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新人教八年级上册教材知识点
预习提纲
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A (学生版)
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A What can you do for your home
单词和变形：
pack /p k/ v. 打包；收拾 → _____________ n. 包裹→ _______________ n. 包装工人；包装
机
pack up 打包
bathroom / bɑ θru m/ n. 浴室；洗手间→ _______________ n.洗澡
sort /s t/ v. 把……分类；整理 n. 种类
bedroom / bedru m/ n. 卧室 → ____________n. 床
balcony / b lk ni/ n. 阳台
hang up 挂起；挂断电话 →过去式：___________________
invite / n va t/ v. 邀请 → _______________n. 邀请→ _________________ n.受邀人→
_________________adj. 未被邀请的
living room 客厅
arrival / ra vl/ n. 到达 → ________________ v. 到达
yet /jet/ adv. （用于否定句和疑问句）还 conj. 但是
add / d/ v. 添加；加→ ______________ n.添加物→ _________________ adj. 额外的
add sth to sth把……加入……
go shopping 去购物
biscuit / b sk t/ n. 饼干
borrow / b r / v. 借
plan /pl n/ v. 策划；打算 n. 计划；方案
treasure / tre (r)/ n. 宝物；财富 v. 珍视
hunt /h nt/ n. 搜寻；狩猎 v. 搜寻；打猎→ _____________ n.猎人
treasure hunt 寻宝游戏
lift /l ft/ n. 搭便车；电梯 v. 举起；抬起
give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人
until / n t l/ prep. 到……时；直到……为止
be careful with 注意；当心
movie / mu vi/ n. 电影
the movies 电影院；电影产业
1
dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的；死的→ _____________ v. 死亡；消亡→ _____________ n.死亡
note /n t/ n. 笔记；记录；便条 v. 注意；指出→ ______________ n.注意；通知；布告
take notes 做笔记
clean up 清扫
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；社团
rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾
单元句型：
单元句型1
— Could you please sweep the floor
— Yes, Dad. I’ll do it at once.
单元句型2
Can I put some flowers on the table
Yes, good idea.
______________________________
打扫房间
________________
________________
________________
打包东西
打扫地板
打扫浴室
___________________
将东西分类放进箱子
________________
________________
在阳台种花
喂鱼
________________
______________________________
挂画
邀请朋友来新家
________________
浇水 2
句型操练：根据中文提示写句子
1. 你能给植物浇水吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
抱歉，我正在打扫浴室。
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 我能邀请朋友来新家吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
当然可以。______________________________________________________________________
3. 你能帮我打扫爷爷奶奶的房间吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
没问题。______________________________________________________________________
4. 你能帮我把画挂起来吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
当然。__________________________________________________________________________
5. 我能把一些花放在窗边吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
可以，好主意。__________________________________________________________________
6. 我午饭后能和朋友出去闲逛吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
抱歉，你必须先打包好你的东西。
________________________________________________________________________________
7. 我能去看电影吗？______________________________________________________________
当然可以。______________________________________________________________________
8. 我能待在外面直到11点吗？
________________________________________________________________________________
抱歉，你不可以。_______________________________________
3
单元语法 — 情态动词can和could 的用法
表示能力
can：表示现在或一般的能力
I can swim.我会游泳。
She can speak Chinese and English. 她能说中文和英文
could：表示过去的能力
He could run fast when he was young.他年轻时跑得很快。
They couldn’t solve the problem yesterday.昨天他们没能解决这个问题。
表示请求
Can... ：非正式场合的请求（口语常用）
Can you help me with my homework 你能帮我做作业吗？
Could... ：更礼貌、委婉的请求（比 can 更正式）
Could you open the window, please 请打开窗户好吗？
注意：回答时不用 could，直接用 can：
—Could I borrow your pen —Yes, you can.
表示许可
can：非正式地请求或给予许可
You can use my phone.你可以用我的手机。
Can I leave early today 我今天能早点走吗？
could：更礼貌地请求许可（但回答时用 can/may）
Could I ask you a question 我能问您一个问题吗？
Of course you can. 当然可以。
表示可能性
can：理论或逻辑上的可能性（否定常用 can’t）
Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟可能致癌。
It can’t be true!这不可能是真的！ 4
could：较弱的可能性（类似 might）
It could rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。
She could be at home now.她现在可能在家。
即学即练：
一. 选择题
1. —______ I use your dictionary —Of course you ______.
A. Could; could B. Can; can C. Could; can’t D. Can; could
2. —______ I use your phone Mine doesn’t work. —Sorry, you ______. I need it now.
A. Can; can B. Could; can’t C. Can; could D. Could; could
3. The museum is closed today. We ______ visit it now.
A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t
4. —______ you help me carry this box It’s too heavy. —No problem!
A. Can B. Do C. May D. Must
5. —________ I take photos here — Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will
二. 用 can / can’t / could / couldn’t 填空
1. My brother _________ swim very well now, but he _____________ swim at all last year.
2. —_________ I borrow your pen —Sorry, you __________. I’m using it now.
3. The boy __________ solve the math problem because it was too difficult.
4. Look at the sign! You ___________ park your car here.
5. She __________ speak French, but she ___________ speak Spanish.
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教材预习 Section A P13
Dad: Guess what! Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend!
Jim: Oh, great!
Peter: I can't wait to show them our new house!
Mum: Yes, but now we need to get ready for their arrival. Can you help me clean up their room
Peter: But their room is already clean!
Mum: Well, it's not "grandma clean" yet!
Peter: Oh, OK.
Dad: Jim, can you help me put the new clock on the wall I bought it for Grandpa to see the time.
Jim: Sure, Dad.
Dad: Helen, can you move this chair to their room Grandpa likes reading books in front of the
window.
Helen: No problem, Dad. Can I put some flowers by the window
Dad: Yes, good idea! Grandma loves flowers.
Helen: Mum, could you take me to the flower shop later
Mum: No problem. Let's go after lunch.
读对话，回答问题
1. Who will visit them this weekend
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What did Dad buy for Grandpa
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. Where will they go after lunch
__________________________________________________________________________________
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短语/句型归纳：
1. 迫不及待做某事 ______________________________________________________________
翻译：我迫不及待去见他。
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 向某人展示某物 _______________________________________________________________
翻译：他向我们展示他的新手机。__________________________________________________
3. 为……做准备 _________________________________________________________________
翻译：我们正在为比赛做准备。
________________________________________________________________________________
4. 需要做某事 ___________________________________________________________________
翻译：皮特需要为考试做准备。
________________________________________________________________________________
5. 清扫 _________________________________________________________________________
翻译：皮特正在打扫他的房间。
________________________________________________________________________________7
6. 把某物放在某处上面 ___________________________________________________________
翻译：请把你的书包放在椅子上。
________________________________________________________________________________
7. 为某人买某物 _________________________________________________________________
翻译：我妈妈给我买了特别的东西。
________________________________________________________________________________
8. 把某物移动/搬去某地 ___________________________________________________________
翻译：请把这个桌子搬去房间。
________________________________________________________________________________
9. 在……前面 ___________________________________________________________________
翻译: 爷爷正坐在电视机前面。
________________________________________________________________________________
考点精讲
考点精讲1: 现在进行时表将来
教材原句：
Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend
现在进行时结构 __________________在这里表示：______________
现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时（be + V-ing）除了表示正在进行的动作外，还可以用来表示已经安排好的、
即将发生的将来事件，通常带有计划性、确定性。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。
They are having a party next Saturday. 他们下周六要举办派对。
1. 表示近期确定要发生的动作（计划或安排）
She is flying to London this evening. 她今晚要飞往伦敦。
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2. 表示即将发生的动作（通常搭配将来时间状语）
He is starting his new job next week. 他下周要开始新工作。
3. 表示“即将离开、到达”等移动动词
go, come, leave, arrive, start, move, fly, drive 等动词常用现在进行时表将来。
My parents are coming to see me this weekend. 我父母这周末要来看我。
The bus is leaving in five minutes. 公交车5分钟后发车。
即学即练：
一. 用所给动词的现在进行时填空（表将来）
1. My brother _______________ (fly) to Shanghai next Monday.
2. We _______________ (have) a birthday party this weekend.
3. The train _______________ (leave) at 8:30 p.m. tonight.
4. They _______________ (move) to a new house next month.
5. I _______________ (meet) my friend after school today.
二. 根据中文提示完成句子
1.我爸爸明天要去北京出差。
My father ______ ________ ________ Beijing on business tomorrow.
2. 下周日我们要去野餐。
We _______ __________ a picnic next Sunday.
3. 火车两小时后发车。
The train _______ _________ in two hours.
考点精讲2: by 的用法
教材原句：
Can I put some flowers by the window.
介词by在这里表示：______________________________________
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by的多种用法
表示方式、方法（=通过...方式）
I go to school by bus.我乘公交上学（表示乘坐）
She learned English by watching movies.
她通过看电影学英语 (表示通过某种方式)
表示时间（=不迟于，在...之前）
Please finish your homework by Friday.请在周五前完成作业
表示位置（=在...旁边）
Sit by the window, please.请坐在窗边
表示被动语态中的执行者
The novel was written by Lu Xun. 这本小说是鲁迅写的
表示程度、数量（=相差...）
He is taller than me by 5 cm. 他比我高5厘米
即学即练
单项选择
1. I usually go to work ______ subway.
A. on B. by C. with D. in
2. Please send me the report ______ Friday.
A. until B. in C. by D. at
3. The letter was written ______ my best friend.
A. with B. by C. from D. to
4. The cat is sleeping ______ the fireplace.
A. by B. on C. at D. in
5. She improved her English ______ practicing every day.
A. by B. with C. for D. at
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新人教八年级上册教材知识点
预习提纲
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A (教师版)
Unit 2 Home Sweet Home
Section A What can you do for your home
单词和变形：
pack /p k/ v. 打包；收拾 → _____p_a_c_k_ag_e_ __ n. 包裹 pa→ ______c_k_e_r _ _____ n. 包装工人；包装
机
pack up 打包
bathroom / bɑ θru m/ n. 浴室；洗手间→ ___b_a_t_h_ ________ n.洗澡
sort /s t/ v. 把……分类；整理 n. 种类
bedroom / bedru m/ n. 卧室 → ____b_e_d__ ____n. 床
balcony / b lk ni/ n. 阳台
hung up
hang up 挂起；挂断电话 →过去式：___________________
invite / n va t/ v. 邀请 → ___in_v_i_ta_t_i_o_n_ ____n. 邀请→ ____i_n_v_it_e_e_ _______ n.受邀人→
_u_n_i_n_v_it_e_d_ ________adj. 未被邀请的
living room 客厅
arrival / ra vl/ n. 到达 → ___a_r_r_iv_e_ ________ v. 到达
yet /jet/ adv. （用于否定句和疑问句）还 conj. 但是
add / d/ v. 添加；加→ ___a_d_d_it_io__n_ ____ n.添加物→ ____a_d_d_i_ti_o_n_a_l _ ____ adj. 额外的
add sth to sth把……加入……
go shopping 去购物
biscuit / b sk t/ n. 饼干
borrow / b r / v. 借
plan /pl n/ v. 策划；打算 n. 计划；方案
treasure / tre (r)/ n. 宝物；财富 v. 珍视
hunt /h nt/ n. 搜寻；狩猎 v. 搜寻；打猎→ __h_u_n_t_e_r ______ n.猎人
treasure hunt 寻宝游戏
lift /l ft/ n. 搭便车；电梯 v. 举起；抬起
give sb a lift 开车顺便送某人
until / n t l/ prep. 到……时；直到……为止
be careful with 注意；当心
movie / mu vi/ n. 电影
the movies 电影院；电影产业
1
dead /ded/ adj. 不运行的；死的→ ___d_i_e_ _______ v. 死亡；消亡→ ____d_e_a_t_h_ ____ n.死亡
note /n t/ n. 笔记；记录；便条 v. 注意；指出→ ____n_o__ti_ce_ _____ n.注意；通知；布告
take notes 做笔记
clean up 清扫
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社区；社团
rubbish / r b / n. 垃圾
单元句型：
单元句型1
— Could you please sweep the floor
— Yes, Dad. I’ll do it at once.
单元句型2
Can I put some flowers on the table
Yes, good idea.
__c_le_a_n_ _t_h_e_ r_o_o_m_ ________________
打扫房间
pack up things
________________ sweep the floor
________________ clean the bathroom
________________
打包东西
打扫地板
sort things into boxes 打扫浴室
___________________
将东西分类放进箱子
grow flow__e_rs_ o_n__ t_h_e_ b_a_l_co__n_y feed the fish
________________
在阳台种花
喂鱼
__h_a_n_g_ u_p_ _p_ic_t_u_re_s_ _
_i_n_vi_t_e_ f_ri_e_n_d_s_ t_o_ t_h_e_ n_e_w__ h_o_u__se_ ____
挂画
邀请朋友来新家
water plants
________________
浇水 2
句型操练：根据中文提示写句子
1. 你能给植物浇水吗？
__C_o_u_l_d_ y_o_u_ _p_le_a_s_e_ w__a_te_r_ _th_e_ _p_la_n_t_s_？__________________________________________________
抱歉，我正在打扫浴室。
Sorry, I am cleaning the bathroom.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 我能邀请朋友来新家吗？
Can I invite my friends to our new house
________________________________________________________________________________
Sure.
当然可以。______________________________________________________________________
3. 你能帮我打扫爷爷奶奶的房间吗？
___C_o_u_ld_ _y_o_u_ p_l_e_a_se_ _h_e_lp_ _m_e_ _c_le_a_n_ _u_p_ g_r_a_n_d_p_a_r_e_n_ts_’_ r_o_o_m_ _ ________________________________
没问题。______N__o_ p_r_o_b_l_e_m_._ _____________________________________________________
4. 你能帮我把画挂起来吗？
___C_o_u_ld_ _y_o_u_ p_l_e_a_se_ _h_e_lp_ _m_e_ _h_a_n_g_ u_p_ _t_h_e_ p_i_ct_u_r_e_s_ _______________________________________
当然。_O__f _c_o_u_rs_e_._ ________________________________________________________________
5. 我能把一些花放在窗边吗？
__C_a_n_ I_ p_u_t_ s_o_m__e_ f_lo_w__e_rs_ _b_y_ t_h_e_ w__in_d_o_w__ _ ______________________________________________
Yes, good idea.
可以，好主意。__________________________________________________________________
6. 我午饭后能和朋友出去闲逛吗？
__C_a_n_ _I _h_a_n_g_ o_u_t_ w__it_h_ m__y_ f_r_ie_n_d_s_ a_f_t_e_r _lu_n_c_h_ ____________________________________________
抱歉，你必须先打包好你的东西。
__S_o_r_r_y._ Y_o_u_ _h_a_v_e_ t_o_ p_a_c_k_ u_p__ y_o_u_r_ t_h_in_g_s_ f_i_rs_t_. ___________________________________________
7. 我能去看电影吗？___C_a_n_ _I _g_o_ t_o_ t_h_e_ _m_o_v_i_e_s _ ________________________________________
当然可以。 Sure. ______________________________________________________________________
8. 我能待在外面直到11点吗？
__C_a_n_ _I _st_a_y_e_d_ o_u__t _u_n_ti_l _e_le_v_e_n_ _ ______________________________________________________
抱歉，你不可以。_S_o_r_r_y,_ y_o_u_ _c_a_n_’t_. _________________________
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单元语法 — 情态动词can和could 的用法
表示能力
can：表示现在或一般的能力
I can swim.我会游泳。
She can speak Chinese and English. 她能说中文和英文
could：表示过去的能力
He could run fast when he was young.他年轻时跑得很快。
They couldn’t solve the problem yesterday.昨天他们没能解决这个问题。
表示请求
Can... ：非正式场合的请求（口语常用）
Can you help me with my homework 你能帮我做作业吗？
Could... ：更礼貌、委婉的请求（比 can 更正式）
Could you open the window, please 请打开窗户好吗？
注意：回答时不用 could，直接用 can：
—Could I borrow your pen —Yes, you can.
表示许可
can：非正式地请求或给予许可
You can use my phone.你可以用我的手机。
Can I leave early today 我今天能早点走吗？
could：更礼貌地请求许可（但回答时用 can/may）
Could I ask you a question 我能问您一个问题吗？
Of course you can. 当然可以。
表示可能性
can：理论或逻辑上的可能性（否定常用 can’t）
Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟可能致癌。
It can’t be true!这不可能是真的！ 4
could：较弱的可能性（类似 might）
It could rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。
She could be at home now.她现在可能在家。
即学即练：
一. 选择题
1. —______ I use your dictionary —Of course you ______.
A. Could; could B. Can; can C. Could; can’t D. Can; could
2. —______ I use your phone Mine doesn’t work. —Sorry, you ______. I need it now.
A. Can; can B. Could; can’t C. Can; could D. Could; could
3. The museum is closed today. We ______ visit it now.
A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t
4. —______ you help me carry this box It’s too heavy. —No problem!
A. Can B. Do C. May D. Must
5. —________ I take photos here — Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will
二. 用 can / can’t / could / couldn’t 填空
1. My brother ___c_a_n_ ___ swim very well now, but he ____co__u_ld_n_’_t ___ swim at all last year.
2. —____C_a_n_ __ I borrow your pen —Sorry, you __c_a_n_’_t ____. I’m using it now.
3. The boy ___co__u_ld_n_’_t _ solve the math problem because it was too difficult.
4. Look at the sign! You _c_a_n_’_t/_c_a_n_ __ park your car here.
5. She __c_a_n_ _____ speak French, but she ____ca_n_’_t_ ___ speak Spanish.
can’t can
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教材预习 Section A P13
Dad: Guess what! Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend!
Jim: Oh, great!
Peter: I can't wait to show them our new house!
Mum: Yes, but now we need to get ready for their arrival. Can you help me clean up their room
Peter: But their room is already clean!
Mum: Well, it's not "grandma clean" yet!
Peter: Oh, OK.
Dad: Jim, can you help me put the new clock on the wall I bought it for Grandpa to see the time.
Jim: Sure, Dad.
Dad: Helen, can you move this chair to their room Grandpa likes reading books in front of the
window.
Helen: No problem, Dad. Can I put some flowers by the window
Dad: Yes, good idea! Grandma loves flowers.
Helen: Mum, could you take me to the flower shop later
Mum: No problem. Let's go after lunch.
读对话，回答问题
1. Who will visit them this weekend
____G_r_a_n_d_p_a_ a_n_d_ _G_r_a_n_d_m_a_._ ___________________________________________________________
2. What did Dad buy for Grandpa
____A_ _n_e_w_ _cl_o_c_k_. ____________________________________________________________________
3. Where will they go after lunch
____A_ _fl_o_w_e_r_ s_h_o_p_._ __________________________________________________________________
6
a clock for Grandpa
to see the time
flowers by the
window. Grandma
loves it.
buy some flowers
clean
短语/句型归纳：
1. 迫不及待做某事 ___c_a_n_’t_ w__a_it_ t_o_ _d_o_ _st_h_._ __________________________________________
翻译：我迫不及待去见他。
I can’t wait to meet him.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. 向某人展示某物 ___s_h_o_w__ s_b_. _s_th_._ =_ _sh_o__w_ s_t_h_. _t_o_ s_b_. _ __________________________________
翻译：他向我们展示他的新手机。__H__e_ s_h_o_w_e_d_ _m_e_ _h_is_ _n_e_w_ _m_o_b_i_le_ _p_h_o_n_e_. _________________
3. 为……做准备 ____g_e_t_ r_e_a_d_y_ f_o_r ___________________________________________________
翻译：我们正在为比赛做准备。
__W_e_ _a_r_e_ g_e_t_ti_n_g_ r_e_a_d_y_ f_o_r _t_h_e_ m__a_tc_h_._ _________________________________________________
4. 需要做某事 ___n_e_e_d_ _to_ _d_o_ s_t_h_. ____________________________________________________
翻译：皮特需要为考试做准备。
Peter needs to get ready for the exam.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. 清扫 ___c_l_e_a_n_ u_p_ _______________________________________________________________
翻译：皮特正在打扫他的房间。
Peter is cleaning up his room.
________________________________________________________________________________7
6. 把某物放在某处上面 ___p_u__t _st_h_._ o_n_ _sp_._____________________________________________
翻译：请把你的书包放在椅子上。
_P_l_e_a_s_e_ p_u_t_ y_o_u_r_ s_c_h_o_o_l_b_a_g_ o_n_ _th_e_ _c_h_a_ir_. _______________________________________________
7. 为某人买某物 ___b_u_y_ _s_th_._ f_o_r_ s_b_. __________________________________________________
翻译：我妈妈给我买了特别的东西。
__M__y_ m__u_m__ b_o_u_g_h_t_ s_o_m__e_th_i_n_g_ s_p_e_c_ia_l_ f_o_r_ m__e_. ___________________________________________
8. 把某物移动/搬去某地 _____m_o__ve_ _s_th_._ t_o_ s_p_._ _________________________________________
翻译：请把这个桌子搬去房间。
__P_l_e_a_s_e_ m__o_v_e_ t_h_e_ t_a_b_le_ _to_ _t_h_e_ r_o_o_m_._ _________________________________________________
9. 在……前面 ____in_ _fr_o_n_t_ o_f_ _______________________________________________________
翻译: 爷爷正坐在电视机前面。
_M__y_ g_r_a_n_d_f_a_th_e_r_ i_s_ s_it_t_in_g_ i_n_ f_r_o_n_t _o_f_ t_h_e_ T_V_._ ____________________________________________
考点精讲
考点精讲1: 现在进行时表将来
教材原句：
Grandpa and Grandma are visiting us this weekend
现在进行时结构 __a_re_ _v_is_it_i_n_g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 在 这 里 表 示 ： _ _ _准__备__要__发__生__的_动作
现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时（be + V-ing）除了表示正在进行的动作外，还可以用来表示已经安排好的、
即将发生的将来事件，通常带有计划性、确定性。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京。
They are having a party next Saturday. 他们下周六要举办派对。
1. 表示近期确定要发生的动作（计划或安排）
She is flying to London this evening. 她今晚要飞往伦敦。
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2. 表示即将发生的动作（通常搭配将来时间状语）
He is starting his new job next week. 他下周要开始新工作。
3. 表示“即将离开、到达”等移动动词
go, come, leave, arrive, start, move, fly, drive 等动词常用现在进行时表将来。
My parents are coming to see me this weekend. 我父母这周末要来看我。
The bus is leaving in five minutes. 公交车5分钟后发车。
即学即练：
一. 用所给动词的现在进行时填空（表将来）
1. My brother ____i_s_ f_ly_in_g_ _____ (fly) to Shanghai next Monday.
2. We ___a_r_e_ h_a_v_in__g ____ (have) a birthday party this weekend.
3. The train __i_s_ le_a_v_i_n_g_ _____ (leave) at 8:30 p.m. tonight.
4. They ___a_re_ _m_o__vi_n_g_ ___ (move) to a new house next month.
5. I ___a_m_ _m_e_e_t_in_g_ ___ (meet) my friend after school today.
二. 根据中文提示完成句子
1.我爸爸明天要去北京出差。
My father __is_ _ _ _ _ l_e_a_vi_n_g_ _ _ _fo_r_ ____ Beijing on business tomorrow.
2. 下周日我们要去野餐。
We __a_r_e_ _ _ _ _ _ h_a_v_in__g __ a picnic next Sunday.
3. 火车两小时后发车。
The train __i_s_ _ _ _ _ _ l_e_a_vi_n_g_ _ in two hours.
考点精讲2: by 的用法
教材原句：
Can I put some flowers by the window.
介词by在这里表示：______________________________________
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by的多种用法
表示方式、方法（=通过...方式）
I go to school by bus.我乘公交上学（表示乘坐）
She learned English by watching movies.
她通过看电影学英语 (表示通过某种方式)
表示时间（=不迟于，在...之前）
Please finish your homework by Friday.请在周五前完成作业
表示位置（=在...旁边）
Sit by the window, please.请坐在窗边
表示被动语态中的执行者
The novel was written by Lu Xun. 这本小说是鲁迅写的
表示程度、数量（=相差...）
He is taller than me by 5 cm. 他比我高5厘米
即学即练
单项选择
1. I usually go to work ______ subway.
A. on B. by C. with D. in
2. Please send me the report ______ Friday.
A. until B. in C. by D. at
3. The letter was written ______ my best friend.
A. with B. by C. from D. to
4. The cat is sleeping ______ the fireplace.
A. by B. on C. at D. in
5. She improved her English ______ practicing every day.
A. by B. with C. for D. at
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