资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
上海市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
一．选择题（共10小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）A study of the carbon footprint of large AI models shows that training a single AI model could result in carbon emission five times the average American car in its lifetime.（　　）
A．what B．/ C．that of D．as much
2．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）The newly﹣issued law ______ manufacturers to label products with clear nutritional information，and this puts a lot of ______ on food producers：they need to reformulate recipes and update packaging accordingly.（　　）
A．demands…requirements
B．requires…demands
C．requests….drains
D．urges…emphases
3．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末） We often talk a great deal about English language teaching， that it is the learning that really matters.（　　）
A． forgetting B． to forgot
C． having forgotten D． to have forgotten
4．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）New York City's three library systems closed their doors at 3：30pm Wednesday，a few hours earlier than ___________ ，because of deteriorating air quality conditions，according to spokeswomen for the agencies.（　　）
A． average B． common C． normal D． ordinary
5．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）The visiting students were required to___________ their passes issued by the administrative office before they left the school.（　　）
A． turn back B． turn in C． turn out D． turn up
6．（2023春 奉贤区校级期末）—Did Jack come back early last night？
—Yes，It was not yet eight o'clock _____ he arrived home.（　　）
A．when B．that C．before D．until
7．（2022春 杨浦区校级期末）—Michael called to say he wasn't coming.
— _______ !You can't rely on him for anything!（　　）
A．Influential B．Remarkable
C．Typical D．Conclusive
8．（2022春 奉贤区校级期末）The Dragon Tower，from ________ top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin，attracts hundreds of tourists every day.（　　）
A．which B．whose C．its D．where
9．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末） The consequences of cyber﹣attacks can ______ beyond financial losses，affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security.（　　）
A．extend B．stretch C．exceed D．cover
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Observing that he was not ______ enough in his academic pursuits，he ______ for another course，seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study.（　　）
A．challenged…enrolled
B．motivated…registered
C．stretched…signed up
D．charged…entered
二．完形填空（共1小题）
11．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）Like it or hate it，when Kim Kardashian wears something，people take notice.With the reality TV star wearing secondhand Azzedine Alaia to Paris fashion week，secondhand Jean Paul Gaultier to a party and a secondhand 1990s Thierry Mugler gown to an award ceremony，it（1）　 　 change is happening.Who would have thought that Kardashian ﹣﹣﹣ a woman worth ＄350 m （￡270 m） ﹣﹣﹣ would be making a case for sustainable fashion？
As consumers become increasingly aware of the（2）　 　 impact of fashion，they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop.Could（3）　 　 secondhand be the answer？
Vintage（复古风格），it seems，is increasingly（4）　 　 .High﹣end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage，which uses antique textiles to create new clothes.Octavia Bradford，the womenswear buyer for Browns，says： "（5）　 　 is the loudest conversation in fashion right now."
A study shows that，last year，64% of women were willing to buy pre﹣owned pieces compared with 45% in 2016 ﹣﹣﹣ and（6）　 　 ，by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand.Fashion circularity，a new term referring to the recycled life of clothes，is（7）　 　 to reach ＄51 bn in five years，up from the current ＄24 bn，according to ThredUp's annual resale report.
Stella McClure，the founder of the online shop The Stellar Boutique，has noticed a（8）　 　 .When she opened the shop 20 years ago "there was still（9）　 　 attached.But now （thankfully） The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable ﹣﹣﹣ it's cool and has completely（10）　 　 the fashion trends." she says.
Apart from people's increased（11）　 　 of sustainability，vintage fashion fits neatly into the wider mood of the Instagram age，where authenticity and originality ﹣﹣﹣not being seen in the same outfit as anyone else﹣﹣﹣ are（12）　 　 .What better ways to stand out than to wear clothes few others are likely to own？
Not（13）　 　 to sit back and watch others profit from their vintage items，some luxury labels are relaunching decades﹣old designs from their own archives.Last year，（14）　 　 ，Dior brought back its saddle bag because of the attention it was getting in the vintage fashion market.However，for some，buying vintage will never feel quite right. "It's really not my bag，" says Bates. "There are obvious（15）　 　 ﹣﹣﹣ sizing isn't uniform，and you have to be careful to look for holes and rips."
（1） A．suggests B．maintains C．calculates D．advocates
（2） A．cultural B．historical C．environmental D．emotional
（3） A．distributing B．buying C．controlling D．decreasing
（4） A．in fashion B．in effect C．out of date D．in power
（5） A．Originality B．Technology C．Profit D．Sustainability
（6） A．legally B．appropriately C．likely D．undoubtedly
（7） A．required B．projected C．guaranteed D．warned
（8） A．symptom B．field C．tradition D．shift
（9） A．satisfaction B．excitement C．shame D．fascination
（10） A．broken B．defined C．captured D．challenged
（11） A．potential B．awareness C．lack D．power
（12） A．reversed B．questioned C．ensured D．valued
（13） A．considerate B．content C．stressful D．adventurous
（14） A．for instance B．as a result C．by contrast D．in addition
（15） A．expectations B．policies C．traps D．reminders
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
12．（2024春 宝山区校级期末） The clothes we choose to wear serve as an access to our cultural heritage，societal standing，and personal inclinations.Let us embark on a captivating journey through the myriad （迷宫） of clothing across various cultures.
In Western realms，a leisure attitude towards attire dominates daily life.Informal ensembles （全套服装） featuring jeans，T﹣shirts，and sneakers reign supreme，embodying a principal of comfort and ease.The blend of casual and laid﹣back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self﹣expression.This approach to clothing allows individuals to effortlessly stay in comfort with personal style，creating a harmonious balance between ease and individuality in their everyday wardrobes.
Conversely，traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism.For instance，in Japan，where the ceremonial kimonos dominate special events or festivities，featuring intricate designs and vibrant hues，a rich cultural legacy woven into the fabric.India's sarees mirror a vibrant mosaic influenced by regional traditions and ceremonial customs.The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover.
In some Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia，women gracefully envelop themselves in abayas，long black robes that enshroud their forms entirely.This strict dress code，steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals，conveys values of female modesty and respect for males.Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas，which are long，loose﹣fitting robes typically worn with a head covering.These garments are not only practical for the region's climate but also reflect the wearer's background，social status，and personal preferences.
Across diverse African residences，clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage.The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures.In native communities，attire transcends its utilitarian purpose，emerging as a channel to nature and spirituality.
At its essence，clothing transcends me re fabric and stitches；it embodies our cultural ethos，traditions，and identities.Delving into the diverse sartorial landscapes across cultures enables us to embrace and celebrate the tapestry of our shared global community in all its richness and diversity.
（1）What account for Westerners' leisure attitude towards dressing？ 　 　
A.respect for authority and formality
B.justification of staying different
C.pressure from busy daily routines
D.emphasis of practicality and personality
（2）How do traditional garments like kimonos and sarees reflect the cultural values of Asian countries？ 　 　
A.They reflect traditionalism and hidden individuality
B.They reveal the challenge to expression of personality
C.They show the denial female charm on a social scale
D.They represent the refusal of sticking to formality
（3）What's the difference in dress code for women and men in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia？ 　 　
A.Women wear long clothes for warmth while men do this to protect against sunshine
B.Women wear loose clothes for the sake of comfortableness while men seldom do this
C.Women cover themselves to show humility while men do this to show status
D.Women envelop themselves to stay elegant while men do this to be handsome
（4）Which of the following piece of clothes best represents a typical African one？ 　 　
A.
B.
C.
D.
13．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）
Flying high with AQUILA! January issue：Rocket Science It's all systems go for 2024!Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton's laws of motion，and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS：meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the 'space race' excited and inspired 20th﹣century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8﹣12 year﹣olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA
AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children，and it has a great line﹣up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself.
From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind，this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought﹣provoking mix of Science，Arts and General Knowledge. What's special about AQUILA？ AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand ﹣ it is more like a cub for inquisitive kids.They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them ﹣kind，creative and curious.Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun；readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What's inside？ AQUILA takes an in﹣depth look at a new topic every month；the editorial is both witty and intelligent，with articles written and researched by educational specialists.Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams，photos and contemporary artworks.
More subscription options：www.AQUILA.co.uk TEL：01323431313
（1）The distinctive feature of AQUIILA is that it offers readers 　 　 .
A.inspiring ideas of mankind
B.a sense of belonging
C.articles with beautiful illustration
D.knowledge routinely taught in schools
（2）Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA's content？ 　 　
A.Editors' views are presented in a serious manner.
B.It deals primarily with technological breakthrough.
C.Its content is closely linked to school curriculums.
D.One can view online some of AQUILA's content.
（3）What can we learn from the leaflet？ 　 　
A.AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers.
B.Subscription for a year cost an Asian ?70.
C.Long gift messages may lead to extra charge.
D.Payment can only be made via bank card.
14．（2023春 普陀区校级期末） So few adults can remember the details of their own preschool or kindergarten years，it can be hard to appreciate just how much the early﹣education landscape has been transformed over the past two decades.The changes are not restricted to the physical environment of classrooms.Teaching methods and curricula have changed too.Much greater parts of the day are now spent on what's called "seatwork"（a term that probably doesn't need any explanation） and direct instruction，formerly used mainly in the older grades，in which a teacher carefully controls the content and pacing of what a child is supposed to learn.
One study，titled "Is Kindergarten the New First Grade？" compared kindergarten teachers' attitudes nationwide in 1998 and 2010 and found that the percentage of teachers expecting children to know how to read by the end of the year had risen from 30 to 80 percent.The researchers also reported more time spent with workbooks and worksheets，and less time devoted to music and art. Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade，the authors concluded.In turn，children who would once have used the kindergarten year as a gentle transition into school are in some cases being held back before they've had a chance to start.
Until recently，school﹣readiness skills weren't high on anyone's agenda，nor was the idea that the youngest learners might be disqualified from moving on to the next stage.But now that kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper， not a welcome mat，to elementary school，concerns about school preparedness kick in earlier and earlier.A child who's supposed to read by the end of kindergarten had better be getting ready in preschool.As a result，expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5﹣ and 6﹣year﹣olds，such as being able to sit at a desk and complete a task using pencil and paper，are now directed at even younger children，who Jack the motor skills and attention span to be successful.
Preschool classrooms have become increasingly difficult spaces，with teachers asking pre﹣schoolers to finish their "work" before they can go play.And yet，even as pre﹣schoolers are learning more pre﹣academic skills at earlier ages，I've heard many teachers say that they seem somehow less curious and less engaged than the kids of earlier generations.More children today seem to lack the language skills needed to retell a simple story or to use basic connecting words and prepositions.They can't make a conceptual analogy between，say，the veins（纹理） on a leaf and the veins in their own hands.
That's right.The same educational policies that are publishing academic goals down to ever earlier levels seem to be contributing to the fact that young children are gaining fewer skills，not more.
（1）What can be inferred from the sentence "Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade"？ 　 　
A．Kindergarten is going to replace the first grade in the future.
B．Kindergarten kids are asked to learn what first﹣graders learn.
C．Today's kindergarten kids are smarter than first graders in the past.
D．Some kids choose to skip kindergarten to go to the first grade directly.
（2）By "kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper"，the writer implies that some kindergarten kids 　 　 .
A．might not be able to go to the kindergarten
B．are worried about their school﹣readiness skills
C．are not allowed to move on to elementary school
D．think of the kindergarten year as a gentle transition
（3）What idea does the writer intend to convey in Paragraph 4？ 　 　
A．Pre﹣schoolers need to be academically prepared.
B．Preschool teachers are not as kind as they used to be.
C．Today's preschool education doesn't prove successful.
D．Children pick up their first language later than before.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ 　 　
A．What Preschool Kids Should Be Taught
B．How the New Preschool Is Damaging Kids
C．Why We Should Take Preschoolers Seriously
D．Who Is to Blame for Preschoolers' Lack of Skills
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
15．（2023春 黄浦区期末）
A.Therefore，the teachers we worked with remarked that lessons are typically focused on the physical processes of climate change. B.However，at present，much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change，often at a global scale. C.The next stages of our research will reflect how a separated community has come together through this journey towards climate literacy. D.Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change. E.This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.
How to Improve Climate Literacy
Climate literacy is the ability to identify，understand and explain information associated with climate science.（1）　 　
Over the past few years，many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula.So what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed school timetables？
True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change，but also issues of climate （in）justice，including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.
（2）　 　 Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people，with less relevance to their own lives.
（3）　 　 We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.
One way to do this is through visual storytelling.Storytelling，often involving drawings and paintings，has been used by human communities to pass on knowledge or tales of caution for at least 30，000 years — as you can see from the cave painting.
One effect of storytelling is its ability to create cognitive dissonance：the mental conflict and discomfort felt when a person's behaviour isn't in line with their beliefs.Stories that demonstrate the consequences of not acting eco﹣consciously — especially if those consequences are shown visually — can be a good way to do this，leading to individuals being more likely to take climate action in their own lives or by confronting corporate activities.
五．选词填空（共1小题）
16．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）
A．maximum B．source C．keeping D．complex E.sound F.excessive G.simplest H.appeal I.highlight J.streamlining K.core
MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood，calling for a return to simplicity in daily life.Our aim was —and still is —to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy，modern，urban lifestyle.These things must be made from good， （1）　 　 materials，with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price.Our clothes must feel good on，our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use.This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can't use—i.e.added extras and fancy packaging.So，at MUJI you'll find no （2）　 　 prices，just simple，sound products you can afford，so simple in fact，they don't even carry a brand name.This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded，expensively designed，over packaged goods.
At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different.Moreover，our products are made from materials which we （3）　 　 on a global scale，not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material，wherever it comes from.Using these superior materials，we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent （4）　 　 ，both of the material they're made from and the products themselves.Finally，we present our products in the （5）　 　 of packaging —if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are.As a result，the quality and credence of each product are self﹣evident.As life gets more （6）　 　 ，the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary.To find these，look no further than MUJI.
The Company's basic principle is to develop new simple products at reasonable prices by making the best use of materials while considering environmental issues.Through the careful selection of materials， （7）　 　 manufacturing processes and simplifying our packaging，we have continually introduced high quality MUJI brand products onto the market，at lower than usual prices.For the materials，the （8）　 　 selection criteria is always quality.These activities underpin our ability to create low﹣priced，high﹣quality products.
When packaging products，MUJI seeks not to decorate them but rather to （9）　 　 their natural colors and shapes.For this reason，we use bulk packaging and place products in plain，uniform containers.Faithful to our philosophy of simplicity，this approach is also in （10）　 　 with our policy of conserving resources and reducing waste.Thus，all MUJI products appear on store shelves in simple packaging bearing only product﹣related information and a price tag.
六．翻译题（共4小题）
17．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）你带了这么多不需要的东西，难怪你的行李超重了。（pack） 　 　
18．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）这件纯手工打造的刺绣品凝聚了几代人的心血，细节处臻于完善，因此只有在结婚纪念日这样的特殊场合才能佩戴。（perfect） （汉译英） 　 　
19．（2024春 黄浦区期末）如果全中国的学校教材每年被循环使用一年，节约的费用可以援建约4万所希望小学。（cost） 　 　
20．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末）那个海边城市以美丽的自然风光闻名海内外，是游客们沐浴阳光，逃离都市喧嚣的首选。（soak） 　 　
七．书面表达（共2小题）
21．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）
Cosmetic Surgeries Get Extreme
Everyone goes through it：poking at the eye bags and the loose skin in the mirror.It's part of the human condition to fear ageing，but among the 20 and 30 something，there seems to be a heightened anxiety around growing older，coupled with an increasingly casual attitude towards getting Botox（肉毒素，用于除皱）compared with previous generations.In 2022，27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger，compared with 21% in 2015，according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery.The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start.
So why are we so desperate to pretend we're not growing older？For my generation，being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor.It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison.And in a time of economic uncertainty，millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood，so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me.For women，our looks are aesthetic capital after all﹣﹣and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success.
But these treatments often don't come with warnings；it's up to the consumer to research potential pitfalls（陷阱）.Botched（粗制滥造的）cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise，with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners.Last month，three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin，when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of，which caused understandable alarm worldwide.
One friend who loves Botox said to me recently： "I can't stay 28 for ever，but the aim is to look 28 forever." I'm trying to reject the message that it's wrong for women to look their true age.It can be hard to tune out the noise，but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self﹣doubt，expensive treatments or even regret.I think I'll stick with the eye bags.
22．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）假设你是旦华中学高一学生李明，鉴于最近校内有数名学生在体育课上受伤，学校英语报针对这一情况开展主题为"如何提高学生身体素质"的征文活动。写一篇投稿，内容须包括：
（1）两条有助于改善身体素质的建议；
（2）你提出这些建议的理由。
上海市2024-2025学年高一下学期英语期末模拟预测卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共10小题）
1．（2024春 浦东新区校级期末）A study of the carbon footprint of large AI models shows that training a single AI model could result in carbon emission five times the average American car in its lifetime.（　　）
A．what B．/ C．that of D．as much
【答案】C
【分析】研究表明，训练一个大型人工智能模型可能产生的碳排放量是普通美国汽车在其整个使用寿命期间碳排放量的五倍。
【解答】分析句意，横线处应该指代的是carbon emission，当表示特指某个事物，并且并不是同一个时，应该使用that来指代。
故选：C。
【点评】使用"the size/length/weight/...+of+比较对象"这个结构来描述比较的基准，这里的"size/length/weight/..."要与题目所给的具体属性相对应。考查代词的用法。做题时先弄清每个代词不同的用法，再结合句意及用法选出最佳选项。
2．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）The newly﹣issued law ______ manufacturers to label products with clear nutritional information，and this puts a lot of ______ on food producers：they need to reformulate recipes and update packaging accordingly.（　　）
A．demands…requirements
B．requires…demands
C．requests….drains
D．urges…emphases
【答案】A
【分析】新颁布的法律要求制造商在产品标签上注明明确的营养信息，这对食品生产商提出了很多要求：他们需要重新制定配方，并相应地更新包装。
【解答】demand要求，语气更强硬；require需要；request请求；urge催促，力劝；requirements要求；demands命令；drains排水沟；emphases强调。根据语境可知，第一空表示法律要求，demand符合语境；根据句意可知，此处表示对食品生产商提出了很多要求，应用名词requirements。
故选：A。
【点评】弄清楚各个选项的含义并区别各个单词之间的差异，了解某些词的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
3．（2023春 浦东新区校级期末） We often talk a great deal about English language teaching， that it is the learning that really matters.（　　）
A． forgetting B． to forgot
C． having forgotten D． to have forgotten
【答案】A
【分析】我们经常讨论很多关于英语语言教学，忘记了是学习真的重要。
【解答】分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语，主语we和forget是主动关系，所以这里使用现在分词作伴随状语。
故选：A。
【点评】考查非谓语时，要分析所给动词和相关名词之间的逻辑关系，是主动关系，一般用现在分词，如果是被动关系，一般用过去分词。
4．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）New York City's three library systems closed their doors at 3：30pm Wednesday，a few hours earlier than ___________ ，because of deteriorating air quality conditions，according to spokeswomen for the agencies.（　　）
A． average B． common C． normal D． ordinary
【答案】C
【分析】纽约市三个图书馆系统的发言人表示，由于空气质量状况恶化，该系统于周三下午3：30关门，比正常时间提前了几个小时。
【解答】A.average平均的；B.common常见的；C.normal正常的；D.ordinary普通的。根据句意和a few hours earlier than可知这里表示"比正常时间提前了几个小时"。
故选：C。
【点评】解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型，要分析句子结构，理解句意，考虑语境，选择恰当词。切忌：粗心大意，惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证，得出答案。
5．（2023春 宝山区校级期末）The visiting students were required to___________ their passes issued by the administrative office before they left the school.（　　）
A． turn back B． turn in C． turn out D． turn up
【答案】B
【分析】来访的学生必须在离开学校前交上行政办公室颁发的通行证。
【解答】A.turn back转身；B.turn in上交；C.turn out结果是；D.turn up出现。根据句意和their passes可知，这里表示"上交通行证"。
故选：B。
【点评】解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生做此类题型，要分析句子结构，理解句意，考虑语境，选择恰当词。切忌：粗心大意，惯性判断。要注意细心分析验证，得出答案。
6．（2023春 奉贤区校级期末）—Did Jack come back early last night？
—Yes，It was not yet eight o'clock _____ he arrived home.（　　）
A．when B．that C．before D．until
【答案】A
【分析】—Jack昨晚回来的早吗？
—是的，他回家时还不到八点。
【解答】根据前面的问句Did Jack come back early last night可知，是询问是否早回来，根据回答yes可知，应该是说明回来的具体时间，所以用when来引导时间状语从句。本题易误选D，"not…until"的结构表示"直到…才"如用在答语中就答非所问，而要改为"It was not until eight o'clock that he arrived home"，表明回来的晚了，和前面的题干矛盾；选B项看作强调句型不合适，应改为It was at eight o'clock that he arrived home.也不符合句子的语境，均可排除；只有A项正确。
故选：A。
【点评】构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that，who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that，who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ……，其余的时态用It is ……。
7．（2022春 杨浦区校级期末）—Michael called to say he wasn't coming.
— _______ !You can't rely on him for anything!（　　）
A．Influential B．Remarkable
C．Typical D．Conclusive
【答案】C
【分析】﹣迈克尔打电话说他不来了。
﹣不出所料！你什么都不能依赖他！
【解答】A．Influential有很大影响的；有支配力的；B．Remarkable非凡的；显著的；C．Typical典型的；有代表性的；不出所料；D．Conclusive决定性的；结论性的。结合句意，﹣迈克尔打电话说他不来了。﹣不出所料！你什么都不能依赖他！C符合语意。
故选：C。
【点评】本题考查形容词意思的辨析，弄清楚各个形容词的意思，准确的翻译出句子和备选答案，然后找到符合题意的选项。
8．（2022春 奉贤区校级期末）The Dragon Tower，from ________ top visitors can enjoy a good sight of Harbin，attracts hundreds of tourists every day.（　　）
A．which B．whose C．its D．where
【答案】B
【分析】龙塔每天吸引着数百名游客，从它的顶端游客可以欣赏到哈尔滨的美景。
【解答】根据句子结构分析可知，该空考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Dragon Tower，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词top，故用关系代词whose。
故选：B。
【点评】了解句意，熟悉句子结构分析，理清主句与从句之间的关系，熟练掌握引导从句的关联词的用法。
9．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末） The consequences of cyber﹣attacks can ______ beyond financial losses，affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security.（　　）
A．extend B．stretch C．exceed D．cover
【答案】C
【分析】网络攻击的后果可能不仅仅是经济损失，还会影响公众对数字系统的信任，危及敏感数据的安全。
【解答】A.extend（时间、空间）延伸；B.stretch拉伸；C.exceed超过，超出；D.cover覆盖。根据句意"可能不仅仅是经济损失"空处意思应该是"超出"，C项正确。
故选：C。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析，弄清楚各个动词的含义以及特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
10．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）Observing that he was not ______ enough in his academic pursuits，he ______ for another course，seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study.（　　）
A．challenged…enrolled
B．motivated…registered
C．stretched…signed up
D．charged…entered
【答案】B
【分析】观察到他在学术追求上没有足够的动力，他注册了另一门课程，寻求突破他的智力极限，并对他的研究领域有更深入的了解。
【解答】A.challenged挑战，enrolled登记；B.motivated激发，registered注册；C.stretched伸展，signed up报名参加；D.charged要价，entered进入。根据句意"观察到他在学术追求上没有足够的动力"可知第一个横线处意思应该是"激励，激发"，register for"注册，选课"为动词短语，根据"for another course"可知register符合句意，B项正确。
故选：B。
【点评】考查动词和动词短语辨析，弄清楚各个单词和短语的含义，并结合语境和固定短语选择正确答案。
二．完形填空（共1小题）
11．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）Like it or hate it，when Kim Kardashian wears something，people take notice.With the reality TV star wearing secondhand Azzedine Alaia to Paris fashion week，secondhand Jean Paul Gaultier to a party and a secondhand 1990s Thierry Mugler gown to an award ceremony，it（1）　A　 change is happening.Who would have thought that Kardashian ﹣﹣﹣ a woman worth ＄350 m （￡270 m） ﹣﹣﹣ would be making a case for sustainable fashion？
As consumers become increasingly aware of the（2）　C　 impact of fashion，they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop.Could（3）　B　 secondhand be the answer？
Vintage（复古风格），it seems，is increasingly（4）　A　 .High﹣end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage，which uses antique textiles to create new clothes.Octavia Bradford，the womenswear buyer for Browns，says： "（5）　D　 is the loudest conversation in fashion right now."
A study shows that，last year，64% of women were willing to buy pre﹣owned pieces compared with 45% in 2016 ﹣﹣﹣ and（6）　C　 ，by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand.Fashion circularity，a new term referring to the recycled life of clothes，is（7）　B　 to reach ＄51 bn in five years，up from the current ＄24 bn，according to ThredUp's annual resale report.
Stella McClure，the founder of the online shop The Stellar Boutique，has noticed a（8）　D　 .When she opened the shop 20 years ago "there was still（9）　C　 attached.But now （thankfully） The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable ﹣﹣﹣ it's cool and has completely（10）　C　 the fashion trends." she says.
Apart from people's increased（11）　B　 of sustainability，vintage fashion fits neatly into the wider mood of the Instagram age，where authenticity and originality ﹣﹣﹣not being seen in the same outfit as anyone else﹣﹣﹣ are（12）　D　 .What better ways to stand out than to wear clothes few others are likely to own？
Not（13）　B　 to sit back and watch others profit from their vintage items，some luxury labels are relaunching decades﹣old designs from their own archives.Last year，（14）　A　 ，Dior brought back its saddle bag because of the attention it was getting in the vintage fashion market.However，for some，buying vintage will never feel quite right. "It's really not my bag，" says Bates. "There are obvious（15）　C　 ﹣﹣﹣ sizing isn't uniform，and you have to be careful to look for holes and rips."
（1） A．suggests B．maintains C．calculates D．advocates
（2） A．cultural B．historical C．environmental D．emotional
（3） A．distributing B．buying C．controlling D．decreasing
（4） A．in fashion B．in effect C．out of date D．in power
（5） A．Originality B．Technology C．Profit D．Sustainability
（6） A．legally B．appropriately C．likely D．undoubtedly
（7） A．required B．projected C．guaranteed D．warned
（8） A．symptom B．field C．tradition D．shift
（9） A．satisfaction B．excitement C．shame D．fascination
（10） A．broken B．defined C．captured D．challenged
（11） A．potential B．awareness C．lack D．power
（12） A．reversed B．questioned C．ensured D．valued
（13） A．considerate B．content C．stressful D．adventurous
（14） A．for instance B．as a result C．by contrast D．in addition
（15） A．expectations B．policies C．traps D．reminders
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。人们越来越意识到时尚对环境的影响，他们正在寻找一种可持续的着装方式，这使得复古装变得流行起来。
【解答】（1）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.suggests建议；表明；B.maintains保留；C.calculates计算；D.advocates主张。根据前文对卡戴珊穿二手服装走秀和出席活动的描述以及后文"Who would have thought that Kardashian ﹣﹣﹣ a woman worth ＄350 m （￡270 m） ﹣﹣﹣ would be making a case for sustainable fashion？"（谁能想到卡戴珊﹣﹣﹣一个身价3.5亿美元的女性﹣﹣﹣会为可持续时尚代言？）可知，这表明变化正在发生。故选A项。
（2）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.cultural文化的；B.historical历史的；C.environmental环境的；D.emotional情绪的。根据后文的"they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop"他们正在寻找一种更可持续的购物方式。这说明时尚对环境产生了影响。故选C项。
（3）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.distributing分配；B.buying买；C.controlling控制；D.decreasing减少。根据上句"looking for a more sustainable way to shop"寻找一种更可持续的购物方式和下文secondhand二手货。可知，这里指买二手货。故选B项。
（4）A．考查介词短语及语境理解。A.in fashion流行；B.in effect生效；C.out of date过时；D.in power当权。根据本空后的"High﹣end boutique Browns has also just launched the label One Vintage，which uses antique textiles to create new clothes. "（高端精品店Browns也刚刚推出了品牌One Vintage，该品牌使用古色古香的纺织品来制作新衣服。）以及第5空后的"the loudest conversation in fashion right now"现在时尚界最热门的话题，可知，复古风越来越流行。故选A项。
（5）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.Originality独创性；B.Technology科技；C.Profit利润；D.Sustainability持续性。根据前文"they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop."他们在找可持续购物的方法，这里指的是持续性。故选D项。
（6）C．考查副词及语境理解。A.legally合法地；B.appropriately合适地；C.likely可能地；D.undoubtedly毫无疑问地。根据"compared with 45% in 2016 "和 "by 2022 19% of the clothes in women's wardrobes will be secondhand. "到2022年，女性衣柜里19%的衣服将是二手的。可知，前文举出了以前的数据，后文是猜测未来的数据，所以这里表示一种推测，表示"很可能"。故选C项。
（7）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.required需要；B.projected规划；C.guaranteed保证；D.warned警告。句意：根据ThredUp的年度转售报告，时装循环是一个新术语，指服装的循环使用寿命，这种服装预计在5年内达到510亿美元，高于目前的240亿美元。根据空后的"to reach ＄51 bn in five years"可知，此处是说未来的价格，这是一种预测。be projected to do预计……，故选B项。
（8）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.symptom症状；B.field领域；C.tradition传统；D.shift转变。句意：网上商店The Stellar Boutique的创始人Stella注意到了这种转变。上文As consumers become increasingly aware of the impact of fashion，they are looking for a more sustainable way to shop说人们越来越注重服装的可持续性，而且一项研究的数据预测二手衣服在未来将变得越来越受欢迎，此处指注意到了这种转变的趋势。故选D项。
（9）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.excitement兴奋；C.shame羞愧；D.fascination魅力；入迷。根据"When she opened the shop 20 years ago"和"But now （thankfully） The Stellar boutique is not just acceptable ﹣﹣﹣ it's cool and has completely the fashion trends. "但现在（谢天谢地），一流的精品店不仅让人接受——它很酷，而且完全抓住了时尚潮流。可知，Stella当时开店的时候感到羞愧，与现在形成对比，故选C项。
（10）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.broken打破；B.defined定义；C.captured捕获；D.challenged挑战。句意：它很酷，完全抓住了时尚潮流。根据it's cool "前文说这很酷，所以是抓住了时尚潮流。故选C项。
（11）B．考查名词及语境理解。A.potential潜能；B.awareness意识；C.lack缺少；D.power权力。句意：除了越来越多的人开始意识到可持续之外，复古风还很好地融入了社交媒体时代更广泛的氛围，在这个时代真实性和原创性收到重视。根据本句Apart from people's increased of sustainability。可知，人们越来越重视可持续，这里指越来越多的人开始意识到可持续的重要性。故选B项。
（12）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.reversed颠倒；B.questioned提问；C.ensured确保；D.valued重视。句意：除了越来越多的人开始意识到可持续之外，复古风还很好地融入了Instagram时代更广泛的氛围，在这个时代真实性和原创性收到重视。前文说复古风融入了时代氛围，所以是受到了人们的重视。故选D项。
（13）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.considerate考虑周到的；B.content满足的；C.stressful有压力的；D.adventurous冒险的。句意：一些奢侈品牌不满足于坐视其他人从他们的复古产品中获利，他们正在重新推出自己收藏了几十年的设计。根据后文"watch others profit from their vintage items"看着其他人从他们的复古产品中获利，可知此处一些奢侈品牌指不满足于此。故选B项。
（14）A．考查介词短语及语境理解。A.for instance例如；B.as a result结果；C.by contrast相比之下；D.in addition此外。句意：例如，去年迪奥重新推出了马鞍包，因为它在复古市场上受到了关注。迪奥重新推出马鞍包是奢侈品牌推出自己的复古设计的一个例子，所以是例如。故选A项。
（15）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.expectations期望；B.policies政策；C.traps陷阱；D.reminders提醒。句意：这里有明显的陷阱，大小不一，而且，她说："你必须非常小心地寻找洞和裂口"。根据后文的"you have to be careful to look for holes and rips"你必须仔细寻找洞和裂口。可知，这里有明显的陷阱。故选C项。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
三．阅读理解（共3小题）
12．（2024春 宝山区校级期末） The clothes we choose to wear serve as an access to our cultural heritage，societal standing，and personal inclinations.Let us embark on a captivating journey through the myriad （迷宫） of clothing across various cultures.
In Western realms，a leisure attitude towards attire dominates daily life.Informal ensembles （全套服装） featuring jeans，T﹣shirts，and sneakers reign supreme，embodying a principal of comfort and ease.The blend of casual and laid﹣back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self﹣expression.This approach to clothing allows individuals to effortlessly stay in comfort with personal style，creating a harmonious balance between ease and individuality in their everyday wardrobes.
Conversely，traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism.For instance，in Japan，where the ceremonial kimonos dominate special events or festivities，featuring intricate designs and vibrant hues，a rich cultural legacy woven into the fabric.India's sarees mirror a vibrant mosaic influenced by regional traditions and ceremonial customs.The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover.
In some Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia，women gracefully envelop themselves in abayas，long black robes that enshroud their forms entirely.This strict dress code，steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals，conveys values of female modesty and respect for males.Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas，which are long，loose﹣fitting robes typically worn with a head covering.These garments are not only practical for the region's climate but also reflect the wearer's background，social status，and personal preferences.
Across diverse African residences，clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage.The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures.In native communities，attire transcends its utilitarian purpose，emerging as a channel to nature and spirituality.
At its essence，clothing transcends me re fabric and stitches；it embodies our cultural ethos，traditions，and identities.Delving into the diverse sartorial landscapes across cultures enables us to embrace and celebrate the tapestry of our shared global community in all its richness and diversity.
（1）What account for Westerners' leisure attitude towards dressing？ 　D　
A.respect for authority and formality
B.justification of staying different
C.pressure from busy daily routines
D.emphasis of practicality and personality
（2）How do traditional garments like kimonos and sarees reflect the cultural values of Asian countries？ 　A　
A.They reflect traditionalism and hidden individuality
B.They reveal the challenge to expression of personality
C.They show the denial female charm on a social scale
D.They represent the refusal of sticking to formality
（3）What's the difference in dress code for women and men in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia？ 　C　
A.Women wear long clothes for warmth while men do this to protect against sunshine
B.Women wear loose clothes for the sake of comfortableness while men seldom do this
C.Women cover themselves to show humility while men do this to show status
D.Women envelop themselves to stay elegant while men do this to be handsome
（4）Which of the following piece of clothes best represents a typical African one？ 　B　
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】DACB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家的传统服饰以及其背后所蕴含的文化价值。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的The blend of casual and laid﹣back styles in Western fashion reflects a society that values practicality and self﹣expression.（西方时尚中休闲与随意风格的融合，反映了一个重视实用性和自我表达的社会）可知，西方人对穿着的休闲态度是因为强调实用性和个性。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中的Conversely，traditional attire in Asian emphasizes formality and conservatism...The timeless elegance of sarees draping women in a swath of fabric represents a tapestry of colors and patterns that narrate stories of female individuality hidden under the nationwide cover（相反，亚洲的传统服饰强调正式和保守。……纱丽将女性裹在一大片织物上，这种永恒的优雅代表了一幅色彩和图案的挂毯，讲述了隐藏在全国范围内的女性个性故事。）可知，像和服和莎丽这样的传统服装反映了亚洲国家的传统主义和隐藏的个性。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的This strict dress code，steeped in the rules of religious faith and cultural morals，conveys values of female modesty and respect for males.Traditional attire for Middle Eastern men includes garments such as thobes or dishdashas，which are long，loose﹣fitting robes typically worn with a head covering.These garments are not only practical for the region's climate but also reflect the wearer's background，social status，and personal preferences（这种严格的着装规定深受宗教信仰和文化道德的影响，传达了女性的谦逊和对男性的尊重。中东男性的传统服饰包括长袍或迪什达沙，这是一种长而宽松的袍子，通常搭配头巾。这些服装不仅适合该地区的气候，还反映了穿着者的背景、社会地位和个人喜好）可知，在沙特阿拉伯等中东国家，女性和男性的着装规范的不同之处在于：女性为了表示谦卑而遮盖自己，而男性则是为了显示地位。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Across diverse African residences，clothing emerges as a canvas for expressing cultural underpinnings and heritage.The vibrant hues and intricate patterns decorating traditional garments like dashiki s or kaftans resonate with the boundless creativity and diversity inherent in African cultures（在非洲各地的住宅中，服装成为表达文化基础和遗产的画布。装饰传统服装如达西基裙或长袍的鲜艳色彩和复杂图案，与非洲文化中固有的无限创造力和多样性产生共鸣）可知，非洲的传统服饰色彩鲜艳，图案复杂，因此选项B最能代表典型的非洲服饰。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
13．（2024春 杨浦区校级期末）
Flying high with AQUILA! January issue：Rocket Science It's all systems go for 2024!Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton's laws of motion，and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS：meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the 'space race' excited and inspired 20th﹣century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8﹣12 year﹣olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA
AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children，and it has a great line﹣up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself.
From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind，this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought﹣provoking mix of Science，Arts and General Knowledge. What's special about AQUILA？ AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand ﹣ it is more like a cub for inquisitive kids.They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them ﹣kind，creative and curious.Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun；readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What's inside？ AQUILA takes an in﹣depth look at a new topic every month；the editorial is both witty and intelligent，with articles written and researched by educational specialists.Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams，photos and contemporary artworks.
More subscription options：www.AQUILA.co.uk TEL：01323431313
（1）The distinctive feature of AQUIILA is that it offers readers 　B　 .
A.inspiring ideas of mankind
B.a sense of belonging
C.articles with beautiful illustration
D.knowledge routinely taught in schools
（2）Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA's content？ 　D　
A.Editors' views are presented in a serious manner.
B.It deals primarily with technological breakthrough.
C.Its content is closely linked to school curriculums.
D.One can view online some of AQUILA's content.
（3）What can we learn from the leaflet？ 　B　
A.AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers.
B.Subscription for a year cost an Asian ?70.
C.Long gift messages may lead to extra charge.
D.Payment can only be made via bank card.
【答案】BDB
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一本名为AQUILA的杂志，它专为8﹣12岁的好奇儿童设计，内容涵盖科学、艺术和常识等，旨在激发他们的思考和探索。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文中AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand﹣it is more like a club for inquisitive kids.They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them﹣kind，creative and curious（AQUILA不同于你在报摊上找到的任何杂志，它更像是一个好奇孩子的俱乐部。他们很快就会发现一个由和他们一样的孩子组成的社区﹣﹣﹣善良、有创造力且充满好奇心）可知，AQUILA为好奇的孩子们提供了一个归属感强烈的社区。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据右边方框中下面椭圆形图片中see samples online（在网上查看样本）可知，AQUILA的部分内容可能在线上提供，供订阅者查看。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据SUBSCRIBE NOW（现在订阅）部分的?70 World（世界上其他国家70欧元）可知，一年的订阅费用在世界范围内是70欧元。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
14．（2023春 普陀区校级期末） So few adults can remember the details of their own preschool or kindergarten years，it can be hard to appreciate just how much the early﹣education landscape has been transformed over the past two decades.The changes are not restricted to the physical environment of classrooms.Teaching methods and curricula have changed too.Much greater parts of the day are now spent on what's called "seatwork"（a term that probably doesn't need any explanation） and direct instruction，formerly used mainly in the older grades，in which a teacher carefully controls the content and pacing of what a child is supposed to learn.
One study，titled "Is Kindergarten the New First Grade？" compared kindergarten teachers' attitudes nationwide in 1998 and 2010 and found that the percentage of teachers expecting children to know how to read by the end of the year had risen from 30 to 80 percent.The researchers also reported more time spent with workbooks and worksheets，and less time devoted to music and art. Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade，the authors concluded.In turn，children who would once have used the kindergarten year as a gentle transition into school are in some cases being held back before they've had a chance to start.
Until recently，school﹣readiness skills weren't high on anyone's agenda，nor was the idea that the youngest learners might be disqualified from moving on to the next stage.But now that kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper， not a welcome mat，to elementary school，concerns about school preparedness kick in earlier and earlier.A child who's supposed to read by the end of kindergarten had better be getting ready in preschool.As a result，expectations that may arguably have been reasonable for 5﹣ and 6﹣year﹣olds，such as being able to sit at a desk and complete a task using pencil and paper，are now directed at even younger children，who Jack the motor skills and attention span to be successful.
Preschool classrooms have become increasingly difficult spaces，with teachers asking pre﹣schoolers to finish their "work" before they can go play.And yet，even as pre﹣schoolers are learning more pre﹣academic skills at earlier ages，I've heard many teachers say that they seem somehow less curious and less engaged than the kids of earlier generations.More children today seem to lack the language skills needed to retell a simple story or to use basic connecting words and prepositions.They can't make a conceptual analogy between，say，the veins（纹理） on a leaf and the veins in their own hands.
That's right.The same educational policies that are publishing academic goals down to ever earlier levels seem to be contributing to the fact that young children are gaining fewer skills，not more.
（1）What can be inferred from the sentence "Kindergarten is indeed the new first grade"？ 　B　
A．Kindergarten is going to replace the first grade in the future.
B．Kindergarten kids are asked to learn what first﹣graders learn.
C．Today's kindergarten kids are smarter than first graders in the past.
D．Some kids choose to skip kindergarten to go to the first grade directly.
（2）By "kindergarten serves as a gatekeeper"，the writer implies that some kindergarten kids 　C　 .
A．might not be able to go to the kindergarten
B．are worried about their school﹣readiness skills
C．are not allowed to move on to elementary school
D．think of the kindergarten year as a gentle transition
（3）What idea does the writer intend to convey in Paragraph 4？ 　C　
A．Pre﹣schoolers need to be academically prepared.
B．Preschool teachers are not as kind as they used to be.
C．Today's preschool education doesn't prove successful.
D．Children pick up their first language later than before.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ 　B　
A．What Preschool Kids Should Be Taught
B．How the New Preschool Is Damaging Kids
C．Why We Should Take Preschoolers Seriously
D．Who Is to Blame for Preschoolers' Lack of Skills
【答案】 （1）﹣（4）BCCB
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了过早开始对幼儿园里的孩子教导需要学龄孩子才能掌握的技能并不是好事。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的One study，titled 'Is Kindergarten the New First Grade？' compared kindergarten teachers' attitudes nationwide in 1998 and 2010 and found that the percentage of teachers expecting children to know how to read by the end of the year had risen from 30 to 80 percent.The researchers also reported more time spent with workbooks and worksheets，and less time devoted to music and art.（一项题为'幼儿园是新一年级吗？'的研究比较了1998年和2010年全国幼儿园教师的态度，发现希望孩子在年底前知道如何阅读的教师比例从30%上升到80%。研究人员还报告说，花在练习册和活页练习题上的时间更多，花在音乐和艺术上的时间更少。）可知，这项研究发现，越来越多的老师希望孩子较早学会阅读，幼儿园的孩子在练习册和活页练习题上花费更多时间，而在音乐和艺术上花费更少的时间。由此可推测出，作者说"幼儿园确实是新的一年级"，是为了表明如今在幼儿园里孩子被要求学习一年级应该学习的东西。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据划线词所在句的前一句Until recently，school﹣readiness skills weren't high on anyone's agenda，nor was the idea that the youngest learners might be disqualified from moving on to the next stage.（直到最近，入学准备技能还没有成为任何人议程上的重点，最年轻的学生可能会被取消进入下一阶段的资格这种想法也并不多。）可知，在早些时候，孩子们不必非要在幼儿园掌握入学准备技能，也不会被取消进入下一阶段学习的资格。画线词所在句中的But表明前后文之间是转折关系，由此可推测出，该句与上句情况相反，说的是幼儿园成了小学的把关人，而不是欢迎席，这说明没有在幼儿园掌握入学准备技能的孩子可能不被允许进入小学学习。A．might not be able to go to the kindergarten可能不能去幼儿园了；B．are worried about their school﹣readiness skills担心他们的入学准备技能；C．are not allowed to move on to elementary school不允许继续上小学；D．think of the kindergarten year as a gentle transition把幼儿园的一年看作是一个温和的过渡。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段中的And yet，even as pre﹣schoolers are learning more pre﹣academic skills at earlier ages，I've heard many teachers say that they seem somehow less curious and less engaged than the kids of earlier generations.（然而，尽管学龄前儿童在更早的时候就开始学习更多的学前技能，但我听到许多老师说，他们似乎没有前几代的孩子那么好奇，也没有那么投入。）可知，学龄前的孩子虽然过早学习了更多的技能，但这些孩子没有以前的孩子有好奇心，做事情也没有特别投入。由此可推测出，作者想要表达如今的学前教育并不成功。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的The same educational policies that are publishing academic goals down to ever earlier levels seem to be contributing to the fact that young children are gaining fewer skills，not more.（同样的教育政策将学业目标降到了更早的水平，这似乎导致了幼儿获得的技能越来越少，而不是越来越多）可知，本篇文章主要论述了"揠苗助长"式的幼儿教育对学龄前的孩子造成了伤害，过早开始给幼儿灌输学龄孩子才需掌握的技能并没有给孩子带来好处。由此可推测出，B项"新式学前教育是怎样在摧残孩子的"最适合做本文标题。故选B。
【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
四．信息匹配（共1小题）
15．（2023春 黄浦区期末）
A.Therefore，the teachers we worked with remarked that lessons are typically focused on the physical processes of climate change. B.However，at present，much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change，often at a global scale. C.The next stages of our research will reflect how a separated community has come together through this journey towards climate literacy. D.Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change. E.This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.
How to Improve Climate Literacy
Climate literacy is the ability to identify，understand and explain information associated with climate science.（1）　D　
Over the past few years，many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula.So what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed school timetables？
True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change，but also issues of climate （in）justice，including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.
（2）　B　 Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people，with less relevance to their own lives.
（3）　E　 We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.
One way to do this is through visual storytelling.Storytelling，often involving drawings and paintings，has been used by human communities to pass on knowledge or tales of caution for at least 30，000 years — as you can see from the cave painting.
One effect of storytelling is its ability to create cognitive dissonance：the mental conflict and discomfort felt when a person's behaviour isn't in line with their beliefs.Stories that demonstrate the consequences of not acting eco﹣consciously — especially if those consequences are shown visually — can be a good way to do this，leading to individuals being more likely to take climate action in their own lives or by confronting corporate activities.
【答案】DBE
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何提高气候素养。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据上文Climate literacy is the ability to identify，understand and explain information associated with climate science（气候素养是识别、理解和解释与气候科学相关信息的能力。）以及下文Over the past few years，many young people and educators have pushed for the inclusion of climate literacy in national curricula.（在过去几年中，许多年轻人和教育工作者一直在推动将气候素养纳入国家课程。）可知，提出要将气候素养纳入国家课程，这说明了气候素养非常重要，空处应该解释具备气候素养的好处。D项"Being climate literate allows individuals to become active participants in the fight against climate change.具备气候知识使个人能够积极参与应对气候变化的斗争。"符合语境。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文True climate literacy must address not only the science of climate change，but also issues of climate （in）justice，including how climate change affects people and places unevenly and contributes to inequalities within and across nations.（真正的气候素养不仅必须涉及气候变化科学，还必须涉及气候正义问题，包括气候变化如何不平衡地影响人和地方，并导致国家内部和国家之间的不平等。）和下文Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people，with less relevance to their own lives.（像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上，与他们自己的生活无关。）可知，目前的气候变化教育有局限性，并没有涵盖真正的气候素养，空处和上文形成转折关系。B项"However，at present，much of climate change education is focused on the physical aspects of climate change，often at a global scale.然而，目前，气候变化教育的大部分都集中在气候变化的物理方面，通常是在全球范围内。"符合语境。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文Many people in developed countries like the UK therefore see climate change happening elsewhere and to other people，with less relevance to their own lives.（像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上，与他们自己的生活无关。）和下文We need to start highlighting the local effects of climate change to ground abstract understanding in reality.（我们需要开始强调气候变化的局部影响，以便在现实中建立抽象的理解。）可知，上文举例说明很多人觉得气候变化与自己无关，因此未能感觉到气候危机的紧迫性，下文提出了具体的解决方案，由此可知，空处指出人们对气候变化的理解存在问题。E项"This collective psychological distancing means many fail to recognise the urgency of the climate crisis.这种集体心理疏离意味着许多人未能认识到气候危机的紧迫性。"符合语境。故选E。
【点评】该题是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
五．选词填空（共1小题）
16．（2024春 宝山区校级期末）
A．maximum B．source C．keeping D．complex E.sound F.excessive G.simplest H.appeal I.highlight J.streamlining K.core
MUJI products came into being in the early 1980s as a result of a new mood，calling for a return to simplicity in daily life.Our aim was —and still is —to provide our customers all over the world with the fundamental things they need to live a busy，modern，urban lifestyle.These things must be made from good， （1）　E　 materials，with no unnecessary frills or fancies and must sell at a reasonable price.Our clothes must feel good on，our stationery must be practical and our household goods must be easy to use.This may seem elementary but it has always been a primary goal to ensure that MUJI customers should never pay for what they can't use—i.e.added extras and fancy packaging.So，at MUJI you'll find no （2）　F　 prices，just simple，sound products you can afford，so simple in fact，they don't even carry a brand name.This is in direct contrast to the usual marketing ploy of producing heavily branded，expensively designed，over packaged goods.
At MUJI we pride ourselves on being different.Moreover，our products are made from materials which we （3）　B　 on a global scale，not because we think an exotic origin sounds more exciting than one on our doorstep but because we are committed to using the best available material，wherever it comes from.Using these superior materials，we design our products so that their simplicity brings out their inherent （4）　H　 ，both of the material they're made from and the products themselves.Finally，we present our products in the （5）　G　 of packaging —if any at all ——which neither masks nor makes them look any more than they are.As a result，the quality and credence of each product are self﹣evident.As life gets more （6）　D　 ，the need for simple lifestyle becomes all the more necessary.To find these，look no

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