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人教版2019高中英语选择性必修二Unit 1 Science and Scientists重难点提升训练
一、单词拼写
1. The s__________ (科学家) spent years researching the new drug and finally achieved a breakthrough.
2. We should develop a s__________ (科学的) attitude towards problems and solve them rationally.
3. The t__________ (理论) he put forward is based on a large amount of experimental data.
4. They are doing an e__________ (实验) to test the effectiveness of the new teaching method.
5. The d__________ (发现) of penicillin was a milestone in the history of medicine.
6. His a__________ (分析) of the situation is very accurate, which helps us a lot.
7. We need to o__________ (观察) the stars carefully to learn more about the universe.
8. The r__________ (结果) of the survey show that most people are concerned about environmental protection.
9. We should a__________ (采用) new technologies to improve productivity.
10. The p__________ (可能性) of success increases with hard work and proper methods.
二、词性转换
1. scientist（复数形式）__________
2. science（形容词）__________
3. theory（复数形式）__________
4. experiment（名词，指“实验者”）__________
5. discover（名词）__________
6. analyze（名词）__________
7. observe（名词）__________
8. result（动词）__________
9. adopt（名词）__________
10. possible（名词）__________
三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空）
|lead to, make a breakthrough, in conclusion, be based on, apart from, contribute to, draw a conclusion|
|---|
1. His hard work and innovation finally __________ in his research field.
2. The research findings __________ a series of experiments and careful analysis.
3. __________ the bad weather, the sports meeting was also affected by some unexpected events.
4. Too much stress can __________ various health problems.
5. After studying the data carefully, they __________ that the new plan was feasible.
6. All the factors __________ the success of the project.
7. __________, we should pay more attention to environmental protection in our daily lives.
四、阅读理解
A
Isaac Newton is one of the most famous scientists in history. He made significant contributions to many fields, including physics, mathematics, and astronomy. Newton's laws of motion are fundamental to understanding the physical world. His first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton also made important discoveries in the field of gravity. He realized that the force that makes an apple fall to the ground is the same force that keeps the moon in orbit around the earth. This discovery led to the development of the universal law of gravitation.
In addition to his work in physics, Newton made great progress in mathematics. He developed calculus, which is a powerful tool for solving complex mathematical problems. His scientific achievements had a profound impact on the development of modern science.
1. What fields did Isaac Newton make contributions to
A. Only physics.
B. Physics, mathematics, and astronomy.
C. Only mathematics.
D. Only astronomy.
2. What does Newton's first law of motion state
A. An object always changes its motion.
B. An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
C. An object in motion always stops.
D. An object at rest always starts moving.
3. What did Newton discover about gravity
A. The force that makes an apple fall is different from the force that keeps the moon in orbit.
B. The force that makes an apple fall is the same force that keeps the moon in orbit.
C. Gravity has no effect on the moon.
D. Gravity only affects apples.
4. What did Newton develop in mathematics
A. Geometry.
B. Algebra.
C. Calculus.
D. Trigonometry.
5. What is the main idea of this passage
A. The life of Isaac Newton.
B. Isaac Newton's contributions to science and their impact.
C. Newton's laws of motion.
D. The discovery of gravity.
B
Marie Curie was a remarkable scientist. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win it twice. Curie made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity. She discovered two new elements, polonium and radium.
Curie's research on radioactivity was groundbreaking. She and her husband, Pierre Curie, worked together to isolate these radioactive elements. Their work not only advanced scientific knowledge but also had a great impact on the development of medicine. Radioactive substances are now widely used in cancer treatment.
Despite facing many difficulties, including gender discrimination in the scientific community, Curie remained committed to her research. She worked long hours in difficult conditions, often sacrificing her own comfort for the sake of science. Her dedication and perseverance inspired generations of scientists.
6. What was Marie Curie's achievement
A. She won the Nobel Prize once.
B. She discovered one new element.
C. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and discovered two new elements.
D. She only worked in mathematics.
7. What elements did Marie Curie discover
A. Only polonium.
B. Only radium.
C. Polonium and radium.
D. Many elements.
8. How did Curie's research affect medicine
A. It had no impact on medicine.
B. Radioactive substances are used in cancer treatment.
C. It only helped in the diagnosis of diseases.
D. It made cancer treatment more difficult.
9. What difficulties did Curie face
A. Lack of interest in science.
B. Gender discrimination in the scientific community.
C. No support from her family.
D. Poor health.
10. What can we learn from Marie Curie
A. We should give up easily when facing difficulties.
B. We should be committed to our goals and persevere in the face of difficulties.
C. Gender discrimination is not a problem in science.
D. Winning the Nobel Prize is the most important thing for a scientist.
五、完形填空
There was a young scientist named Lily. She was very 1.__________ in the field of biology. She spent most of her time in the laboratory, 2.__________ on her research.
Lily faced a lot of 3.__________ in her research. The experiments were complex, and the data was difficult to 4.__________. But she didn't 5.__________. She believed that as long as she kept working hard, she would achieve her goal.
One day, while doing an experiment, she noticed something unusual. She decided to 6.__________ it further. After months of hard work, she finally 7.__________ a new discovery. Her discovery could 8.__________ to the development of a new medicine.
Lily's success didn't come 9.__________. It was the result of her hard work, patience, and dedication. Her story inspired many young people to pursue their dreams in science. She showed that with determination and hard work, one can 10.__________ great things in the scientific field.
1. A. interested B. interesting C. bored D. boring
2. A. focusing B. focused C. to focus D. focus
3. A. opportunities B. challenges C. chances D. advantages
4. A. analyze B. make C. do D. take
5. A. give out B. give in C. give up D. give away
6. A. study B. learn C. research D. read
7. A. did B. made C. took D. had
8. A. lead B. contribute C. cause D. result
9. A. easily B. hard C. quickly D. slowly
10. A. achieve B. get C. take D. bring
六、语法填空
Science plays a crucial role in our lives. It 1.__________ (help) us understand the world around us and improve our living standards. Scientists are constantly making new 2.__________ (discover) and developing new technologies.
One of the most important aspects of science is research. Scientists conduct experiments 3.__________ (test) their hypotheses. These experiments are often 4.__________ (base) on careful observations.
In addition to experiments, scientists also use mathematical models 5.__________ (analyze) data. Mathematics is an essential tool in science, 6.__________ helps scientists describe and predict natural phenomena.
Science is not without challenges. Ethical issues often arise in scientific research. For example, the use of animals in experiments and the development of new technologies 7.__________ (require) careful consideration.
Despite these challenges, science continues to progress. New scientific 8.__________ (theory) and technologies are emerging all the time. We should encourage young people 9.__________ (study) science and become scientists. By 10.__________ (support) scientific research, we can ensure a better future for ourselves and for generations to come.
七、书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对中国科学家屠呦呦很感兴趣，请你写一封邮件向他介绍屠呦呦，内容包括：
1. 屠呦呦的主要成就（发现青蒿素，获得诺贝尔奖等）；
2. 她的成就对世界的影响（拯救了无数生命等）；
3. 你从她身上学到的精神（如坚持、奉献等）。
注意：
1. 词数80 - 100；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Tu Youyou, a famous Chinese scientist. Now let me introduce her to you.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
一、单词拼写
1. scientist
2. scientific
3. theory
4. experiment
5. discovery
6. analysis
7. observe
8. results
9. adopt
10. possibility
二、词性转换
1. scientists
2. scientific
3. theories
4. experimenter
5. discovery
6. analysis
7. observation
8. result in
9. adoption
10. possibility
三、选词填空
1. made a breakthrough
2. are based on
3. Apart from
4. lead to
5. drew a conclusion
6. contributed to
7. In conclusion
四、阅读理解
1. B。根据 “He made significant contributions to many fields, including physics, mathematics, and astronomy.” 可知选B。
2. B。从 “His first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.” 可知选B。
3. B。文中提到 “He realized that the force that makes an apple fall to the ground is the same force that keeps the moon in orbit around the earth.” ，选B。
4. C。根据 “He developed calculus, which is a powerful tool for solving complex mathematical problems.” 可知选C。
5. B。文章主要讲述了牛顿对科学的贡献及其影响，选B。
6. C。根据 “She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only woman to win it twice. Curie made significant contributions to the field of radioactivity. She discovered two new elements, polonium and radium.” 可知选C。
7. C。从 “She discovered two new elements, polonium and radium.” 可知选C。
8. B。文中说 “Radioactive substances are now widely used in cancer treatment.” ，选B。
9. B。根据 “Despite facing many difficulties, including gender discrimination in the scientific community” 可知选B。
10. B。从居里夫人的经历可知，我们应该致力于目标并在困难面前坚持不懈，选B。
五、完形填空
1. A。be interested in表示 “对…… 感兴趣” ，是固定短语，选A。
2. A。她大部分时间花在实验室，专注于研究，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，选A。
3. B。在研究中面临很多挑战，challenge表示 “挑战” ，选B。
4. A。数据很难分析，analyze表示 “分析” ，选A。
5. C。但她没有放弃，give up表示 “放弃” ，选C。
6. A。她决定进一步研究，study表示 “研究” ，选A。
7. B。make a discovery表示 “有一项发现” ，是固定搭配，选B。
8. B。她的发现有助于新药物的开发，contribute to表示 “有助于” ，选B。
9. A。Lily的成功来之不易，easily表示 “容易地” ，选A。
10. A。有决心和努力工作，一个人能在科学领域取得伟大成就，achieve表示 “取得” ，选A。
六、语法填空
1. helps。描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填helps。
2. discoveries。make discoveries表示 “有所发现” ，用名词复数形式，故填discoveries。
3. to test。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to test。
4. based。be based on表示 “基于” ，是固定短语，故填based。
5. to analyze。use sth. to do sth.表示 “用某物做某事” ，故填to analyze。
6. which。先行词是mathematics，在从句中作主语，用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
7. require。主语是复数，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形，故填require。
8. theories。根据语境，此处用复数形式，故填theories。
9. to study。encourage sb. to do sth.表示 “鼓励某人做某事” ，故填to study。
10. supporting。by是介词，后接动词 - ing形式，故填supporting。
七、书面表达
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to know that you're interested in Tu Youyou, a famous Chinese scientist. Now let me introduce her to you.
Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin, which has saved millions of lives from malaria. Her achievement won her the Nobel Prize.
Her discovery had a huge impact on the world. It provided a new and effective treatment for malaria, especially in developing countries.
From her, I've learned the spirit of perseverance and dedication. She overcame many difficulties in her research and dedicated herself to finding a cure for the disease.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua

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