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（15）Unit 3 Sea Exploration——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.I had a strong urge ________ (look) at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes.
2.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives.
3.The actor was put into prison for being in________(possess) of drugs at home.
4.I passed by John quickly without greeting him, pretending not ________ (see) him.
5.China’s National Highway 318, ______ (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
6.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under ______ (negotiate) for several years.
7.Then there were six astronauts aboard the International Space Station, ______ the command of Kevin Ford.
8.The crowd applauded the children ______ their wonderful programs on Children's Day.
9.A great performance was held on the campus of Peking University and was given live ______ (cover) by the CCTV-1.
10.It is not known why he turned into a cold-blooded ______ (murder).
二、阅读理解
If all the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players, where does that leave non-human figures, like artificial intelligence chatbots As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers.
In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality. The participants were given a mix of poems written by humans and by AI, and the scientists didn’t share anything about the poems’ authorship. The team uncovered a surprise: The participants who didn’t know anything about the poems’ origins gave higher ratings, on average, to those written by the chatbot.
Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them “instant answers”.
The study’s findings seem to confirm (证实) some fears about AI, which is that they’ll one day replace human artists and put them out of work. But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. “Poetry will always be necessary,” Lasky tells the Washington Post. “If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.”
11. What is the main idea of paragraph 1
A. AI is a player on the world stage. B. AI performs well in poetry writing.
C. AI is so playful that it fools the readers. D. AI works well together with all humans.
12. What were participants asked to do with the given poems in the experiment
A. Identify their authors. B. Discuss their meanings.
C. Grade them from different aspects. D. Compare them with their own poems.
13. What is a feature of AI-generated poems according to paragraph 3
A. They promote critical thinking. B. They widen readers’ views.
C. They require immediate feedback. D. They are easy to understand.
14. What’s Lasky’s attitude towards AI-generated poems
A. Doubtful. B. Welcoming. C. Passionate. D. Indifferent.
三、七选五
How to improve memory
For many people, improving memory is possible. The degree to which memory can improve, however, will range from person to person.
Making reminders
Put a sticky note on your fridge or calendar, or set reminders on your phone. ① _________
② _________
Using mnemonics (记忆法) to contextualize things you want to remember. Mnemonics devices — like repetition and rhymes — work by tapping into how the brain naturally stores data. Use verbal implication to remember visual information and use visualization when learning verbal information.
Timing activities strategically
How you order your daily tasks can impact your ability to remember them and get them done smoothly. Difficult or cognitively (认知) taxing activities should be completed at the beginning of the day when tiredness is low and attention is at an optimal level. ③ _________ Large projects should be broken down into smaller tasks and take frequent breaks when engaged in a long task.
Noting down your personal experiences.
The best way to remember personal experiences is to write about them. Memory research has established one conclusion. ④ _________
Avoid multitasking
Doing multiple things at once could negatively affect your short-term memory, particularly as you get older. One study found that the aged are negatively affected. ⑤ _________
Research has shown that switching your attention from a laptop to a cellphone or texting while watching TV decreases the gray matter in our brains that helps us with sensory perception, including decision-making and memory.
A. Using your senses.
B. Using your visual implication.
C. These can be helpful to keep track of tasks and items on your to do lists.
D. Setting a consistent daily routine can strengthen pattern and may help with short-term memory loss.
E. Divided focus can block the understanding of new material, causing short-term memory difficulties.
F. They have significantly more trouble remembering tasks after they experience a brief interruption.
G. When people write about their experiences, they tend to recall those occurrences much better.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to look
解析：考查不定式，句意：我有一种强烈的冲动，想看看那些在我眼前闪现的随机事物。urge意为“冲动”，其后跟不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式，故填to look。
2.答案：to change
解析：句意：农业让人们第一次体验到了改变生活的科技的力量。考查非谓语动词作定语。根据the power to do sth.可知，设空处使用动词不定式形式修饰 power,故填 to change。
3.答案：possession
解析：考查名词，句意：这位演员因在家里藏毒而入狱，短语in possession of表示“拥有”，设空处缺少名词possession，故填possession。
4.答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。pretend(not)to do sth.意为“假装（没有）做某事”。故填to see。
5.答案：extending
解析：考查现在分词。句意:中国的318国道从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人赞叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语且前面没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。
6.答案：negotiation
解析：考查名词。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。be under negotiation 意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。
7.答案：under
解析：考查介词。句意:当时国际空间站上有六名宇航员,由凯文·福特指挥。设空处构成固定短语 under the command of,意为“在……的指挥下”,故填under。
8.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:观众因孩子们在儿童节(表演)的精彩节目而赞赏他们。applaud sb. for sth.意为“因某事称赞/赞赏某人”。故填for。
9.答案：coverage
解析：考查名词。句意:一场精彩的演出在北京大学校园举行,中央电视台综合频道进行了现场直播。coverage作名词,意为“新闻报道”, live coverage表示“现场直播,现场报道”。故填coverage。
10.答案：murderer
解析：考查名词。句意:没有人知道他为什么变成一个冷血杀手。设空处前为冠词和形容词,故设空处应填名词,表示“一个冷血杀手”,需将动词murder词尾加-er变为名词murderer,故填 murderer。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： B
解析：主旨大意题。第一段中“As it turns out, AI can hold its own against humans when it comes to writing poetry. AI chatbots can imitate famous poets like William Shakespeare well enough to fool many human readers, according to a new paper published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports. In addition, many study participants actually preferred the chatbot’s poetry over the works of well-known writers.”（事实证明，在写诗方面，人工智能可以与人类抗衡。根据周四发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一篇新论文，人工智能聊天机器人可以很好地模仿像威廉·莎士比亚这样的著名诗人，足以骗过许多人类读者。此外，许多研究参与者实际上更喜欢聊天机器人写的诗，而不是著名作家的作品。），从翻译可知，第一段的主要思想是人工智能在诗歌创作方面表现出色（AI performs well in poetry writing.），故选B。
12.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。第二段中“In an experiment, researchers asked a group of participants to read and rate poems on 14 qualities, ranging from rhythm (韵律) to originality.”（在一项实验中，研究人员要求一组参与者阅读诗歌，并从韵律到原创性等14个方面对诗歌进行评分。），从翻译可知，在实验中，参与者被要求从不同方面对给定的诗歌进行评分（Grade them from different aspects.），故选C。
13.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。第三段中“Why do readers seem to prefer AI-generated poetry It’s not entirely clear, but part of guess is that they are relatively straightforward and simple to comprehend. Understanding poems written by humans requires deep, critical thinking — and that’s a big part of poetry’s appeal. But modern readers don’t seem to want to do this labor, preferring texts that give them ‘instant answers’.”（为什么读者似乎更喜欢人工智能创作的诗歌呢？原因并不完全清楚，但部分猜测是它们相对直白且易于理解。理解人类写的诗歌需要深入的批判性思维——而这是诗歌魅力的很大一部分。但现代读者似乎不想做这种费力的事，他们更喜欢能给他们“即时答案”的文本。），从翻译可知，根据第三段，人工智能创作的诗歌的一个特点是它们容易理解（They are easy to understand.），故选D。
14.答案： B
解析：观点态度题。最后一段中“But Dorothea Lasky, the only living poet whose writings were included in the experiments, says it’s not necessarily a bad thing that readers enjoyed the AI-generated poems. ‘Poetry will always be necessary,’ Lasky tells the Washington Post. ‘If these people in the study read AI poems and liked that poem better than a human-generated poem, then that, to me, is beautiful. They had a good experience with a poem, and I don’t care who wrote it. I feel there is room for all poets — even robot poets.’”（但是多萝西娅·拉斯基，唯一一位作品被纳入实验的在世诗人，说读者喜欢人工智能创作的诗歌并不一定是一件坏事。“诗歌将永远是必要的，”拉斯基告诉《华盛顿邮报》。“如果这项研究中的这些人读了人工智能创作的诗歌，并且比人类创作的诗歌更喜欢它，那么对我来说，这是美好的。他们从一首诗中获得了良好的体验，而且我不在乎是谁写的。我觉得所有诗人都有一席之地——甚至是机器人诗人。”），从翻译可知，拉斯基对人工智能创作的诗歌持欢迎的态度（Welcoming.），故选B。
三、七选五
15.答案：①-⑤CAEGF
解析：①上文“Put a sticky note on your fridge or calendar, or set reminders on your phone.(在你的冰箱或日历上贴一张便签，或者在你的手机上设置提醒)”提出了设置提醒的方式。C选项“These can be helpful to keep track of tasks and items on your to do lists.(这些有助于记录你待办事项清单上的任务和事项)”中的“These”指代上文提到的设置提醒的方式，且说明了设置提醒的作用，与上文逻辑紧密。故选C。
②根据下文“Using mnemonics (记忆法) to contextualize things you want to remember. Mnemonics devices — like repetition and rhymes — work by tapping into how the brain naturally stores data. Use verbal implication to remember visual information and use visualization when learning verbal information.(使用记忆法将你想记住的事情情境化。像重复和押韵这样的记忆工具，是通过利用大脑自然存储数据的方式来起作用的。利用语言暗示来记住视觉信息，在学习语言信息时使用可视化方法)”可知，这部分主要讲利用各种感官手段来记忆。A选项“Using your senses.(运用你的感官)”能概括这一段的内容。故选A。
③上文“Difficult or cognitively(认知)taxing activities should be completed at the beginning of the day when tiredness is low and attention is at an optimal level.(困难或需要大量认知精力的活动应该在一天的开始时完成，此时疲劳感较低，注意力处于最佳水平)”强调了合理安排任务顺序，在注意力处于最佳水平时处理困难或需要大量认知精力的活动。E选项“Divided focus can block the understanding of new material, causing short term memory difficulties.(注意力分散会阻碍对新材料的理解，导致短期记忆困难)”从反面说明了注意力不集中对记忆的负面影响，与上文合理安排任务以集中注意力相呼应。故选E。
④上文“The best way to remember personal experiences is to write about them. Memory research has established one conclusion.(记住个人经历的最好方法是把它们写下来。记忆研究得出了一个结论)”指出记录个人经历有助于记忆。G选项“When people write about their experiences, they tend to recall those occurrences much better.(当人们写下他们的经历时，他们往往能更好地回忆起那些事件)”进一步解释了写下经历能更好地回忆，与上文逻辑一致。故选G。
⑤上文“Doing multiple things at once could negatively affect your short term memory, particularly as you get older. One study found that the aged are negatively affected.(同时做多件事情会对你的短期记忆产生负面影响，尤其是随着年龄的增长。一项研究发现老年人会受到负面影响)”提到同时做多项事对老年人短期记忆有负面影响。F选项“They have significantly more trouble remembering tasks after they experience a brief interruption.(他们在经历短暂的干扰后，记住任务的困难明显增加)”具体说明了老年人受到干扰后记忆任务的困难增加，进一步说明了对老年人的负面影响，与上文内容相符。故选F。（12）Unit 1 Science Fiction——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.It_____ (know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
2.When asked about the cause of the accident , the officer said it _____ (investigate).
3.I had to go to work by taxi yesterday, because my car _____ (repair).
4.The envelope got damaged while the letter_____ (sort) by the sorting machine.
5.Many new inventions _____ (exhibit) in the museum last year.
6.Not only the students but also the teacher _____ (invite) yesterday.
7.Tom _____ (treat) at the hospital now, so he can’t attend the meeting at present.
8.Unfortunately, he _____ (remove) from the company last week.
9.He told me that the injured man _____ (send) to the hospital half an hour before.
10.He as well as his team _____ (award) the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology the other day.
二、阅读理解
Health is not just about exercise and eating more fruits and vegetables. Keeping proper posture is vital for living a healthy life and avoiding negative health problems.
Good posture doesn’t mean your back must be completely straight — no matter how many times you heard warnings to “sit up straight” or “stand straight” in your youth. Actually, the spine has a natural curve (弯曲). This allows the head to be centred over the neck and the body to be centred over the hips, which is their ideal placement for maintaining good posture.
Keeping proper posture provides plenty of physical benefits including reducing the chance of getting sports injuries, digestive problems, muscle and stress injuries. It minimizes the amount of stress on all your muscles.
Correct posture can improve breathing as well. The inefficient breathing patterns are associated with a slouched (懒散的) posture, in part because such a position forces the body to rely more on upper-chest breathing. By contrast, the belly (腹部) breathing is more efficient and relaxing. This is important because many of the worst health problems of poor posture can take years before they become noticeable.
Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also improve your mental health and your life. “A person with neutral head-level posture is considered as more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position,” says Laura Deon, a physical medicine specialist at RUSH University in Chicago. “Good posture can improve communication skills and make your everyday exchanges go smoothly,” she explains.
To experience benefits related to proper posture, it is recommended to pay attention to how you sit and stand and to practise doing so correctly and often enough until it feels natural. Besides, wearing proper footwear, doing exercise and sitting on chairs that offer back support could be helpful too. No matter which of these techniques you follow, good posture can be trained with practice.
11.What do we know about our back
A. It keeps still all the time. B. It has a natural curve.
C. It looks quite bent from the side. D. It needs to be totally straight.
12.Which of the following is NOT a benefit from proper posture
A. Strengthen one's memory. B. Improve mental health.
C. Reduce digestive problems. D. Relieve muscle injuries.
13.According to Laura Deon, how can good posture affect social interactions
A. It makes you less focused. B. It makes you look taller.
C. It makes you seem more cooperative. D. It makes you seem humorous.
14.What does the author suggest readers do to keep proper posture
A. Choose soft chairs to sit. B. Wear hard sneakers.
C. Keep posture natural with practice. D. Sit on chairs all day.
三、七选五
Feeling embarrassed is something that no one really likes. ① _________ If you’re worried about embarrassing situations and you have trouble dealing with feelings of embarrassment, take a look at the following tips to make things better.
●② _________
When learning to deal with embarrassment, the first big thing that will help you is to realize that embarrassing moments are in the past. These things have already occurred and there is nothing that you can do to change them. It might have been tough to get through those moments, but you’re here now and everything is okay.
●Talk to someone about how you’re feeling.
If you’re struggling with feelings of embarrassment, then you should try to talk to people that you trust. ③ _________ You’ll likely find that these people will put things into perspective and you’ll feel much better.
●④ _________
Embarrassment might feel tough to get over. However, normal embarrassing moments might become things that you can just shrug off and laugh at eventually. When you think about things from the right perspective, you might be able to laugh at yourself for making a silly mistake or falling down.
●Get out there and try again.
The fear of embarrassment should not hold you back from getting out there to try again. If you want to move past embarrassment for good, then the best way to do that is not to let it stop you from living your life. This could mean doing the same thing that embarrassed you in the past. You might be worried about reliving embarrassing moments from the past, but it doesn’t have to be this way. ⑤ _________
A. Learn to laugh at the situation.
B. Understand that embarrassments are in the past.
C. Don’t worry so much about things and be ready to go out there and give it your all.
D. Know that you don’t need to apologize for feeling embarrassed.
E. Of course, this might depend on the level of embarrassment that you experienced.
F. Tell them how you’re feeling and what happened if you’re comfortable doing that.
G. It’s generally something that most people want to avoid.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：is known
解析：句意为:众所周知,他是世界上最著名的足球运动员之一。it is known that... 为固定句型,意为“众所周知……”,其中it作形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语,故填is known。
2.答案：was being investigated
解析：句意为:当被问及事故原因时,警官说正在调查中。根据 said的时态和语境可知,此处表示过去一段时间内正在进行的事,应用过去进行时;it所指代的the cause of the accident与 investigate之间为被动关系,故用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being investigated。
3.答案：was being repaired
解析：句意为:我昨天不得不打车去上班,因为我的车正在修理中。此处表示昨天正在进行的动作,从句的主语my car 为单数,从句谓语也应用单数形式,且 repair与my car之间为被动关系,应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being repaired。
4.答案：was being sorted
解析：句意为:在分拣机分拣信件时,这个信封被弄坏了。主句谓语动词使用一般过去时,while强调一段时间内主从句的动作同时发生,此处表示“信件正在被分拣”,故设空处应使用过去进行时。sort与 the letter 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 was being sorted。
5.答案：were exhibited
解析：句意为:去年博物馆展出了许多新发明。根据时间状语 last year可知,此处表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,且exhibit与 inventions之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 were exhibited。
6.答案：was invited
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天不仅学生们被邀请了，老师也被邀请了。根据yesterday可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语students和teacher与invite之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；not only...but also...并列两个名词作主语时，适用就近原则，即谓语动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致，本句和teacher保持一致，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填was invited。
7.答案：is being treated
解析：考查动词语态。句意：Tom现在正在医院接受治疗，所以他现在不能参加会议。主语Tom与treat构成被动关系，结合后文now可知，为现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数形式。故填is being treated。
8.答案：was removed
解析：考查动词语态。句意：不幸的是，他上周被公司开除了。根据时间状语last week可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，remove“开除”与主语he之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was removed。
9.答案：had been sent
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:他告诉我受伤的人半小时前就被送往医院了。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词,根据句意和主句谓语动词told可知,send发生在1old之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时态,从句主语the injured man和send之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。
10.答案：was awarded
解析：句意为:前几天,他和他的团队因生理学成就获得诺贝尔奖。设空处为句子的谓语,根据时间状语the other day可知,此处应用一般过去时;主语和award之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语中含有as well as短语时,谓语动词的数要和as well as前的代词或名词的数保持一致,故此处谓语动词的数应和He保持一致,故用单数形式。故填was awarded。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Actually, the spine has a natural curve.”可知，我们的背部有一个自然的弯曲。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Keeping proper posture provides plenty of physical benefits including reducing the chance of getting sports injuries, digestive problems, muscle and stress injuries.”和第五段中“Along with such physical advantages, proper posture can also improve your mental health and your life.”可知，正确姿势可以改善心理健康、缓解肌肉损伤和减少消化问题，文章没有提到正确姿势可以加强记忆力。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中Laura Deon的话“A person with neutral head-level posture is considered as more cooperative than someone who has their head in an up-or-down position”可知，良好的姿势可以让你看起来更具有合作精神。故选C。
14.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“To experience benefits related to proper posture, it is recommended to pay attention to how you sit and stand and to practise doing so correctly and often enough until it feels natural.”可知，作者建议读者通过练习使姿势自然来保持正确的姿势。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤GBFAC
解析：①根据上文“Feeling embarrassed is something that no one really likes.（尴尬的感觉是没有人真正喜欢的）”可知，人们会想办法去避免尴尬的事情，G项“这通常是大多数人想要避免的事情。”符合题意，故选G。
②根据下文“When learning to deal with embarrassment, the first big thing that will help you is to realize that embarrassing moments are in the past.（当你学会处理尴尬时，第一件能帮助你的大事就是意识到尴尬的时刻已经过去了。）”可知，这段主要讲述的就是要意识到尴尬的时刻已经过去了，B项“要明白尴尬已经过去了。”符合题意，故选B。
③根据上文“If you’re struggling with feelings of embarrassment, then you should try to talk to people that you trust.（如果你正与尴尬感作斗争，那么你应该试着与你信任的人交谈。）”可知，接下来要说的是告诉你信任的人你的感受以及发生了什么，F项“告诉他们你的感受，如果你愿意的话，告诉他们发生了什么。”符合题意，故选F。
④根据下文“Embarrassment might feel tough to get over. However, normal embarrassing moments might become things that you can just shrug off and laugh at eventually.（尴尬可能很难克服。然而，正常的尴尬时刻可能会变成你最终可以耸耸肩嘲笑的事情。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是学会嘲笑尴尬，A项“学会嘲笑这种情况。”符合题意，故选A。
⑤根据本段小标题“Get out there and try again.（走出去再试一次）”以及上文“The fear of embarrassment should not hold you back from getting out there to try again.（对尴尬的恐惧不应该阻止你再次尝试）”可知，本段主要讲述的是不要让对尴尬的恐惧阻止你再次尝试，勇于再次尝试，C项“不要太担心事情，准备好走出去，全力以赴。”符合题意，故选C。（2）Unit 1 Art——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.After studying for another year, he managed _______(pass) the exam, entering a key university.
2.In this lesson , the students will learn how _______(surf) the Internet safely and effectively.
3.These artists did not use a _______(reality) style of painting.
4.According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer _______(do) something meaningful for other people.
5.These products which are of high quality are able to _______(competition) internationally.
6.These tunes make it easier for you _______(remember) new words, especially when you hear them regularly.
7.It has not been decided which plan to be adopted; therefore, we have no choice but _______(wait).
8.Body language is particularly important when we attempt _______(communicate) across culture.
9.In the Digital Age, we're used to having _______we need immediately and right at our fingertips.
10.An _______(exhibit) on the history of Tsinghua University kicked off in the school's history museum on April 22, 2021.
二、阅读理解
A new study reveals that trees can communicate and warn each other of danger. “For the first time, researchers have been able to visualize plant-to-plant communication,” said Masatsugu, senior author of the study.
The idea of talking trees started to take root in the 1980s. Two scientists found that damaged trees began producing chemicals that made their leaves unappetizing and indigestible to discourage insects. The trees then sent chemical signals to one another through the air. Over the past four decades, scientists have observed this cell-to-cell communication in more than 30 plant species.
Past research shows plants communicate with their surroundings by releasing chemicals known as volatile (易挥发的) organic compounds. One class of these compounds are released when a plant is injured: green leafy volatiles. These are released by, as the name suggests, pretty much every green plant with leaves, and are produced when a plant experiences physical damage. An example of these compounds is the smell released from fresh-cut grass.
In the new study, Masatsugu and his colleagues manually damaged leaves and placed insects on tomato plants to trigger the release of various green leafy volatiles. After testing many of them, the team found it seemed to increase calcium ions (钙离子) inside cells. The calcium signaling is like a switch to turn on the defense responses from the plants.
With this new understanding, researchers say plants could be immunized against threats and stressors before they even happen. For instance, exposing healthy plants to insect-ridden plants or the associated green leafy volatiles could boost their genetic defenses, so farmers use less pesticides. The revelation could also help make plants more resilient (有复原力的) during a drought, signaling the plants to conserve more water.
11.What does the new research find
A. Trees can inform other trees of potential threats.
B. Trees can make themselves attractive.
C. Trees will send signals first once damaged.
D. Trees will work together to trick insects.
12.What can be learnt about green leafy volatiles
A. They defend insects. B. They kill insects.
C. Some of them can be smelt. D. Some of them can be seen.
13.How was the study carried out by Masatsugu
A. By protecting trees from insects.
B. By classifying green leafy volatiles.
C. By increasing calcium ions inside cells.
D. By causing the release of certain chemicals.
14.What aspect of the new study does the last paragraph focus on
A. Its target. B. Its process.
C. Its application. D. Its background.
三、七选五
You will be leaving this school at the end of this year and the unavoidable question many people will ask you is, “So, what do you want to be ” ①_________ But many of you still don’t have a clue! Here are some things you might want to consider.
First, choose a career that interests you. Some people might think this is unimportant, but if you are truly passionate about your job then-going to work every day won’t seem a chore. It’s also likely that you will stay and grow in this career. ②_________ This can help you decide if a career path is a good fit for you.
Second, does the career you are considering have staying power Will it be in demand in 20 years Rapid technological change is disruptive (破坏性的). ③_________ While many occupations are being taken over by new technology, jobs that require high-level of critical thinking, emotional intelligence and human interaction, remain in high demand. These jobs are more adaptable and not easily replaced by machines or technology.
Third, of course you will want to consider your chosen profession’s earning power! Although high pay plays a part, you should know that a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, much more effort and a higher level of stress. ④_________ If you have interests outside of work, or are struggling with other demands in your life, you might want to choose a less taxing line of work.
⑤_________ Let me leave you with an old saying: “Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.”
A. We need to be forward-looking at our future prospects.
B. Some of you may have, already decided on a career path.
C. Trying different work can help you choose your favorite profession.
D. People’s wages are lower in industries with slow technological change.
E. Only the truly motivated people will likely be able to face these challenges.
F. Before making a choice, you should examine your values, skills and personality type.
G. It can’t be denied that thinking about a life-long career at this stage in your life is challenging.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to pass
解析：“manage to do sth.” 是固定短语，意为 “设法做成某事”，所以用不定式 “to pass”，表示经过又一年学习，设法通过了考试。故填to pass。
2.答案： to surf
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:本节课,学生将学习如何安全有效地上网。分析句子结构可知,此处是"疑问词+不定式"作earn的宾语。故填 to surf。
3.答案：realistic
解析：考查形容词。句意：这些画家不采用写实主义的绘画风格。修饰名词style应用形容词realistic，作定语。故填realistic。
4.答案：to do
解析：考查不定式。句意：根据这项研究，当人们自愿为他人做一些有意义的事情时，他们会感觉良好。分析句子可知，这里考查volunteer to do sth表“自愿做某事”，为固定搭配，其中不定式作宾语。故填to do。
5.答案：compete
解析：考查动词。句意：这些高质量的产品能够在国际上竞争。分析句子，句中be able to do为固定短语，意为“能够去做某事”，故此处使用不定式结构。competition的动词为compete。故填compete。
6.答案：to remember
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:这些曲调让你更容易记住新单词,尤其是当你经常听它们的时候。句中用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语应为不定式短语 to remember new words。故填 to remember。
7.答案：to wait
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:尚未决定采用哪一项计划,因此,我们别无选择,只能等待。have no choice but to do为固定搭配,意为“别无选择只能做……”。故填 to wait。
8.答案：to communicate
解析：句意为:当我们试图进行跨文化交流时,肢体语言尤为重要。attempt to do sth为固定搭配,意为“试图/尝试做某事”。故填 to communicate。
9.答案：what
解析：句意为:在数字时代,我们已经习惯了随时得到我们需要的东西。分析句子成分可知,we need是宾语从句,作having的宾语,从句中缺少宾语,意为“……的东西”,应用what引导该从句。故填what。
10.答案：exhibition
解析：考查名词。句意:2021年4月22日,一场关于清华大学历史的展览在校史馆开幕。由设空处前的冠词An可知,此处应用名词,故填exhibition。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的A new study reveals that trees can communicate and warn each other of danger.(一项新的研究表明，树木可以相互交流并发出危险警告。)可知，研究发现树木可以告知其他树木潜在的威胁。故选A。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段One class of these compounds are released when a plant is injured: green leafy volatiles. These are released by, as the name suggests, pretty much every green plant with leaves, and are produced when a plant experiences physical damage. An example of these compounds is the smell released from fresh-cut grass.(其中一类化合物是在植物受伤时释放出来的：绿叶挥发物。顾名思义，这些物质是由几乎每一种有叶子的绿色植物释放的，是在植物受到物理损伤时产生的。这些化合物的一个例子是新鲜割草释放出的气味。)可知，一些绿叶挥发物可以被闻到。故选C。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段In the new study, Masatsugu and his colleagues manually damaged leaves and placed insects on tomato plants to trigger the release of various green leafy volatiles. (在这项新的研究中，Masatsugu和他的同事手动损坏叶片，并将昆虫放在番茄植株上，以引发各种绿叶挥发物的释放。)可知，研究人员通过引发某些化学物质的释放来进行研究。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段With this new understanding, researchers say plants could be immunized against threats and stressors before they even happen. For instance, exposing healthy plants to insect-ridden plants or the associated green leafy volatiles could boost their genetic defenses, so farmers use less pesticides.(研究人员表示，有了这一新的认识，植物甚至可以在威胁和压力发生之前就对其进行免疫。例如，将健康的植物暴露在昆虫肆虐的植物或相关的绿叶挥发物中，可以增强它们的基因防御能力，因此农民使用更少的杀虫剂。)可知，本段主要讲述了这个新发现的应用。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤BFAEG
解析：①根据空后的“But many of you still don't have a clue!”可知，设空处与下文是转折关系，即有的人已经确定了自己的职业选择。B项(你们中的一些人可能已经决定了一条职业道路)符合语境。故选B。
②根据设空处后一句可知，设空处的建议可以帮助决定一条适合自己的职业道路。F项(在做选择之前，你应该审视一下自己的价值观、技能和性格类型)给出了选择职业前的建议，引出下文，且下文中的This指代F项中的内容。故选F。
③根据空前的“Second, does the career you are considering…change is disruptive.”可知，职业的持久性和对职业的需求是选择职业时需要考虑的因素。由于快速的技术变革具有破坏性，我们需要考虑职业的未来发展。A项(我们需要对我们未来的前景有前瞻性)承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
④根据空前的a job with a big salary will likely require more time to get to the top, meaning much more effort and a higher level of stress可知，设空处应该和高薪高强度工作相关。E项(只有真正有动力的人才将有可能有能力面对这些挑战)承接上文，其中these challenges指高薪者在工作中所遇到的挑战。故选E。
⑤根据设空处后一句可知，作者在此给出建议：选择自己喜欢的职业。G项(不可否认，在你人生的这个阶段考虑终身事业是具有挑战性的)引出下文，符合语境。故选G。（5）Unit 3 Environmental Protection——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.Her _______(influence) article on climate change sparked a nationwide movement towards renewable energy solutions.
2.Glaciers (冰川) in the Alps Mountains are becoming more _______(stable) because of rising temperatures caused by climate change.
3.Climate change has brought humanity to a position _______ humanity has to think thoroughly about its results and solutions.
4.My parents are _______(tolerate) of my choice of books on condition that I must make full use of time to study hard.
5.He told me there _______(be) a basketball match that afternoon and asked if I wanted to watch it.
6.The fire burns up dozens _______ homes before villagers are able to put it out.
7.Three sides will cooperate with each other to promote the long-term, stable and _______(sustain) development of new energy commercial vehicles.
8.Mary asked me _______ I had taken part in Anne's party the night before.
9.What is most significant is the way in which people live in harmony _____ nature.
10.The Nobel Prize in Literature is usually awarded _______(annual) to an author who has produced the most outstanding work in an ideal direction in the field of literature.
二、阅读理解
A dried-out plain in the north of Sacramento, California was in perfect condition to fuel wildfires. It was 2014, and California was experiencing its worst drought in decades. The plain was full of dry brush. Fire prevention workers and ecologists in the state were desperately working to reduce potential wildfire fuel sources anywhere they could. Ecologists, facing a dangerously dry plain and a price tag of at least one million dollars for a major construction project to fix the site, did something surprising. They called in the beavers (河狸).
Thanks to the introduction of the animals, the site was, restored to a lively plain, with trees popping up and streams flowing across the land. Damon Ciotii, a biologist who led the project, said he was amazed by the results of the project. He had estimated that the beavers would take about a decade to return the dried-out land to streams in the region, but the animals blew away his expectations. By year three, water was back. Ultimately, the project only cost $58,000, which was used to prepare the land for the beavers to come in and do what they do.
Beavers have essentially evolved to be the engineers of nature, transforming their landscape to suit their needs and to protect them from predators. They are quick in the water and can build dams (水堤) to make ponds and wetlands where they can better survive.
The population of beavers in North America was once driven down due to heavy hunting. However, after the desire for beaver hats and coats reduced, the population began to recover. The success of the project has led to a number of other projects using beavers for land restoration through California. Government programs were beginning to take notice and offer training to local people on how to use beavers for wildfire prevention.
11.Why was Ciotii surprised by the project
A. It cost significantly less money. B. It used animals to solve the issue.
C. It took effect quicker than expected. D. It changed the land into a lively plain.
12.How did the beavers reduce the wildfire fuel sources
A. They ate the dry bush. B. They protected dams.
C. They created water bodies. D. They helped the trees grow better.
13.What do we know about beavers in North America
A. They are trained to stop wildfire.
B. They were threatened by humans.
C. They got protected for their roles in ecology.
D. They are the main solution to the wildfire problem.
14.What is the purpose of this text
A. To present a study on beavers behavior.
B. To illustrate the cause and effect of wildfire.
C. To introduce the benefits of working with animals.
D. To inform the use of beavers in wildfire prevention.
三、七选五
With one and half years of senior school to go, you’re probably experiencing a mix of emotions: excitement about what the future holds, and maybe anxiety about how to handle the coming exams. Don't worry! Here are a few things that will help you get through the rest of your senior school.
①_____ This means setting up a system that works for you to keep track of important dates, assignments, and deadlines. This can be as simple as using a planner. In this way, you can stay on top of your work and avoid any last- minute hurry.
Manage your time wisely. Learn to balance your academic tasks with extracurricular and social activities.②_____ For example, you might dedicate Mondays to Thursdays to homework, Fridays to extracurricular activities, and Saturdays to sports and hanging out with friends. Whatever system you choose, just ensure it works for you and helps you stay on track.
Keep your grades up. Letting your grades slip during the senior year can be easy. To avoid this, create a study schedule that allows you to focus on one subject at a time. Meanwhile, do ask for help from your teachers and parents if you’re struggling with a particular concept.③_____
Set goals, not time limits. Most people set time limits on their goals, such as”I’ll finish reviewing this book by Friday!” or something like that.④_____ So just focus on the goal, not the time frame. For example, rather than saying you' ll finish reviewing one book by Friday, focus on what you need to do to make that happen.
Embrace your passions and start exploring potential careers. Think about what subjects you enjoy most and what courses you’re passionate about. From there, research potential careers that are in line with your interests.⑤_____ The more you know about a particular career, the better equipped you’ll be to decide your future.
A. Give back.
B. Get organized.
C. Step outside your comfort zone and try new things.
D. They are there to support you and want you to succeed.
E. It's a good idea to set specific days or hours for each task.
F. And reach out to people in those fields for advice and guidance.
G. Putting pressure on yourself to meet these deadlines can be stressful.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：influential
解析：考查形容词。句意:她关于气候变化的颇具影响力的文章引发了一场全国性的可再生能源解决方案运动。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用形容词influential“有很大影响的”，作定语，修饰article。故填influential。
2.答案： unstable
解析：句意为:气候变化导致的气温上升使得阿尔卑斯山脉的冰川变得越来越不稳定。become为连系动词,设空处作becoming的表语,结合语境可知,此处表示“更加不稳定的”,故填 unstable。
3.答案：where
解析：句意为:气候变化已经使人类到了必须彻底思考其后果和解决方案的地步。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词position为表示抽象地点的名词,关系词在定语从句中作状语,即 in the position(在这种处境中),应用关系副词where 来引导该从句。故填where。
4.答案： tolerant
解析：句意为:我的父母关于我对书籍的选择很宽容,条件是我必须充分利用时间努力学习。be tolerant of sth为固定结构,表示“对某事是宽容的”,所以设空处应用形容词作表语。故填tolerant。
5.答案： would be
解析：根据下文“想要去看比赛”可知,足球比赛还没举行,要用将来时;再考虑主句的时态为一般过去时,故宾语从句须遵循时态一致的原则,用过去将来时。故填 would be。
6.答案：of
解析：句意为:在村民们扑灭大火之前,大火就烧毁了许多住所。dozens of意为“许多”。故填of。
7.答案：sustainable
解析：句意为:三方将彼此合作,共同推进新能源商用车产业长期、稳定和可持续发展。根据设空处前的long-term和stable以及设空处后的名词development可知,设空处应用形容词形式,表示“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
8.答案：whether/if
解析：句意为:玛丽问我前一天晚上是否参加了安妮的聚会。根据语境可知,此处表示“是否”,应用whether/if引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。
9.答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意:最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式。live in harmony with...与……和谐相处。故填with。
10.答案：annually
解析：考查副词。句意:诺贝尔文学奖通常每年颁发给在文学领域中创作出具有理想方向的最杰出的作品的作家。空格处作状语,故用副词形式,表示“每年”。故填 annually。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Damon Ciotii, a biologist who led the project, said he was amazed by the results of the project. He had estimated that the beavers would take about a decade to return the dried-out land to streams in the region, but the animals blew away his expectations. By year three, water was back. Ultimately, the project only cost $58,000, which was used to prepare the land for the beavers to come in and do what they do.(领导该项目的生物学家达蒙·乔蒂说，他对该项目的结果感到惊讶。他曾估计，海狸需要大约十年的时间才能将该地区干涸的土地恢复到溪流中，但这些动物打破了他的预期。到了第三年，水又回来了。)”可知，乔蒂对这个项目感到惊讶因为效果比预期的要快。故选C。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“They are quick in the water and can build dams (水堤) to make ponds and wetlands where they can better survive.(他们在水里很快移动，可以建造水坝，使池塘和湿地，他们可以更好地生存)”可知，海狸建造水体来减少野火的燃料来源。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The population of beavers in North America was once driven down due to heavy hunting. (北美海狸的数量一度因大量狩猎而减少)”可知，北美的海狸受到人类的威胁。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Fire prevention workers and ecologists in the state were desperately working to reduce potential wildfire fuel sources anywhere they could. Ecologists, facing a dangerously dry plain and a price tag of at least one million dollars for a major construction project to fix the site, did something surprising. They called in the beavers (河狸).(该州的消防工作者和生态学家正在尽一切可能减少潜在的野火燃料来源。面对危险的干燥平原和至少需要100万美元的大型建设项目来修复这个地方，生态学家们做了一些令人惊讶的事情。他们叫来了海狸)”结合文章主要说明了人类利用海狸来预防森林野火，介绍了这一做法的效果以及海狸的习性。可知，这篇文章的目的是介绍利用海狸预防野火的方法。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：BEDGF
解析：①由 this means 可知空格后的 This means setting up a system that works for you to keep track of important dates, assignments, and deadlines 是对空格的解释,这就意味着你要建立一个系统来记录重要的日期、任务和截止日期,即要有条理,有计划,有目标。 故选B。
②由For example, you might dedicate Mondays to Thursdays to homework, Fridays to extracurricular activities, and Saturdays to sports and hanging out with friends 可知,每天的活 动都要有具体的安排,平衡好学习和课外、社交生活,明智的管理时间。 故选E。
③空格前一句 do ask for help from your teachers and parents if you're struggling with a particular concept 如果遇到困难一定要向老师和家长求助,选项中的 they 指的是 your teachers and parents,他们一直在那儿支持你并希望你成功。 故选D。
④本段主旨为段落首句,要设定目标而不是设定时间界限。空格与其后一句构成 因果关系,给自己施加压力赶上截止日期是有压力的,so just focus on the goal, not the time frame。故选G。
⑤本段主旨为段落首句,拥抱你的激情,开始探索潜在的职业。选项中 those fields 指的是空格前的 potential careers, 可以向这些领域的人寻求意见和指导。故选F。（19）Unit 5 Launching Your Career——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.Because of the four years' unemployment, Jack was heavily _____ debt.
2.All the ______ (participate) in the cooking competition will be given things like pans and grills as souvenirs.
3.Both rare and common species make unique ______ (contribute) to functional diversity in an ecosystem unaffected by human activities.
4.Going to bed early and getting up early is ______ great importance to students' health.
5.Not all the businessmen are ______ (greed) for profits, not to mention the kindest David.
6.He was accused ______ stealing a small boy's bicycle, which was his birthday present.
7.More than 40 doctors at the hospital are ______ (dedicate) to treating ICU patients.
8.He is determined to make ______ most of every moment at college.
9.Scientific experiments cannot come to a ______ (conclude) without analyzing the data.
10.That contract, in my opinion, does justice ______ both sides.
二、阅读理解
For many, denim (牛仔布) is a type of cloth; but for London-based artist Ian Berry, it’s a creative medium. For the last two decades, Berry has used the navy blue cloth to create various portraits (肖像), and even photorealistic descriptions of California. And his latest creation continues to reveal the unexpected and innovative ways denim can be used. Titled Secret Garden and recently on display at the Garden Museum in London, this work reimagines a peaceful setting with a fish pond, flowers, and plants — all made from recycled denim jeans.
The Secret Garden show was first exhibited at the Children’s Museum of the Arts in New York in 2017 and has since been displayed in various site-specific locations and galleries worldwide. Originally designing it for a young audience, Berry aimed to inspire children to reflect on our interaction with nature.
“The idea came from thinking many kids don’t have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out,” Berry says. “It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from.” The artist even showed the kids a cotton plant to explain where jeans come from. “It was amazing to see so many confused at the idea,” he recalls. “It enabled educators to talk about how in the show plants were turned into pants, then back to plants again.”
While the most recent Secret Garden show isn’t specifically designed for children, it still arouses a childlike sense of wonder. Visitors can walk through the denim garden path and find plants hanging above them. Various plants and flowers are depicted in shades of indigo (靛蓝色). There’s even a peaceful pond at the heart of the garden, featuring denim koi fish, and a central water feature. Every area of the garden showcases such an impressive level of details that it’s easy to forget that the entire show is handmade from denim.
11.What did Ian Berry use denim for
A. A kind of cloth for clothing. B. Covers for various portraits.
C. Bags for flowers and plants. D. Materials for his works of art.
12.What’s the aim of the Secret Garden show
A. To raise children’s awareness of nature.
B. To get children in New York interested in art.
C. To tell the great use of denim in daily life.
D. To explain how to recycle denim jeans.
13.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Children’s lack of nature knowledge.
B. People’s confusion about Berry’s art.
C. Motivation of Berry’s artistic creation.
D. Process of plant of different periods.
14.What is the characteristic of the show described in the last paragraph
A. Costly. B. Complicated. C. Abstract. D. Lifelike.
三、七选五
How to Sleep Better
What you do (or don’t do) before bedtime has significant impact on the quality of your sleep. ① _________ Here are a few suggestions:
Go from light to dark. Darkness stimulates production of the sleep hormone. ② _________ And think about investing into warm light that you can use in the bed-room before bedtime.
③ _________ Keep the bedroom a technology-free zone as the light from electronic devices can disturb your sleep. If you need to work, wear blue light blocking glasses(also known as computer glasses)throughout or before you sleep to prevent sleep disruption.
Find an activity that helps you to wind down. This could be anything that calms you down, and reduces thinking. For example, listening to soothing (柔和的) music, taking a hot bath, reading or meditating.
Keep any electronics you have on the other side of the room or outside the room. One of the most harmful things that can disrupt your sleep is the notifications you get from your smartphones. ④ _________
Create a bedtime routine. A night routine is a couple of things you do prior to going to bed. By doing these things every night, you’ll have a more restful and high-quality sleep.
Adjust your sleep temperature. The ideal temperature for sleep is 60~67 Farenheit (华氏度). This may be cooler than what most people are used to. ⑤ _________ Rule of thumb: sleeping in cooler temperature is better for sleep quality than warmer temperature.
A. Avoid screens.
B. Sleep better from now on.
C. Turn off unused light around the house.
D. The higher the temperature is, the better you sleep.
E. The simplest way to avoid this is to keep it away from you.
F. Many times, it can be the difference between staying up until 4 am and sleeping like a baby.
G. But keep in mind that our body temperature changes once we fall asleep
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意:由于失业了四年,杰克负债累累。in debt为固定短语,意为“欠债”。故填in。
2.答案：participants
解析：考查名词复数。句意:所有烹饪比赛的参赛者将被给予像平底锅和烤架之类的东西作为纪念品。设空处为句子的主语,意为“参赛者,参与者”,应用 participate的名词形式 participant,又因前面有All修饰,故填participants。
3.答案：contributions
解析：考查名词复数。句意:稀有和常见物种都对未受人类活动影响的生态系统中的功能多样性做出了独特的贡献。make contributions to意为“对……做出贡献”,故填 contributions。
4.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意:早睡早起对学生的健康非常重要。be of+抽象名词=be+该名词的形容词形式。be of importance = be important,故填of。
5.答案：greedy
解析：考查形容词。系动词 are后应用形容词作表语,greed 是名词,其形容词形式为greedy。 be greedy for...意为“对……贪婪”。故填greedy。
6.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意:他被指控偷了一个小男孩的自行车,那是他的生日礼物。accuse sb. of doing sth.意为“指控某人做某事”,此处为其被动语态be accused of doing sth，故填of。
7.答案：dedicated
解析：考查形容词。根据are可知此处应用形容词,dedicate 的形容词形式是dedicated。be dedicated to 意为“致力于……”。故填dedicated。
8.答案：the
解析：考查冠词。make the most/best of 意为“充分利用”,是固定搭配,故填the。
9.答案：conclusion
解析：考查名词。句意:科学实验不经过数据分析是不能得出结论的。come to a conclusion 意为“得出结论”,是固定搭配。故填 conclusion。
10.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:在我看来,那个合同对双方都是公平的。do justice to 意为“对……公平”,是固定搭配,to为介词。故填to。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“For the last two decades, Berry has used the navy blue cloth to create various portraits, and even photorealistic descriptions of California. And his latest creation continues to reveal the unexpected and innovative ways denim can be used.(在过去的二十年里，Berry一直用这种深蓝色布料创作各种肖像，甚至是对加利福尼亚州的写实描述。而他最新的创作继续揭示了牛仔布可以被使用的令人意想不到和创新的方式)”可知，Ian Berry用牛仔布作为他艺术创作的材料。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Originally designing it for a young audience, Berry aimed to inspire children to reflect on our interaction with nature.(Berry最初的设计是针对年轻观众的，他的目的是激发孩子们思考我们与自然的互动)”可知，《秘密花园》展览的目的是提高儿童对自然的意识。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“The idea came from thinking many kids don’t have their own gardens and thinking of community gardens located between buildings and trying to inspire them to seek them out…It also gave the opportunity to talk about sustainability as well as helping young minds think about where things come from.(这个想法来自于想到很多孩子没有自己的花园，想到位于建筑之间的社区花园，并试图激励他们去寻找它们……这也给了人们谈论可持续性的机会，同时帮助年轻人思考事物的来源)”可知，第三段主要讲了Berry艺术创作的动机。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every area of the garden showcases such an impressive level of details that it’s easy to forget that the entire show is handmade from denim.(花园的每个区域都展示了令人印象深刻的细节水平，以至于人们很容易忘记整个展览都是手工用牛仔布制作的)”可推知，最后一段描述的展览的特点是栩栩如生的。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FCAEG
解析：①上文“What you do (or don’t do) before bedtime has significant impact on the quality of your sleep.(睡前做什么（或不做什么）对你的睡眠质量有很大的影响。)”指出睡前做什么或不做什么对你的睡眠质量有很大的影响，下文“Here are a few suggestions(以下是一些建议)”指出一些建议，由此可知，空处承接上文，F项“很多时候，这就是熬夜到凌晨4点和像婴儿一样睡觉的区别。”具体指出睡觉前做什么和不做什么的区别所产生的影响，故选F。
②上文“Darkness stimulates production of the sleep hormone.(黑暗刺激睡眠荷尔蒙的产生。)”指出黑暗刺激荷尔蒙的产生，有利于睡眠，空处承接上文，所以我们要关掉灯，C项“关掉房子周围未使用的灯。”符合，故选C。
③此处是本段中心句，由下文“Keep the bedroom a technology-free zone as the light from electronic devices can disturb your sleep. If you need to work, wear blue light blocking glasses(also known as computer glasses)throughout or before you sleep to prevent sleep disruption.(让卧室成为一个没有科技产品的区域，因为电子设备发出的光会干扰你的睡眠。如果你需要工作，在整个睡眠过程中或睡眠前戴上蓝光阻隔眼镜（也称为电脑眼镜）以防止睡眠中断。)”可知，本段主要介绍要在睡觉前避免使用电子屏幕，A项“避开屏幕。”能概括本段内容，故选A。
④上文“One of the most harmful things that can disrupt your sleep is the notifications you get from your smartphones.(可以扰乱你睡眠的最有害的事情之一是你的智能手机的一些通知。)”指出智能手机能扰乱睡眠，由此可知，空处承接上文，指出我们要避免使用智能手机，即让电子设备远离自己，E项“避免这种情况最简单的方法就是让它远离你。”符合，呼应本段第一句话“Keep any electronics you have on the other side of the room or outside the room. (把你所有的电子设备放在房间的另一边或者房间外面。)”，故选E。
⑤上文“The ideal temperature for sleep is 60~67 Farenheit (华氏度). This may be cooler than what most people are used to.(理想的睡眠温度是60 ~ 67华氏度。这可能比大多数人习惯的温度更凉爽。)”指出大多数人都习惯于在更高温的环境中睡觉，下文“Rule of thumb: sleeping in cooler temperature is better for sleep quality than warmer temperature.(经验之谈: 在较低的温度下睡觉比在较高的温度下睡觉更有利于睡眠质量。)”和上文是转折关系，即实际上较低的温度更有利于睡眠质量，G项“但是记住，一旦我们入睡，我们的体温就会发生变化”符合，和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，故选G。（14）Unit 2 Iconic Attractions——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.This map shows the _____(distribute) of water vapour in Earth's atmosphere during August last year.
2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products fully _____(develop) after great effort.
3.With the progress of history, the old _____(politics) system had become unable to adapt to the requirements of economic and social development.
4.We all share a _____(join) responsibility to protect and preserve our heritage sites, not just for ourselves, but for future generations.
5.Experienced craftsmen are called together to figure out effective approaches to _____(restore) those historical buildings destroyed by the earthquake.
6.It is natural for people to have such concerns and worries, but things may not turn out as bad as _____ (expect).
7.It is a program _____ (design) to bring ballet to girls in her community.
8.Don't get yourself _____(expose) to the sun so long. It may result in skin diseases.
9.Light dinners _____(make) up of vegetables and fruits are enjoying great popularity.
10.All things _____(take) into consideration, you are in urgent need of a good rest.
二、阅读理解
In modern society, many people are slacking off while working. But according to a new study, engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older.
The significant study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have only looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.”
To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.”
Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is vital in promoting cognitive well-being.” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.”
“While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added.
11. What does the underlined phrase “slacking off” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. working hard B. taking breaks
C. showing laziness D. focusing fully
12. Why is Edwin’s research remarkable
A. Because it focused on emerging industries.
B. Because it drew inspiration from past studies.
C. Because it tracked the subjects for a long term.
D. Because it studied Norwegians of a certain age.
13. What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job
A. The emotional labor it involves.
B. The number of students and parents.
C. The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
D. The harmonious relationship it creates.
14. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Activities that can refine people’s skills at work.
B. A recommendation for the future research direction.
C. Tips for people who want professional advancement.
D. Job tasks that can provide new learning opportunities.
三、七选五
On a busy workday, your lunch hour is a crucial opportunity to recharge and set a positive tone for the rest of your day. Here are some strategies to make the most of this time.
Get moving
A brief 10-minute workout can make you energetic. ① _________ For example, step outside and take a walk around the block, or walk to your sandwich instead of driving cars. This light exercise not only stretches your legs and gets your eyes off screens, but also boosts your mood with endorphins (内啡肽) .
Play catch up
② _________ Sometimes catching up with an old friend or family member can brighten your day and uplift your spirits, providing a refreshing break from work. So why not combine a walk around the block with a call to catch up with your friends during your lunch hour
Bathe in the sun
Avoid the temptation to eat at your desk. When possible, take your lunch outside to enjoy the sun and a change of scenery. Bathe in the sun and lift your gaze to the horizon instead of your phone or computer screen. ③ _________ A change of scenery can give you the power you need through your afternoon to-do list.
Change your tone
Use your lunch hour to treat your senses. As you eat or get active, try queuing up your favorite music in your favorite podcast. If you focus on the same tasks for too long, your brain will be tired. Shift gears and treat your mind to some music or stimulation outside of your daily tasks. ④ _________
Your lunch hour isn’t just about being purely functional. ⑤ _________ By engaging in these activities, you can maintain productivity and end your workday satisfied with your progress.
A. This shift helps you relax and recharge.
B. Boost the power of a well-spent lunch hour.
C. Exercise can help you feel good about yourself.
D. Use your lunch hour to connect with loved ones.
E. It is essential for both physical and mental health.
F. Find ways to combine light exercise with your lunch hour routine.
G. The benefits of time spent recharging outside are well-documented.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：distribution
解析：句意为:这张地图显示了去年8月期间地球大气中水蒸气的分布情况。设空处作 shows的宾语,且空前有定冠词the修饰,空后有介词of,应用名词,表示“分布”。故填distribution。
2.答案：developed
解析：句意为:经理看到经过努力,许多新产品被完全开发出来,感到非常满意。分析句子结构可知,此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构, many new products为该结构中的宾语,设空处作宾补,应用非谓语形式,develop与many new products之间是逻辑上的被动关系,即“许多新产品被完全开发出来”,故用过去分词,表被动和完成。故填developed。
3.答案： political
解析：句意为:随着历史的进步,旧的政治制度已经不能适应经济和社会发展的要求。设空处修饰名词system,作定语,表示“政治的”,应用形容词。故填political。
4.答案：joint
解析：句意为:保护我们的遗址是我们共同的责任,这不仅是为了我们自己,也是为了我们的后代。分析句子成分可知,设空处修饰名词responsibility,应用形容词作定语。故填joint。
5.答案： restoring
解析：句意为:有经验的工匠被召集在一起,找出修复被地震毁坏的历史建筑的有效方法。approach to 中的to为介词,设空处应填动名词作宾语。故填 restoring。
6.答案：expected
解析：句意为: 人们有这种担心和担忧是很自然的, 但是事情可能不会和预期的一样糟糕。"as+形容词/副词原级+as..."意为 “和……一样……”, 引导比较状语从句, as bad as 后面补充完整应该是 things were expected。在复合句中当主句的主语和状语从句的主语相同且状语从句谓语中含有 be 动词时, 可以省去从句主语和 be 动词, 故填 expected。
7.答案：designed
解析：句意为: 这是一个旨在将芭蕾带给她所在社区的女孩的项目。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用非谓语形式, 且 design与其逻辑主语 program 为被动关系, 应用过去分词形式作后置定语, 故填 designed。
8.答案：exposed
解析：句意为:不要让自己暴露在阳光下太久。这可能会导致皮肤病。分析句子结构可知,此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处作宾补,expose与yourself 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词形式。故填 exposed。
9.答案：made
解析：句意为:由蔬菜和水果组成的清淡晚餐很受欢迎。分析句子结构可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰Light dinners,应用非谓语形式;make up和Light dinners之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故设空处应用过去分词形式。be made up of 意为“由……组成”。故填made。
10.答案：taken
解析：句意为:从各方面考虑,你现在急需好好休息。此处为独立主格结构, take和All things之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应用过去分词形式。故填taken。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： C
解析：词义猜测题。第一段中“But according to a new study, engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older.”（但是根据一项新的研究，在工作中积极运用你的大脑，其好处不仅仅体现在促进你的职业发展上，随着年龄的增长，它还可能保护你的认知能力，并有助于预防痴呆症。），根据转折词“But”可知，前后内容意思相反，后面说积极用脑的好处，那么前面“many people are slacking off while working”意思应该是很多人在工作时偷懒，“slacking off”意思是“showing laziness（表现出懒惰）”，故选C。
12.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。第二段中“ ‘Many other studies on this topic have only looked at the most recent jobs that people have,’ said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, ‘but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.’（奥斯陆大学的研究员、主要作者特琳·埃德温博士说：“许多其他关于这个话题的研究只关注人们最近的工作，但是由于我们在挪威有国家数据库，我们能够在人们一生的大部分时间里跟踪他们。”），从翻译可知，埃德温的研究很显著是因为它长期跟踪研究对象（Because it tracked the subjects for a long term.），故选C。
13.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。第三段中“ ‘There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,’ Edwin said, ‘as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.’”（埃德温说：“这个群体中有律师、医生、会计师和公共服务人员，但最常见的职业是教师，因为课堂和学校之外的有效沟通很重要。这总是取决于教师对学生不同情况的理解以及教师的同理心。”），从翻译可知，教学是一项对认知要求很高的工作是因为它涉及情感劳动（The emotional labor it involves.），比如理解学生情况和具备同理心，故选A。
14.答案： B
解析：主旨大意题。最后一段中“ ‘While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,’ Edwin added.”（埃德温补充说：“虽然我猜测，患有痴呆症风险的人如果能利用职业发展机会，学习新的工作任务，并在一段时间内提升自己的工作技能，会很有好处，但进一步的研究需要明确哪些特定的活动对大脑健康最有益。”），从翻译可知，最后一段主要讨论的是对未来研究方向的建议（A recommendation for the future research direction.），故选B。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FDGAE
解析：①由上文“A brief 10-minute workout can make you energetic.(一次简短的10分钟锻炼可以让你精力充沛。)”及下文“For example, step outside and take a walk around the block, or walk to your sandwich instead of driving cars.(例如，走出去绕着街区散步，或者步行去买三明治而不是开车。)”可知，上文提到锻炼能让人精力充沛，下文举例说明结合锻炼的具体方式，空格处应是关于将锻炼与午餐时间日常活动相结合的内容。而F项Find ways to combine light exercise with your lunch hour routine.(想办法将轻度锻炼与你的午餐时间日常活动结合起来。)符合语境，引出下文具体例子。故选F。
②由下文“Sometimes catching up with an old friend or family member can brighten your day and uplift your spirits, providing a refreshing break from work.(有时与老朋友或家人叙叙旧可以让你的一天变得愉快，振奋你的精神，从工作中得到一个清爽的休息。)”可知，此段强调利用午餐时间与亲朋好友联系，而D项Use your lunch hour to connect with loved ones.(利用午餐时间与所爱的人联系。)符合语境，作为段落主旨句，引出下文关于与亲朋好友联系好处的阐述。故选D项。
③由上文“Bathe in the sun and lift your gaze to the horizon instead of your phone or computer screen.(沐浴在阳光下，将目光投向地平线，而不是手机或电脑屏幕。)”及下文“A change of scenery can give you the power you need through your afternoon to-do list.(环境的改变能给你完成下午待办事项清单所需的力量。)”可知，上文提到在户外晒太阳，下文提到改变环境的好处，空格处应进一步说明在户外充电放松的好处，而G项The benefits of time spent recharging outside are well-documented.(在户外花时间充电的好处是有充分记录的。)符合语境，承上启下，连接上下文。故选G。
④由上文“Shift gears and treat your mind to some music or stimulation outside of your daily tasks.(换挡，让你的大脑在日常任务之外享受一些音乐或刺激。)”可知，这里强调改变状态，让大脑享受不同事物，空格处应说明这种改变带来的好处，而A项This shift helps you relax and recharge.(这种转变帮助你放松和充电。)符合语境，其中This shift指代上文提到的改变。故选A。
⑤由上文“Your lunch hour isn't just about being purely functional.(你的午餐时间不仅仅是纯粹功能性的。)”及下文“By engaging in these activities, you can maintain productivity and end your workday satisfied with your progress.(通过参与这些活动，你可以保持工作效率，并在工作日结束时对自己的进展感到满意。)”可知，上文指出午餐时间不只是功能性的，下文阐述参与前文提及活动对工作效率等方面的积极影响，这体现了午餐时间对身心状态的重要性。而E项It is essential for both physical and mental health.(它对身心健康都至关重要。)符合语境，说明午餐时间不仅有功能性作用，对身心同样关键，能更好地承上启下，连接上下文逻辑。故选E。（17）Unit 4 Sharing——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.They started walking down the _____(dust) road in the moonlight.
2.I can see from his _____ (wrinkle) face that he has suffered a lot in the past years.
3.You can get the watch either in person or _____ mail.
4.If you put your wet clothes _____ the shade, it will take a long time to dry them off.
5.He had to resign himself to _____ (watch) the European Championships on television.
6.China is the birthplace of kites, from _____ kite-flying spread to Japan, North Korea, Thailand and India.
7.He is dying _____ (know) the result of the examination and even can't sleep well for that.
8.The charming city of Charleston is ripe _____ exploring even during the cold winter.
9.Derartu is an outstanding athlete and deserved _____ (win) in the last game.
10.Sometimes, I regret not _____ (make) better use of the time that has gone by.
二、阅读理解
Maya civilization once stretched across a vast territory in Mesoamerica, in what is today southern Mexico and Central America. It was home to thriving cities and thousands of people, but over the course of two centuries, major cities would be emptied, with their grand temples abandoned and vivid artworks unfinished.
Interaction with the neighboring Olmec civilization is believed to have stimulated advances in Maya architecture, resulting in the construction of huge ritual complexes surrounded by cities. Among the most important urban centers were Uxmal, Palenque, Chichén Itzá, Tikal, Copán, and Calakmul. Built during the Classic period (A. D. 200-900), the Maya’s soaring pyramid temples and grand buildings — believed by some to be palaces — were richly decorated with sacred art dedicated to the gods.
Scholars have determined that the Maya did not rule as a unified empire. Rather, this was a shared society. Power struggles did occur, but they were fought by rival city-states or local ajaws (阿嘉瓦), or rulers. Numerous inscriptions (铭文) have been found on monuments, but none date to later than the year 800.
Archaeological evidence indicates that in this year, the city suffered a violent attack. The royal family and other members of the nobility were murdered, and their bodies deserted, complete with their emblems (徽记) of power and jadeite jewelry, into three temporary burial spaces.
Such violence was not unusual in the region, but this incident stands out as part of a larger pattern. In the first decades of the ninth century, a political and social crisis affected almost all Maya cities. By the end of the Classic period, Maya sculptors had stopped carving monuments. Scribes had ceased recording their rulers’ deeds, and workers had abruptly stopped construction on palaces and temples. Cities were abandoned. What became known as the Maya collapse was just beginning.
The collapse — a decline that spread from city to city — lasted more than a hundred years. It began in the region known as Petexbatún and crossed the lands near the Usumacinta River. As cities fell like dominoes, the jungle began to claw back land from the Maya civilization. Plant roots and tendrils curled through palaces, temples, and squares.
11.What is believed to have helped promote Maya’s prosperity according to the passage
A. The decline of neighboring city-states
B. The non-stop wars against neighboring states
C. The friendly relationship with Olmec
D. The conquer of neighboring city-states
12.What might have caused the beginning of the collapse of the Mayan civilization
A. an economic decline B. a large-scale attack
C. power abuse D. a divided social system
13.Which of the following facts is in agreement with the content of passage
A. Mexico and northern America used to be the location of Mayan empire.
B. The Mayan civilization reached its peak during the Classic period.
C. The first decades of the eighth century witnessed the decline of Mayan civilization.
D. The collapse of Mayan empire lasted more than two centuries.
14.What is the passage mainly about
A. the history from prosperity to collapse of Mayan civilization
B. an research into the causes of wars between Maya and neighboring city-states
C. the significant status of Mayan grand artworks in history
D. the causes of a sudden change of Mayan political power
三、七选五
Snakes are the last thing you want to find in your yard or garden, much less in your house. Unfortunately, there’s no sure way to keep snakes out of your building. But don’t despair. ① _________
Keep bushes and grass around your house trimmed up (修剪的).
The first thing that homeowners should do is to keep their grass cut to a short or reasonable length. Snakes are careful about traveling across trimmed bushes and grass because these plants expose them to predator (捕食者). ② _________
Remove hiding places.
Reduce or remove places where snakes like to hide. One of these is under bushes. In addition, ground cover plants also provide cover for snakes. ③ _________ Another landscape feature to be aware of is large rocks piled on top of each other. Avoid these because that gives snakes an excellent place to stay cool and hide.
④ _________
Homeowners should check the foundation to look for possible entry points for snakes. Snakes will get under your house if they can. Be sure to seal cracks or openings that a snake could get through. Another access point for snakes could be a door. Block these openings.
Remove food.
Snakes are carnivores that feed on meat, so they are seeking for mice, rats and even birds. There are things homeowners can do to help prevent attracting them and snakes. ⑤ _________ That will bring in the animals, which will bring in the snakes. It’s okay to feed your pets outdoors, just remember to remove any uneaten food.
A. Block entries to the house.
B. What to do if you see a snake.
C. There are things that you can do to help.
D. Try to limit the use of these plants in your garden.
E. One is to avoid leaving an available cat or dog food outdoors.
F. The things homeowners can do to keep snakes away fall into two types.
G. So it makes sense to trim bushes and grass around your house regularly.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：dusty
解析：考查形容词。句意:在月光下他们开始沿着满是尘土的路散步。修饰名词road应用形容词，故填dusty。
2.答案：wrinkled
解析：考查形容词。句意:从他布满皱纹的脸上我可以看出在过去的几年里他吃了许多苦。根据前面的形容词性物主代词his 和后面的名词 face可知设空处应填形容词wrinkled,意为“(皮肤、衣服等)有皱纹的”。故填wrinkled。
3.答案：by
解析：考查介词。句意:你既可以亲自来取表,也可以以邮寄的方式获得。by mail为固定搭配,表示“通过邮寄的方式”。故填by。
4.答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意:如果你把你的湿衣服放在阴凉处,晾干它们会花费很长的时间。in the shade意为“在阴凉处”。故填in。
5.答案：watching
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他只好接受在电视上看欧洲锦标赛。resign oneself to（doing）sth.只好接受（做）某事，to是介词，故填watching。
6.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意:中国是风筝的发源地,放风筝从中国传到日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。此处from where 在意义上相当于 and from there,故填 where。
7.答案：to know
解析：考查不定式。句意:他非常想知道考试的结果,甚至为此都睡不好觉。be dying to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。故设空处用不定式形式。故填to know。
8.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:即使在寒冷的冬季,迷人的查尔斯顿市也适合探索。be ripe for...意为“……的时机成熟;适宜……”。故填for。
9.答案：to win
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:Derartu是一位杰出的运动员,在上一场比赛中他理应获胜。deserve to do sth.意为“应该/值得做某事”。故填to win。
10.答案：making
解析：考查动名词。句意:有时候,我后悔未能更好地利用那些逝去的光阴。regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事”。故填 making。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节题。根据文章第二段" Interaction with the neighboring Olmec civilization is believed to have stimulated advances in Maya architecture, resulting in the construction of huge ritual complexes surrounded by cities."与邻近的奥尔梅克文明的交流被认为刺激了玛雅建筑的发展，从而建成了被城市环绕的巨型仪式建筑群，故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段开头句“Archaeological evidence indicates that in this year, the city suffered a violent attack. The royal family and other members of the nobility were murdered”,考古证据表明，在这一年，这座城市遭受了一场暴力袭击。王室成员和其他贵族成员惨遭杀害。第五段提到“Such violence was not unusual in the region, but this incident stands out as part of a larger pattern."这种暴力在该地区并不罕见，但这一事件作为更大模式的一部分而显得突出。可以推出玛雅文明开始走向衰落源于一场更大规模的战争。故选B。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。文章首段提到" Maya civilization once stretched across a vast territory in Mesoamerica, in what is today southern Mexico and Central America."A项提到的地理范围有误；第二段提到Classic period (A.D.200-900)玛雅文明盛况，" the Maya’s soaring pyramid temples and grand buildings — believed by some to be palaces — were richly decorated with sacred art dedicated to the gods."及第三段提到“Numerous inscriptions (铭文) have been found on monuments, but none date to later than the year 800”暗示公元800年之前玛雅文明的鼎盛是存在的，所以B项表述正确：倒数第二段提到" In the first decades of the ninth century, a political and social crisis affected almost all Maya cities."C项时间表述不对；末段提到“The collapse — a decline that spread from city to city — lasted more than a hundred years.",D项细节有误。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。综合文章内容分析，本文主要讲述玛雅文明从兴盛到衰落的过程，分析了引起这一变迁的历史原因，从社会关系、艺术表现、政治体制等多方面进行阐述。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤CGDAE
解析：①前文“Unfortunately, there’s no sure way to keep snakes out of your building. But don’t despair. (不幸的是，没有确定的方法来防止蛇进入你的建筑。但不要绝望)”提到有一定的希望可以防止蛇进入建筑内，后文四个段落介绍了具体的方法，因此C项“There are things that you can do to help. (你可以做些事情来帮忙)”符合语境，承接前文，总领后文具体内容。故选C。
②前文“Snakes are careful about traveling across trimmed bushes and grass because these plants expose them to predator (捕食者). (蛇在穿过修剪过的灌木丛和草地时非常小心，因为这些植物会让它们暴露在捕食者面前)”提到蛇不敢通过修剪过的草地和灌木，因此G项“So it makes sense to trim bushes and grass around your house regularly. (所以定期修剪房子周围的灌木和草是有意义的)”符合语境，指出定期修剪灌木和草很有意义，承接前文。故选G。
③前文“In addition, ground cover plants also provide cover for snakes. (此外，地被植物也为蛇提供了掩护)”指出地被植物可以帮蛇掩护，因此D项“Try to limit the use of these plants in your garden. (尽量限制在花园里使用这些植物)”符合语境，建议尽量少种这类植物，承接前文，其中的these plants指代前文提到的ground cover plants。故选D。
④空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。根据后文“Homeowners should check the foundation to look for possible entry points for snakes. Snakes will get under your house if they can. Be sure to seal cracks or openings that a snake could get through. Another access point for snakes could be a door. Block these openings. (房主应该检查地基，寻找蛇可能进入的地方。如果可能，蛇会爬到你的房子下面。一定要封住裂缝或开口，以免蛇通过。蛇的另一个入口可能是门。堵住这些开口)”可知，本段建议封堵蛇能进入房子的地方，因此A项“Block entries to the house. (堵住房子的入口)”符合语境，契合段落内容，其中的entries和后文的entry points呼应。故选A。
⑤前文“There are things homeowners can do to help prevent attracting them and snakes. (房主可以做一些事情来帮助防止吸引它们和蛇)”提到房主可以采取一些行动，后文“That will bring in the animals, which will bring in the snakes. (那就会引来动物，再引来蛇)”指出某物可以招引动物和蛇，因此E项“One is to avoid leaving an available cat or dog food outdoors. (一是避免在户外留下可用的猫粮或狗粮)”符合语境，建议避免在户外放置猫粮或狗粮，承上启下，其中的an available cat or dog food是后文That指代的对象。故选E。（20）Unit 5 Launching Your Career——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.______ (know) some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family.
2.2023 saw a hot summer, which reminds people that the top ______ (prior) in protecting the earth is to solve the problem of global warming.
3.______ is often the case with children, Tom was better by the time the doctor arrived.
4.Thinking that you have _____ in fact you don't have is a serious mistake.
5.______ conclusion, we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health.
6.It is so cold that you can't go outside ______ you're fully covered in thick clothes.
7.Put on more clothes before going out, ______ you'll be frozen in such cold weather.
8.Medicine should be kept out of children's reach, which is ______ he always puts it in the top drawer.
9.Tasting nice and delicious, the ______ (fry) chicken soon sold out.
10.It is whispered that he is heavily ______ debt, so I think he can't pay for a new house.
二、阅读理解
A 12-year-old girl, Eleanor Woods, has created a green backpack that filters (过滤) out air pollution. Her innovative bag won the award of the “Backpack to the Future” competition.
The competition was launched to encourage students to combine an interest in fashion with a career in science, technology, engineering or maths.
Powered by green energy from solar power and a dynamo — a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy — the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby.
Air pollution was always Eleanor’s concern. Meanwhile, spending a lot of time with her asthmatic (患哮喘病的) mum, Eleanor especially focused on how pollution affects a person’s health and the spread of diseases. “We have an air filter at home because my mum has mild asthma. But what if she wants to go out It would be inconvenient and dangerous! My Breathe Better Backpack is about keeping those like my mother safe using an air filter. It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds,” Eleanor said.
The girl added, “My generation has really realized pollution, and we have lessons on it at school. This is another reason why I designed this, because we need to do something.”
The Breathe Better Backpack came under the spotlight in the competition. Stratton Smith, one of the judges of the competition, said the impact of Eleanor’s design would be far-reaching. “If just a few people start using it, it can be really good for the planet,” he explained.
11.What do we know about the backpack
A. It collects polluted air.
B. It is powered by wind.
C. It is of practical use.
D. It sells well at present.
12.What inspired Eleanor Woods to design the backpack
A. The award of the competition.
B. High expenses of air filters.
C. Stratton Smith’s behaviour.
D. Her concern for air pollution.
13.Who will most probably benefit from the backpack
A. Students living in poverty.
B. Those suffering from asthma.
C. People working in an open way.
D. Judges worried about pollution.
14.Which of the following can best describe Eleanor Woods
A. Humorous and modest.
B. Ambitious and selfless.
C. Confident and fearless.
D. Creative and considerate.
三、七选五
Things to Do on the Weekend
Your time is valuable, especially when the weekend rolls around. It’s a period when you can step away from the routine and focus on what truly matters to you. ① _________ And we’re here to help you do just that.
Visiting Local Festivals
② _________ Typing something like “festivals near me” in a Google search is a great way to find where and when local events are happening. Checking your local city’s website is another great way to learn about the upcoming activities.
Hiking
Hiking is far more than your average walk. It’s about immersing yourself in nature and appreciating all the surrounding wildlife and scenery. ③ _________ Head on over to your local park or hiking trail to add a beautiful snapshot to your weekend.
Gardening
First of all, you could get to enjoy the fruits of your labor, whether that’s a beautiful array of flowers or delicious patches of fruits and vegetables. ④ _________ Feel free to grow whatever you’d like in your garden.
Getting Indoor Plants
If you don’t have a yard, try some indoor plants! When you choose the perfect houseplant, it’s important to acknowledge multiple factors, like the amount of light your home gets, the desired climate of the plant, and so on. ⑤ _________
Remember, the key to making the most of your weekend is to find activities that you genuinely enjoy and that help you recharge for the week ahead. By engaging in a mix of relaxation and personal growth, you can ensure that your weekends are both enjoy able and meaningful.
A. And getting a nice workout in the process!
B. Still, it can be a fun way to spend your weekend!
C. There are a lot more festivals out there than you may think.
D. It’s always more important to do things that are enjoy able to you.
E. It’s only fair that you’d want to make the best use of your free time.
F. It is the perfect way to enjoy nature while keeping your hands busy.
G. Support your local festival scene by showing up to weekend performances.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：Knowing
解析：考查动名词作主语。句意:了解一些建议将有助于确保你和朋友或家人用餐愉快。根据 will help(谓语)可知______ (know) some tips在句中作主语,且表示一般性概念,所给提示词是动词,所以应用动名词短语作主语,句首单词首字母大写,故填 Knowing。
2.答案：priority
解析：考查名词。句意:2023年的夏天很热,这提醒人们保护地球的当务之急是解决全球变暖问题。根据空前的定冠词 the 和形容词top可知设空处应填名词,top priority意为“当务之急”,故填 priority。
3.答案： As
解析：句意为:就像孩子们通常的状况一样,医生到达时汤姆已经好些了。as is often the case with...为固定句型,意为“……情况常常如此”。故填As。
4.答案：what
解析：句意为:认为自己拥有实际上并未拥有的事物是一个严重的错误。_____ in fact you don't have是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,意为“……的东西”,故填what。
5.答案：In
解析：句意为:总之,我们应该意识到没有什么比健康更宝贵。in conclusion为固定搭配,意为“总之;最后”。故填In。
6.答案：unless
解析：句意为: 天气太冷了,你不能出去,除非你裹上厚厚的衣服。分析句子结构可知, so... that 引导结果状语从句, 设空处引导条件状语从句, 表示“除非”, 故填 unless。
7.答案：or/otherwise
解析：句意为: 出去前多穿点衣服, 否则这么冷的天你会冻僵的。此处为“祈使句+or/otherwise +陈述句”结构。故填or/otherwise。
8.答案：why
解析：句意为:药物应放在孩子够不着的地方,这就是为什么他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里。_____ he always puts it in the top drawer 是表语从句,根据语境可知,此处应用连接词why表示原因。故填why。
9.答案：fried
解析：句意为:这种炸鸡味道鲜美,很快就卖光了。此处作定语,修饰名词chicken,应用形容词fried,表示“油炸的”。故填fried。
10.答案： in
解析：句意为:有人私下说他负债严重,所以我认为他买不起一所新房子。in debt为固定搭配,意为“负债”。故填in。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的the backpack filters polluted air before fanning out cleaner air nearby以及第四段中的It looks cool and will help get them outside and fight off colds可知，Eleanor Woods发明的背包能够过滤空气，并且可以帮助人们对抗感冒，因此它是有实际用处的。故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Air pollution was always Eleanor’s concern.以及第五段中的My generation has really realized pollution ...可知，Eleanor Woods对大气污染的担忧激发了她发明过滤空气的背包。故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这款背包可以让哮喘患者安全出门。据此推测，哮喘病患者最有可能从背包中受益。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。综合全文可知，Eleanor Woods关心空气污染，花很多时间陪伴自己的母亲，并发明能够过滤空气的背包，这说明Eleanor Woods不但体贴关怀他人，而且具有创造力。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ECAFB
解析：①根据上文“It’s a period when you can step away from the routine and focus on what truly matters to you.(在这段时间里，你可以摆脱常规，专注于真正对你重要的事情)”可知，选项承接上文说明人们有权利用空闲时间可以做些有意义的事情。故E选项“你想要充分利用你的空闲时间，这是公平的”切题。故选E。
②根据下文“Typing something like ‘festivals near me’ in a Google search is a great way to find where and when local events are happening.(在谷歌搜索中输入“我附近的节日”之类的内容，可以很好地找到当地活动发生的时间和地点)”可知，世界上的节日有很多。故C选项“世界上有比你想象的多得多的节日”切题。more festivals呼应festivals。故选C。
③根据上文“Hiking is far more than your average walk. It’s about immersing yourself in nature and appreciating all the surrounding wildlife and scenery.(徒步旅行远不止一般的散步。它是让你自己沉浸在大自然中，欣赏周围的野生动物和风景)”可知，选项承接上文说明徒步旅行的作用。故A选项“在这个过程中得到很好的锻炼！”切题。故选A。
④根据上文“First of all, you could get to enjoy the fruits of your labor, whether that’s a beautiful array of flowers or delicious patches of fruits and vegetables.(首先，你可以享受你的劳动成果，无论是美丽的花朵还是美味的水果和蔬菜)”可知，选项承接上文说明园艺的好处。故F选项“这是享受大自然的完美方式，同时让你的双手忙碌起来”切题。故选F。
⑤根据上文“When you choose the perfect houseplant, it’s important to acknowledge multiple factors, like the amount of light your home gets, the desired climate of the plant, and so on.(当你选择一种完美的室内植物时，重要的是要考虑到多种因素，比如你家里的光照量，植物所需的气候等等)”可知，选项总结上文说明种植植物也是有趣的。故B选项“不过，这仍然是度过周末的一种有趣的方式！”切题。故选B。（18）Unit 4 Sharing——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.The woman athlete born with a physical ______ (disable) beat her opponent and won the game.
2.Lately, they ______ (relay) the sentence to his cooperative partner, who hasn't aired his opinion.
3.The proposal was greeted with ______ chorus of approval.
4.In the match to come, you are likely to come ______ many powerful opponents.
5.Having resigned ______ his post, he now occupies himself with the welfare of the seniors and lives a meaningful life.
6.For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ the shape of a monkey.
7.It had rained solidly for 10 days prior ______ my arrival and so the falls were at their most spectacular.
8.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment.
9.Both doctors and nursing staff are available for ______(consult).
10.People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often random rather than based on fixed ______(criterion).
二、阅读理解
The first thing most of us do when working with people from a new culture is to learn about differences. And there are very sensible reasons to do so. It helps you avoid cultural misunderstandings. But focusing on differences alone can have its downsides. For one thing, there’s a likely chance you’ll be wrong. Focusing on differences can also be quite mentally taxing. So, if you don’t focus on differences, what then can you do to be more effective across cultures In our experience, an equally reasonable and highly effective alternative technique is to focus on similarities. And this change in perspective can have some pretty powerful effects.
If you think about it, this is probably exactly how you establish connections and relationships in your own culture. You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship. Although we tend to approach cross-cultural interactions quite differently, the same technique actually works just as well across cultures. When focused on similarities, you’re open to — and, in fact, looking for — a potential connection. Perhaps it’s a hobby you share in common with a coworker, or maybe both of you at a business meeting abroad have families you’re trying to connect with. By focusing on similarities you have the power to create connections and build relationships that either eliminate cultural differences or make them irrelevant.
Another advantage of this approach is that your coworkers are more likely to feel that you see them as an individual. On the other hand, focusing on similarities means you are suited to the particularities of the specific person you are interacting with. This is more likely to result in the other party feeling seen and heard for who they are, and can kick off a positive lift of mutual (相互的) openness and trust.
11.Why do people focus on differences in a multicultural company
A. To emphasize their own culture. B. To reduce unnecessary troubles.
C. To take advantage of other culture. D. To make the workplace multicultural.
12.What’s the significance of focusing on similarities in a multicultural company
A. The origin of the hobbies. B. The start of work efficiency.
C. The foundation of connections. D. The improvement of your family.
13.What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Maintain. B. Strengthen. C. Remove. D. Worsen.
14.Which is the advantage of focusing on similarities in the last paragraph
A. Making others feel valued. B. Making yourself centred.
C. Indicating your interest. D. Making others adapt to your culture.
三、七选五
Body language around the world
It is said that our body language exhibits information about our thoughts and feelings. But the implied meaning of these common signals we use every day can mean something wildly different in another culture. ① _________ From them, you can know how to integrate and what to avoid.
Greetings
② _________ Handshakes and hugs are common practices in Western societies in places like the US and UK, but in parts of Europe such as France and Italy, handshakes are a slightly more personal greeting. It’ common to linger for longer, which some visitors may find uncomfortable.
Hand and arm gestures
As standard, Italians use their arms and hands to gesture constantly while talking, whereas in Japan, this is considered bad manners. If you’re in Belgium or Northern Italy, be sure to avoid brushing your hand underneath your chin when speaking — it is a vivid way to tell someone to go away! ③_________ Well, hopefully you haven’t visited Greece or Sardinia yet, where it is considered to be as rude as a middle finger signal in the West.
Head and movements
In many parts of Eastern Europe, the standard nodding and shaking signifying yes and no respectively are switched, which can, of course, get very confusing. In Japan, staring too long is considered rude, invasive or even an act of aggression. Our special gesture, though, has to be this traditional signal from Tibet, China. If someone is sticking their tongue out at you in the street, all may not be as it seems! ④ _________ But in Western cultures, it is considered playful, silly or even bad-mannered.
All in all, body language plays a significant role in communicating with people from other cultures. ⑤ _________
A. It can send signals stronger than words.
B. My body utters when I try to hide something.
C. In fact, it’s a way of demonstrating respect.
D. In the UK and Australia, the sign means victory.
E. Do you think the thumbs-up sign a universal gesture for “great”
F. Here is an introduction to the most unusual examples across the globe.
G. In various parts of India, it’s common to greet one another by touching feet.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：disability
解析：考查名词。句意:那位天生有身体残疾的女运动员打败了她的对手,赢得了比赛。a physical disability 表示“身体残疾”,根据前面的a可知这里应用单数名词,故填disability。
2.答案：have relayed
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:最近,他们把判决传达给了他的合作伙伴,但他还未公开发表意见。根据句首的 Lately以及语境可知,设空处应该用现在完成时态,主语 they为复数意义,故填have relayed。
3.答案：a
解析：句意为:该提议获得大家异口同声的赞成。a chorus of...意为“异口同声的……”。故填a。
4.答案：across
解析：句意为:在即将到来的比赛中,你可能会遇到很多强大的对手。come across 为固定搭配,意为“遇见;碰见”。故填across。
5.答案：from
解析：句意为:他从自己的岗位上辞职后,现在忙于老年人的福利事业,过着有意义的生活。resign from...为固定搭配,意为“从……辞职”。故填from。
6.答案：in
解析：句意为:在我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。in the shape of...为固定搭配,意为“……形状”。故填in。
7.答案： to
解析：句意为:在我到达之前,已经连续下了10天的雨,所以这时的瀑布是最壮观的。prior to...是固定短语,意为“在……之前”。故填to。
8.答案：for
解析：句意为:她提醒人们注意社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。take responsibility for (doing) sth为固定搭配,意为“承担(做)某事的责任”。故填for。
9.答案：consultation
解析：句意为:医生和护理人员都可以咨询。此处作介词for的宾语,应用名词。故填consultation。
10.答案： criteria
解析：句意为:人们抱怨批准或拒绝某一许可证的决定常常是随意的,而不是基于固定的标准。criterion是可数名词,此处表示不止一个标准,所以应用复数形式。故填criteria。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The first thing most of us do when working with people from a new culture is to learn about differences. And there are very sensible reasons to do so. It helps you avoid cultural misunderstandings.(当我们与来自新文化的人合作时，我们大多数人做的第一件事就是了解差异。这样做有一些非常明智的理由。它有助于你避免文化误解。)”可知，在多元文化公司中，人们关注差异是为了减少不必要的麻烦。故选B。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship.(当你接近一个人时，你不会思考你们所有可能不同的地方；相反，你会自然地被相似性所吸引，找到你们可能共有的东西，以此作为关系的基础。)”可知，在多元文化公司中关注相似性可以建立联系的基础。故选C。
13.答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词句上文“You don’t approach a person thinking about all the potential ways you could be different; instead, you naturally gravitate to similarities, finding things you might have in common to form the basis of a relationship.(你不会在接近一个人时就去想你们之间所有可能的不同之处；相反，你会自然而然地被相似之处所吸引，寻找你们可能共有的东西，作为建立关系的基础。)”可知，通过关注相似性，你有能力创造联系并建立关系，从而消除文化差异或使它们变得无关紧要，由此可知，eliminate意为“消除”，与选项C“Remove”意思相近。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Another advantage of this approach is that your coworkers are more likely to feel that you see them as an individual.(这种方法的另一个优点是，你的同事更有可能觉得你把他们当作个体来看待。)”等内容可知，关注相似性的优势是让别人感到被重视。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FGECA
解析：①根据上文“But the implied meaning of these common signals we use every day can mean something wildly different in another culture.(但是，我们日常使用的这些常见信号的隐含意义在另一种文化中可能有着截然不同的含义。)”以及下文“From them, you can know how to integrate and what to avoid.(从他们那里，你可以知道如何整合和避免什么。)”可知，前文提到日常身体语言信号在不同文化中有不同含义，后文介绍了世界各地不同身体语言的例子，F选项Here is an introduction to the most unusual examples across the globe.(这里介绍一些全球最不寻常的例子。)可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，符合语境。故选F。
②此段主题是“Greetings(问候)”,G选项In various parts of India, it's common to greet one another by touching feet.(在印度的不同地区，通过触摸脚来互相问候是很常见的。)可知，与问候方式相关，符合该段主题。故选G。
③根据下文“Well, hopefully you haven't visited Greece or Sardinia yet, where it is considered to be as rude as a middle finger signal in the West.(好吧，希望你还没有去过希腊或撒丁岛，在那里，这个手势在西方被认为和竖中指一样粗鲁。)”可知，后文提到在希腊或撒丁岛，某个手势被认为和西方竖中指一样粗鲁，且前文介绍了不同手势的含义，E选项Do you think the thumbs-up sign a universal gesture for "great" (你认为竖起大拇指这个手势在全世界都表示“很棒”吗 )可知，引出下文关于竖起大拇指手势在不同文化中含义不同的内容，符合语境。故选E。
④根据上文“Our special gesture, though, has to be this traditional signal from Tibet, China. If someone is sticking their tongue out at you in the street, all may not be as it seems!(我们的特殊身势语，必须是这个来自中国西藏的传统信号。如果有人在街上对你吐舌头，一切可能都不像看起来的那样!)”可知，前文提到在中国西藏，如果有人在街上向你吐舌头，情况可能并非看上去那样，C选项In fact, it's a way of demonstrating respect.(事实上，这是一种表示尊重的方式。)可知，解释了吐舌头这个动作在西藏文化中的真实含义，与后文在西方文化中的含义形成对比。故选C。
⑤根据上文“All in all, body language plays a significant role in communicating with people from other cultures.(总之，肢体语言在与其他文化背景的人交流中起着重要的作用。)”可知，前文强调身体语言在与其他文化的人交流中起着重要作用，A选项It can send signals stronger than words.(它能发出比言语更强烈的信号。)可知，进一步强调身体语言的重要性，总结前文。故选A。（10）Unit 5 Poems——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.The world owes a lot to Nelson Mandela for his consistent support for ______ (race) equality and human rights.
2.It is a challenging job ______ you need to closely cooperate with the other team members.
3.We’ll discuss a case ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
4.The waves carried me to an area ______was near the fishermen.
5.The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through ______ he could see what is happening outside.
6.The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
7.The man ______ is standing over there is my English teacher.
8.The only thing ______ matters is that safety should be given the highest priority.
9.He is an expert on rice planting from ______ the local villagers have learnt a lot.
10.______ is mentioned above, peanuts are fit to grow in sand fields.
二、阅读理解
Like many fans, Jerad Castillo has a box full of tickets from the games and concerts he’s attended. There are some great memories — like a ticket for the U. S. Open Golf Tournament in 2019. And painful ones — like one from when his beloved Texas Rangers lost in Game 5 of the World Series in 2010．
But Castillo hasn’t added to his collection for a while. Tickets are digital now, but the 40-year-old Fort Worth resident still misses his treasured stubs (票根). “You have your digital ticket, but as soon as you enter the event and that day goes, you have nothing to look back on that, you know ” he says.
But there’s good news for fans like Castillo. Some sports teams and concert promoters are starting to sell physical tickets again. Not the ones from the past, with the bar codes and the tear-off stubs. These are much higher quality, usually with a nice photo or art design. Typically, they are issued to mark a big game or moment.
They are becoming a bit of a hit, according to Weldon, Williams & Lick (WW&L), a printing company that is working to produce the tickets. “There’s still always that connection to an actual ticket,” says Evan Gitomer, the company’s chief revenue officer. “It reminds you, and it takes you back, just like the sense of smell.”
WW&L has been producing tickets for over a century. Today, they’ve found a niche producing paper souvenir tickets for big events. These tickets usually sell for $15 to $20. They’re not included in the game’s actual admission price, so some fans resent having to pay more money later for a ticket to a game or event they already attended. But they are selling and the company’s income has more than doubled in the last couple of years.
“There’s probably some type of limit to where this can actually get to,” Gitomer says. But he adds that every time he thinks that, he bumps into a fan who appreciates the chance to own a physical reminder of a game or a concert from a favorite artist.
11.What differs the new physical tickets from the previous ones
A. They are made of plastic. B. They are sweet to smell.
C. They have photos on them. D. They can be obtained online.
12.What does the underlined word “resent” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Admit. B. Hate. C. Consider. D. Suggest.
13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Some fans like souvenir tickets.
B. Gitomer has some fans of his own.
C. There is a limit to buying paper tickets.
D. Not all have the chance to get souvenir tickets.
14.What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Many People Miss Paper Tickets
B. Why Are Paper Tickets Disappearing
C. Digital Tickets Are Being Resisted
D. Who Are Fond of Physical Tickets
三、七选五
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. ① _________
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude. ② _________ Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
③ _________ This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms (症状) and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●④ _________
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic (过敏) to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. ⑤ _________ Remember — there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案： racial
解析：句意为:世人要感谢纳尔逊·曼德拉,因为他一贯支持种族平等和人权。设空处修饰名词,作定语,应用形容词。故填racial。
2.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一项具有挑战性的工作，你需要与其他团队成员密切合作。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a challenging job，表抽象地点，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
3.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一个英语初学者不能正确使用英语的案例。定语从句修饰先行词case，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
4.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：海浪把我带到了靠近渔民的地方。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是an area，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
5.答案：which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：那个顽皮的男孩在墙上打了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到外面发生的事情。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词through+关系代词引导的定语从句，代替先行词hole在从句中作through的宾语成分，应用关系代词which。故填which。
6.答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感。此处是定语从句，先行词是The little problems ，指物，在从句中作宾语，先行词又被 little修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
7.答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意:站在那边的那个人是我的英语老师。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词The man，指人，在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词who/that导。故填who/that。
8.答案：that
解析：此句为定语从句，先行词是 “thing”，且被 “the only” 修饰。在定语从句中，当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same 等词修饰时，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which。此句中 “that matters” 作定语修饰 “the only thing”，故填 that 。
9.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他是一位水稻种植专家，当地村民从他那里学到了很多东西。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词expert，关系代词作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。
10.答案：As
解析：题意:正如上面提到的,花生适合在沙地上生长。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,在主句前,修饰主句,空处在从句中作主语,表示"正如",故应用关系代词as;句首字母大写。故填 As。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Some sports teams and concert promoters are starting to sell physical tickets again. Not the ones from the past, with the bar codes and the tear-off stubs. These are much higher quality, usually with a nice photo or art design.(一些体育队伍和演唱会推广者开始再次销售实体票。不是过去那种带有条形码和可撕下的副券的票。这些新票通常质量更高，常常配有精美的照片或艺术设计)”可知，新的实体票与过去的票不同，它们通常带有精美的照片或艺术设计。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第五段“They’re not included in the game’s actual admission price, so some fans resent having to pay more money later for a ticket to a game or event they already attended.(这些纪念票并不包含在实际的入场票价中，因此一些粉丝对需要为已经参加过的比赛或活动再额外支付一笔钱购买纪念票而resent)”可知，对于额外收费这种事情，大家应该都是感到反感或讨厌的。因此，“resent”在这里的意思是“反感”或“讨厌”,故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“ ‘There’s probably some type of limit to where this can actually get to,’ Gitomer says. But he adds that every time he thinks that, he bumps into a fan who appreciates the chance to own a physical reminder of a game or a concert from a favorite artist.(但他补充说，每次他这样想的时候，总会遇到一位粉丝，对方很感激有机会拥有一张来自喜爱的艺术家的音乐会或比赛的实体纪念票)”可知，尽管Gitomer认为纪念票的市场可能有上限，但他总是遇到欣赏这种实体纪念票的粉丝。这表明许多粉丝喜欢纪念票。故选A。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Tickets are digital now, but the 40-year-old Fort Worth resident still misses his treasured stubs.(如今，票务已经数字化了，但这位40岁的沃斯堡居民仍然怀念他珍藏的那些票根)”及全文可知，文章主要讲述了随着数字票务的普及，许多粉丝还是在怀念实体票根，因此，A选项“许多人怀念纸质票”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤BEDFA
解析：①根据前句Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you表示"与你的医生畅所欲言可以让你感觉好些，并向你的医生提供她或他需要的信息，以便为你提供最好的护理。不要害怕或尴尬地讨论困扰你的事情",以及后文方法的介绍，可知表示"这里有一些与你的医生交谈的小贴士"的选项B符合题意，故选B。
②根据后句Think teamwork! Think positive表示"团队合作!正面看问题",可知表示"记住，你的医生和其他护理人员都站在你这边"的选项E符合题意，故选E。
③根据主题句Keep track of how you are feeling表示"记录你的感受",可知表示"在你的医生来之前，记下你的感受"的选项D符合题意，故选D。
④根据后句Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know表示"你的病史是你的疾病，治疗，医生告诉你做什么,以及你认为你的医生应该知道的任何事情的清单",可知表示"带上你的病史，包括你目前的药物清单"的选项F符合本段的主题，故选F。
⑤根据前句To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment表示"当你不在医生办公室时，为了记住你的所有问题，把它们写下来，并带着清单去你的预约",可知表示"这将使获得答案更容易"的选项A符合题意，故选A。（13）Unit 2 Iconic Attractions——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.According to a report _____(release) by an environmental research group, of the three billion people who live in cities now, about one billion live in unplanned settlements.
2.My car broke down halfway, so I need to have it _____(repair).
3.She stuck to her post though she had her arm _____(break) a month ago.
4.The question _____(discuss) just now is about when to start the journey to the US.
5.Jim would never forget the happy time _____(spend) with his parents in the countryside.
6._____(defeat) again, he didn't lose heart.
7.The government worked out a new regulation _____ (aim) at reducing road accidents.
8.It is our responsibility to have the household garbage _____ (sort) before throwing it.
9._____(locate) in the city of Guanghan, the ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed to be the remains of the Shu Kingdom.
10.The astronaut remained _____ contact with ground control throughout the flight.
二、阅读理解
In my mind, the effect that experience had on me lasted forever. I was determined to learn swimming at the age of ten. There was a pool, at the K.P.L.B., offering the opportunity. My mother constantly warned against it, and bore fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the K.P.L. B. pool was safe.
My fear of water started from childhood. It began when I was four years old and father took me to the beach. There the huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The K.P.L.B. pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, “Hi, Skinny! How’d you like to be ducked ” With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits—when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly. When I came to consciousness, I found myself on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, I practiced hard and finally he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instruction was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on till July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, “Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me ”
I had conquered my fear of water.
11. Why was the author frightened of water originally
A. His swimming skill was very poor.
B. An experience at the beach affected him.
C. He had an unpleasant memory of the pool at the age of four.
D. His mother warned him about the danger of being drowned.
12. Which of the following is right about the author’s experience in the K.P.L.B. pool
A. The experience made him aware that the pool was safe.
B. The big boy eagerly helped him conquer the fear of water.
C. When thrown into water, he knew someone would save him
D. While he had no skill in swimming, he struggled to go upwards.
13. Which of the following can be used to describe the author
A. Diligent and cautious. B. Determined and grateful.
C. Dependable and adaptable. D. Humorous and courageous.
14. What does the author try to tell us
A. A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
B. Do one thing at a time, and do well.
C. Deed divides beings into lower and higher ones.
D. Success always comes from daring to challenge.
三、七选五
So, what does it take to be great I thoroughly reject the “10 years, 10,000 hours” notion that anyone can be an expert if they just put in enough time. ① _________
Another reality though is that you can’t control your genes. If you received good ones from your parents thank them. If you didn’t, don’t blame your parents because they didn’t choose their genes either. ② _________
Inborn ability is certainly a wonderful thing to have been given, but it is a bit overrated. ③ _________ What this means is that you need inborn ability to be great, but it isn’t enough. The world is full of gifted failures, of “can’t miss kids” who missed. Talent is only the starting point to greatness and, if you’re fortunate enough to have won the genetic lottery, it puts you ahead of the field at the beginning the race to be great. ④ _________ You have to work hard. push your limits, and struggle mightily to get to the finish for anything in life worth pursuing greatness in.
Ultimately, being great isn’t about being objectively great because, as noted above, the chances that you will achieve true greatness in some aspect of your life is, statistically, very small. ⑤ _________ I define that as fully realizing whatever ability you were born with. That inborn ability may not be enough to be a superstar in your area of achievement, but, if you do what is necessary, you will find a reasonable level of success.
A. Instead, let it go and focus on what you can control.
B. But, of course, races aren’t won at the start, but at the finish
C. Rather, your goal should be to find your own personal greatness.
D. Inborn ability is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to greatness.
E. You might think that personal greatness isn’t the same as true greatness.
F. The reality is that genes matter, whether inborn intelligence or inborn physical talent.
G. They enjoy the struggles they experienced and the satisfaction of overcoming them.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：released
解析：句意为:根据一个环境研究小组发布的报告,现在生活在城市里的30亿人中,大约有10亿人生活在未经规划的定居点。分析句子结构可知,句子的主干是about one billion live in unplanned settlements,句中已有谓语动词live,设空处须填非谓语动词作后置定语,a report和release之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。故填released。
2.答案：repaired
解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,it指代My car,和repair在逻辑上是被动关系,故用过去分词。故填repaired。
3.答案：broken
解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:尽管一个月前她的手臂骨折了,但她仍坚守岗位。此处是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,arm和break在逻辑上是被动关系,故填broken。
4.答案：discussed
解析：句意:我们刚才讨论的问题是关于何时启程去美国。考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的The question, The question和discuss之间是被动关系,故填discussed。
5.答案：spent
解析：考查过去分词作定语。句意:吉姆永远不会忘记和父母在乡下度过的快乐时光。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的the happy time, spend和the happy time之间是被动关系,故填spent。
6.答案：Defeated
解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意:虽然再次被打败了,他却没有灰心。句中已有谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语形式,逻辑主语he与defeat之间是被动关系,故填Defeated。
7.答案：aimed
解析：句意为: 政府制定了一条旨在减少道路事故的新法规。be aimed at 为固定短语, 意为 “旨在; 目的是”, 此处 ______ at... 作后置定语。故填 aimed。
8.答案：sorted
解析：句意为: 扔家庭垃圾之前先将它进行分类, 是我们每个人的职责。此处为 “have+宾语+宾补”结构, sort 和 the household garbage 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故使用其过去分词形式作宾补。故填 sorted。
9.答案： Located
解析：句意为:该遗址位于广汉市,占地12平方千米,被认为是蜀国遗址。分析句子成分可知,该句已有谓语are believed to be,设空处应用非谓语动词作状语;be located in为固定用法,意为“位于;坐落于”。故填Located。
10.答案： in
解析：句意为:这名宇航员在整个飞行过程中始终与地面控制人员保持着联系。in contact with...为固定搭配,意为“与……联系”。故填in。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。第二段中“My fear of water started from childhood. It began when I was four years old and father took me to the beach. There the huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.”（我对水的恐惧始于童年。这始于我四岁的时候，父亲带我去了海滩。在那里，巨大的海浪把我撞倒，然后席卷了我。），从翻译可知，作者最初害怕水是因为在海滩上的一次经历影响了他（An experience at the beach affected him.），故选B。
12.答案： D
解析：推理判断题。第三段中“With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits—when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.”（说着，他把我抱起来，扔进了深水区。我坐着落水，还呛了水。但我并没有吓得惊慌失措——当我的脚触到池底时，我会用力一跳，浮出水面。感觉下面很深。我落水时攒足了力气，然后向上做了一个我认为很大的弹跳。然后我睁开眼睛，只看到了水。我试图呼喊，但没有发出任何声音。我不停地往下沉。），从翻译可知，当作者被扔进水里时，虽然他没有游泳技能，但他努力向上挣扎（While he had no skill in swimming, he struggled to go upwards.），故选D。
13.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。从文中“Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, I practiced hard and finally he built a swimmer.”（最后，我决定找一位教练。我一步一步地努力练习，最终教练让我成为了一名会游泳的人。）可以看出作者是勤奋的（Diligent），不断努力练习；从“Sometimes the terror would return. This went on till July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, ‘Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me ’”（有时恐惧会再次袭来。这种情况一直持续到七月。我游过了温特沃斯湖。恐惧只回来了一次。当我在湖中央时，我把脸埋入水下，只看到了深不见底的水。我笑着说：“好吧，恐惧先生，你觉得你能把我怎么样？”）可以看出作者是谨慎的（cautious），虽然学会了游泳，但恐惧仍会出现，并且在游湖时也小心面对恐惧，所以作者的特点是勤奋且谨慎（Diligent and cautious.），故选A。
14.答案： D
解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述了作者小时候因为在海滩的经历而害怕水，在游泳池又有不愉快的经历，导致一直恐惧水，但后来作者决定找教练，努力练习，最终克服了对水的恐惧，游过了温特沃斯湖。这表明成功总是来自于敢于挑战（Success always comes from daring to challenge.），A选项“A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.”（吃一堑，长一智）；B选项“Do one thing at a time, and do well.”（一次只做一件事，并且做好它）；C选项“Deed divides beings into lower and higher ones.”（行为将生物分为低级和高级），均不符合文章主旨，故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FADBC
解析：①由上文“So, what does it take to be great I thoroughly reject the ‘10 years, 10,000 hours’ notion that anyone can be an expert if they just put in enough time.(那么，怎样才能成为伟大的人呢？我坚决反对‘10年，10000小时’的观点，即只要投入足够的时间，任何人都可以成为专家。)”可知，作者这里否定只要时间足够就能成为专家，而F项The reality is that genes matter, whether inborn intelligence or inborn physical talent.(事实上，基因很重要，无论是天生的智力还是天生的身体天赋。)符合语境，即提出自己的观点——基因决定能否成为伟人，且The reality 与下文Another reality 对应，有启下作用。故选F。
②由上文“Another reality though is that you can’t control your genes. If you received good ones from your parents thank them. If you didn’t, don’t blame your parents because they didn’t choose their genes either. (另一个现实是，你无法控制你的基因。如果你得到了父母的好基因，感谢他们。如果你没有，不要责怪你的父母，因为他们也没有选择自己的基因。)”可知，这里讲你无法控制你的基因，而A项Instead, let it go and focus on what you can control.(相反，不必追究它，专注于你能控制的事情。)符合语境，其中Instead与上文形成转折，can control也与上文 can’t control形成对比。故选A。
③由下文“What this means is that you need inborn ability to be great, but it isn’t enough. (这意味着你需要天生的能力才能变得伟大，但这还不够。)”可知，这里讲天生的能力也并不足够让你变得伟大，而D项Inborn ability is a necessary but not sufficient contributor to greatness.(天生的能力是伟大的必要因素，但还不够。)符合语境，其中Inborn ability与上下文对应，下句也对本句进行了解释说明，所以本句有启下作用。故选D。
④由上文“Talent is only the starting point to greatness and, if you’re fortunate enough to have won the genetic lottery, it puts you ahead of the field at the beginning the race to be great. (天赋只是伟大的起点，如果你足够幸运地赢得了基因彩票，它会让你在比赛一开始就处于领先地位。) ”可知，这里主要讲天赋只是让你起点领先，但不保证终点能领先。而B项But, of course, races aren’t won at the start, but at the finish(但是，当然，比赛不是在开始时获胜，而是在结束时获胜)符合语境，其中at the start与上文at the beginning对应，at the finish与下文get to the finish 对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选B。
⑤由下文“I define that as fully realizing whatever ability you were born with. That inborn ability may not be enough to be a superstar in your area of achievement, but, if you do what is necessary, you will find a reasonable level of success.(我将其定义为充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力。这种与生俱来的能力可能不足以成为你成就领域的超级明星，但如果你做了必要的事情，你会找到一个合理的成功水平。)”可知，这里主要讲充分认识到你与生俱来的任何能力来实现适合你自己的伟大，而C项Rather, your goal should be to find your own personal greatness.(相反，你的目标应该是找到自己的个人伟大之处。)符合语境，其中 your own personal greatness为下文 that的指代内容，所以本句有启下作用。故选C。（1）Unit 1 Art——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.My aim is ______(let) China go to the world and let the world understand China.
2.As a college graduate, his life goal is ______(devote) himself to the field where he is in need most.
3.The ______(expand) of the city has brought damage to the natural surroundings.
4.The club couldn't guarantee ______(meet) the demands of all members.
5.She became the first woman ever ______(win) the 100 metres Olympic gold in her country.
6.Unexpectedly, his new artwork was assessed ______ two million dollars in the art exhibition.
7.The misadventure is more likely ______ (strong) his willpower.
8.I am delighted ______(inform) you that you have got the first prize.
9.Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream ______(explore) space.
10.I don't know what to do to persuade them______(change) their mind and develop a good relationship with them.
二、阅读理解
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
11.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
12.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
13.What do we know about the “mini community library”
A. It provides phone service for free.
B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers.
D. Books must be returned within a month.
14.Why did the author start to use the “library”
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books.
D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
三、七选五
Personal Development For Teens
Teenagers may face many challenges unique to them. Below are some steps to help you evolve and be a better person in your teens.
Learn new skill
Sometimes, a side-skill you have gained along the way turns out the very thing that creates an opportunity for success. ①_________ You shouldn’t be forced to determine your future based on your grades and choices in high school, so learning new skills will definitely come in handy later.
Try to socialize more
②_________ Wherever you go and whatever you do, the ability to blend in and communicate with others can save you in tough times. Socializing, making friends, and forming healthy relationships can help you learn things you could never find out on your own.
Have a better lifestyle.
Your lifestyle forms your character, and the way you live defines who you are. ③_________ On the other hand, having an unhealthy lifestyle may disturb you, put you under stress, and eventually harm you in the most unbelievable ways.
Take care of your health
Without health, it is almost impossible to enjoy life to its fullest. Money, grades, or events are replaceable; your health is not. And while it is very important to maintain good physical health, we cannot forget about our mental health. ④_________
Embrace positivity
Try to avoid people who ruin everything with negativity and befriend those who give you positive vibes (感应). ⑤_________ How can you improve your yourself if your surroundings keep telling you that changing for the better is useless Negative people give up quickly because they can never see the light in the darkness.
Every teenager should be taught and reminded of ways to improve themselves so that they can see a clearer picture of their future.
A. Grasping new skills is an easy job.
B. You need people who make you feel good about life.
C. Force yourself to socialize — even if you don’t want to.
D. Proper communication is crucial if you want to be a better person.
E. Our mind is just as important, and we should give it the same amount of attention.
F. Also, when you are in your teens, you hardly know what you want to do with your life.
G. When you’re at peace with how you live your days, you can focus on improving yourself.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to let
解析：句意为:我的目标是让中国走向世界,让世界了解中国。主语中的aim为抽象名词,通常后接不定式作表语。故填to let。
2.答案： to devote
解析：句意为:作为一名大学毕业生,他的人生目标就是投身于自己最被需要的领域。根据life goal可知,设空处应用不定式作表语,表示将要发生的动作。故填to devote。
3.答案：expansion
解析：句意为:城市的扩张给自然环境带来了破坏。根据设空前的The 和空后的of可知,设空处用名词作主语,expand的名词形式是 expansion,意为“扩张”;根据 has可知,此处为单数,故填expansion。
4.答案： to meet
解析：句意为:这个俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。guarantee to do sth意为“保证做某事”。故填to meet。
5.答案： to win
解析：句意为:她成为该国第一位赢得100米短跑奥运金牌的女性。被序数词修饰的名词后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
6.答案：at
解析：句意为:出乎意料的是,他的新艺术作品在艺术展览会上被估价为200万美元。be assessed at...为固定表达,表示“估值为……”,此处at表示“以……;在……(水平、价格等)”。故填at。
7.答案：to strengthen
解析：“be likely to do sth.” 是固定短语，意为 “很可能做某事”，此处需要用动词原形，“strong” 是形容词，其动词形式 “strengthen” 表示 “加强，增强”，符合语境，即这次不幸遭遇更有可能增强他的意志力。故填to strengthen。
8.答案：to inform
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：我很高兴地通知你，你得了一等奖。动词inform意为“通知”，be delighted to do意为“很高兴做某事”，空处应用动词to do不定式。故填to inform。
9.答案：to explore
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。根据句意可知，此处应用动词explore的不定式to explore作后置定语，修饰名词dream，这是不定式的习惯用法。故填to explore。
10.答案：to change
解析：句意为:我不知道该怎么做才能说服他们改变主意,并与他们建立良好的关系。persuade sb to do sth为固定搭配,意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to change。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的…in my tiny old shared house in London.及…I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.可知，作者铺上沙发罩，点起蜡烛，是为了让他又小又旧的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一些，所以这里的it指的是作者的“shared house”,他希望通过装饰试演环境(即合租房),来打动有才华的演员为自己免费工作。故选B。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的…any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.可知，任何人都可以向“迷你社区图书馆”捐赠图书，为其藏书做贡献。故选B。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!可知，作者发现“迷你社区图书馆”里有一些免费且很不错的图书，所以开始使用。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FDGEB
解析：①由本段小标题“Learn new skill(学习新技能)”可知，下面要说跟“学习新技能”有关的话题。由上文“Sometimes, a side-skill you have gained along the way turns out the very thing that creates an opportunity for success.(有时候，你在学习过程中获得的一项副业技能会为你的成功创造机会。)”及下文“You shouldn’t be forced to determine your future based on your grades and choices in high school, so learning new skills will definitely come in handy later.(你不应该被迫根据你在高中的成绩和选择来决定你的未来，所以学习新的技能肯定会在以后派上用场。)”可知，本句要说明学习新技能的原因，故F选项“Also, when you are in your teens, you hardly know what you want to do with your life.(此外，当你十几岁的时候，你几乎不知道自己的生活想做什么。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选F。
②由本段小标题“Try to socialize more(多参加社交活动)”可知，下面要说跟“社交”有关的话题，由后文“Wherever you go and whatever you do, the ability to blend in and communicate with others can save you in tough times.(无论你走到哪里，无论你做什么,融入他人并与他人沟通的能力都可以在困难时期拯救你。)”可知，本句要表达沟通的能力，故D选项“Proper communication is crucial if you want to be a better person.(如果你想成为一个更好的人，适当的沟通是至关重要的。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选D。
③由本段小标题“Have a better lifestyle(拥有更好的生活方式)”可知，下面要说跟“生活方式”有关的话题，由后文“On the other hand, having an unhealthy lifestyle may disturb you, put you under stress, and eventually harm you in the most unbelievable ways.(另一方面，不健康的生活方式可能会打扰你，让你承受压力，并最终以最令人难以置信的方式伤害你。)”可知，本句要表达健康的生活方式的好处，才能与下文不健康的生活方式形成对比。故G选项“When you're at peace with how you live your days, you can focus on improving yourself.(当你对自己的生活方式感到平静时，你就可以专注于提高自己。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④由上文“And while it is very important to maintain good physical health, we cannot forget about our mental health.(虽然保持身体健康很重要，但我们不能忘记我们的心理健康。)”可知，下面要说心理健康也同样重要，故E选项“Our mind is just as important, and we should give it the same amount of attention.(我们的思想也同样重要，我们应该给予它同样的关注。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
⑤由上文“Try to avoid people who ruin every-thing with negativity and befriend those who give you positive vibes (感应).(尽量避开那些用消极情绪破坏一切的人，和那些给你积极氛围的人交朋友。)”和后文“How can you improve your yourself if your surroundings keep telling you that changing for the better is useless Negative people give up quickly because they can never see the light in the darkness.(如果你周围的环境一直告诉你向好的方向改变是没有用的，你怎么能提高自己呢 消极的人很快就放弃了，因为他们在黑暗中看不到光明。)”可知，下面要说和那些给你积极氛围的人交朋友有什么好处，并且与消极的人的影响形成对比。故B选项“You need people who make you feel good about life.(你需要那些让你对生活感觉良好的人。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。（4）Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.Our monitor is the first person we can think of to rely ______, for he is always willing to help whoever is in trouble.
2.It's a great honour for me ______(ask) to deliver a speech to everybody here.
3.It was from Paul that we first heard of the man referred to as a computer ______(special) in software.
4.It is proved that ______(use) the latest scientific equipment allows the sportsmen to get the best out of their training.
5.Public speaking is a common cause of stress for everyone, for example, giving a ______(present) in class.
6.The tourists, all of whom had enjoyed themselves so much in the botanical garden, were worn ______.
7.The conference stimulated him ______(study) the subject more in depth.
8.Most high school students may feel ______(stress) when exams are coming.
9.By distracting the mind ______ the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levels.
10.We should try to change our bad eating habits and have a ______(balance) diet.
二、阅读理解
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible.
Rishi Rawat teaches AI at the University of Southern California’s (USC) Clinical Science Center in Los Angeles. He is part of a team of scientists who are researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the breast.
Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer. He says, “This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.”
David Agus is another USC researcher. He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, “Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”
Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed, doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning. The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer. Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized. The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes.
Agus adds, “All of a sudden, we have the computing power to really do it in real time. We didn’t have the computing power to do this several years ago, but now it’s all changed.”
The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.
11.What is the key to the learning of AI according to the text
A. The input of data. B. The categories of machines.
C. Computers’ recognition ability. D. Scientists’ consistent research.
12.What is the main point of the fourth paragraph
A. Computers will replace doctors in the future.
B. Doctors don’t need any help from machines.
C. Machines can assist doctors in decision-making.
D. David Agus doesn’t believe in the role of machines in medicine.
13.What is the AI’s advantage over traditional methods in cancer identifying
A. It will cost less money. B. It will become more effective.
C. It will relieve patients’ suffering. D. It will correct personal mistakes.
14.Which word can best describe the technology
A. Promising. B. Integrated.
C. User-friendly. D. Challenging.
三、七选五
Once you are invited to list the jobs that robots cannot do, you might first think of doctors and teachers. We can easily imagine robot cleaners and factory workers, but certain jobs demand human touch and innovation. However, are we underestimating (低估) the ability of robots ①_________ Also, some patients might be more at ease sharing personal issues with a machine than a person. ②_________
American education expert Sarah Thompson believes so. And she even speculates (推测) on the year when robots will take over the classrooms: 2030. ③_________ And teachers will function more like assistants. Intelligent robots will read students’ facial expressions, body movements and maybe even brain signals. Then they will customize the teaching accordingly. It’s not a widely-accepted view and it’s unlikely that robots will ever possess true empathy (同感) and the capacity to deeply bond with humans as another human can.
④_________ In some regions of the world, there is a shortage of art and music teachers and around 10-18 percent of students in middle schools lack access to these courses. This problem could be partly solved by robots since they can offer instruction anywhere.
Teachers all over the world are leaving because it is a difficult job and they feel overworked. Perhaps the question is not “Will robots replace teachers ” but “How can robots help teachers ” Office workers can use software to do things. ⑤_________ If robots could cut the time teachers spend marking homework and writing reports, teachers would have more time and energy for the parts of the job humans do best.
A. Teachers will be completely replaced by robots.
B. Teachers consume much time doing jobs unrelated to teaching.
C. Will there be a possible place for robots in the field of education
D. Much time that teachers spend in teaching can be saved by robots.
E. But one thing is clear: A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all.
F. Some cases show that robots already outperform doctors at treating illness.
G. She forecasts robots will take on the key task of providing educational resources.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：on/upon
解析：句意为:我们的班长是我们第一个想起来可以依靠的人,因为他总是愿意帮助任何有困难的人。rely on/upon为固定搭配,意为“依靠”。故填on/upon。
2.答案： to be asked
解析：句意为:我很荣幸能被邀请在这里向大家发表讲话。分析句子结构可知,此处为it is an honour for sb to do sth结构,句中It为形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。因ask与其逻辑主语me之间是被动关系,因此应使用不定式的被动式。故填to be asked。
3.答案： specialist
解析：句意为:我们是从保罗那里第一次听说那个被认为是计算机软件专家的人的。computer specialist意为“电脑专家”。故填specialist。
4.答案：using
解析：句意为:事实证明,使用最新的科学设备能使运动员获得最佳训练效果。分析句子结构可知,此处使用It作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句,从句缺少主语,表示一件已知的事或经验,用动名词作主语。故填using。
5.答案：presentation
解析：句意为:公众演讲对每个人来说都是压力的一个常见原因, 例如, 在课堂上做演示。give a presentation 意为“做演示”。故填presentation。
6.答案： out
解析：句意为:所有在植物园玩得很尽兴的游客都筋疲力尽了。worn out为固定搭配,意为“疲惫不堪的”。故填out。
7.答案： to study
解析：句意为:这次会议促使他对这个问题进行了更深入的研究。stimulate sb to do sth意为“刺激/促使某人做某事”。故填to study。
8.答案：stressed
解析：句意为:当考试即将到来的时候,大部分高中生可能都会感到紧张。feel是连系动词,设空处作表语,此处表示人感到紧张,stress有两个形容词形式,stressful 用来描述“(事物)充满压力的”,stressed 表示“(人)焦虑的,紧张的”,故填 stressed。
9.答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意:人们说,音乐可以通过分散对疼痛的注意力降低压力和焦虑程度。由句意可知此处使用的是固定搭配“distract... from...”,表示“使……从……分心”。故填 from。
10.答案： balanced
解析：句意为:我们应该尽力改变不良的饮食习惯,且应有均衡的饮食。设空处前有不定冠词a,修饰名词diet,应用形容词形式,意为“均衡的”,故填 balanced。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Rawat所说的话“This data helps the machine learn. You can put the data into machines and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that is important to making decisions.”(这些数据有助于机器学习。你可以把数据输入机器，它们会学习模式和模式识别，这对决策很重要)”可知，输入的数据帮助机器学习。因此，人工智能学习的关键是数据输入。故选A。
12.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第四段中“He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors. He says, ‘Computers will not treat patients, but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.’(他认为机器不会取代医生。他说：‘计算机不会治疗病人，但它们会帮助做出某些决定，并寻找人类大脑无法识别的东西。’)”可知，本段主要说明机器可以在决策方面协助医生。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“Currently, researchers take a thin piece of tissue, put it on a small piece of glass and add color to better see the cells. That process could take days or even longer. Scientists say AI can do something better than just count cells. Through machine learning, it can recognize complex patterns, or structures, and learn how the cells are organized.(目前，研究人员将一块薄薄的组织放在一小块玻璃上，并添加颜色，以便更好地观察细胞。这个过程可能需要几天甚至更长时间。科学家表示，人工智能可以做得更好，而不仅仅是数细胞的数量。通过机器学习，它可以识别复杂的模式或结构，并了解细胞是如何组织的)”可知，在癌症识别方面，人工智能与传统方法相比的优势在于它将变得更加有效。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors. It may help them better understand and treat diseases like breast cancer in ways that were never before possible.(人工智能(AI)技术可能很快就会成为医生的有用工具。这可能会帮助他们以前所未有的方式更好地了解和治疗乳腺癌等疾病)”和最后一段“The USC’s researchers are now only studying breast cancer. But doctors predict AI will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.(南加州大学的研究人员现在只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测，人工智能总有一天会对所有类型的癌症产生影响)”可知，人工智能技术可能很快可以帮助医生治疗乳腺癌等疾病，且将来会在所有癌症治疗中发挥作用。因此，这项技术很有前景。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤FDGEB
解析：①上文提到“However, are we underestimating(低估)the ability of robots (然而，我们是否低估了机器人的能力 )”,接下来需要一个与机器人能力相关的例子。F项“Some cases show that robots already outperform doctors at treating illness.(一些案例表明机器人在治疗 疾病方面已经超越了医生。)”与上文相呼应，说明机器人在某些领域的能力可能被低估了，故选F。
②上文提到“Also, some patients might be more at ease sharing personal issues with a machine than a person.(此外，一些患者可能更愿意与机器而不是人分享个人问题。)”,接下来需要一个与机器人在教育领域应用相关的观点。C项“Will there be a possible place for robots in the field of education (机器人在教育领域是否有潜在的位置 )”与上文相呼应，提出了一个关键问题，引出下文的讨论，故选C。
③上文提到“American education expert Sarah Thompson believes so. And she even speculates (推测) on the year when robots will take over the classrooms:2030.(美国教育专家Sarah Thompson相信这一点。她甚至推测机器人将在2030年接管课堂。)”,接下来需要一个与机器人在教育中角色相关的描述。G项"She forecasts robots will take on the key task of providing educational resources.(她预测机器人将承担提供教育资源的关键任务。)”与上文相呼应，进一步说明了专家的观点，故选G。
④下文提到“In some regions of the world, there is a shortage of art and music teachers and around 10-18 percent of students in middle schools lack access to these courses.(在世界某些地区，艺术和音乐教师短缺，大约有10%到18%的中学生无法接触到这些课程。)”,说明有的地方教师是短缺的。E项“But one thing is clear: A robot teacher is better than no teacher at all.(但有一点是明确的 机器人教师总比没有教师好。)”与下文相呼应，指出实在没有人类教师可以使用机器人代替，故选E。
⑤上文提到“Perhaps the question is not ‘Will robots replace teachers ’ but ‘How can robots help teachers ’ Office workers can use software to do things.(或许问题不在于“机器人是否会取代教师”,而在于“机器人如何帮助教师”。)”,接下来需要提出一个人类教师需要机器人帮忙的案例。B项“Teachers consume much time doing jobs unrelated to teaching.(老师们花费大量时间做与教学无关的工作。)”与上文相呼应，引出了机器人可以帮助教师节省时间的观点，故选B。（9）Unit 5 Poems——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.We are _____(sympathy) to those in trouble and try our best to help them.
2.Believe it or not, Jack is not such an intelligent person _____ you think.
3.The army launched a violent attack on the enemy _____ dawn.
4.The manager's behavior was completely beyond _____(comprehend), so everyone present felt confused.
5.The reason _____ the meeting was put off is not known yet.
6.We would never forget the _____(sorrow) looks of the survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake.
7._____ our great sorrow, when we got there, no survivors were found in the expedition.
8.With nobody _____(notice), he slid into the room.
9.The librarian put the books in order on several _____(shelf) in the library.
10.Faced with the charge, the young man insisted that the new evidence would prove his _____(innocent).
二、阅读理解
As Alexandria Country Day School’s sixth-graders created small 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology.
“It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class — inspired by life-size 3D printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon, whose aim is to make affordable housing accessible to everyone.
The tech-focused project quickly developed into an exercise to bring about lasting change, said science teacher Alison McDonald. “When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11. While necessary, those are temporary solutions. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution. In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, shelters, food stores and schools came first. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the communities also emphasised areas for frequent interaction among residents. “We wanted to include extras that would make it feel more like a real community,” said Luke Wazorko, 11.
“They get it!” said Amber Fogarty, president of Mobile Loaves & amp; Fishes, anon-profit organization dealing with homelessness in Austin, after learning about the sixth-graders’ project. “The biggest cause of long-term homelessness is a loss in family relationships,” she said. “Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but the community will. People need a place where they are known and loved.”
Many companies around the world are experimenting with this technology. So far, only interior (内部的) and exterior walls are 3D printed. A team of three to four people complete that task using a computer app and monitoring the process. Roofing, doors, windows, and finishing still need carpenters (木工), electricians and painters. Designs are adaptable to individual preferences. Amber Fogarty said, “It’s a journey of discovery. We don’t know what the future holds for this new technology, but we’re excited about its innovative possibilities.”
11.What gave the sixth-graders the idea of starting the project
A. The technology of an organization.
B. People’s need for affordable homes.
C. 3D printed homes made by a company.
D. Suggestions from their science teacher.
12.What can we infer about the project from Paragraph 3
A. It was too expensive for the homeless.
B. It aimed to create a sense of community.
C. It found a solution to housing problems.
D. It hardly considered people’s daily needs.
13.What did Amber Fogarty think of the project
A. It showed that the homeless were cared for.
B. It collected a lot of money for the homeless.
C. It provided a chance for the homeless to work.
D. It made people in the community accept the homeless.
14.What would be the best title for the text
A. 3D printed homes set a good example to future homes
B. Homeless people receive plenty of help from organizations
C. Showing kindness to the homeless is important in the community
D. Students use 3D printing to create a community for the homeless
三、七选五
The holidays are upon us, and as the end of the year draws ever closer, millions of people will visit friends and relatives. ① _________, especially if your guests don’t know how to read body language and refuse to leave.
Prepare your house properly in advance
To ensure that you can relax and enjoy the time with your guests, take the time to guest-proof your home before the crowds arrive. For example, check that the outdoor lighting is working and sufficient to light the way from parking areas to the front door. ② _________. Protect the floors with spare rugs, waterproof mats, and boot trays so your guests don’t ruin your floors with rain and snow.
③ _________
Your home is your castle, and you obviously get to set the rules. If something is important to you, for example, asking guests to remove their shoes, you should make it very clear so there’s no misunderstanding. Don’t be afraid to place a sign in the entryway with a list of house rules if they’re important to you.
Protect your private spaces
Just because you’re opening your home and inviting people inside doesn’t mean they automatically have the run of the place. While certain areas of the home are going to be considered open to your guests, you can definitely mark certain areas of your home as private and you should. Your own bedroom, the master bathroom, and any room you don’t want people to enter for any reason can be marked. ④ _________.
Secure your valuables
It’s doubtful that your relatives or dear friends have come to your holiday gathering as part of a well-designed plan to rob you. ⑤ _________ — stuff gets knocked over, pushed over the edge of a table or dresser, or picked up and put down in an unexpected spot. To prevent any misunderstandings or property loss, walk through the house before guests arrive and put away anything you’d rather not lose.
A. But accidents happen
B. Clean up the bathrooms
C. Show the rules that are important to you
D. Hosting friends and relatives can be difficult
E. Clear snow and ice from steps, walkways and porches
F. Don’t be afraid to lock a door or put up a sign to make this very clear
G. Guests are going to use your bathrooms and probably wander in and out of the kitchen
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：sympathetic
解析：考查形容词。句意:我们同情那些身处困境的人,并且尽我们最大的努力去帮助他们。be sympathetic to sb.意为“同情某人”。故填sympathetic。
2.答案：as
解析：考查定语从句。句意:信不信由你,杰克不像你认为的那样聪明。设空处无提示词,前面是an intelligent person,结合句意可知“you think”中缺少think的宾语,由此可推测设空处引导定语从句,该定语从句的先行词为an intelligent person,且先行词前面有such,故填as。
3.答案：at
解析：考查介词。句意:这支部队在黎明时分向敌人发动了猛烈的进攻。at dawn意为“黎明时分”。故填at。
4.答案：comprehension
解析：考查名词。句意:经理的行为完全令人费解,所以在场的每个人都感到困惑。根据设空处前的介词 beyond可知这里应用名词。Beyond comprehension意为“令人费解;无法理解”,故填comprehension。
5.答案：why
解析：考查定语从句。句意:会议被推迟的原因仍然不清楚。设空处无提示词且前面是The reason,再结合句意可推断设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词The reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故填why。
6.答案：sorrowful
解析：考查形容词。句意:我们永远不会忘记汶川地震的幸存者的悲伤的表情。由设空处前面的定冠词the和后面的名词looks(表情)可知设空处作定语,修饰名词looks。故填sorrowful。
7.答案：To
解析：考查介词。句意:令我们悲痛万分的是,当我们到达那里的时候,探险队里已经找不到幸存者了。to one’s great sorrow 表示“令某人悲痛万分的是”。故填To。
8.答案：noticing
解析：考查现在分词。句意:趁着没有人注意,他溜进了房间。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。根据句意可知,nobody和notice之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填noticing。
9.答案：shelves
解析：考查名词复数。句意：图书管理员把书整齐地放在图书馆的几个书架上。分析句子结构可知，several ____作介词on的宾语，故用名词，由several可知应用名词复数，故填shelves。
10.答案：innocence
解析：考查名词。句意:面对指控,这个年轻人坚称新的证据将证明他的清白。设空处作prove的宾语且设空处前面是形容词性物主代词his,故填innocence。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段 “It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class, inspired by life-size 3D printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon, whose aim is to make affordable housing accessible to everyone.(“It Takes a Village”最初是一个科学课程项目,灵感来自于德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一家科技公司Icon建造的全尺寸3D打印房屋。这家公司的目标是让所有人都能获得负担得起的住房。)可知,一家公司制作的3D打印房屋给了六年级学生开始这个项目的想法。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the communities also emphasised areas for frequent interaction among residents. “We wanted to include extras that would make it feel more like areal community,” said Luke Wazorko, 11.(但是为了建立归属感和目的感,这些社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域。"我们想要加入一些额外的东西,让这里更像一个真正的社区,"11岁的卢克 瓦佐科说。)可知,这个项目旨在创造一种社区意识。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句"Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but the community will. People need a place where they are known and loved."("单靠住房永远解决不了无家可归的问题,但社区可以。人们需要一个被认识和被爱的地方。")可知, Amber Fogarty认为这个项目表明无家可归者受到了关心。故选A。
14.答案：D
解析：标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段As Alexandria Country Day School's sixth-graders created small 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology.(亚历山大的乡村日校六年级学生为了解决无家可归问题而创建了小型的3D打印村庄,他们从中学到了远远超出技术范畴的教训。)可知,本文主要讲述了六年级的学生们通过3D打印技术为无家可归的人建造社区。选项D.Students use 3D printing to create a community for the homeless(学生们用3 D打印技术为无家可归者创建了一个社区)符合本文最佳标题。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤DECFA
解析：①根据下文“especially if your guests don't know how to read body language and refuse to leave.(尤其是如果你的客人不懂得解读肢体语言，还拒绝离开。)”可知，招待亲朋好友可能会有困难。选项D“Hosting friends and relatives can be difficult(招待亲朋好友可能会很困难)”符合语境，引出下文。故选D。
②根据上文“check that the outdoor lighting is working and sufficient to light the way from parking areas to the front door(检查室外照明是否正常，是否足以照亮从停车场到前门的路)”以及下文“Protect the floors with spare rugs, water proof mats, and boot trays so your guests don't ruin your floors with rain and snow.(用备用地毯、防水地垫和鞋架保护地板，这样你的客人就不会用雨雪弄脏你的地板)”可知，此处应是关于室外其他准备工作的内容。选项E“Clear snow and ice from steps, walk ways and porches(清理台阶、人行道和门廊上的冰雪)"符合室外准备工作的逻辑。故选E。
③空处为小标题，为本段主要内容；根据下文“Your home is your castle, and you obviously get to set the rules. If something is important to you, for example, asking guests to remove their shoes, you should make it very clear so there’s no misunderstanding. Don’t be afraid to place a sign in the entryway with a list of house rules if they’re important to you. (你的家就是你的城堡，显然你可以制定规则。如果有什么对你来说很重要，比如要求客人脱鞋，你应该明确说明，以免产生误解。如果这些规则对你很重要，不要害怕在入口处张贴一份家规清单。)”可知，要说明主人可以在家里制定自己的规则，并让客人明确知道。选项C“Show the rules that are important to you(展示对你来说重要的规则)”能概括本段内容，适合作为小标题。故选C。
④根据上文“Your own bedroom, the master bathroom, and any room you don't want people to enter for any reason can be marked.(你自己的卧室、主浴室，以及任何你出于某种原因不想让别人进入的房间都可以做标记。)”可知，上文指出要让客人清楚这些是私人区域。选项F“Don't be afraid to lock a door or put up a sign to make this very clear(不要害怕锁门或张贴标志来明确这一点)”符合语境，进一步说明如何让客人明确私人区域。故选F。
⑤根据上文“It's doubtful that your relatives or dear friends have come to your holiday gathering as part of a well-designed plan to rob you.(你的亲戚或挚友不太可能是精心策划来你家聚会并抢劫你的)”以及下文“stuff gets knocked over, pushed over the edge of a table or dresser, or picked up and put down in an unexpected spot.(东西可能会被碰倒、从桌子或梳妆台上推落，或者被拿起后放在意想不到的地方)”可知，虽然不太可能是故意抢劫，但意外可能会发生。选项A“But accidents happen(但意外会发生)”符合语境，引出下文关于意外情况的描述。故选A。（11）Unit 1 Science Fiction——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.To lower the housing price, several measures _____(adopt) in the last two years.
2.The school has strict safety measures, including the rule that strangers are not allowed to come in without an _____(appoint).
3.Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty _____ them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
4.As we approached the village, we saw new houses _____ (build).
5.I appreciated _____(give) the chance to study abroad two years ago.
6.The airport _____(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
7.He is so organised that he is likely ______(elect) President of the Students' Union.
8.The vocabulary fits perfectly with the subject, and unfamiliar terms ______ (explain) finely.
9.A lot of information can ______ (infer) from these statistics.
10.The company ______ (found) in 1997, mainly engaged in digging machine repair.
二、阅读理解
A decade ago, humanity launched around 200 objects into space per year. Now we launch more than 2,600, with no sign of slowing down. This rapid expansion of human activity in outer space has filled Earth orbit with space trash (垃圾), from dead satellites to used-up rocket parts.
Currently there are more than 25,000 pieces of trackable human-made trash orbiting Earth. The more we put up there, the greater the chance that pieces of debris (碎片) will strike working spacecraft, creating even more dangerous trash. The disastrous crash in 2009 between the dead Russian satellite Cosmos 2251 and the operational Iridium satellite, for example, generated nearly 2,000 pieces of debris.
Orbital space is a limited resource, and it’s rapidly being consumed by a few organizations, notably Space X, One Web and Amazon’s Project Kuiper. Space X, for instance, aims to launch tens of thousands more satellites to provide global broadband Internet coverage.
If we keep up this pace, orbital space will become unusable — especially low Earth orbit (LEO). If so, we may lose services we’ve come to rely on: continuous communications, GPS mapping, Internet, Earth monitoring, and more. Today nearly every satellite that is launched is equal to a piece of single-use plastic, in that it is to become debris. We are giving everyone free access without global organization and planning, which means eventually no one may be able to use it.
As we continue to push the boundaries of space exploration and commercialization, there is a growing movement to rethink our approach to using the space environment — to move to a strategy anchored in sound waste-management principles. I believe we must leave behind our “linear space economy,” where we use and abandon, and move toward a “circular space economy” — a way to use space that emphasizes the reuse, recycling, and efficient management of space resources.
Just as we are considering how to preserve ecosystems on Earth for future living creatures, we must think of space as an environment worthy of preservation. In fact, reforming how we operate in space is critical for Earth conservation.
11. What is the main concern about the current use of orbital space
A. The high costs of launching satellites. B. The space race among countries.
C. The decreasing usable orbital space. D. The risk of crash between debris.
12. Why does the author compare launched satellites to “single-use plastic” in Paragraph 4
A. They pollute Earth’s environment.
B. They are abandoned as trash after use.
C. They are inexpensive to produce.
D. They are designed for short-term missions.
13. What solution does the author suggest to the problem of space debris
A. Using space resources sustainably.
B. Relocating all satellites to higher orbits.
C. Banning all commercial satellite launches.
D. Prioritizing Earth conservation over space exploration.
14. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A. To raise a question. B. To make a comparison.
C. To make an appeal. D. To inspire more thoughts.
三、七选五
Physicist and Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman developed a clever learning method known as the Feynman Technique. It involves explaining what you're learning to others. By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall. ①_____ It also ensures that you understand the topic, because you can only explain an idea if you truly understand it. The technique consists of four repeatable steps.
To begin, choose a concept or topic you wish to fully understand. ②_____ The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it. Moreover, a personally interesting topic will keep you motivated and engaged.
③_____ Write notes and explain it in a way that makes sense to a five-year-old. If you'd rather avoid actually teaching someone, you can just teach it to an imaginary audience. But it works much better if you use a real person. They'll be able to let you know when something isn't clear.
While teaching you may discover gaps in your understanding. ④_____ Review your notes , reread books, or seek external help to ensure you have a complete understanding of the context before moving forward.
Now that you fully grasp the concept, test your understanding by trying to teach it to another person. This will help you identify any remaining areas of uncertainty you need to revisit.
The Feynman Technique is a great way for kids and grown-ups to learn. ⑤_____ You need to actively think about the problem instead of passively reading or listening to someone else. However, with great efforts in mastering this method, you'll see your learning results improve quicker than ever before.
A. It is mentally demanding.
B. This helps the information stick in your mind better.
C. Teach it to a five-year-old, who would give you direct feedback.
D. Your curiosity about it will determine the pace of your learning.
E. Once you have chosen a topic, you can teach it to someone else.
F. Active engagement plays a key role in promoting deeper learning.
G. When this happens, refer back to the original material for the missing pieces.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案： have been adopted
解析：时间状语in the last two years是典型的现在完成时的标志,主语several measures与动词adopt之间为被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态;主语为复数,谓语应用复数形式。故填have been adopted。
2.答案： appointment
解析：句意为:这所学校有严格的安全措施,包括未经预约不允许陌生人进入的规定。此处作介词without 的宾语,且空前有不定冠词an修饰,应用名词形式。故填appointment。
3.答案：about/at
解析：句意为:有时,我们总是想起自己的失败或错误,并为此感到内疚。我们被它们左右,然后我们产生了恐惧。be/feel guilty about/at为固定搭配,意为“对……感到愧疚”。故填about/at。
4.答案：being built　
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:当我们接近那个村庄时,我们看到了新房子正在被建造。此处用“being built”作宾语补足语,表示一个正在进行的被动动作或行为。故填being built。
5.答案：having been given
解析：句意为:我很感激两年前被给予了去国外学习的机会。appreciate doing sth为固定搭配,意为“感激做某事”;结合two years ago可知,“被给予了机会”这一动作已经完成,且I和give之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故此处应用动名词的完成被动式。故填having been given。
6.答案：to be completed
解析：句意为:明年将要建成的机场将有助于推动该地区旅游业的发展。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语 will help promote,设空处应用非谓语动词形式;根据next year可知,complete表示的动作尚未完成,应用不定式作后置定语,表示将来的动作,且complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。
7.答案：to be elected
解析：句意为:他很有条理,因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。be likely to do sth为固定搭配,意为“有可能做某事”,elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用被动语态,故填 to be elected。
8.答案：are explained
解析：句意为: 词汇与主题完全吻合, 且不熟悉的术语被解释得很精确。terms 与 explain 之间是被动关系, 且此处陈述现在的情况或状态, 应用一般现在时的被动语态; 主语 terms 为复数形式,谓语也应用复数形式,故填 are explained。
9.答案：be inferred
解析：考查语态。句意:从这些统计数据中可以推断出许多信息。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且can后跟动词原形。故填be inferred。
10.答案：was founded
解析：句意为:这家公司成立于1997年,主要从事挖掘机维修。此处作谓语,found与主语 The company之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;由in 1997可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。主语为单数,谓语应用单数形式。 故填was founded。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。第三段中“Orbital space is a limited resource, and it’s rapidly being consumed by a few organizations, notably Space X, One Web and Amazon’s Project Kuiper.”（轨道空间是一种有限的资源，并且正在被一些组织迅速消耗，特别是Space X、One Web和亚马逊的柯伊伯项目。）第四段中“If we keep up this pace, orbital space will become unusable — especially low Earth orbit (LEO).”（如果我们继续保持这种速度，轨道空间将变得无法使用——尤其是近地轨道。）从翻译可知，目前对轨道空间使用的主要担忧是可用的轨道空间正在减少（The decreasing usable orbital space.），故选C。
12.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。第四段中“Today nearly every satellite that is launched is equal to a piece of single-use plastic, in that it is to become debris.”（如今，几乎每一颗发射的卫星都等同于一块一次性塑料，因为它最终会成为碎片。）从翻译可知，作者将发射的卫星比作“一次性塑料”是因为它们在使用后就被当作垃圾遗弃了（They are abandoned as trash after use.），就像一次性塑料一样，使用后就被丢弃成为垃圾，故选B。
13.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。第五段中“I believe we must leave behind our ‘linear space economy,’ where we use and abandon, and move toward a ‘circular space economy’ — a way to use space that emphasizes the reuse, recycling, and efficient management of space resources.”（我认为我们必须摒弃我们的“线性太空经济”，即使用后就丢弃的模式，转向“循环太空经济”——一种强调对太空资源进行再利用、回收和有效管理的太空利用方式。）从翻译可知，作者针对太空碎片问题提出的解决方案是可持续地利用太空资源（Using space resources sustainably.），故选A。
14.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。最后一段中“Just as we are considering how to preserve ecosystems on Earth for future living creatures, we must think of space as an environment worthy of preservation. In fact, reforming how we operate in space is critical for Earth conservation.”（就像我们正在考虑如何为未来的生物保护地球上的生态系统一样，我们必须将太空视为一个值得保护的环境。事实上，改革我们在太空中的运作方式对地球保护至关重要。）从翻译可知，最后一段的目的是呼吁人们重视太空环境的保护（To make an appeal.），故选C。
三、七选五
答案：BDEGA
解析：①上文提出“By teaching what you've learned from memory, you engage in active recall”(通过凭记忆教授你学到的东西,你参与了主动记忆)。下文“It also ensures that you understand the topic”讲述上文那种方法的另一个好处。由此可推出,本空内容应该也涉及上文那种方法的好处。故B项“这有助于更好地把信息铭记在心”符合题意。选项中的This指代上文的“teaching what you’ve learned from memory。故选B。
②下文提到“The more interested you are, the faster you'll grasp it”,其中的 interested 与D项中的curiosity呼应。同时D项“你对它的好奇心将决定你学习的速度”与空后句衔接紧密。故选D。
③段落主旨句。根据首段提到的四个步骤可知,空处为第二步,应起到承接上一步,引出下一步的作用,选项E中的“Once you have chosen a topic”是对上一步的承接,“teach it to someone else”与下一步中的“While teaching”呼应。故选E。
④空前讲“在教学过程中,你可能会发现你理解上的差距”。空后讲的“复习你的笔记,重读书籍,或寻求外部帮助”是弥补理解差距的具体方法。由此可知,空处应该也与弥补理解差距的方法有关。故选G项“发生这种情况时,请回到原始材料中查找缺失的部分”。选项中的this指代空前的“you may discover gaps in your understanding”,选项中的“refer back to the original material”与下文的“Review your notes, reread books, or seek external help”意思吻合。故选G。
⑤本段是文章的总结段。空前讲“费曼学习法对儿童和成年人来说都是很好的学习方法”,空后讲“你需要积极地思考问题,而不是被动地阅读或倾听别人的意见”。所以空处应该与费曼学习法在精神状态上的要求有关,故A项“它精神上要求非常高”符合语境。选项中的It指代空前的“The Feynman Technique”。故选A。（16）Unit 3 Sea Exploration——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.The trade agreement is still ______ negotiation and is expected to be signed soon.
2.The boys may have a chance to become ______ (profession) soccer players.
3.Many parents see their children as an ______ (extend) of themselves.
4.His theory remains controversial with quite a few supporters and many ______(opponent) as well.
5.The little girl was the only one ______(survive) the plane crash.
6.She tries ______(set) aside some money every month.
7.They were the first men ______(land) on the moon.
8.The taxi driver often reminds passengers ______(take) their belongings (财物) when they leave the car.
9.They asked the government ______(extend) its period of deliberation.
10.They lose weight for a while, only ______(gain) more when they stop the program.
二、阅读理解
Walking in the local supermarket, you will be caught by the scent (气味) of mixed herbs (香草), mentally transporting you to a kitchen filled with the smell of your favorite home-cooked meal. In no time, your plans for dinner and your shopping list change.
Previous research has found spreading a chocolate scent in a bookstore increased interest in romance books and cookbooks. And natural scents in a store encouraged spending on products with fewer man-made characteristics. Generally, different scents have been shown to influence shoppers’ choices of specific types of clothing.
To understand the effect of herbs, our new research was broken into three parts: experiments in the lab, a field study and online surveys. In our sensory lab at Auckland University of Technology, we invited participants to experience the smell of mixed herbs while shopping in a supermarket. Shoppers bought more baskets of healthy goods when in an environment with the herbal smell compared to the non-herbal smell. In the field study, we spread a herbal scent in two stores and found shoppers experiencing the scent bought more healthy food items than those experiencing no scent. Our online surveys present a similar result-even when the scents are only imagined.
According to the research, when participants are smelling a certain scent, they easily start activities related to the scent. The act of smelling or imagining a herbal scent encourages memories of cooking and eating home-cooked meals prepared from fresh ingredients (食材). We find the mental connection with home-cooking then drives customers to choose and buy related healthy foods rather than processed foods.
Beyond general smells that come from the products, supermarkets often use man-made scents, such as spreading the grapefruit smell in the produce section, and the chocolate smell in the sweet foods section. Understanding the influence of certain smells isn’t just about increasing sales. Supermarkets play a key role in shaping food choices. Using scent marketing to direct customers towards wiser food choices is an under-explored opportunity to achieve better public health results.
11.What can we infer from previous research
A. Bookstore sales keep rising.
B. Material influences the scent quality.
C. Man-made products are gaining popularity.
D. Scent marketing has been widely applied.
12.What does the new research show
A. Natural food markets attract more customers.
B. Herbal scents add to the health value of food.
C. Herbal scents encourage healthy food choices.
D. Mixed smells cause trouble for decision-making.
13.What is the function of paragraph 4
A. Raising doubts. B. Explaining reasons.
C. Suggesting solutions. D. Making comparisons.
14.What is a benefit of using man-made scents in supermarkets
A. Improving public health. B. Promoting food storage.
C. Increasing sales of all products. D. Simplifying product arrangement.
三、七选五
Ways to Boost Your Self-Control
Contrary to popular belief, self-control does not come along by denying yourself something or being “strict” with yourself. It is about loving yourself and developing new habits. ① _____ This is how you get there:
Set clear goals so when it comes down to it, you can think first, act later. When you have knowledge that a greater reward is at stake (得失难料), you are going to have an easier time letting go of immediate satisfaction. Prioritize your list according to what you want to achieve in the future.② _____
Motivate yourself to win and remember that life doesn’t happen to you, it happens for you. Anxiety arises from the belief that you are not in control of your life circumstances but are a victim of them. ③ _____ That will set the stage for you to regain your power and access your inner motivation to win and achieve.
Know your triggers (诱因) and control the stress response. Certain situations, people or even foods will cause your stress response to be triggered. Your job is to pay attention. ④ _____ It could be sleep deprivation, or it could be a tendency to feel overly criticized by your boss. By knowing your triggers, you can either avoid them or develop ways to deal with them.
⑤ _____ Either enlist friends or family members to join you or ask for their support to remind you of your long-term goals. The key here is that no one is allowed to criticize you or cause you to feel guilt or shame. Instead, they are to remind you to love yourself and help you get back on track when you slip up.
A. Get some reliable partners.
B. Who and what causes you to feel emotional
C. You should think twice to avoid possible mistakes.
D. Change your mindset to being a victor of your life.
E. It will help you follow your heart and improve your performance.
F. In other words, it is a positive effort, not one of denial or negativity.
G. When following this process, you will think twice before acting on a sudden urge.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：under
解析：考查介词。句意:这项贸易协定仍在洽谈中,有望很快签署。be under negotiation为固定搭配,意为“正在洽谈”。故填under。
2.答案：professional
解析：考查形容词。句意:这些男孩可能有机会成为职业足球运动员。此处作定语,故填入形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。故填professional。
3.答案：extension
解析：考查名词。句意:许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填 extension。
4.答案：opponents
解析：句意为:他的理论仍有争议,有相当多的支持者也有许多反对者。设空处被many修饰,应用复数,故填opponents。
5.答案： to survive
解析：句意为:这个小女孩是那次飞机失事的唯一幸存者。设空处作后置定语,修饰one,当被修饰词前有the only或序数词等修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。故填to survive。
6.答案：to set
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：她设法每个月存一些钱。try to do sth.为固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”，使用不定式结构作宾语。故填to set。
7.答案：to land
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是第一批登上月球的人。名词由序数词修饰，后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
8.答案：to take
解析：“remind sb. to do sth.” 是固定短语，意为 “提醒某人做某事”，此处用不定式 “to take”，表示提醒乘客拿好财物，符合语境要求。故填to take。
9.答案：to extend
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们要求政府延长审议期。本句谓语为asked，此处为非谓语动词，ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，故用extend“延长”的不定式，作宾补。故填to extend。
10.答案：to gain
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他们减掉了一段时间的体重，但当他们停止这个项目时，体重却增加了更多。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，结合语意，他们减重了一段时间，不料却发现停止项目时，体重增加了更多，空处应用不定式形式表示意料之外的结果。故填to gain。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Previous research has found spreading a chocolate scent in a bookstore increased interest in romance books and cookbooks. And natural scents in a store encouraged spending on products with fewer man-made characteristics. Generally, different scents have been shown to influence shoppers’ choices of specific types of clothing.(之前的研究表明：在书店中传播巧克力气味可以增加人们对浪漫书籍和烹饪书的兴趣，自然气味则促使消费者在人工成分较少的商品上花费更多，不同的气味影响消费者的服装购物选择。)可知香味营销已经广泛应用在不同场景中。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的In our sensory lab at Auckland University of Technology, we invited participants to experience the smell of mixed herbs while shopping in a supermarket. Shoppers bought more baskets of healthy goods when in an environment with the herbal smell compared to the non-herbal smell. In the field study, we spread a herbal scent in two stores and found shoppers experiencing the scent bought more healthy food items than those experiencing no scent. Our online surveys present a similar result-even when the scents are only imagined.(在奥克兰理工大学的感官实验室里，我们邀请参与者在超市购物时体验混合草药的气味。与没有草药气味的环境相比，购物者在有草药气味的环境中购买了更多篮子的健康商品。在实地研究中，我们在两家商店中散布了一种草药气味，发现闻到这种气味的购物者比没有闻到这种气味的购物者购买了更多的健康食品。我们的在线调查也得出了类似的结果——即使这些气味只是想象出来的。)可知，研究显示，在有香草气味的环境中，人们会购买更多的健康食品，即表明香草气味促使人们选择更健康的食品。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的The act of smelling or imagining a herbal scent encourages memories of cooking and eating home-cooked meals prepared from fresh ingredients (食材). We find the mental connection with home-cooking then drives customers to choose and buy related healthy foods rather than processed foods.(闻到或想象一种草药气味的行为会激发人们烹饪和吃用新鲜食材烹制的家常菜的记忆。我们发现，这种与家庭烹饪的心理联系促使消费者选择和购买相关的健康食品，而不是加工食品。)可知，本段通过举例解释了香味影响人们选择健康食品的原因：闻到甚至想象某种气味会引发相关行为的记忆，从而促使人们作出相应的购物选择。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Using scent marketing to direct customers towards wiser food choices is an under-explored opportunity to achieve better public health results.(利用气味营销引导消费者选择更明智的食品，是一个尚未得到充分开发的机会，可以实现更好的公共卫生结果。)可知，人工香味有助于改善公共健康。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ FGDBA
解析：①联系上文题。根据前文Contrary to popular belief, self-control does not come along by denying yourself something or being “strict” with yourself. It is about loving yourself and developing new habits.(与普遍观点相反,自我控制并不是通过自我压抑或对自己"严格"来实现的。它关乎爱自己和培养新习惯。)说明了哪种情况不是自我控制,自我控制与什么有关。这表明,接下来的一句,即空格处,应写明自我控制的本质,以引出全文的主题。F项In other words, it is a positive effort, not one of denial or negativity.(换句话说,这是一种积极的努力,而不是一种否定或消极的行为)符合语境。故选F。
②联系上文题。本段第一句Set clear goals so when it comes down to it, you can think first, act later.(设定清晰的目标,这样当你面临选择时,就能先思考、再行动。)表明,本段写根据目标先思考、后行动有助于进行自我控制,G项When following this process, you will think twice before acting on a sudden urge.(遵循这一过程,你会在冲动之前三思而后行。)符合语境。故选G。
③语境衔接题。根据前文Anxiety arises from the belief that you are not in control of your life circumstances but are a victim of them,(焦虑源于你认为自己无法掌控生活中的境遇,而是成为它们的受害者。)指出焦虑的根源,后文That will set the stage for you to regain your power and access your inner motivation to win and achieve.(这种认知会为你重获力量并激发你内心追求胜利和成就的动力奠定基础。)指出按本空处所说的内容做会带来什么好处,这表明本空处应是一句告诉人们如何摆脱受害者心态的具体做法。D项Change your mindset to being a victor of your life.(改变你的思维模式,成为自己生活的胜利者。)符合语境。故选D。
④语境衔接题。根据前文Your job is to pay attention.(你要做的就是引起注意。)及后文It could be sleep deprivation, or it could be a tendency to feel overly criticized by your boss.(它可能是睡眠不足,或你觉得被老板过度批评。)说明,空处需要一句话既能表明需要引起注意的具体内容是什么,也就是使人们不能很好地进行自我控制的因素是什么,又能概括"睡眠不足"、"觉得被老板过度批评"这两个例子的共同特点。B项Who and what causes you to feel emotional (是谁、或是什么让你感觉情绪化 )符合语境。故选B。
⑤主旨大意题。根据后文Either enlist friends or family members to join you or ask for their support to remind you of your long-term goals.(你可以邀请朋友或家人加入你,或者请求他们的支持,让他们提醒你长期目标。)提到周围的人这个因素在自我控制中的重要作用。A项Get some reliable partners.(找一些可靠的伙伴。)符合语境。故选A。（7）Unit 4 Adversity and Courage——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.The number of deaths from heart disease ______(reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruits and vegetables.
2.Jim ______(phone) Jenny every night for several months.
3.Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ______(make) so far between the two sides.
4.These scientists ______(work) at the project for nearly four years, and I don't know how long it will last.
5.We ______(discuss) the problem for quite a long time, but we haven't reached any conclusions yet.
6.They _______ (investigate) the murder for three weeks, and have already found some valuable clues.
7.By the end of last month, he ______(work) for 30 years and he will retire in August this year.
8.Mary ______(go) to dancing classes every night since January and the courses will end this week.
9.By 12 April, 2022, more than one hundred people had been assigned _______(support) that mountainous area.
10.At last, the lawyer's advice led to the ______(resolve) of this difficult problem.
二、阅读理解
The United States is jam-packed with reminders of our huge oil appetite: since the 1850s, there have been around 3.5 million oil wells across the country. Yet, many of those were abandoned after the companies ran out of business. These forgotten sites, referred to officially as “undocumented orphan wells” (UOWs), can release dangerous chemicals for years. Locating these long-inactive wells is a highly time-consuming process: you could spend countless hours pouring over hundreds of thousands of old maps. However, Artificial Intelligence may offer a faster choice.
Researchers from Berkeley Lab detailed their process for training such an AI model in an article published this week. Based on around 100 maps spanning 45 years, the team asked the AI specifically to identify symbols shaped like a hollow (中空的) black circle that was commonly used to identify oil well. A human data expert then spent 40 hours identifying examples of these symbols which then served as the AI model’s training set. When training the AI, the researchers had to consider other symbols with similar-looking circular patterns that could be mistakenly identified and result in false positives. Some maps were in relatively good condition, but others were worn down over time. Berkeley Lab scientist Charuleka compared this process to “finding a needle in a haystack (干草垛)”.
Once the AI was fully trained to recognize the well symbols, the researchers then applied it to thousands of maps. The model came back with the locations of 1,301 potentially undocumented orphan wells. Scientists then used satellite images from Google Earth to check the locations, looking for visible surface features like well structures and storage tanks, and confirmed 29 wells. For wells invisible from above, researchers conducted on-site investigations using equipment to track down underground metal pipes, confirming an additional 15 wells. Looking ahead, researchers aim to combine AI’s predictive abilities with other modern technologies to speed up the shutting-down process.
“AI can enhance our understanding of the past by processing information from historical data on a scale that couldn’t be achieved just a few years ago,” Charuleka noted, “The more we go into the future, the more you can also use the past.”
11.Why does the author mention the number of oil wells in the first paragraph
A. To highlight the long history of global oil industry.
B. To explain the U.S. efforts in developing oil industry.
C. To stress the huge economic benefits of oil wells.
D. To indicate the need for AI in managing oil wells.
12.Which of the following is the challenge faced during the AI training process
A. Running out of the funds. B. Hiring human data experts.
C. Avoiding misidentification of symbols. D. Keeping the maps in good condition.
13.What is the application of the AI model developed by Berkeley Lab
A. It restores worn-out maps. B. It predicts UOWs’ locations.
C. It assists on-site investigations. D. Keeping the maps in good condition.
14.What is the Charuleka’s attitude towards the application of AI
A. Positive. B. Skeptical. C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious.
三、七选五
Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion — like stress, anger, or frustration. ①_________ Was your mind cluttered (凌乱) with thoughts Or was it paralyzed, unable to think
The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. ② _________ Take the entire minute to do nothing else but feel that emotion.
If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK. ③ _________ When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day. If not, take a deep breath. As you do that, release all that negativity with your breath.
This exercise seems simple — almost too simple. ④ _________ By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it. ⑤ _________ When you lose yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task. Try it. Next time you’re in the middle of a negative emotion, give yourself the space to feel the emotion and see what happens.
Remember to take the time you need to really immerse yourself in the emotion. Then, when you feel you’ve felt it enough, release it — really let go of it. You will be surprised at how quickly you can move on from a negative situation and get to what you really want to do!
A. Yet it is very effective.
B. This will remind you of the steps to the process.
C. Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.
D. What was going through your mind as you were undergoing that negativity
E. While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.
F. Are you willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as you go through the rest of the day
G. You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：will be reduced
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:如果说服人们吃更多的水果和蔬菜, 死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。分析句子结构可知, 设空处充当主句的谓语, 由句意可知用一般将来时态, 且主句主语与reduce之间为被动关系, 故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be reduced。
2.答案：has been phoning
解析：句意:几个月来,吉姆每天晚上都给珍妮打电话。根据时间状语every night for several months可知,设空处动作已经发生且反复进行,强调动作的反复性。故用现在完成进行时。故填has been phoning。
3.答案：has been made
解析：句意：尽管之前有过多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方还没有达成协议。根据句中的时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；又因主语no agreement与make之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been made。
4.答案：have been working
解析：句意:这些科学家已经致力于这个项目将近四年,我不知道它会持续多久。根据时间状语for nearly four years可知,设空处动作已持续了一段时间且仍在进行,强调动作的持续性。故用现在完成进行时。故填have been working。
5.答案：have been discussing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“for quite a long time”和“but we haven't reached any conclusions yet”可知,问题还没讨论完,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为We,故填have been discussing。句意:这个问题我们已经讨论了很长时间,但还没有得出任何结论。故填have been discussing。
6.答案：have been investigating
解析：for three weeks三个星期，是一段时间，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时。由后面的“have already found some valuable clues（已经找到了一些有价值的线索）”可知，调查还在进行中，所以用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时的结构为：have been doing,故填have been investigating。
7.答案：had been working
解析：考查时态。句意:截止到上个月末,他已经工作了30年,将于今年八月份退休。根据时间状语 By the end of last month可知,到过去的某个时间点为止动作一直在进行,根据将于今年八月份退休可知,动作还未结束,应用过去完成进行时,故填had been working。
8.答案：has been going
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:玛丽从一月份开始每天晚上去上舞蹈课,课程将于本周结束。从一月份到现在一直在上舞蹈课,而且还没有结束,所以用现在完成进行时,主语是Mary,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填has been going。
9.答案：to support
解析：考查不定式。句意:截至2022年4月12日,一百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。此处为被动语态be assigned to do sth.,故填to support。
10.答案：resolution
解析：考查名词。句意：最后，律师的建议使这个难题得到了解决。由空前的定冠词the可知此处应该使用名词形式。故填resolution。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet, many of those were abandoned after the companies ran out of business. These forgotten sites, referred to officially as ‘undocumented orphan wells’ (UOWs), can release dangerous chemicals for years. Locating these long-inactive wells is a highly time-consuming process: you could spend countless hours pouring over hundreds of thousands of old maps. However, Artificial Intelligence may offer a faster choice.(这些被遗忘的地方，官方称为“无证废弃油井”（UOWs），可以释放危险的化学物质多年。定位这些长期不活跃的井是一个非常耗时的过程：你可能要花费无数个小时来处理成千上万的旧地图。然而，人工智能可能会提供一个更快的选择)”可知，作者在第一段提到油井的数量是为了说明人工智能在油井管理中的必要性。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“When training the AI, the researchers had to consider other symbols with similar-looking circular patterns that could be mistakenly identified and result in false positives.(在训练人工智能时，研究人员必须考虑其他具有类似圆形图案的符号，这些符号可能被错误识别并导致误报)”可知，避免误认符号是人工智能训练过程中面临的挑战。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The model came back with the locations of 1,301 potentially undocumented orphan wells.(该模型得到了1301口可能未被记录的废弃油井的位置)”可知，伯克利实验室开发的人工智能模型的应用是它预测UOWs的位置。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“ ‘AI can enhance our understanding of the past by processing information from historical data on a scale that couldn’t be achieved just a few years ago,’ Charuleka noted, ‘The more we go into the future, the more you can also use the past.’(‘人工智能可以通过从历史数据中处理信息来增强我们对过去的理解，这在几年前是无法实现的，’Charuleka指出，‘我们越深入未来，你就越能利用过去。’)”可知，Charuleka对AI应用的态度是积极的。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤DECAG
解析：①语境衔接题。根据前文Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion — like stress, anger, or frustration(想想你最近一次感受到的负面情绪，比如压力、愤怒或沮丧)以及后文Was your mind cluttered(凌乱)with thoughts Or was it paralyzed, unable to think (你的脑子里是不是满是杂念 还是它瘫痪了，无法思考 )可知，此处讲述了感受到负面情绪时，心里的想法，所以D项"当你经历那种消极情绪时，你的脑子里在想什么 "符合语境。故选D。
②语境衔接题。根据前文Whatever you're doing, stop and sit for one minute.(不管你在做什么,停下来坐一分钟)以及后文Take the entire minute to do nothing else but feel that emotion.(花整整一分钟的时间去感受那种情绪，什么也不做)可知，此处在讲述感受到负面情绪时，坐下好好感受下，所以E项"当你坐在那里的时候，让自己完全沉浸在消极情绪中"符合语境。故选E。
③语境衔接题。根据前文If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion fora little longer, that is OK.(如果你觉得你需要把这种情绪憋得更久一点，那也没关系)以及后文When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day.(当你觉得自己已经受够了这种情绪时，问问自己是否愿意在今天剩下的时间里一直带着这种消极情绪)可知，此处讲述，如果感受负面情绪时间不够，可以延长，没有关系，所以C项"再给自己一分钟的时间去感受那种情绪"符合语境。故选C。
④联系上文题。设空位于段首句之后，应是对前一句的进一步说明，根据前文This exercise seems simple—almost too simple(这个练习看起来很简单——几乎是太简单了)可知，虽然简单但是有效，是对前文的进一步说明。A项"但它非常有效"符合语境，故选A。
⑤语境衔接题。根据前文By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it.(通过给自己空间去真正感受消极情绪，你是在处理这种情绪，而不是把它压在心里，试图不去感受它)以及后文When you lose yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control. You can clear your head and proceed with your task. Try it. Next time you’re in the middle of a negative emotion, give yourself the space to feel the emotion and see what happens.(当你在情绪中迷失自我，并意识到它只是情绪时，它就失去了控制。你可以清理你的头脑，继续你的任务。试一试。下次当你处于消极情绪中时，给自己一些空间去感受这种情绪，看看会发生什么)可知，此处指给负面情绪一定的空间和关注，所以G项"你实际上是在通过给予它所需的空间和关注来消除这种情绪的力量"符合语境。故选G。（6）Unit 3 Environmental Protection——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.After the failure of the electricity supply the city was ______ chaos.
2.Our best way to remember Yuan Longping is to treasure every grain of rice as well as every day without ______(starve).
3.Robert is said ______(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
4.The “facepalm(捂脸)” is one of the 10 hottest emojis nowadays used by young people, which is ______(frequent) employed in online chats.
5.______ we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
6.______ is believed that the splendid castle made of stone was built in the 16th century.
7.Many polar bears starved ______ death as a result of a lack of sea ice that they use as a platform for hunting seals.
8.You may not find that the meat has already gone bad if you don't make a careful ______(inspect).
9.The officer told The New York Times that over 4,000 smokers ______(fine) since the law came into effect in October.
10.Terrible conditions often force us ______(overcome) our weaknesses over and over again.
二、阅读理解
The quote “Travel far enough, you meet yourself.” by English author David Mitchell may seem cryptic. But if you reflect on the meaning of this statement, there’s actually something very deep about it.
There are a few different ways we can interpret a phrase like travelling far enough. If you think about it literally, there is probably some amount of distance that we need to go. In doing so, when we get to our destination, we will see everything with new eyes. We may be surprised by what we see and change our outlook on life. This interpretation could apply to how people interact in their everyday lives.
People have prejudices, stereotypes (刻板印象) and judgements towards other people based on where they live or grew up. When we travel outside those communities or countries, we learn to appreciate those differences rather than hold them against others.
Another interpretation is one that focuses on feeling confident and comfortable with ourselves while being far away from where we normally hang out and spend time, at home or work.It’s easy to get on a track where we see our habits and routine as comforting. But it’s important that we push our boundaries if we are ever going to make any kind of progress in life.
So take a leap into unknown territory. Explore places that you haven’t been to before. You can change your viewpoint and gain some perspective on who you are as a person.
11.What does the underlined word “cryptic” in paragraph 1 mean
A.Insightful. B.Confusing. C.Accessible. D.Surprising.
12.What do we know from the literal sense of the quote according to the passage
A. We should avoid judging others while travelling.
B. We can see more interaction in travelling.
C. Travelling far enough arises from who we are.
D. Travelling can make us more open.
13.What is travel regarded as in paragraph 4
A. A way to break old habits.
B. A focus on positive feelings.
C. A means of personal growth.
D. A chance to leave familiar places.
14.What might be the best title for the text
A. What Does “Travel Far Enough, You Meet Yourself” Mean
B. How Do We Change Our Mindset and Feel Comfortable
C. What Does Travelling Alone Teach Us About Ourselves
D. How Can We Walk Out of Our Comfort Zone
三、七选五
Outdoor play is beneficial to children beyond the physical activities it provides. It helps them socialize, understand their bodies better and enjoy the outdoors. ①________ While this is a lot of time to a daily schedule, the activities will contribute to the physical and emotional health of children.
②________ There is scientific evidence that playing outside improves health, and children of all ages loving it. The more time children spend in nature, the more likely they are to grow up to be good stewards of our planet. Sunny days not only make outdoor play more enjoyable for children but also contribute to their overall physical and mental well-being.
Nowadays, the amount of time children spend engaging with a device is a key reason why outdoor time should be a scheduled activity. Scheduling time to actively play outdoors sets a natural limit on the amount of time children can spend on a device. It can reduce the risks of a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. ③_________
Knowing why outdoor activities are important to children’s development is the first step to prioritizing (优先考虑) them in children’s schedule. ④_________ To find ideas for places you might go, visit your local parks and entertainment websites or ask people who are fond of outdoor activities.
If you can’t go far or travel isn’t an option, there are still many ways to get outside close to home. ⑤_________ Simple activities like riding a bike, jumping rope, or having a picnic can be lots of fun and get you moving.
A. Playing outside and exploring nature is for all ages!
B. Knowing where to go is another step in the right direction.
C. Besides, it can promote active engagement with their friends.
D. But we don’t necessarily need to travel too far to enjoy nature.
E. School-aged children need about three hours of outdoor play each day.
F. Sunny days provide perfect opportunities to enjoy the joys of outdoor play.
G. You can play in your backyard, or just take a walk around your neighborhood.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意:停电后,城市陷入混乱。in chaos意为“处于混乱之中”。故填in。
2.答案：starvation
解析：考查名词。句意:我们缅怀袁隆平最好的方式就是珍惜每一粒大米和没有饥饿的每一天。由语境可知 without作后置定语,修饰everyday。空格处作介词without的宾语,表示“没有饥饿”。故用名词形式。故填starvation。
3.答案：to have studied
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：据说罗伯特曾经在国外学习过，但我不知道是在哪个国家。从后面studied所用过去时态可知这一事件早已发生，即study表示的动作发生在is said之前，所以须用to have done形式。故填to have studied。
4.答案：frequently
解析：考查副词。句意:"捂脸"是现在年轻人使用的最热门的10个表情符号之一,它在网络聊天中被频繁使用。空格处位于助动词is和过去分词employed之间,作状语,表示"经常地;频繁地"。故用副词形式。故填frequently。
5.答案：If
解析：考查连词。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物将会消失。表示条件“如果”。故填If。
6.答案：It
解析：考查it作形式主语。句意:人们认为这座华丽的石头城堡建于16世纪。It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”,其中It作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填It。
7.答案：to
解析：句意为:许多北极熊因为缺少海冰而饿死,而海冰是它们猎捕海豹的平台。starve to death 意为“饿死”。故填to。
8.答案：inspection
解析：考查名词。句意:如果你不仔细检查,你可能不会发现肉已经变质了。设空处被careful修饰,且前面有不定冠词a,作动词make的宾语,故需要使用所给词的名词形式。故填inspection。
9.答案：had been fined
解析：句意为:这名警官告诉《纽约时报》,自十月份该法律生效以来,已有超过4,000名吸烟者被罚款。设空处是宾语从句的谓语动词,fine与over 4,000 smokers之间是被动关系,由主句中的told可知,此处表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作,应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been fined。
10.答案：to overcome
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：恶劣的条件常常迫使我们一次又一次克服弱点。force sb. to do sth.是常用搭配，意为"迫使某人做某事"。故填to overcome。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段中“But if you reflect on the meaning of this statement, there’s actually something very deep about it.(但如果你思考一下这句话的含义，实际上它蕴含着非常深刻的道理)”可知，但是如果你思考一下这句话的含义，实际上它有很深的内涵。由 but表转折可推测，前面说英国作家大卫·米切尔的名言似乎是“令人困惑的”，cryptic意思与“Confusing(令人困惑的)”相近。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“If you think about it literally, there is probably some amount of distance that we need to go. In doing so, when we get to our destination, we will see everything with new eyes. We may be surprised by what we see and change our outlook on life.(如果你从字面上理解，我们可能需要走一定的距离。这样做，当我们到达目的地时，我们会用新的眼光看待一切。我们可能会对我们所看到的感到惊讶，并改变我们对生活的看法)”可推知，旅行可以让我们以新的视角看待事物，从而可能改变我们的观念，使我们更加开放。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“But it's important that we push our boundaries if we are ever going to make any kind of progress in life.(但重要的是，如果我们想要在生活中取得任何进步，我们必须突破自己的界限)”可知，这里强调的是通过旅行来突破自己的界限，实现个人成长。所以，在第四段中，旅行被视为一种个人成长的方式或手段。故选C
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中The quote “Travel far enough, you meet yourself.” by English author David Mitchell may seem cryptic. But if you reflect on the meaning of this statement, there’s actually something very deep about it.(英国作家大卫·米切尔的名言“走得足够远你就会遇上你自己”可能看起来很神秘。但如果你仔细思考这句话的含义，你会发现它其实有很深的含义)以及下文对这句话从不同角度的解读可知，文章主要围绕“走得足够远，你就会遇上你自己”这句话展开，探讨了其深层含义。所以A选项“走得足够远，你就会遇上你自己”是什么意思 最符合文章主旨。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤EFCBG
解析：①上文Outdoor play is beneficial to children beyond the physical activities it provides. It helps them socialize, understand their bodies better and enjoy the outdoors.(户外活动对孩子们的益处不仅在于它所提供的体育活动。它帮助他们社交，更好地了解自己的身体，并享受户外时光。)”及下文“While this is a lot of time to a daily schedule, the activities will contribute to the physical and emotional health of children.(虽然这在日常日程中占了很多时间，但这些活动将有助于孩子们的身心健康。)”说明户外活动对孩子有益，且提到了在日程中占时间，空处承上启下，E选项中的“about three hours of outdoor play each day”与下文“this is a lot of time”相呼应，所以E选项“学龄儿童每天需要大约三个小时的户外活动时间。”,符合语境。故选E。
②下文“There is scientific evidence that playing outside improves health, and children of all ages loving it. The more time children spend in nature, the more likely they are to grow up to be good stewards of our planet. Sunny days not only make outdoor play more enjoyable for children but also contribute to their overall physical and mental well-being.(有科学证据表明，在户外玩耍可以改善健康，各个年龄段的孩子都喜欢它。孩子们在大自然中度过的时间越多，他们长大后就越有可能成为我们星球的优秀守护者。晴天不仅让孩子们的户外活动更愉快，而且有助于他们的整体身心健康。)”说明，晴天在户外活动有好处，F选项中的“Sunny days”与下文中的“Sunny days”相一致，所以F选项“晴天为享受户外活动的乐趣提供了绝佳的机会。”,符合语境。故选F。
③上文“Nowadays, the amount of time children spend engaging with a device is a key reason why outdoor time should be a scheduled activity. Scheduling time to actively play outdoors sets a natural limit on the amount of time children can spend on a device. It can reduce the risks of a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle. (如今，孩子们花在使用电子设备上的时间是户外活动时间应该被安排进日程的一个关键原因。安排时间积极进行户外活动对孩子们花在电子设备上的时间设定了一个自然的限制。它可以降低久坐生活方式的风险。)”说明户外活动的好处，C选项中的“Besides”承接上文，继续阐述户外活动的好处，所以C选项“此外，它可以促进与朋友们的积极互动。”,符合语境。故选C。
④上文“Knowing why outdoor activities are important to children's development is the first step to prioritizing(优先考虑)them in children's schedule.(知道为什么户外活动对孩子的发展很重要是在孩子的日程安排中优先考虑它们的第一步。)”及下文“To-A find ideas for places you might go, visit your local parks and entertainment websites or ask people who are fond of outdoor activities.(为了找到你可以去的地方的想法，你可以访问当地的公园和娱乐网站，或者询问喜欢户外活动的人。)”说明知道户外活动重要性后，下一步是找地方，B选项中的“Knowing where to go”与下文“find ideas for places you might go”相呼应，所以B选项“知道去哪里是朝着正确方向迈出的另一步。”,符合语境。故选B。
⑤上文“If you can't go far or travel isn't an option, there are still many ways to get outside close to home.(如果你不能去很远的地方，或者旅行不是一个选择，仍然有很多方法可以在家附近到户外去。)”及下文“Simple activities like riding a bike, jumping rope, or having a picnic can be lots of fun and get you moving.(像骑自行车、跳绳或野餐这样简单的活动可以非常有趣，还能让你动起来。)”说明在家附近也有很多户外活动方式，G选项中的“in your backyard”和“around your neighborhood”与上文“close to home”相呼应，所以G选项“你可以在后院玩耍，或者只是在你的社区周围散步。”,符合语境。故选G。（3）Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.It’s important for us ______(pay) attention to our health which is the foundation of our work and learning.
2.She doesn't want to let her father know this thing, so she ______(repeated) urges her brother not to tell her father about it.
3.At present, do you think it's really ______(rely) to pay by “swiping your face(刷脸)”
4.To go to bed early and get up early ______(make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
5.To gain a good reputation ______(call) for great achievements and good qualities.
6.lt is a strict requirement that the patient should shave ______ the hair around the surgical site.
7.We should know how they won the ______(liberate) of the country.
8.To rely on the Internet and to read the newspaper ______(be) two ways to look for a job at present.
9.Many people suffer from mental illness, so my deskmate wants to become a health ______(consult) in the future.
10.A number of past studies have noted that ______(physical) active people have much lower risks of developing depression and anxiety.
二、阅读理解
Amir, was a wealthy young master whose father was a merchant, while Hassan was the son of his father’s servant. Although the two had different identities, they grew up together since childhood and were as close as blood brothers.
Hassan was extremely loyal to Amir, always unconditionally protecting and supporting him. Hassan consistently guarded Amir, never abandoning him no matter what Amir did to him. The phrase “For you, a thousand times over” is not just a slogan, but also an action of Hassan’s loyalty to Amir.
However, in a kite competition, Amir chose to betray Hassan in order to win his father’s approval, witnessing Hassan being bullied but not standing up. Amir betrayed Hassan due to selfishness and timidity (胆怯；羞怯；胆小), causing Hassan to suffer serious injuries. This betrayal not only burdened Amir with lifelong shame, but also brought an end to his relationship with Hassan.
After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Amir and his father fled to the United States to start a new life. Despite the changes in his living environment, Amir’s sense of regret followed him like a shadow. He worked hard to attend college in the United States, became a writer after graduation, and married Soraya, the daughter of General Taheri, who also came from Afghanistan. However, the mistakes he had made in the past have always been unforgettable for him.
Years later, Amir got a call from Rahim Khan. He found out that Hassan was his half - brother, and both Hassan and his wife were dead. Their son Sohrab was in trouble. Amir went back to Afghanistan to save Sohrab. He fought Assef, who was a Taliban member that time. Sohrab helped Amir win. Finally, Amir took Sohrab to the US to start a new life, trying to make up for his past mistakes.
11.How did Hassan demonstrate his loyalty to Amir
A. By seeking Amir’s mercy.
B. By backing Amir up at all costs.
C. By competing for Amir in kite battles.
D. By inquiring Amir when Amir committed mistakes.
12.Why did Amir betray Hassan during the kite contest
A. To astonish his friends.
B. To attain a qualification.
C. To show his responsibility.
D. To obtain his father’s recognition.
13.What was the consequence of Amir’s betrayal of Hassan
A. Hassan forgave Amir instantly.
B. Hassan became a superb writer.
C. Amir immigrated to the United States.
D. Amir lived with guilt in his remaining years.
14.What would be the best title of this passage
A. Masters and Servants.
B. Innocence and Loyalty.
C. Selfishness and Timidity.
D. Betrayal and Redemption (救赎).
三、七选五
As a basic human need, food connects people worldwide while showing unique cultural values. ①_________ Food, in the form of recipes, is passed on from one generation to another, both expressing identity and maintaining links ancestrally, geographically, and even emotionally.
What we eat reveals our roots. Families pass down recipes like treasures, keeping traditions alive. The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry. ②_________ These habits show how geography shapes diets. In Singapore, many families cook special dishes during festivals to remember their history.
③_________ Just as Japanese tea ceremonies build friendship, sharing meals creates cross-cultural bonds. Mixed communities often mix food styles, like adding spices to traditional dishes. This explains why tasting local food tops travelers’ to-do lists — it opens doors to meaningful interactions with locals.
Familiar tastes instantly transport us home. Migrants cook childhood dishes to fight loneliness abroad, proving food’s power to comfort. Shared meals express love worldwide, whether through a mother’s homemade soup or friends gathering around a hotpot. ④_________
From family kitchens to international restaurants, food carries cultural stories. Its power to both unite people and protect traditions makes it special. Food and food habits serve as a cultural channel of display of affection and emotional association, meanwhile, sharing delicious and nutritious food undoubtedly signals a bridge of closeness or acceptance. ⑤_________
A. Eating habits are hard to change once formed.
B. It has many key roles in human life beyond basic nutrition.
C. By valuing food cultures, we build more inclusive societies.
D. Such moments turn simple eating into emotional connections.
E. Food traditions, however, sometimes require careful protection.
F. Furthermore, exploring local cuisine helps travelers understand new cultures.
G. For example, coastal people eat fish daily while mountain villages often use more grains.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to pay
解析：考查动词不定式作主语。此处为“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语,故填to pay。
2.答案：repeatedly
解析：考查副词。句意:她不想让她父亲知道这件事,所以她一再力劝她哥哥不要给她爸爸讲这件事。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填repeatedly。
3.答案：reliable
解析：考查形容词。句意:目前,你认为“刷脸”付款真的可靠吗 根据设空处前面的it’s和后面的不定式to pay可知这里构成“it's+adj.+to do sth.”结构,故填形容词reliable。it’s reliable to do sth.表示“做某事是可靠的”。故填reliable。
4.答案：makes
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,两个或两个以上由and连接的不定式(短语)作主语时,如果表述的语义一致(一个概念),谓语动词用单数,该句中“To go to bed early and get up early”作主语,意为“早睡早起”,表示一个概念,谓语动词用单数,故填makes。
5.答案：calls
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,单个不定式短语作主语,谓语动词用单数,故填calls。
6.答案：off
解析：考查固定短语。句意:患者应该剃除手术部位周围的毛发,这是一项严格的要求。shave off意为“剃掉;刮去”。故填off。
7.答案：liberation
解析：考查名词。句意:我们应该知道他们是如何获得这个国家的解放的。由设空处前面的the和设空处后面的of可知此处应用名词。故填liberation。
8.答案：are
解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,两个或两个以上由and 连接的不定式(短语)作主语时,如果表述的语义不一致(两个概念),谓语动词用复数,该句中“To rely on the Internet and to read the newspaper”作主语,意为“依靠互联网和读报纸”,表示两个概念,谓语动词用复数,故填are。
9.答案：consultant
解析：考查名词。设空处作 become的表语,且由设空处前面的不定冠词a可知此处应填名词。根据逗号前面的句意“很多人患有精神疾病”可知,此处指“我的同桌将来想成为一名健康顾问”,故填consultant。
10.答案：physically
解析：句意为:大量先前的研究都指出,积极锻炼的人患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险低得多。设空处修饰形容词active,应用副词形式。故填 physically。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hassan was extremely loyal to Amir, always unconditionally protecting and supporting him. Hassan consistently guarded Amir, never abandoning him no matter what Amir did to him.(哈桑对阿米尔极为忠诚，总是无条件地保护和支持他。哈桑一直守护着阿米尔，无论阿米尔对他做了什么，他都没有抛弃过他)”可知，哈桑总是无条件地支持阿米尔来展示对阿米尔的忠诚。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, in a kite competition, Amir chose to betray Hassan in order to win his father’s approval, witnessing Hassan being bullied but not standing up.(然而，在一次风筝比赛中，阿米尔为了赢得父亲的认可而选择了背叛哈桑，他目睹了哈桑被欺负，却没有站出来)”可知，阿米尔在风筝比赛中背叛哈桑是为了获得父亲的认可。故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Despite the changes in his living environment, Amir’s sense of regret followed him like a shadow.(尽管生活环境发生了变化，但阿米尔的悔恨却如影随形)”可知，阿米尔背叛哈桑的后果是阿米尔余生都生活在内疚之中。故选D。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Finally, Amir took Sohrab to the US to start a new life, trying to make up for his past mistakes.(最后，阿米尔带着索拉博去了美国，开始新的生活，试图弥补他过去的错误)”可知，文章主要讲述了阿米尔与哈桑间的忠诚与背叛，以及阿米尔最终为救哈桑之子而寻求救赎的故事，因此本文最好的标题是“背叛与救赎”。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤BGFDC
解析：①根据上文“As a basic human need, food connects people worldwide while showing unique cultural values.(作为人类的基本需求，食物在全球范围内连接着人们，并展现了独特的文化价值。)”可知，食物除了基本的营养作用外，还有其他的价值。B选项(它在人类生活中除了基本营养外还有许多关键作用。)符合语境。故选B。
②根据上文“The traditional meals of a place touch on identity and ancestry.(一个地方的传统饮食涉及到身份和祖先。)”可知，传统饮食与身份和祖先有关，下文应进一步解释这一观点。G选项(例如，沿海地区的人每天吃鱼，而山村则经常使用更多的谷物。)通过举例说明了饮食习惯与地理位置的关系，进一步解释了上文提到的传统饮食与身份和祖先的联系。故选G。
③根据下文“Just as Japanese tea ceremonies build friendship, sharing meals creates cross-cultural bonds.(就像日本的茶道能建立友谊一样，共享食物能创造跨文化的联系。)”可知，本段讲述的是共享食物能创造跨文化的联系。F选项(此外，探索当地美食有助于旅行者了解新文化。与下文相呼应，进一步说明了共享食物在跨文化交流中的作用。故选F项。
④根据上文“Migrants cook childhood dishes to fight loneliness abroad, proving food’s power to comfort. Shared meals express love worldwide, whether through a mother’s homemade soup or friends gathering around a hotpot.(移民在国外烹饪童年的菜肴来对抗孤独，这证明了食物安慰人心的力量。无论是通过母亲做的家常汤还是朋友们围坐在火锅旁，共享食物在全球都表达着爱。)”可知，本段讲述的是共享食物在表达情感方面的作用。D选项(这样的时刻将简单的进食变成了情感的连接。)总结了上文提到的共享食物在表达情感方面的作用，承接上文。故选D。
⑤根据上文“Food and food habits serve as a cultural channel of display of affection and emotional association, meanwhile, sharing delicious and nutritious food undoubtedly signals a bridge of closeness or acceptance.(食物和饮食习惯是表达情感和情感联系的文化渠道，同时，分享美味和营养的食物无疑象征着亲密或接受的桥梁。)”可知，本段讲述的是食物和饮食习惯在文化交流中的作用。C选项(通过珍视食物文化，我们建立了更加包容的社会。)总结了上文提到的食物和饮食习惯在文化交流中的积极作用，并强调了珍视食物文化对于建立包容社会的重要性。故选C。（8）Unit 4 Adversity and Courage——高二英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、填空题
1.Not all would-be employees are qualified _____ the position for which they are being trained.
2._____(unfortunate), due to the bad weather, this day's show has been cancelled.
3.Since they are going to move to another city, they have to abandon the furniture _____ their neighbours.
4.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good _____(advertise) campaign will increase their sales.
5._____ the guidance of the hunter, we finally went out of the mysterious forest.
6.When the Beijing Opera artist stepped onto the stage, the audience applauded _____(enthusiastic).
7._____ is very important for us not to abandon ourselves to despair when faced with some bitter experiences.
8.The tiger is a fierce large animal _____(belong) to the cat family.
9.I _____(read) the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
10.So tired was the student with heavy loads of schoolwork _____ he became an easy target of the flu.
二、阅读理解
Recent studies indicate that both animals and plants possess the ability to swiftly adapt to challenging environmental conditions to ensure their survival. A study published in the journal Trends in Plant Science explores the rapid adaptation processes of plants in response to climate change and how these adaptive traits are inherited by their offspring (后代).
Plants are encountering more environmental challenges than ever. For instance, in numerous regions, the impact of climate change is leading to shorter winter seasons, and plants are adapting accordingly. “Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,” says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. “As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering. These processes allow plants to avoid flowering in periods when they have fewer opportunities to reproduce.”
Since plants lack neural systems, their memory functions rely entirely on cellular, molecular (分子的), and biochemical networks. These networks make up what the researchers call somatic memory (体细胞记忆). “It allows plants to recognize the occurrence of a previous environmental condition and to react accordingly,” says Martinelli.
These somatic memories can then be transmitted to the plants’ offspring through epigenetics (表现遗传). “Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,” says Martinelli.
Moving forward, Martinelli aims to gain deeper insights into the specific genes that are being inherited. “We are particularly interested in decoding the epigenetic code without changes in DNA sequence (序列),” he says. “This is especially important when we consider the rapid climate change, we observe today that every living organism, including plants, needs to quickly adapt to survive.”
11.How have plants adjusted to shortened cold seasons
A. They have shortened their flowering time.
B. They have got more chances to reproduce.
C. They have avoided flowering in cold seasons.
D. They have adjusted their environmental clock.
12.What can we learn about somatic memory
A. It is completely dependent on neural networks.
B. It can enhance the survival of the plants’ offspring.
C. It can help relieve environmental stresses.
D. It disturbs the plants’ biochemical networks
13.What does the underlined word “modulating” mean in paragraph 4
A. Adapting. B. Valuing. C. Recording. D. Sharing.
14.What’s the main idea conveyed in the text
A. Plants are smart about flowering time.
B. Plants are also capable of adapting to climate change.
C. Environmental pressures challenge plants.
D. The secrets of plant genes are to be uncovered.
三、七选五
While plenty of birds-such as swallows, hawks and hummingbirds-migrate (迁徙) during the day, the majority of land birds travel at night.
Migration at night has at least three advantages.① _______ Secondly, the air in the atmosphere is usually more stable than during the day. Lastly the air is cooler at night. A migrating bird produces a huge amount of heat that needs to be released. Most of the heat is lost from the unfeathered legs.② _______
Nighttime migrators include sparrows, warblers, flycatchers, thrushes, orioles and cuckoos. Most of them don't live in vast open places.③ _______ They aren't the best fliers, so they need the thick coverage to avoid enemies.
But flying at night is becoming more dangerous than it used to be.④ _______ A well-lit high- rise can kill hundreds of migrating birds in a single night, an issue that has started to attract more public concern. In cities like New York, Chicago and Houston, some skyscrapers and other landmarks now have “lights out” programs during key bird migration times in the fall and spring.
⑤ _______ A protein called cryptochrome, which is sensitive to blue light 9 is thought to be the key to making this happen. Cryptochromes from migratory birds have evolved to require less light and to allow their recognition of blue light to sense and respond to magnetic fields (磁场).
A. Instead, they live in the woods and other sheltered habitats.
B. Birds need the heat to keep warm and maintain a good state.
C. Birds do not have to worry about attacks from dangerous birds.
D. Only when there is enough light can they get signals to migrate.
E. Migrating birds use Earth's magnetic field to help them navigate.
F. Lights on buildings and towers confuse birds, causing them to crash.
G. The colder the air temperature is, the more quickly that heat can be released.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：for
解析：考查介词。句意:不是所有想成为雇员的人都能胜任他们正为之培训的职位。be qualified for...表示“能胜任某事;具备……的资格”。故填for。
2.答案：Unfortunately
解析：考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天气,今天的演出取消了。该空位于句首,后面有逗号,逗号后句子成分完整,所以设空处应作状语,修饰整个句子,故填Unfortunately。
3.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:因为他们要搬到另外一个城市,所以他们不得不把家具丢给他们的邻居。abandon...to...表示“丢弃/舍弃……给……”。故填to。
4.答案：advertising
解析：考查名词。句意:如今,很多公司都认为良好的广告宣传活动会增加他们的销售量。设空处作定语,修饰其后面的campaign, advertising campaign意为“广告宣传活动”。故填advertising。
5.答案：Under
解析：考查介词。句意:在猎人的指导下,我们终于走出了这片神秘的森林。under the guidance of为固定搭配,表示“在……的指引下”。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Under。
6.答案：enthusiastically
解析：考查副词。句意:当那位京剧艺术家登上舞台时,观众热情地鼓掌。空格处作状语修饰动词applauded。故用副词。enthusiastic的副词形式为enthusiastically。故填enthusiastically。
7.答案：It
解析：考查it作形式主语。句意:对于我们来说,当面对一些痛苦的经历时,不让自己沉湎于绝望是很重要的。此处为“It is important for sb. not to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填It。
8.答案：belonging
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：老虎是属于猫科的大型凶猛动物。句子中已有谓语动词is，所以此处要用非谓语动词。belong to没有被动形式，所以用现在分词短语作后置定语。 故填belonging。
9.答案：have been reading
解析：句意:我一直在读这本英文小说,并且我尽力在这周末把它读完。结合句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为I,故填have been reading。
10.答案： that
解析：句意为:这个课业繁重的学生是如此之疲倦,以至于他很容易成为流感的目标。so... that...意为“如此……以至于……”。此处“so+形容词”置于句首,句子应用倒装结构。故填that。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“ ‘Many plants require a minimum period of cold in order to set up their environmental clock to define their flowering time,’ says Martinelli, a plant geneticist at the University of Florence. ‘As cold seasons shorten, plants have adapted to require shorter periods of cold to delay flowering.’ (佛罗伦萨大学的植物遗传学家Martinelli说：“许多植物需要一个最短的寒冷期来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间”“随着寒冷季节的缩短，植物已经适应了需要更短的寒冷期来推迟开花)”可知，植物是通过调整环境时钟来适应缩短的寒冷季节的。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段 “These somatic memories can then be transmitted to the plants’ offspring through epigenetics (表现遗传). ‘Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,’ says Martinelli.(然后，这些体细胞记忆可以通过表观遗传传递给植物的后代。马蒂内利说：‘一些例子证明了存在调节植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应’)”可知，体细胞记忆能传递给后代且影响后代对环境压力的适应，从而增强后代的生存能力。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“ ‘Several examples demonstrate the existence of molecular processes modulating plant memory to environmental stresses and affecting the adaptation of offspring to these stresses,’ says Martinelli.(马蒂内利说：“一些例子证明了存在modulating植物对环境压力记忆的分子过程，并且这些过程会影响后代对这些压力的适应”)”可知，这些分子过程是使植物的记忆与环境压力相适应，进而影响后代对压力的适应。所以划线词的意思为“适应”。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent studies indicate that both animals and plants possess the ability to swiftly adapt to challenging environmental conditions to ensure their survival. A study published in the journal Trends in Plant Science explores the rapid adaptation processes of plants in response to climate change and how these adaptive traits are inherited by their offspring (后代).(最近的研究表明，动物和植物都具有迅速适应具有挑战性的环境条件以确保生存的能力。发表在《植物科学趋势》杂志上的一项研究探索了植物对气候变化的快速适应过程，以及这些适应特征是如何遗传给它们的后代的。）以及后文对植物适应气候变化的具体阐述可知，文章主要围绕植物适应气候变化展开。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：C；G；A；F；E
解析：①前文“Migration at night has at least three advantages.”（夜间迁徙至少有三个好处），后文“Secondly, the air in the atmosphere is usually more stable than during the day. Lastly the air is cooler at night.”（第二，大气中的空气通常比白天更稳定。最后，夜晚的空气更凉爽）。C选项“Birds do not have to worry about attacks from dangerous birds.”（鸟类不必担心来自危险鸟类的攻击），这里是在列举夜间迁徙的好处，与后文的“Secondly”“Lastly”相呼应，说明了夜间迁徙的第一个好处是不用担心来自危险鸟类的攻击，故选C。
②前文“A migrating bird produces a huge amount of heat that needs to be released. Most of the heat is lost from the unfeathered legs.”（迁徙的鸟类会产生大量需要释放的热量。大部分热量是从没有羽毛的腿上散失的），这里在说鸟类热量释放的问题。G选项“The colder the air temperature is, the more quickly that heat can be released.”（空气温度越低，热量释放得就越快），“The colder the air temperature is”与前文“the air is cooler at night”相呼应，“the more quickly that heat can be released”进一步说明了低温与热量释放的关系，承接前文，故选G。
③前文“Nighttime migrators include sparrows, warblers, flycatchers, thrushes, orioles and cuckoos. Most of them don't live in vast open places.”（夜间迁徙的鸟类包括麻雀、莺、鹟、画眉、黄鹂和杜鹃。它们中的大多数不生活在广阔的开阔地带），后文“They aren't the best fliers, so they need the thick coverage to avoid enemies.”（它们不是最优秀的飞行者，所以它们需要茂密的掩护来躲避敌人）。A选项“Instead, they live in the woods and other sheltered habitats.”（相反，它们生活在树林和其他有遮蔽的栖息地），“Instead”表示转折，“they live in the woods and other sheltered habitats”与前文不生活在开阔地带相呼应，引出后文需要茂密掩护的原因，故选A。
④前文“But flying at night is becoming more dangerous than it used to be.”（但是夜间飞行正变得比过去更危险），后文“A well-lit high-rise can kill hundreds of migrating birds in a single night, an issue that has started to attract more public concern.”（一座灯火通明的高楼在一个晚上就能杀死数百只迁徙的鸟类，这个问题已经开始引起更多公众的关注）。F选项“Lights on buildings and towers confuse birds, causing them to crash.”（建筑物和塔楼上的灯光使鸟类感到困惑，导致它们碰撞），“Lights on buildings and towers”承接前文夜间飞行更危险，“confuse birds, causing them to crash”引出后文高楼灯光对鸟类的危害，故选F。
⑤后文“A protein called cryptochrome, which is sensitive to blue light, is thought to be the key to making this happen. Cryptochromes from migratory birds have evolved to require less light and to allow their recognition of blue light to sense and respond to magnetic fields (磁场).”（一种名为隐花色素的蛋白质对蓝光很敏感，被认为是实现这一点的关键。候鸟的隐花色素已经进化到需要更少的光，并允许它们对蓝光的识别来感知和响应磁场），这里在说候鸟与磁场的关系。E选项“Migrating birds use Earth's magnetic field to help them navigate.”（迁徙的鸟类利用地球磁场来帮助它们导航），“Migrating birds use Earth's magnetic field”与后文候鸟的隐花色素感知和响应磁场相呼应，引出后文对相关蛋白质作用的描述，故选E。

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