初中英语七年级下册第二单元Unit 2 No Rules,No Order祈使句全面解析及练习(含答案)

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初中英语七年级下册第二单元Unit 2 No Rules,No Order祈使句全面解析及练习(含答案)

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初中七年级下册英语祈使句全面解析及练习
一、祈使句的定义与核心特征
定义:用于表达命令、请求、建议、警告或邀请的句子,主语通常省略(默认主语为第二人称 you)。
核心特征:以动词原形开头,句末用句号或感叹号,语调多为降调。
例句:
(1)Open the window, please.(请求)
(2)Be careful!(警告)
二、祈使句的基本结构与类型
1. 肯定祈使句
结构:动词原形 + 其他成分
例如:
Sit down.(命令)
Let’s go to the park.(建议,let’s = let us,后接动词原形)
Please bring your homework tomorrow.(礼貌请求,please 可放句首或句末)
2. 否定祈使句
结构 1:Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他成分(最常见形式)。
例:
Don’t run in the classroom.(禁止)
Don’t be late.(否定 be 动词)
结构 2:Never + 动词原形 + 其他成分(语气更强,表 “绝不”)。
例:
Never forget your promise.(强调 “绝不忘记”)
结构 3:Let’s + not + 动词原形(否定建议)。
例:
Let’s not wait here.(我们别在这儿等)
三、祈使句的特殊用法与注意事项
1. 以 let 开头的祈使句
let sb. do sth.:允许 / 让某人做某事,sb. 可为宾格(me/him/her/them/us)。
例:
Let him try.(让他试试)
Let me help you.(让我帮你)
反意疑问句:
(1)let’s 开头时,反意部分用 “shall we?”
例如:
Let’s study together, shall we
(2)let sb.(非 us)开头时,反意部分用 “will you?”
例如:
Let her stay here, will you
2. 祈使句 + and/or + 结果句
(1)and:表示 “如果…… 就会……”,相当于条件句(= if you…, you will…)。
例:
Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.(= If you work hard, you’ll pass.)
(2)or:表示 “否则……”,相当于否定条件句(= if you don’t…, you will…)。
例:
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.(= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.)
3. 礼貌祈使句的表达
(1)在句首或句末加 please(句末时前加逗号)。
例:
Please open the door. 或 Open the door, please.
(2)用 Would you please… 或 Could you please… 使语气更委婉(注意:这是疑问句,非祈使句,但功能接近请求)。
例:
Would you please close the window
四、祈使句与陈述句的区分
类型 结构 例 主语
祈使句 动词原形开头
Clean your room. 省略(you)
陈述句 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
He cleans his room every day. 明确(he/she/it 等)
五、常见错误与辨析
(1)错误 1:祈使句误用动词第三人称单数。
Opens the book.
Open the book.
(2)错误 2:否定祈使句漏用 don’t。
Not eat in class.
Don’t eat in class.
(3)辨析:Let’s vs. Let us
Let’s:包括说话者和听话者(如 “我们一起去”);
Let us:仅指说话者自己,请求听话者允许(如 “让我们去吧,你别去”)。
六、情景练习
1.翻译练习:
“不要在走廊里喧哗。”(Don’t shout in the hallway.)
“让我们放学后打篮球吧。”(Let’s play basketball after school.)
2.句型转换:
陈述句变祈使句:You can sit here. → Sit here, please.
肯定祈使句变否定:Come late. → Don’t come late.
3.情景造句:用祈使句描述教室规则(如 “No eating.”“Listen carefully.”)。
七、祈使句专项训练
一、单项选择(从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案,将序号填入题前括号内)
1.— late for class again, Tom.
—Sorry, Mr. Green.
A. Don’t
B. Don’t be
C. Not be
D. Be not
2. me help you carry the heavy box.
A. Let’s
B. Let
C. To let
D. Letting
3. quiet in the library. It’s a rule.
A. Keeping
B. Keeps
C. Keep
D. To keep
4. eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health.
A. Not
B. Don’t
C. Doesn’t
D. Didn’t
5.— clean the classroom after school.
—OK, we will.
A. Must
B. Have to
C. Let’s
D. You should
6. carefully, or you may make mistakes.
A. To listen
B. Listening
C. Listen
D. Listens
7. your hands before meals. It’s a good habit.
A. Wash
B. Washes
C. Washing
D. To wash
8. worry. I’ll help you with your math.
A. Not
B. Don’t
C. Doesn’t
D. Didn’t
9. us tell you a funny story.
A. Let’s
B. Let
C. To let
D. Letting
10. loudly in the hospital. People are resting.
A. Don’t talk
B. Not talk
C. Didn’t talk
D. Doesn’t talk
二、句型转换(根据题目要求改写句子,每空只填一词)
1.Open the window, please.(改为否定句)
the window, please.
2.Let’s go to the zoo this weekend.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s go to the zoo this weekend,
3.Sit down, please.(改为否定句)
down, please.
4.Let him play football with us.(改为反意疑问句)
Let him play football with us,
5.Be careful when you cross the road.(改为否定句)
careful when you cross the road.
6.Let’s have a party tonight.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s have a party tonight,
7.Close the door.(改为否定句)
the door.
8.Let her clean the classroom.(改为反意疑问句)
Let her clean the classroom,
9.Take your umbrella.(改为否定句)
your umbrella.
10.Let’s watch TV.(改为反意疑问句)
Let’s watch TV,
三、汉译英(根据中文提示,完成英语句子,注意祈使句结构)
1.别在墙上画画!
2.请帮我拿一下字典。
3.让我们一起打扫教室吧。
4.不要在图书馆里奔跑。
5.请安静!老师来了。
6.别忘记给花浇水。
7.让他先完成作业。
8.请把窗户关上。
9.不要在课堂上睡觉。
10.我们去公园放风筝吧。
四、在横线处填入适当的连词(and/or),使句子逻辑通顺
1.Study hard, you’ll get good grades.
2.Hurry up, you’ll miss the bus.
3.Listen to the teacher carefully, you can understand the lesson.
4.Take an umbrella, you’ll get wet in the rain.
5.Work hard, you’ll achieve your dream.
6.Be quick, we’ll be late for the movie.
7.Follow the rules, you’ll be safe.
8.Eat more vegetables, you’ll stay healthy.
9.Practice speaking English every day, you’ll improve your skills.
10.Get up early, you’ll be late for school.
五、改错(找出句子中的错误并在横线上改正)
1.Let him to do his homework alone.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
2.Don’t be late for school, isn’t you (找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
3.Let’s to play basketball after class.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
4.Not open the window. It’s too cold.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
5.Let her to go home now.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
6.Don’t forget closing the door when you leave.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
7.Let’s us go to the cinema tonight.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
8.Keep quiet, don’t you (找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
9.Let they help you with your English.(找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
10.Don’t be afraid, aren’t you (找出错误并改正)
错误: 改正:
八、祈使句专项训练答案汇总
一、单项选择
1.B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
二、句型转换
1.Don’t open
2.shall we
3.Don’t sit
4.will you
5.Don’t be
6.shall we
7.Don’t close
8.will you
9.Don’t take
10.shall we
三、汉译英
1.Don’t draw on the wall!
2.Please help me get the dictionary.
3.Let’s clean the classroom together.
4.Don’t run in the library.
5.Be quiet, please! The teacher is coming.
6.Don’t forget to water the flowers.
7.Let him finish his homework first.
8.Please close the window.
9.Don’t sleep in class.
10.Let’s go to the park to fly kites.
四、用 and 或 or 完成句子
1.and 2. or 3. and 4. or 5. and 6. or 7. and 8. and 9. and 10. or
五、改错
1.错误:to do 改正:do
2.错误:isn’t 改正:will
3.错误:to play 改正:play
4.错误:Not open 改正:Don’t open
5.错误:to go 改正:go
6.错误:closing 改正:to close
7.错误:Let’s 改正:Let
8.错误:don’t 改正:will
9.错误:they 改正:them
10.错误:aren’t 改正:will

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