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Great inventions could change our lives. ln this unit, let's explore inventions. Where do
smart ideas come from What qualities do inventors have What drives people to invent
By the end of this unit, you will make a display board about an invention.
After completing the unit, you will be able to:
> use words and expressions in the unit to talk about inventions.
> use to-infinitive and -ing as object to talk about invention ideas.
F explain the importance of invention.
Starting out
O Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1 What differences between the
lives of ancient people and ours
do you know
2 What caused these differences
O Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What are these inventions
2 How have they changed our lives
Understanding ideas
@ look at the word cloud and predict. What's the passage about
desigl artificial arm invent
lnlprove helping hand
O Read the passage and check your answer.
Π
lanl
1 Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work
at a science fair. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic
blocks and fishing line.
2 "Hello," said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with
Easton's work.
3 This was the first time Easton met Jenny, a girl with a special
condition. She was born without an arm. Her artificial arm was
just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000. What's worse, children like
her grow quickly and need new arms all the time.
36 UNIT3
4 "lt blew me away! I built my arm for only $300," thought Easton. "l
must lend a hand to people like her."
s After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. He stayed there all day.
He always tried to improve his work. For his 16th birthday, Easton
got a 3-D printer. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. It was
able to move with brain signals of the user. But it wasn't good
enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. It was too heavy for a
child.
6 Easton kept working on it. He enjoyed fixing problems one after
another. And finally he hit on success at age 23. His design only
weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500!
7 Easton's invention has helped many children. He didn't want to
make money from it. He decided to post his design online... for
free! People can download the design and make an artificial arm
with their own 3-D printers!
8 What a helping hand!
Make it happen! 37
O Order the following events in the passage.
Easton made a robot arm with blocks and fishing line
Easton allowed people to use his design for free.
Easton and Jenny met at a science fair.
Easton made an artificial arm with a 3-D printer.
@ Complete the chart with the words and expressions from the passage.
l'low clicl Easton come up with the irlea
Where: At a(n) '-
Who: Jenny, a girl born '-
Problem to solvel Jenny's artificial arm cost 580,000.
But children like her 3 so they always need new
arms.
What are [aston's inventions
Age 14: A robot arm. lt was made from plastic blocks and
4
Age16:Anartificialarm.ltcouldu-withbrain
signals, but weighed 3.6 kilograms.
Age 3: Another artificiat arm. lt u- just 0.5
kilograms and '- around 5500.
VVhat did Easton do with his invention
Think and share
1 1Hovv、vould」enny′ s life change with Easton′ s
invention
He decided to post his 2 VVhat can you iearn from Easton
t- online for free. Learning to think for question 1 To understand
People could make their the influence of something, you can compare the
own with 3-D printers. situation before and after the use of it.
38 UNIT 3
@ nead the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the
grammar rules.
(a) He always tried to improve his work.
(b) He enjoyed fixing problems one after another.
Now find more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
0 1Complete the lparagraph with the correct form ofthe vvords in brackets
Lily's grandfather had Parkinson's disease, and he
kept '- (knock) his drinks over. Lily decided
'-(design) a new cup to help him. She
invented a cup with three legs. lt can stand well on
the table and Grandpa loved '_ (use) itl
@ Cornplete the news report with the correct form of the words in the box.
apply have shake do make
Boy designs 17-year-old Shantanu Gangwar noticed a
problem. Blind students at school had a
smart $tick hard time moving around. They wished
for the blind ' a smart machine to warn them
about the objects in their way, so Shantanu
decided 2 something to help
He invented a smart walking stick. It can sense objects nearby. Once it
senses an object, it starts '- to warn the user.
Shantanu won an award and received many congratulations for his
invention. However, he wanted 4 it even better. He also
hoped t- it to real life after finishing high school. "We can
produce a lot of these sticks and help more blind people," he said.
@ Wort in pairs. Think of a problem and come up with an idea for an
invention. Then write an advertisement for it. Use the words and expressions
from the reading passage and the Us$ul expressions to help you.
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ワコ l Wh at everyday roblem do 殴レ ] 勾How does the roblem troubleノ
you face gou
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4) How does the invention work 、 スヽWhot invention could solve the―
知げ 、.ν
roble m (Be creative! You can
be os imaginotive os Uou wcnt.)
WFite
___… _“ 口 ■■曖鐵 ■
introducing the
new
The 501VeS the prObiem Of_________________.
it works by___二___二__………___.
now!
Get One for Yourself
>Useful expressions ---------
. ... was just a,.., but it cost... o l'm going to invent a...
. What's worse, ... . lt will be able to...
. I must lend a hand to...
40 UNIT 3
Developing ideas
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Who is this mon
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一 DID YoU一 1目 KNoW7
Not every invention is created on purpose. Sometimes it's completely by accident! For
example, in 1928, Dr Alexander Fleming forgot to clean his lab before going on a holiday.
Later, he discovered penicillin from an uncleaned Petri dish. lt's now one of the most used
medicines in the world!
O O Listen to the news radio. What is its main purpose
a To encourage young people to become
inventors. Phonetics in use 0
b To introduce some different invention Pronunciation:
exhibitions. /l/ learn let
c To invite people to come and see an /r/ remember Mary
invention exhibition. Practise more .'., p99
d To explain the history of some inventors
and inventions.
Make it happen! 41
灯 《肉なI Listen again and comlplete the advertisenlent.
Coming up:
UNEXPEETEロ
UE‖T=口H5
=‖ Exhibition:
Learn about great inventions and their 1
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Tme Tickets
l May 2 9am-5pm Adults f 30
Place '- f 15
City Museum Children under 12 4
Special event
AtalkbyMaryBrown.Youcanlearnallaboutthe5-ofa
successful inventor. It starts at t- am on I May.
42 UNIT 3
甍閻予0当,Listen to)the talk andl co)nllplete the chart.
Qualities
Some 6
Invention examples
Spencer Silver invented a The Wright Brothers learnt A boy left a glass of
type of ' t- 7 But from and never outside with
it was too weak. Later, lost hope. a stick in it. The next day,
Arthur Fry found it perfect he found it was frozen. He
for sticking notes to tasted it and invented the
'_. This invention ice Iolly.
was the Post-it Note.
ffi Listen again. Then Opening a talk or speech A good start can
talk about how the quickly catch the listeners' attention. We can start by
speaker opens the talk. addressing the listeners directly, dsking an interesting
questioo, telling a story or sharing a famous saying.
‐秒lVVo)rk in lpairs.Act out a conversation about an invention and its inventonR核
隋 Turn to Page 102 ｀ rn t° Page l°
辣傷頷 :rh‐ 1砲
I'ialk about what you have learnt about the qualities of an inventor in this
section.
Make it happen! 43
Reading for uuriting
O Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
Use the words and expressions to help you.
1 Who invented them
2 How would you describe the inventors
curlous new discoveries do research
brave ploneer scientist discover
O Read the passage and check your answers.
1 Albert Einstein once said, "l have no special talents. I am only
passionately curious." The greatest inventions in history would be
impossible without curiosity.
2 Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great
example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity
about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it.
For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him
to invent the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from
lightning.
3 Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the
Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration.
He was so curious about space that he
invented a "flying chair"! He lost his life
while testing this invention. Despite the
The r r 0
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failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt
from his example, and created safer ways to explore space.
a But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people
towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and
inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in
the world move He spent years studying the sky and the earth.
Finally, he drew China's first star map, and invented the first
earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists
today.
5 As Jacques Cousteau said, "What is a scientist after all It is a
curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature,
trying to know what's going on." Curiosity is the key. It opens one
door after another for us to discover a new world.
@ Complete the chart with the words and expressions from the passage
What were they curious about
Zhang Heng
As a(n) u-, he was
curious about the world.
He did a lot of2 exploration. He invented He spent years studying
7
IHle once fle'Ⅵ r a kite during a "flying chaif", and he He drew
a(n)3___二_二__ He tested the invention by hina′s first 8
inVented the lightning rOdi himself. But unluckily he and invented the first
5 earthquake detector.
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@ Rns*er the questions
I What words of famous people does the writer use in the passage What are
their effects
2 What door can the key of curiosity open
3 What other examples can you use to describe curiosity
1 Do you think inventors could work without curiosity Why or why not
2 What are you most curious about
Learning to think for question 1 You can consider these questions: What famous
inventors do you know What role does curiosity play in creating their inventions
46 UNIT 3
O Write a passage about the power of curiosity.
Look at the opinions about curiosity below. Choose one to write about.
. Curiosity can bring new discoveries.
. Curiosity can make people brave.
. Curiosity can drive people towards certain goals.
Think of other examples to prove the opinion and organise your idea with
the thinking map.
Example(s):
My idea:
Check. Did you: D use enough examples to support your idea
fl use the words and expressions from the reading passage
n give your opinion on the power of curiosityP
Make it happen! 47
Make a display board about an invention
St叩 〈鵬
VVork in groups.Search for inforrnation about great inventions.丁 hey can
be inventions frorn history or rnodern tirnes.Talk about theirinventors and
importance.丁ake a group vote to decide on one invention.
nanle lof invention the:nventor its irnportan e
S岬 1懸
Prepare your display board and use the following outline to organise your
ideas. You can use the language tips in the outline or find useful expressions or
sentences from this unit.
露醜vettti機醜 鶴議観ne
Probler穐 Abottt the inve臓竜or 島饉ateFialS
― Poople wanted ― .… ′a...scientist/ ― ...rγ lade it out of...
50mething... inventoL was curious ― using...′ ‐..invented
二 PeOple had a about... the.…
hard tirneD● ●They 一 He/She spent years
vピished.… studying.… HOw it wYttrks
… Fina‖y he/she..ロ
Soi覇tio職
The answer was
tO… .
… Ⅲ..decided to invent
a`.:!t was able to.。 .
Rem e rn beri.
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Don't forget to include some pictures Ｆ
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on gou r ditploy board. 難難

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48 UNIT3
Step 畿
Practise and present your display board to the class.
鴛竜等《騰
Vote on the best three display boards and the best three presentations
曜警Atter completing this unit′ l understand more about great inventions.
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O b express my understanding′ I can…
E]use words and expressions ln the unit to talk about inventionsi
□ use rο _infinitive and_ling as oqect to talk about invention ideasロ
E]explain the irnportance of inventionロ
贅1=excellent′ 2=900d′ 3=not yet
畿 I sti‖ need to improve:
「Vlake it happen: 49

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