资源简介 高考英语基础语法一轮复习学案——连词一、连词的核心分类与基础功能连词(Conjunction)是连接词、短语、从句或句子的虚词,在句子中不单独作成分,但通过构建逻辑关系使表达更连贯。根据功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类,每种类型对应不同的语法规则和语境应用。(一)并列连词:连接平行结构并列连词用于连接语法地位相同的词、短语或句子,常见逻辑关系包括并列、转折、选择和因果。1. 表并列关系:and(和)、both...and...(两者都)、not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……) 用法: and 表顺承或递进,连接对等成分。例句:She likes reading and writing.(连接动名词);He is smart and hardworking.(连接形容词) both...and... 强调两者兼具,谓语动词用复数。例句:Both Tom and Jerry are good at math. not only...but also... 和 neither...nor... 遵循“就近原则”,谓语动词与最近的主语一致。例句:Not only you but also he likes English.(与he一致);Neither she nor I am wrong.(与I一致)2. 表转折关系:but(但是)、yet(然而)、while(而,却)、however(然而,副词需用逗号隔开) 用法: but 直接连接转折内容,语气较强。例句:He is rich but not happy. while 强调对比,常用于连接两个平行句子。例句:Some people love cats, while others prefer dogs. however 作副词,位置灵活,需用逗号与句子隔开。例句:He tried hard; however, he failed.(分号可替换为句号)3. 表选择关系:or(或者;否则)、either...or...(要么……要么……)、otherwise(否则) 用法: or 用于选择或警告(= if not)。例句:Do you want tea or coffee (选择);Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(否则) either...or... 遵循就近原则,连接两个选择项。例句:Either you or he has to clean the classroom.4. 表因果关系:for(因为,补充说明理由)、so(所以) 用法: for 引导的句子不可置于句首,用于解释前文。例句:He must be ill, for he didn’t come to school. so 表结果,不能与because连用。例句:It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home.(二)从属连词:引导从句从属连词用于引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句等)或状语从句(时间、条件、让步等),使从句依附于主句存在。1. 引导名词性从句:that、whether、if(是否)、wh-词(what、who、where等) 用法: that 在宾语从句中可省略,在其他从句中一般不省。例句:I believe (that) he will succeed.(宾语从句可省);That he is honest is known to all.(主语从句不可省) whether/if 表“是否”时,if 一般只用于宾语从句,whether 可用于各类名词性从句,且可与or not连用。例句:I don’t know if/whether he will come.(宾语从句);The question is whether he can finish it on time.(表语从句,不可用if)2. 引导时间状语从句:when、while、as、before、after、since、until/till、as soon as、once 用法: when 既指时间点也指时间段,从句动词可为延续或非延续性。例句:When I arrived, she was cooking.(时间点) while 强调主从句动作同时进行,从句动词须为延续性。例句:While he was reading, I was writing. as 表“一边……一边……”或“随着”。例句:She sang as she walked.(一边……一边);As time went by, we became friends.(随着) since 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。例句:We have lived here since we moved to the city. until/till 用于否定句时,主句动词为非延续性;用于肯定句时,主句动词为延续性。例句:He didn’t leave until I came back.(非延续性);I waited till he arrived.(延续性)3. 引导条件状语从句:if(如果)、unless(除非,= if...not)、as long as(只要)、in case(万一) 例句: If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.(= if you don’t study hard)4. 引导让步状语从句:although/though(虽然)、even if/even though(即使)、while(尽管)、no matter + wh-词(无论……) 用法: although/though 不可与but连用,但可与yet/still连用。例句:Although he is poor, yet he is happy. while 表“尽管”时,须置于句首。例句:While I understand your point, I can’t agree. no matter + wh-词 与 wh-ever 可互换。例句:No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.(= Whatever you say...)二、高考高频连词考点详解(一)并列连词的逻辑判断高考常考查并列连词在语境中的逻辑关系,需结合句意选择合适的连词。 真题示例(2023全国乙卷):题目:She wanted to buy a new dress, ______ she didn’t have enough money.答案:but解析:前后句为转折关系,用but连接。(二)从属连词的时态与倒装结构1. 时间和条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句:I’ll call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.(从句用arrive而非will arrive)2. 让步状语从句的倒装:though/although引导的从句可倒装,结构为“形容词/副词/名词 + though + 主语 + 谓语”。 例句:Child though he is, he knows a lot.(= Though he is a child...)(三)易混连词辨析1. while vs. when vs. as while:强调主从句动作同时持续,从句动词为延续性。 when:既可指时间点也可指时间段,从句动词不限。 as:侧重伴随或动作同步,可译为“一边……一边……”或“随着”。2. because vs. since vs. as vs. for because:表直接因果,语气最强,可回答why提问。 since:译为“既然”,侧重已知事实。 as:译为“由于”,语气较弱,引导明显原因。 for:补充说明理由,不可置于句首。三、高考真题中的连词考点剖析1. (2022新高考Ⅰ卷) 题目:______ you work harder, you won’t be able to pass the final exam. 答案:Unless 解析:根据句意“除非你更努力,否则无法通过考试”,用unless引导条件状语从句。2. (2021全国甲卷) 题目:He was about to leave ______ someone knocked at the door. 答案:when 解析:固定结构“be about to do...when...”表示“正要做某事时突然……”,用when。3. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) 题目:______ the weather was fine, we decided to go on a picnic. 答案:Since 解析:“既然天气好,我们决定去野餐”,用since引导原因状语从句。四、连词易错点总结与复习建议(一)易错点梳理1. 逻辑关系误判:混淆转折(but)、因果(so)、让步(although)等连词的使用场景。2. 时态与结构错误:忽略时间/条件状语从句的“主将从现”原则,或误用倒装结构。3. 固定搭配遗漏:未掌握“not only...but also...”“no matter how”等固定搭配。(二)高效复习策略1. 语境分析法:通过高考真题和模拟题,分析连词在不同语境中的逻辑功能。2. 对比记忆法:整理易混连词的用法差异(如while/when/as),结合例句强化记忆。3. 写作应用法:在作文中刻意使用不同类型的连词,提升句子间的连贯性。4. 口诀辅助:如“主将从现记心间,although不与but连”,帮助快速回顾规则。通过系统梳理连词的语法规则和高频考点,并结合真题针对性训练,可有效提升在阅读理解、完形填空和写作中对连词的精准运用能力。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览