptians' views on the brain with the modern one.
（3）Which of the following statement is NOT true？ 　 　
A.Self﹣awareness develops before the age of two.
B.The prefrontal cortex affects a person's emotions.
C.The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain.
D.Self﹣awareness strengthens with the development of the brain.
（4）What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions？ 　 　
A.Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences.
B.Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories，making them quite flexible.
C.Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person.
D.Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind，and they cannot be controlled.
五．信息匹配（共1小题）
7．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
A.This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B.By stepping away for a time，you can help keep other people's lives in perspective. C.Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D.Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you're locked into everyday life？ E.It's important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F.Rather than focusing on what you lack，try noticing what you have.
Fear of Missing Out
It's a common experience：You're scrolling through a social media page，and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties.Suddenly you start to wonder why you're not doing those things.（1）　 　 This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out，sometimes abbreviated FOMO.To some extent，people have always worried about missing out on things.But with the rise of social media，FOMO is becoming much more common.
Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal.But for some people，it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing.Even while doing things that are fun or necessary，people can feel like there's something better going on elsewhere.（2）　 　 It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.
（3）　 　 People tend to pick and choose the things they share，so we only ever know a small part of anyone else's life.
It's also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive，and that's OK.
It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while.Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media.（4）　 　
Finally，focus on the things in front of you.Enjoy them，do them well and let everything else go.When you fully engage with life，you'll worry less about what you're not doing.
Don't let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life.Relax，enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）为什么不把料理家务作为自己的习惯呢？ （ritual）（汉译英） 　 　
9．（2024春 杨浦区期末）尽管电动车着火事故频频发生，但发展新能源汽车依然是大势所趋。（occurrence） 　 　
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助，是拥有获得内心平静的关键。（key） 　 　
11．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）意识到他的自负和无能已经带来了严重后果，这位外科医生显然忐忑不安，他额头上的汗水正是焦虑的迹象。（stomach；使用独立主格结构） 　 　
七．书面表达（共2小题）
12．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Imperfection can be a gift
We all want to do things well and for things to turn out right.However，growing up also involves accepting when things go wrong.In fact，messing up can lead to some of the most interesting and meaningful outcomes.
Aiming for results，whether that's getting good school grades，shining in sport or acing an art project，can help you focus on your goals.However，it's just as important to focus on enjoying the process.Getting too hung up on things turning out exactly as you think they should can put a lot of pressure on you and lead to anxiety.That's why it's good to leave some room for errors and imperfections.Then if things don't go as planned，it's not a big deal and you may learn something new.
Dr Vara is a psychologist who helps people take care of their mental health.She says getting things wrong is part of growing up. "We also have to experience the uncomfortable feeling when we get things wrong.This helps us to become stronger，" says Dr Vara. "Otherwise，we'll be too scared to make mistakes.This fear can lead to us putting off doing difficult things or avoiding trying new things." It's important to realise that making mistakes is common，which shows that it is impossible to be perfect and failure is normal.
Learning from your mistakes is an essential part of growing up.The most important thing is how you respond and what you choose to do next.Try not to take it too seriously，blame yourself or feel too disappointed or upset.Dr Vara explains， "Remember that you're not a bad person for getting things wrong——you're human.It might feel uncomfortable for a bit，then these feelings will pass and then you'll bounce back."
Instead，think about what you might do differently next time.This has been proven to work.In one study，students who were reminded to forgive and be kind to themselves when they failed a test felt more motivated to try again.
13．（2024春 宝山区期末）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
●读报的经历；
●喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
上海市2024-2025学年高二下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．语法填空（共1小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
The future is grey
An aging world will oblige us to change how we live
Much is made of intergenerational conflicts，with baby boomers competing against millennials or Gen Zers.But however these competing needs are resolved today，younger people will become a（1）　more prized　 （prized） resource in the future，because there will be fewer of them.
Populations are slowly growing older than ever before due to two seemingly unstoppable demographic （人口的） forces.One is （2）　that　 ，as countries become more prosperous，there is a decline in the number of children that people have.When that figure drops below the population replacement level of 2.1 children per woman—（3）　unless　 it is offset （抵消） by immigration—the head count shrinks as well as becoming more senior﹣heavy.If this trend continues，97 percent of countries are forecast （4）　to have　 （have） birthrates below the replacement level by the year 2100.
The other key factor is that people are living longer in nearly every country in the world，a trend （5）　that/which　 has continued for decades.This （6）　has been driven　 （drive） by multiple factors over the past century，including improvements in sanitation （公共卫生），the spread of vaccines and antibiotics，and，later on，by better treatments for heart disease and the decline of smoking.The next reshaping of life expectancy curves could come from the widespread use of weight﹣（7）　reducing　 （reduce） drugs such as Ozempic，or indeed medicines already in wide use today.
These ageing populations present many challenges，forcing countries to rethink their systems of pensions，healthcare and so on.The risk is that there will be too few people of working age to help provide care for （8）　those　 who are older.
But we （9）　should　 not necessarily be too pessimistic.Just like in medicine，advances in artificial intelligence and robotics are continuing rapidly.Could the potential demographic crisis be prevented by a workforce of intelligent machines？If so， （10）　instead of　 having to be worried about robots taking our jobs，we might one day welcome them with open arms.
【答案】（1）more prized （2）that （3）unless （4）to have （5）that/which （6）has been driven （7）reducing （8）those （9）should （10）instead of
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了全球人口老龄化的现象及其对社会的影响，并提出了应对老龄化挑战的可能途径。
【解答】（1）考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，无论这些相互竞争的需求如何在今天得到解决，年轻人将在未来成为更加珍贵的资源，因为他们的数量将越来越少。分析句子，根据下文"because there will be fewer of them（因为他们的数量将越来越少）"可知，此处将年轻人的现在和未来进行比较，应填形容词的比较级，表示"更加珍贵的"，故填more prized。
（2）考查表语从句。句意：一是，随着国家变得更加繁荣，人们拥有的孩子数量正在下降。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有特殊含义，故用that引导，故填that。
（3）考查连词。句意：当这一数字降至每位女性2.1个孩子的替代水平以下时，除非被移民抵消，否则人口数量将减少，同时也将变得更加老龄化。分析句子，根据下文"it is offset （抵消） by immigration（被移民抵消）"可知，此处引出了一种例外的情况，应填连词表示"除非"，故填unless。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，预计到2100年，97%的国家的出生率将低于替代水平。分析句子可知，be forecast to do sth为固定短语，意为"被预测做某事"，故填to have。
（5）考查定语从句。句意：另一个关键因素是，世界各地几乎所有国家的人们都在活得更长，这一趋势已经持续了几十年。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a trend，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
（6）考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去一个世纪里，这一趋势是由多个因素驱动的，包括公共卫生的改善、疫苗和抗生素的普及，以及后来对心脏病的更好治疗和吸烟率的下降。根据句意及时间状语over the past century可知，此处应填现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语this与drive之间为被动关系，故填has been driven。
（7）考查现在分词。句意：体重减轻药物如奥赛米可的广泛使用可能会重塑预期寿命曲线，或者事实上，今天已经广泛使用的药物也可能会带来变化。根据句意及空后的drugs可知，此处应填非谓语动词作定语，因与其逻辑主语drugs之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填reducing。
（8）考查代词。句意：风险在于，工作年龄的人口太少，无法帮助照顾那些年纪较大的人。根据下文"who are older（年纪较大的人）"及空前的介词for可知，此处应填代词，指代上文提到的older people，故填those。
（9）考查情态动词。句意：但我们不一定非要过于悲观。分析句子，根据下文not necessarily be too pessimistic可知，此处给出了一个建议，应填情态动词，表示"不一定非要"，故填should。
（10）考查介词短语。句意：如果这样，我们就不必担心机器人抢走我们的工作，而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来。分析句子，根据下文we might one day welcome them with open arms（而是张开双臂欢迎它们的到来）可知，此处表示两种选择或行为之间的替换关系，应填介词短语，表示"而不是"，故填instead of。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
二．选词填空（共1小题）
2．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
A.threat B.originally C.defense D.reduced E.potential F.destructive G.unintentionally H.enormous I.released J.astronomical K.adapted
Our Unwelcome Guests
If you picnic in a Texas park，chances are that you'll encounter fire ants ﹣﹣ a troublesome pest renowned for their painful and irritating stings.This invasive （入侵的） species，like many others，is not only annoying but also expensive and （1）　F　 .From the vast landscapes of Texas to the exotic shores in China，non﹣native animals，plants，bacteria and viruses are damaging economies and ecosystems.
An invasive species is any kind of living thing that is foreign to a particular ecosystem and causes harm.Sometimes non﹣native species are imported （2）　G　 ，like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America.Other times non﹣native species are purposely brought in.For instance，certain Asian fish species， （3）　B　 imported from China to clean fish farms in the U.S.，escaped and entered local rivers.Similarly，green iguanas were brought to China as pets，but some irresponsible owners（4）　I　 them into the wild.The same thing occurred in Florida with Burmese pythons.
The worldwide economic impact of introduced species is （5）　H　 .According to U.S.government estimates，invasive species cost the American economy over ＄120 billion annually.The economic impact of fire ants alone totals in the billions.Various U.S.agencies spend hundreds of millions fighting introduced species such as Asian carp，Africanized bees and Burmese pythons.In southern China，green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems，harming agricultural production and posing a（6）　A　 to the native reptile （爬行动物） populations.
Invasive species have the （7）　E　 to destroy their new habitats by upsetting the local ecosystems.They often lack natural predators （掠食者） in their new environment and out﹣compete native species for food and other resources.They may even prey on local species.In Florida，for instance，pythons have （8）　D　 some regional mammal populations by 90 percent.Additionally，Invasive species can also carry diseases against which local species have no natural （9）　C　 ，resulting in the extinction of an entire native species.
Alarmingly，the National Wildlife Federation in the U.S.reports that，"Invasive species are among the primary dangers to native wildlife.Roughly 42 percent of endangered species are at risk due to invasive species."Unless people take serious action，the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become （10）　J　 .
【答案】（1）﹣（5）FGBIH（6）﹣（10）AEDCJ
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了入侵物种对生态系统和经济的影响。
【解答】（1）考查形容词。句意：这种入侵物种不仅令人讨厌，而且代价高昂，具有破坏性。根据上文"is not only annoying but also expensive and"可知，此处需要一个形容词与annoying和expensive并列，destructive"破坏性的"符合句意，形容词作表语。故选F。
（2）考查副词。句意：有时非本地物种被无意中进口，例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美。根据下文"like in the 1930s when cargo ships from South America accidentally took fire ants to North America（例如在20世纪30年代，来自南美的货船意外地将火蚁带到了北美）"可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示"无意地"，unintentionally符合句意，副词修饰动词。故选G。
（3）考查副词。句意：例如，某些亚洲鱼类最初是从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场的，但后来逃脱并进入了当地的河流。根据下文"imported from China to clean fish farms in the U.S（从中国引进到美国来清理养鱼场）"可知，此处需要一个副词修饰动词imported表示"最初"，originally符合句意，副词修饰动词。故选B。
（4）考查动词的过去分词。句意：同样地，绿鬣蜥被作为宠物带到中国，但一些不负责任的主人将它们放归野外。根据下文"into the wild（进入野外）"可知，空白处应填表示"释放"含义的表达，动词released"释放"符合句意，描述已发生的事情，所以用一般过去时态。故选I。
（5）考查形容词。句意：引入物种对世界经济的影响是巨大的。根据下文"According to U.S.government estimates，invasive species cost the American economy over ＄120 billion annually.（根据美国政府的估计，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失）"可知，入侵物种每年给美国经济造成超过1200亿美元的损失，空白处应填表示"巨大的"含义的表达，形容词作表语。故选H。
（6）考查名词。句意：在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产，并对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁。根据上文"In southern China，green iguanas are damaging irrigation systems，harming agricultural production（在中国南方，绿鬣蜥正在破坏灌溉系统，损害农业生产）"可知，此处表示的是绿鬣蜥对农业生产造成的破坏，可推理出下文说的是绿鬣蜥对当地爬行动物种群构成威胁，所以用名词单数threat构成动词短语pose a threat to，含义为"对……构成威胁"，符合句意。故选A。
（7）考查形容词。句意：入侵物种有可能通过扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地。根据下文"to destroy their new habitats（摧毁它们的新栖息地）"可知，入侵物种有扰乱当地生态系统来摧毁它们的新栖息地的可能性，空白处应填表示"潜在的可能性"含义的表达，potential符合句意，为不可数名词作宾语。故选E。
（8）考查动词的过去分词。句意：例如，在佛罗里达州，缅甸蟒蛇已经使一些地区的哺乳动物数量减少了90%。根据下文"some regional mammal populations by 90 percent（使一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%）"可知，一些地区的哺乳动物数量……了90%，可推理出空白处应填表示"减少"含义的表达，reduced符合句意，过去分词和have构成现在完成时态。故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：此外，入侵物种还可能携带当地物种没有天然防御能力的疾病，导致整个本土物种灭绝。根据下文"resulting in the extinction of an entire native species（导致整个本土物种灭绝）"可知，入侵物种还可能携带疾病，如果当地物种没有抵御能力的话，可能会导致整个本土物种灭绝。可推理出空白处应填表示"防御"含义的表达，defense符合句意，为不可数名词作宾语。故选C。
（10）考查形容词。句意：除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将变得天文数字般巨大。根据上文"Unless people take serious action，the economic and environmental costs connected to invasive species will become（除非人们采取严肃行动，否则与入侵物种相关的经济和环境成本将……）"可推理出，空白处应填表示"天文数字般的"含义的表达，astronomical符合句意，形容词作表语。故选J。
【点评】如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。
三．完形填空（共1小题）
3．（2024秋 长宁区校级期末）Wordsworth is celebrated as the nature poet because of his beautiful descriptions of nature and rural/countryside areas.However，to （1）　B　 his work to just an imitation of trees and flowers would be immature.
Wordsworth admired nature/countryside not only because it looked beautiful，but because of the simplicity and beauty that nature/countryside provided allowed people to be in （2）　B　 with their soul and experience true beauty in life.Wordsworth believed that the city life made the masses dull and depressed– it had reduced them to （3）　B　 machines who failed to appreciate the simple beauty of life.He called this mental state savage torpor原始麻木.
（4）　C　 of the highly elevated topics of neoclassical新古典主义 poets and their over﹣complicated language，Wordsworth wanted "to make the ordinary extraordinary".Wordsworth found （5）　A　 from everyday figures of everyday life.Whether it be the famous Solitary Reaper or the Daffodils — Wordsworth's poetry flows to admire the simple beauty that exists in daily life.
For Wordsworth，a poet is simply "a man speaking to men" — a fellow human just like all of us trying to communicate his （6）　A　 and experience of truth and beauty. （7）　B　 ，the poet differs from regular people because of his higher sensitivity to the happenings around him and a deeper connection with his own feelings，moods and emotions as they arise in （8）　C　 to these outer happenings.
Wordsworth famously （9）　A　 poetry as "a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which are recollected in tranquility".Simply speaking，the highly sensitive poet is able to experience the beauty of ordinary life，capture his own emotions as they （10）　A　 and is finally able to sit in a calm，peaceful space to use his imagination to recollect these emotions and finally write about them.
Wordsworth （11）　C　 to the belief that the "real language of men"– ordinary daily language – should be used to write poetry.However，Wordsworth refined this common language to a purer form without losing the （12）　B　 of its simplicity.
The Egotistical Sublime个人崇高 is a concept which simply means that a poet's own subjective view of truth and beauty is extremely （13）　B　 to his work.The poems they produce are （14）　D　 with their own imagination and perspective on how they perceive things around them.Wordsworth's works are often said to be examples of the Egotistical Sublime since his own experience of things is what he believes to be everyone's experience of things.
In conclusion，it'll be safe to say those modern﹣day poets who hold ideas like self﹣expression and sensitivity so dear to their hearts truly （15）　B　 it to Wordsworth's works to reinforce ideas so simple yet so revolutionary.
（1） A．reduce B．relate C．extend D．restore
（2） A．conflict B．touch C．cooperation D．proportion
（3） A．overworked B．overestimated C．overweight D．overnight
（4） A．ignorant B．aware C．tired D．reminded
（5） A．inspiration B．contact C．heritage D．loneliness
（6） A．perception B．qualification C．concern D．projection
（7） A．Therefore B．However C．Similarly D．Additionally
（8） A．contrast B．reference C．response D．parallel
（9） A．define B．dismiss C．advertise D．impose
（10） A．arise B．reflect C．compose D．release
（11） A．belonged B．clung C．appealed D．headed
（12） A．lack B．essence C．obligation D．decoration
（13） A．resistant B．attached C．compared D．relevant
（14） A．restricted B．burdened C．covered D．filled
（15） A．shift B．owe C．add D．channel
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了华兹华斯以其对自然和乡村的优美描写而被誉为自然诗人。
【解答】（1）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.reduce 减少；B.relate 关联；C.extend 延伸；D.restore恢复。把他的诗只联系花和树的外形像不像是不成熟的。故选B。
（2）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.conflict 冲突；B.touch 联系；C.cooperation 合作；D.proportion 比例。他的诗可以让人把精神和生活的经历联系起来。故选B。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.overworked 过度工作；B.overestimated过度评估；C.overweight 过重；D.overnight 过夜。让他们减少对机器的过度评价。故选B。
（4）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.ignorant 忽视的；B.aware知道的；C.tired 劳累的；D.reminded 提醒的。他厌倦了高深复杂的表达，所以想用一种简单的方式。be tired of厌倦。故选C。
（5）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.inspiration 灵感；B.contact 联系；C.heritage遗产；D.loneliness孤独。他从日常生活找灵感。故选A。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.perception 看法；B.qualification 资格；C.concern 关心；D.projection预测。他只是表达对事实和漂亮的看法和经历。故选A。
（7）B.考查副词及语境理解。A.Therefore 因此；B.However 然而；C.Similarly 同样地；D.Additionally此外。但是诗人和普通人对周围发生的事情更加敏锐。故选B。
（8）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.contrast 对比；B.reference 参考；C.response 回应；D.parallel平行。诗人对外界发生的事情反应和感受更加深刻。故选C。
（9）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.define 定义；B.dismiss 解雇；C.advertise 做广告；D.impose 强制推行。他把诗定义为一种流动的强烈的感受。define sth as...把...定义为。故选A。
（10）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.arise 出现；B.reflect反应；C.compose 作曲；D.release 释放。当他的感受出现的时候，他很快捕捉到并整理好写出来。故选A。
（11）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.belonged 属于；B.clung 粘；C.appealed 吸引；D.headed 前往。他被普通日常的语言所吸引。故选C。
（12）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.lack缺乏；B.essence 精华；C.obligation责任；D.decoration 装饰。但是他没有失去精简的精华。故选B。
（13）B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.resistant抵制的；B.attached 热爱的；C.compared 比较的；D.relevant 相关的。他很重视自己的主观看法。故选B。
（14）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.restricted 限制；B.burdened负担；C.covered覆盖；D.filled 充满。他的诗总是充满了自己的想象和看法。故选D。
（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.shift变换；B.owe 归因于；C.add 增加；D.channel引导。那些忠于自己内心想法的人要归功于他的作品。owe to归因于。故选B。
【点评】完形填空题旨在考查学生综合运用语言知识的能力。做此题时必须通篇考虑，先掌握大意，再综合运用所学词汇、语法及常识进行推理判断。通读全文，了解大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，充分利用各种线索答。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致，选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
四．阅读理解（共3小题）
4．（2024秋 长宁区校级期末）More than a decade ago，cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz，both then at Vanderbilt University，found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning．" The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction．Shockingly，the two groups came up with plans of similar quality（although the college students had better spelling skills）．From the standpoint of a traditional educator，this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction，major scientific ideas．
The researchers decided to go deeper，however．They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans．On this task，they found large differences．College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their habitats．Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles （"How big are they？" and "What do they eat？"）．The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions，the cornerstone（最重要部分）of critical thinking．They had learned how to learn．
Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools．At the Exploratorium in San Francisco we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry．We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if？" and "How can？" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration，they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit﹣asking more questions，performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results．Specifically，their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit．Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try，they tended to include both cause and effect in their question．Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits．
This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings．Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools．Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum．But people must acquire this skill somewhere，Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment，say，or what we must do about global energy needs and demands．For that，we have an informal learning system that gives no grades，takes all comers，and is available even on holidays and weekends．
（1）What is traditional educators interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph？ 　D　
A．Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems．
B．College students are no better than fifth grader in memorizing facts．
C．Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues．
D．Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas．
（2）College students are different from children in that 　A　 ？
A．they have learned to think critically．
B．they are concerned about social issues．
C．they are curious about specific features．
D．they have learned to work independently．
（3）What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers？ 　B　
A．It arouses students' interest in things around them．
B．It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries．
C．It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments．
D．It helps students realize not every question has an answer．
（4）At the end of the passage the author seems to encourage educators to 　C　 ．
A．train students to think about global issues
B．design more interactive classroom activities
C．make full use of informal learning resources
D．include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文讲述了通过研究调查表明，非正式学习更能培养学生的批判性思考能力，而博物馆和其他非正式学习机构可能比学校更适合教授这种技能．
【解答】（1）D．细节理解题．根据第一段的最后一句" From the standpoint of a traditional educator，this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction，major scientific ideas．从传统教育者的角度来看，这个结果表明学校教育并没有让学生去思考生态系统和生物灭绝这样的重要的科学概念．可知教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想．故选D．
（2）A．细节理解题．根据第二段" On this task，they found large differences．College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their habitats．Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles （"How big are they？" and "What do they eat？"） The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions，the cornerstone（最重要部分）of critical thinking．They had learned how to learn．在这项任务中，他们发现了很大的差异．大学生们关注的是鹰和它们的栖息地之间相互依赖的关键问题．五年级的学生们倾向于关注鹰个体的特征（"它们有多大？"和"它们吃什么？"）大学生们已经培养了提问的能力，以及批判性思维的基石．他们学会了如何学习．"可知，大学生具有了批判性思考的能力．故选A．
（3）B．细节理解题．根据第三段的第三句" We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if？" and "How can？" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration，they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit﹣asking more questions，performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results．在接下来的研究中，如果没有人能更好地回答他们的问题，我们应该如何更好地回答他们的问题，并且在接下来的实验中，没有人能够更好地回答他们的问题和解释．"该句表明"这些问题可以让人更加具有疑问精神，比如问更多问题、进行更多 实验等"，因此B选项最为匹配．故选B．
（4）C．推理判断题．根据最后一段"This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings．Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools．Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum．But people must acquire this skill somewhere，Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment，say，or what we must do about global energy needs and demands．For that，we have an informal learning system that gives no grades，takes all comers，and is available even on holidays and weekends．这种类型的学习并不局限于博物馆或机构环境．非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败．也许许多老师没有足够的时间让学生形成和追求他们自己的问题，课程中有太多的内容需要覆盖．但人们必须在某个地方获得这种技能，我们的社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定，比如说，或者我们必须对全球能源需求做什么．为此，我们有一个非正式的学习系统，不给分数，接受所有来访者，甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用．" 可知在文章的最后，作者似乎鼓励教育工作者充分利用非正式学习资源．故选C．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
5．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
（1）Why is there a personal checklist in the advertisement？ 　D　
A.To help readers self﹣check their degree of aging.
B.To teach readers how to slow the natural aging process.
C.To urge readers to take their own health issues more seriously.
D.To make readers aware of how much the product can help them.
（2）Which of the following is NOT the safety feature of a Safe Step Tub？ 　B　
A.Low step﹣in.
B.Heated seat and back.
C.Grab bars.
D.Anti﹣slip tub floor.
（3）If a customer calls 1﹣888﹣380﹣9164 today，he can 　C　 .
A.have a ＄1500 discount when he buys any bathroom fittings
B.get ＄1500 back for the walk﹣in tub he bought last year.
C.save ＄1500 when buying a new Safe Step Walk﹣In Tub.
D.change the Walk﹣In Tub for a shower room for free.
【答案】DBC
【分析】本文为一篇应用文，讲的是推销步入式安全浴缸的广告，介绍了浴缸的好处及限时优惠政策。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据文中So what's keeping you from having a better quality of life？Check all the conditions that apply to you.（那么，是什么阻碍了你获得更高质量的生活呢？检查所有适用于你的条件。）及 personal checklist和Then read on to learn how a Safe Step Walk﹣In Tub can help. （然后继续往下读，了解安全步步入式浴缸是如何提供帮助的。）可知，广告里有个人清单是让读者意识到产品对他们有多大的帮助。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中Safety features—Low step﹣in，grab bars and more can help you bathe safely and maintain your independence.（安全功能﹣低的台阶，抓杆和更多可以帮助你洗澡安全，保持你的独立性。）及图片中包含的Anti﹣slip tub floor（防滑浴盆地板）可知，安全台阶浴缸的安全功能不包含Heated seat and back（加热座椅和靠背）。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后一个方框里的信息Call today and receive exclusive savings of ＄1500 OFF.（今天致电，可享1500美元的独家优惠。）及Call 1﹣888﹣380﹣9164.可知，如果客户今天拨打1﹣888﹣380﹣9164，可在购买新的安全步步入式浴缸时节省1500美元。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
6．（2024春 宝山区期末） The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died，they removed the brain from his body and threw it away.The Egyptians assumed，like many people before and after them，that consciousness﹣your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain，but how exactly does this 1.5﹣kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself，experience happiness and anger，or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago？This isn't a new question.Today，however，powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought，emotion，behavior，and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought，"What's wrong with me today？I just don't feel like myself"？Perhaps you were more tired or worried than usual – but somehow，you knew that something was different about you.This self﹣awareness — the ability to think about yourself and how you're feeling﹣is an important part of being human.
This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex ﹣a region of your brain just behind your forehead that extends to about your ears.Before this area began to function （around age two），you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity.As this part of your brain developed，you became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others，we don't all have the same emotional response to every situation.In fact，most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.The smell of freshly cut grass，for example，will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside，but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm.Once an emotional association like this is made，it is very difficult to reverse it."Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain，"says psychologist Paul Ekman.But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
For centuries，people have studied the brain，but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn how it works.Nevertheless，there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind's many complexities.
（1）What is the passage mainly about？ 　B　
A.How we create and control emotions.
B.How the mind works.
C.How human beings are distinct.
D.How emotions are processed.
（2）Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians' practice in the very beginning？ 　D　
A.To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B.To introduce the core theme of the mind﹣body connection and evolution.
C.To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history.
D.To contrast the ancient Egyptians' views on the brain with the modern one.
（3）Which of the following statement is NOT true？ 　A　
A.Self﹣awareness develops before the age of two.
B.The prefrontal cortex affects a person's emotions.
C.The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain.
D.Self﹣awareness strengthens with the development of the brain.
（4）What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions？ 　C　
A.Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences.
B.Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories，making them quite flexible.
C.Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person.
D.Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind，and they cannot be controlled.
【答案】BDAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了古埃及人认为大脑不重要，国王死后会将其丢弃。他们和许多其他人一样，认为意识和思想存在于心中。现在我们知道思维是大脑的产物，但这块1.5公斤的物质是如何创造出让你能思考自我、体验喜怒或记忆过去事件的大脑呢？这不是一个新问题。然而，如今强大的新技术正在改变我们对大脑及其创造的思维的理解方式。
【解答】（1）主旨大意题。根据文章第二段Today，however，powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought，emotion，behavior，and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.（然而今天，用于可视化思想、情感、行为和记忆来源的强大新技术正在改变我们理解大脑及其创造的思维的方式。）可知这篇文章主要讲述了大脑是如何工作的。故答案为B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain，but how exactly does this 1.5﹣kilo piece of matter create a mind that allows you to think about yourself，experience happiness and anger，or remember events that happened 20 minutes or 20 years ago？This isn't a new question.Today，however，powerful new techniques for visualizing the sources of thought，emotion，behavior，and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind it creates.（现在我们知道思想是大脑的产物，但这1.5 kil o的物质究竟是如何创造出一个让你思考自己、体验快乐和愤怒或记住20分钟或20年前发生的事件的思想的？这不是一个新问题。然而今天，用于可视化思想、情感、行为和记忆来源的强大新技术正在改变我们理解大脑及其创造的思维的方式。）可知作者一开始提到古埃及人的做法是为了对比古埃及人和现代人对大脑的看法。故答案为D。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Before this area began to function （around age two），you didn't understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity.（在这个区域开始运作之前（大约两岁），你不明白你是一个有自己身份的独立个体。）可知"自我意识在两岁前发展"是错误的。故答案为A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段fact，most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.The smell of freshly cut grass，for example，will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable childhood summers in the countryside，but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm.Once an emotional association like this is made，it is very difficult to reverse it."Emotion is the least flexible part of the brain，"says psychologist Paul Ekman.But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.（事实上，大多数情绪反应是习得的，并储存在我们的记忆中。举例来说，刚割下的草的气味会让在乡下度过愉快童年夏天的人产生愉快的感觉，但不会让被迫在农场长时间工作的人产生这种感觉。像这样的情感联想一旦产生，就很难逆转。心理学家保罗 艾克曼说："情感是大脑中最不灵活的部分。"。但是，我们可以通过有意识地意识到情绪的潜在原因，并且不对我们周围的事物做出自动反应，来学会控制自己的情绪。）可知这篇文章表明，情绪受到我们个人经历的影响，而且会因人而异。故答案为C。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
五．信息匹配（共1小题）
7．（2024春 杨浦区期末）
A.This urge to connect can ironically lead them to disconnect from the people they are actually with. B.By stepping away for a time，you can help keep other people's lives in perspective. C.Your mood will be easily influenced by others and your life starts to be controlled by the outside world. D.Are you missing out on something fun and exciting because you're locked into everyday life？ E.It's important to remember that what people choose to post on social media does not necessarily reflect their life overall. F.Rather than focusing on what you lack，try noticing what you have.
Fear of Missing Out
It's a common experience：You're scrolling through a social media page，and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties.Suddenly you start to wonder why you're not doing those things.（1）　D　 This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out，sometimes abbreviated FOMO.To some extent，people have always worried about missing out on things.But with the rise of social media，FOMO is becoming much more common.
Wanting to be in on the fun when exciting things are happening is completely normal.But for some people，it can lead to the constant thought of checking their phones to find out what other people are doing.Even while doing things that are fun or necessary，people can feel like there's something better going on elsewhere.（2）　A　 It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.
（3）　E　 People tend to pick and choose the things they share，so we only ever know a small part of anyone else's life.
It's also important to be humble and acknowledge your limitations.You cannot be everywhere and do everything that might be interesting or productive，and that's OK.
It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while.Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media.（4）　B　
Finally，focus on the things in front of you.Enjoy them，do them well and let everything else go.When you fully engage with life，you'll worry less about what you're not doing.
Don't let the fear of missing out cause you to miss out on the good things you have in life.Relax，enjoy what you do and let other people enjoy their lives without envying them.
【答案】DAEB
【分析】这是一篇说明文，人们往往害怕社交媒体上的信息，本文主要讲述了频繁浏览社交媒体的坏处以及如何克服过恐惧症。
【解答】（1）语境衔接题。根据上文It's a common experience：You're scrolling through a social media page，and you see pictures of friends travelling or going to parties.Suddenly you start to wonder why you're not doing those things.（这是一种常见的经历：你在浏览社交媒体页面时，看到朋友旅行或参加聚会的照片。突然间，你开始想知道为什么你不做那些事情。）结合下文This experience has come to be known as the fear of missing out，sometimes abbreviated FOMO.（这种经历被称为错过恐惧症，有时缩写为FOMO。）可知中间一句会提到你错过了一些有趣和令人兴奋的事情，所以选项D"你是否因为被束缚在日常生活中而错过了一些有趣和令人兴奋的事情？"符合语境，故选D。
（2）语境衔接题。根据上文Even while doing things that are fun or necessary，people can feel like there's something better going on elsewhere.（即使在做一些有趣或必要的事情时，人们也会觉得其他地方正在发生更好的事情。）下文It prevents them from being satisfied with the good things in their lives.（这让他们无法满足于生活中的美好事物。）可知上文说人们想去了解其他地方正在发生的事情，下文说明了这样做的坏处，所以选项A"具有讽刺意味的是，这种建立联系的冲动会导致他们与实际相处的人脱节。"符合语境，也是说明了这样做的坏处，故选A。
（3）联系下文题。根据下文People tend to pick and choose the things they share，so we only ever know a small part of anyone else's life.（人们倾向于挑选他们分享的东西，所以我们只知道别人生活的一小部分。）可知人们分享的内容并不一定能反映他们的整体生活，所以选项E"重要的是要记住，人们选择在社交媒体上发布的内容并不一定能反映他们的整体生活。"符合语境，故选E。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文It might even be necessary to turn off your phone or log out of social media for a while.Get rid of the constant reminders of everything that's happening in the world.You can even set particular times in your day to check email and social media.（甚至可能需要关闭手机或注销社交媒体一段时间。摆脱对世界上正在发生的一切的不断提醒。你甚至可以设置一天中查看电子邮件和社交媒体的特定时间。） 可知此处可能说明这样做的好处，所以选项B"离开一段时间，有助于正确看待别人的生活。"符合语境，故选B。
【点评】关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
六．翻译题（共4小题）
8．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）为什么不把料理家务作为自己的习惯呢？ （ritual）（汉译英） 　Why not make housekeeping a ritual of your own？/ Why don't you make housekeeping a ritual of your own？　
【答案】Why not make housekeeping a ritual of your own？/Why don't you make housekeeping a ritual of your own？
【分析】为什么不把料理家务作为自己的习惯呢？
【解答】根据汉语意思可知，本句为表示建议，表示建议用"why not do sth."或者"why don't you"；"成为"用make；"料理家务"名词为housekeeping；"习惯"为ritual；"自己的"用 of one's own。
故翻译为：Why not make housekeeping a ritual of your own？/Why don't you make housekeeping a ritual of your own？
【点评】汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，按照适当的语序来翻译。
9．（2024春 杨浦区期末）尽管电动车着火事故频频发生，但发展新能源汽车依然是大势所趋。（occurrence） 　Despite the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire，the development of new energy vehicles remains an irresistible trend.　
【答案】Despite the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire，the development of new energy vehicles remains an irresistible trend.
【分析】尽管电动车着火事故频频发生，但发展新能源汽车依然是大势所趋。
【解答】"尽管电动车着火事故频频发生"用介词despite+名词短语作状语，"电动车着火事故频频发生"译为the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire；"发展新能源汽车"作主语，译为the development of new energy vehicles；"依然是"作谓语，译为remain，此处用单三形式；"大势所趋。"作宾语，译为an irresistible trend。
故填：Despite the frequent occurrence of electric vehicle fire，the development of new energy vehicles remains an irresistible trend.
【点评】本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、词汇和语法知识，来选择合适的单词或者短语，组合成正确的句子。
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助，是拥有获得内心平静的关键。（key） 　Having a balanced life，having time to socialize with friends，and even reaching out to a therapist，is the key to having inner peace.　
【答案】Having a balanced life，having time to socialize with friends，and even reaching out to a therapist，is the key to having inner peace.
【分析】拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助，是拥有获得内心平静的关键。
【解答】"拥有平衡的生活，有时间和朋友社交，甚至向治疗师求助"使用三个动名词短语并列作主语，译为Having a balanced life，having time to socialize with friends，and even reaching out to a therapist；"是……的关键"用短语be the key to，动名词作主语，be动词用is；"拥有获得内心平静"作介词to的宾语，译为having inner peace。
故填：Having a balanced life，having time to socialize with friends，and even reaching out to a therapist，is the key to having inner peace.
【点评】本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、词汇和语法知识，来选择合适的单词或者短语，组合成正确的句子。
11．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）意识到他的自负和无能已经带来了严重后果，这位外科医生显然忐忑不安，他额头上的汗水正是焦虑的迹象。（stomach；使用独立主格结构） 　Realizing that his arrogance and incompetence had brought serious consequences，the surgeon obviously had

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