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鲁教版八年级下册英语
Unit 8 What are the shirts made of 语法知识与巩固训练学案
被动语态核心要点
一、被动语态的基本结构
被动语态由“be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词变化体现：
一般现在时：am/is/are + 过去分词
例：Tea is grown in China.（中国种植茶叶。）
一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词
例：This bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于1990年。）
一般将来时：will be + 过去分词
例：The project will be finished next month.（项目将于下月完成。）
现在完成时：have/has been + 过去分词
例：The problem has been solved.（问题已被解决。）
二、被动语态的使用场景
强调动作承受者：
例：The song is loved by teenagers.（这首歌深受青少年喜爱。）
动作执行者未知或不重要：
例：Windows are made of glass.（窗户由玻璃制成。）
客观描述科学事实或普遍现象：
例：Plastic is used widely in daily life.（塑料广泛应用于日常生活。）
三、被动语态中的介词搭配
be made of（可见原材料）
例：The table is made of wood.（桌子由木头制成。→ 能看出木质）
be made from（不可见原材料）
例：Paper is made from wood.（纸由木头制成。→ 看不出木头）
be made in（产地）
例：These cars are made in Germany.（这些汽车产自德国。）
be made by（制作者）
例：The cake was made by my mother.（蛋糕是我妈妈做的。）
四、特殊被动结构
带双宾语的被动语态（人或物均可作主语）：
主动：They gave him a prize.
被动1：He was given a prize.
被动2：A prize was given to him.
情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词
例：The environment must be protected.（环境必须被保护。）
综合实战演练
一、单项选择
1．These beautiful kites ______ in Weifang every year.
A．make B．makes C．are made D．is made
2．—What is the ring made of
—It ______ silver.
A．is made of B．is made from C．is made in D．made by
3．The Great Wall ______ millions of tourists from all over the world.
A．visits B．visited C．is visited by D．are visited by
4．The new library ______ next month.
A．opens B．will open C．will be opened D．opened
5．—Your dress looks comfortable. What is it made ______
—Cotton.
A．in B．by C．from D．of
6．Many useful things ______ from recycling waste.
A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．were produced
7．The song Jasmine Flower ______ in many countries.
A．sings B．sang C．is sung D．was sung
8．—How clean your car is!
—Thanks. It ______ yesterday.
A．was washed B．washed C．has washed D．is washed
9．The problem ______ by the engineers now.
A．discusses B．discussed C．is being discussed D．was discussed
10．Rice ______ in the south of China.
A．grows B．is grown C．grew D．was grown
11．The children ______ to watch the new cartoon yesterday.
A．invite B．invited C．were invited D．are invited
12．—Can I use your phone Mine is broken.
—Sorry, it ______ at the moment.
A．is repaired B．is being repaired C．repairs D．repaired
13．The Olympic Games ______ every four years.
A．hold B．held C．are held D．were held
14．This kind of computer ______ in Shenzhen.
A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made
15．The old temple ______ since the Qing Dynasty.
A．has protected B．protected C．has been protected D．was protected
16．The letter ______ by Tom tomorrow.
A．will send B．sends C．will be sent D．is sent
17．The classroom ______ by the students every day.
A．cleans B．is cleaned C．cleaned D．has cleaned
18．Stamps ______ for sending letters.
A．use B．uses C．are used D．used
19．The windows ______ after school yesterday.
A．close B．closed C．were closed D．are closed
20．The museum ______ to the public in 2020.
A．opens B．opened C．was opened D．has opened
21．The children ______ not to play with fire.
A．teach B．taught C．are taught D．were taught
22．The football match ______ on TV next Sunday.
A．shows B．will show C．is shown D．will be shown
23．These trees ______ by the villagers last spring.
A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．are planted
24．The keys ______ on the table. Can you see them
A．are left B．left C．were left D．have left
25．The novel The Little Prince ______ into over 300 languages.
A．translated B．translates C．is translated D．has been translated
26．—Where are the shoes made
—They ______ in Wenzhou.
A．make B．made C．are made D．were made
27．The news ______ everyone happy yesterday.
A．made B．was made C．makes D．is made
28．The broken chair ______ by my father tomorrow.
A．fixes B．will fix C．will be fixed D．fixed
29．The rules ______ at the meeting now.
A．explain B．explained C．are explaining D．are being explained
30．Many new roads ______ in my hometown since 2020.
A．build B．built C．have been built D．were built
31．The students ______ how to protect the environment in science class.
A．teach B．taught C．are taught D．were taught
32．The bridge ______ for five years.
A．has completed B．completed C．has been completed D．has been open
33．The movie ______ in the cinema next week.
A．shows B．will show C．will be shown D．is shown
34．The problem ______ by the teacher yet.
A．hasn’t solved B．hasn’t been solved C．didn’t solve D．wasn’t solved
35．The birthday cake ______ by my sister yesterday.
A．makes B．made C．was made D．is made
36．The instructions ______ clearly on the box.
A．write B．wrote C．are written D．written
37．The lost dog ______ by a kind man last night.
A．finds B．found C．was found D．is found
38．The project ______ by the end of next month.
A．completes B．will complete C．will be completed D．completed
39．The story ______ by children all over the world.
A．loves B．loved C．is loved D．was loved
40．The new factory ______ pollution to the river.
A．reduces B．reduced C．has reduced D．has been reduced
二、完成句子
41．这些玩具是中国制造的。
These toys ________________ China.
42．丝绸是由蚕丝制成的。
Silk ________________ silkworms.
43．这栋大楼将于明年完工。
The building ________________ next year.
44．垃圾应该被分类回收。
Rubbish should ________________ and recycled.
45．这本小说已经被翻译成多种语言。
The novel ________________ into many languages.
46．昨天这个包被遗忘在公共汽车上。
The bag ________________ on the bus yesterday.
47．许多古建筑在战争中被摧毁了。
Many ancient buildings ________________ during the war.
48．新规定正在被讨论。
The new rules ________________ now.
49．这些花每天都要浇水。
The flowers ________________ every day.
50．信件已经被寄出去了。
The letter ________________ yet.
51．手机被用来通讯。
Mobile phones ________________ communication.
52．纸是由木头制成的。
Paper ________________ wood.
53．这个计划已经被批准了。
The plan ________________ already.
54．这辆车是日本制造的。
The car ________________ Japan.
55．这些画是被一位著名艺术家创作的。
The paintings ________________ a famous artist.
56．问题必须立即解决。
The problem ________________ immediately.
57．窗户刚才被打破了。
The window ________________ just now.
58．这本书已经被许多人读过。
The book ________________ by many people.
59．运动会每年五月举行。
The sports meeting ________________ every May.
60．钥匙还没找到。
The keys ________________ yet.
参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
1.C
【解析】主语“kites”是动作承受者，且“every year”表明一般现在时，用“are made”。
2.A
【解析】“银”是可见材料，用“be made of”。
3.C
【解析】主语“The Great Wall”是动作承受者，且“tourists”是执行者，用“is visited by”。
4.C
【解析】“next month”表将来，主语“library”是动作承受者，用“will be opened”。
5.D
【解析】“cotton”是可见原材料，用“made of”。
6.C
【解析】主语“things”是动作承受者，且描述普遍现象，用一般现在时被动“are produced”。
7.C
【解析】歌曲被演唱，且是普遍现象，用“is sung”。
8.A
【解析】“yesterday”表过去，车是被洗的，用“was washed”。
9.C
【解析】“now”表明动作正在进行，用现在进行时被动“is being discussed”。
10.B
【解析】水稻被种植，且是客观事实，用“is grown”。
11.C
【解析】“yesterday”表过去，孩子们是被邀请的，用“were invited”。
12.B
【解析】“at the moment”表示正在被修理，用“is being repaired”。
13.C
【解析】奥运会是被举办的，且是周期性事件，用“are held”。
14.C
【解析】电脑被制造，客观事实用一般现在时被动“is made”。
15.C
【解析】“since”表明从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动“has been protected”。
16.C
【解析】“tomorrow”表将来，信是被寄出的，用“will be sent”。
17.B
【解析】“every day”表习惯动作，教室是被打扫的，用“is cleaned”。
18.C
【解析】邮票被使用，用“are used for”。
19.C
【解析】“yesterday”表过去，窗户是被关的，用“were closed”。
20.C
【解析】“in 2020”表过去时间点，博物馆是被开放的，用“was opened”。
21.C
【解析】孩子们被教育是普遍事实，用一般现在时被动“are taught”。
22.D
【解析】“next Sunday”表将来，比赛被播放，用“will be shown”。
23.C
【解析】“last spring”表过去，树是被种植的，用“were planted”。
24.A
【解析】钥匙被留在桌上，当前状态用“are left”。
25.D
【解析】“over 300 languages”强调结果，用现在完成时被动“has been translated”。
26.C
【解析】鞋子被制造是客观事实，用一般现在时“are made”。
27.A
【解析】“made”是主动语态，表示“使……高兴”。
28.C
【解析】“tomorrow”表将来，椅子被修理，用“will be fixed”。
29.D
【解析】“now”表明正在被解释，用“are being explained”。
30.C
【解析】“since 2020”表持续到现在，路是被建造的，用“have been built”。
31.C
【解析】学生被教育是常规课程，用“are taught”。
32.D
【解析】“for five years”需接延续性状态，“has been open”表示开放状态。
33.C
【解析】“next week”表将来，电影被放映，用“will be shown”。
34.B
【解析】“yet”用于现在完成时，问题被解决，用“hasn’t been solved”。
35.C
【解析】“yesterday”表过去，蛋糕被制作，用“was made”。
36.C
【解析】说明被写在盒子上，当前状态用“are written”。
37.C
【解析】“last night”表过去，狗被发现，用“was found”。
38.C
【解析】“by the end of next month”表将来完成，用“will be completed”。
39.C
【解析】故事被喜爱是普遍现象，用“is loved”。
40.C
【解析】工厂主动减少污染，用主动语态“has reduced”。
二、完成句子
41.are made in
42.is made from
43.will be completed
44.be sorted
45.has been translated
46.was left
47.were destroyed
48.are being discussed
49.must be watered
50.has been sent
51.are used for
52.is made from
53.has been approved
54.is made in
55.were created by
56.must be solved
57.was broken
58.has been read
59.is held
60.haven't been found

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