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核心 词汇 1．__________ n．职业，事业 2．__________ n．公平，公正 3．__________ n．一代(人) 4．__________ n．改革；改进 5．__________ n．人类 6．__________ adj．& adv．分开；散开 7．__________ n．药物，药材；毒品 8．__________ adj．女(性)的 9．__________ n．舞台；阶段 10．__________ vt．授予；给予 11．__________ vt．获得，赢得，取得；受益n．好处；利益 12．__________ n．文献资料；著述；文学 13．__________ n．物力；资源 14．__________ n．全体职员，员工 15．__________ adv．最终；终于 16．__________ prep．尽管；虽然 17．__________ n．潜力；可能性 18．__________ n．& vi．& vt．抗议；反对 19．__________ adj．鼓舞人心的 20．__________ n．皮肤 21．__________ adj．更多的，进一步 22．__________ n．示威游行，抗议游行 23．__________ vt．认为，看作 24．__________ n．机会；时机 25．__________ n．名誉；名望 26．__________ n．组织；团体；机构 27．__________ vi．& vt．突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击 28．__________ adj．很严重的 29．__________ adj．精力充沛的，充满活力的 30．__________ n．提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 31．__________ n．看法，态度 32．__________ n．概要；摘要；总结 33．__________ adj．勇敢的 34．__________ adv．原先，最初
阅读 词汇 1．evil n．__________ adj．__________ 2．mosquito n．__________ 3．committee n．__________ 4．herb n．__________ 5．recipe n．__________ 6．fame n．__________ 7．renowned adj．__________ 8．integrate vi．& vt．__________ 9．__________ n．歧视 10．__________ n．铁栅；(门、窗等的)闩 11．__________ adj．不证自明的；显而易见的 12．__________ n．令人惊恐的事 13．__________ n．噩梦，梦魇 14．__________ adj．继续进行的，不断发展的 15．__________ vt．着手做，承担 16．__________ n．传记
拓展 词汇 1．admirable adj．令人钦佩的；极其出色的→__________ vt．钦佩；欣赏→__________ n．钦佩者，赞赏者→__________ n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 2．cure vt．治好(疾病)；治愈n．疗法→__________ adj．可治愈的 3．remarkable adj．不寻常的；显著的；非凡的→__________ adv．显著地；非凡地→__________ n．& vi．& vt．评论；谈论 4．intelligent adj．聪敏的；有智慧的→__________ n．智力；智慧 5．generous adj．无私的；慷慨的；大方的→__________ adv．慷慨地→__________ n．慷慨；大方 6．creatively adv．创造性地；有创造力地→__________ adj．有创造力的→__________ vt．创造 7．effective adj．有效的，产生预期效果的→__________ n．结果；影响 8．honour n．荣誉 vt．感到荣幸→__________ adj．感到荣幸的→__________ adj．值得钦佩的；品格高尚的 9．recognition n．表彰；赞扬→__________ vt．承认；公认 10．academy n．研究院；学会→__________ adj．学术的；学业的→__________ adv．学术上地 11．establish vt．建立，设立→__________ n．建立；确立 12．chemical n．化学品adj．化学的→__________ n．化学→__________ adv．化学上地；以化学方法→__________ n．化学家；药剂师 13．limited adj．有限的→__________ adj．限制性的→__________ vt．& n．限制→__________ n．限制；局限→__________ adj．无限制的 14．promising adj．大有希望的→__________ vi．& vt．承诺；保证 vt．预示 n．承诺；吉兆；迹象 15．wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧→__________ adj．明智的→__________ adv．明智地 16．advance n．发展；进步→__________ adj．高级的；先进的 17．independence n．独立→__________ adj．独立的，自主的→__________ adv．独立地 18．peaceful adj．和平的，没有暴力的→__________ n．和平→__________ adv．和平地；平静地 19．racial adj．种族的；人种的→__________ n．种族 20．judge vi．& vt．评价；判断→__________ n．判断力；看法；意见；评价 21．impressive adj．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的→__________ n．印象→__________ vt．给……留下深刻印象 22．respect vt．& n．尊敬；敬佩→__________ adj．值得尊敬的→__________ adj．尊敬的；表示敬意的→__________ adj．各自的；分别的 23．novelist n．小说家→__________ n．小说adj．新颖的 24．journalist n．新闻工作者→__________ n．报纸，刊物；日志 25．passion n．强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→__________ adj．热诚的；狂热的→__________ adv．狂热地 26．awareness n．认识；意识→__________ adj．意识到的；知道的→__________ adj．没意识到的 27．movement n．运动，动作，活动→__________ v．移动；使感动→__________ adj．感人的；移动的；运动的 28．depression n．忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症→__________ vt．使抑郁→__________ adj．沮丧的→__________ adj．令人沮丧的 29．commitment n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺→__________ vt．承诺；犯(罪) vi．忠于→__________ adj．尽心尽力的；坚定的 30．intense adj．强烈的，剧烈的→__________ n．强烈；紧张；强度 31．engage vi．参加，参与→__________ n．约定；订婚→__________ adj．忙于……的；已订婚的→__________ adj．迷人的 32．design vt．计划，设计→__________ n．设计师 33．disability n．伤残，残障，障碍→__________ adj．有残疾的→__________ vt．使伤残；使无效
高频 短语 1．put out fires__________ 2．fight for．．．__________ 3．have．．．in mind__________ 4．apart from．．．__________ 5．come across__________ 6．pick out__________ 7．with the help of__________ 8．__________自愿做某事 9．__________ 因为……而著名 10．__________ 在牢里 11．__________ 真遗憾！ 12．__________ 不久前某一天 13．__________ 被认为，被看作 14．__________ 由于，因为 15．__________ 尽管……(仍……)；虽然；不顾 16．__________ 导致；造成 17．__________ 以……为基础 18．__________ 支持
句型 公式 1．The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work．(动词不定式作后置定语) 这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 2．She began to talk about the life-saving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s．(which引导非限制性定语从句) 她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。 3．When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China．”(状语从句的省略) 当屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣时，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。” 4．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices．(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中她对传统医学有了深刻的了解。 5．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned．(even though引导让步状语从句) 尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一位工作成果享誉国际的科学家。 6．Thus，not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films，but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life．(not only．．．but also．．．的倒装结构) 因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。 7．It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife，parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again．(强调句型) 正是由于妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他最终找到了重新生活的意愿。
There are always admirable figures in history with a high reputation，whatever their careers are！They can be firefighters who put out fires，1．__________ (politics) leaders who fight for justice，and those who reform economic systems for the development of mankind．They are intelligent，generous and have all human beings' interest in mind．They have gained worldwide honours and recognition．Here are some 2．__________ (example)．
Tu Youyou 3．__________ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015．The female medical scientist，together with her staff，found 4．__________ effective drug to cure malaria．They had looked through numerous medical literature before they 5．__________ (eventual) came across the recipe，6．__________ held the potential to cure malaria，despite limited medical resources．
Daring and energetic Gandhi was respected because he led India to independence from the UK in a peaceful way．In spite of being behind bars，passionate Gandhi undertook 7．__________ (educate) prisoners to seize every opportunity to study．8．__________ (inspire) by him，Martin Luther King established some promising organisations and organised the peaceful protests against racial discrimination．Many people know of his impressive and inspiring speech I Have a Dream．Many other people engage in great tasks and still others advocate 9．__________ (help) people with disability．
In summary，they are regarded as heroes due to their passion or ongoing commitment 10．__________ their careers．
1．admire vt．[课本义]钦佩；欣赏　[增补义]仰慕；赞赏
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711－1799)，a great __________ (admire) of Shang Dynasty bronze．
②Doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an __________ (admire) commitment．
③Molly is admired __________ her charming personality and remarkable ability．
　读后续写之神态描写
“多么漂亮的项链啊！”女孩赞赏地看着橱窗。
“What a beautiful necklace！” The girl __________________________．
◎admire sb．for sth．因某事而赞赏/钦佩某人
◎admiration n．[U]欣赏；羡慕
◎with/in admiration赞赏地
◎have/express admiration for sb．/sth．羡慕/钦佩某人/物
◎admirable adj．令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的
◎admirer n．钦佩者；赞赏者
◎(2024·全国甲卷)This is something I admire—her ability to open her eyes underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed．
这是我所钦佩之处——她拥有在水下睁眼且仍能安然坐于海底的能力。
2．effective adj．有效的，产生预期效果的
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring __________ (effect) ways of learning
②The new law will come __________ effect next month．
③__________ effect，the state decides how many students will go to university．
　完成句子
他热情洋溢的演讲对我们学校的学生产生了很大的影响。
His passionate speech __________________________ the students in our school．
◎effect n．效应；效果；影响
◎have an effect on对……产生影响
◎come into effect开始实施；生效
◎in effect实际上；事实上
◎efficiency n．效率；功效
◎(2024·北京卷)The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as a foxy hedgehog．
度过人生最有效的方式是努力成为那种被称为 “像狐狸一样的刺猬” 的罕见混合体。
3．award [课本义]vt．授予；给予　[增补义]n．奖；奖品
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 6)It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers．Jaws was a great success，attracting huge audiences and winning many __________ (award)．
②He received an award __________ bravery from the police service．
③He awarded first prize __________ the winner．
　一句多译
当他因出色的表现获得一等奖时，他激动得流下了眼泪。
①__________________________________________ for his excellent performance，he shed tears of excitement．
②__________________________________ for his excellent performance made him shed tears of excitement．
◎award sb．for sth．因某事颁奖给某人
◎award sth．to sb．＝award sb．sth．把某物颁发给某人
◎win/receive/get an award (for．．．)(因……而)赢得/得到/获得奖项
◎To his joy，Carlos was awarded first prize in the essay competition．
使他感到高兴的是，卡洛斯被授予短文写作竞赛一等奖。
4．honour [课本义]n．荣誉 vt．感到荣幸　[增补义]n．尊敬；荣幸；头衔，荣誉称号 v．尊敬，尊重；给予表扬
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 2)Later，Winton received various __________ (honour) for his achievement，including a knighthood in 2003，and the Czech government's highest honour，the Order of the White Lion，in 2014．
②Zhang Zhongjing has been __________ (honour) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty．
③A ceremony was held by local people __________ honour of the Independence Day．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
能有机会在这里演讲，我感到非常荣幸。
①__________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here．(it作形式主语)
②__________________________________________ the opportunity to deliver a speech here．(it作形式宾语)
◎It's an honour for sb．to do sth．对某人来说很荣幸做某事
◎feel it an honour to do sth．为做某事感到荣幸
◎in honour of．．．为向……表示敬意；为纪念……
◎be/feel honoured to do sth．做某事感到荣幸
◎The Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of American Art in honour of the opening of their new show．
该基金会将在美国艺术博物馆举行宴会，庆祝新展览开幕。
5．advance [课本义]n．发展；进步　[增补义]v．前进；进步；促进
①What's more，huge advances __________ solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly，too．
②The cooks arrived __________ advance of the main party．
③__________ (advance) technology was brought into the local factory last year．
　应用文写作之环境保护
尽管人类在某些领域取得了进步，但它们总是威胁着自然资源的存在。
__________________________________，they are always threatening the existence of natural resources．
◎in advance of sth．(时间上)在……前；超前
◎make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
◎advanced adj．先进的；高级的
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks．
卡洛秋季徒步节是一个绝佳的机会，无论是初学者、有经验者还是高级徒步者，都能在卡洛的山区徒步挑战中享受乐趣，或者在其林间漫步中感受宁静。
6．inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)What makes the Irish countryside exciting and __________ (inspire)
②And they inspire the country __________ their selflessness and courage．
③His brother's example inspired him __________ (try) out for the football team．
　完成句子
①根据课文改编的那部新戏剧是神来之笔。
The new play adapted from the text is __________________________．
②她是我见过的最鼓舞人心的人之一。
She was one of __________________________ I've ever met．
◎inspire v．启发思考；鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感
◎inspire sb．with sth．以某物激励/鼓舞某人
◎inspire sb．to do sth．激励某人做某事
◎inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
◎inspired adj．能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的
◎After her trip to Venezuela，she felt inspired to learn Spanish．
委内瑞拉之行促使她下决心学习西班牙语。
7．impressive adj．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 3)__________ (impress) stuff! I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself．Is that correct
②We left the __________ (impress) on audience that we were determined to win．
③Our teacher impressed the importance of knowledge __________ us．
　句式升级
(普通表达)I was impressed with your kindness most．
①(高级表达)__________________________ was your kindness．(含有impress的主语从句)
②(高级表达)__________________________ was your kindness．(含有impressive的主语从句)
◎impress vt．给……留下深刻的好印象
◎impress sb．with sth．用某事打动某人
◎impress sth．on sb．使某人意识到某物(的重要性或严重性等)
◎impression n．印象；感想
◎leave/make a deep impression on sb．给某人留下深刻的印象
◎What in your opinion is the most impressive thing about the festival
你认为这个节日最令人印象深刻的是什么？
8．respect vt．& n．尊敬；敬佩
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect __________ those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace．
②There are many __________ (respect) people around us．They may be our teachers，parents or elders．
③Please give my __________ (respect) to the staff of the academy．
　读后续写之动作描写
我毕恭毕敬地向每一位顾客鞠躬，始终面带笑容。
____________________________，wearing a big smile all the time．
◎have/show respect for尊敬；尊重；重视
◎give/send one's respects to 代某人向……问候
◎in every respect/in all respects在各方面
◎respect sb．for sth．因某事而尊重某人
◎respectful adj．表示敬意的；尊敬的
◎respectable adj．可敬的；体面的
◎respectfully adv．恭敬地
◎I have the greatest respect for his ideas，although I don't agree with them．
我非常尊重他的想法，尽管我并不赞同这些想法。
9．awareness n．认识；意识
①(译林版必修第三册Unit 2)People in Pompeii were not aware __________ the signs before the volcano erupted，and the city was destroyed．
②As a result of this new __________ (aware)，attitudes towards health are changing．
　应用文写作之活动介绍
该活动旨在提高人们对环境保护的意识。
The campaign aims __________________________________．
◎raise one's awareness of．．．加强某人对……的意识
◎aware adj．知道的；明白的；意识到的
◎be aware of．．．察觉到……；意识到……
◎be aware that．．．意识到……
◎Advanced students need to be aware of the importance of collocation．
层次较高的学生需意识到词语搭配的重要性。
10．design [课本义]vt．计划，设计　[增补义]vt．构思；制图 n．打算；目的；意图
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule，buried 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed __________ (open) in the year 6939．
②The slope is an easy access which is specially designed __________ people with disabilities．
③Since we decide __________ design to bring children into the world，with that comes the duty to care for them．
　应用文写作之节日介绍
为了庆祝春节，人们贴上了一些特别设计的剪纸。
____________________________ are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival．
◎be designed for sth．/sb．为某事/某人而设计
◎be designed to do sth．旨在做某事
◎by design＝on purpose故意地
◎designer n．设计者
◎To appreciate the beauty of traditional craft，visitors can experience the process of embroidery，lacquer art，woodblock carving and natural dyeing in the village's design library．
为了欣赏传统工艺的美，游客可以在村里的设计图书馆体验刺绣、漆艺、木刻和天然染色的过程。
11．come across [课本义]偶然发现；偶遇　[增补义]被理解，被弄懂；给人以……印象
①I often ate out until last month，when I came __________ a cooking app．
②Can you tell me how the accident came __________
③Many people can use a computer，but when it comes to __________ (repair) it，most of them really know nothing．
　完成句子
每次我遇到难题，我都会向布莱克先生求助。
____________________________，I would turn to Mr Black for help．
◎come about发生
◎come off能被除去；从……掉下；成功
◎come over突然感到；短暂造访
◎come to达到；总共，总计
◎come along到达；出现
◎when it comes to sth．/to doing sth．当涉及某事(或做某事)时
◎A grey-haired diplomat came across an old friend．
一位白发苍苍的外交官与老友不期而遇。
12．[教材原句]When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China．”
(状语从句的省略)当屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣时，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Better still，its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while __________ (have) your meal．
②He opened his mouth as if __________ (say) something grateful．
　句式升级
(普通表达)If I am accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors．It can help them know more about Chinese culture．
(高级表达)____________________________，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，____________________________．(状语从句的省略、定语从句)
状语从句的省略有两种形式：
◎当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中谓语含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
◎当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。
◎She shared her experiences with China Daily while visiting the intangible cultural heritage exhibition hall．
她在参观非物质文化遗产展览馆时与《中国日报》分享了她的经历。
13．[教材原句]He also flew the flags of China and the United Nations，symbolising China's wish to explore and use space peacefully．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
他还悬挂了中国和联合国的国旗，象征着中国希望和平探索和利用太空。
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，__________ (offer) something for each of the senses．
②__________ (work) in the factory，I learned a lot from the workers．
③__________ (enter) the office，I picked up the telephone and called Jim．
　完成句子
她坐在窗边，一句话也不敢说。
She sat by the window，______________________________________________．
◎动词-ing形式(短语)作时间、原因、条件状语时，多位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
◎动词-ing形式作状语时，句子主语与动词-ing形式之间是主动关系；过去分词作状语时，句子主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
◎There are over 1.2 million enterprises or operators engaged in intangible cultural heritage in Shandong，providing employment opportunities for more than 4 million people．
山东有120多万从事非物质文化遗产的企业或经营者，为400多万人提供了就业机会。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I really __________ people with great ambitions．Lee is one of them．My __________ for him grows daily，so I came up with an __________ idea to follow his example．(admire)
2．When I first met him I had the __________ that he was shy，but later I was __________ with his talent．(impress)
3．__________ of environmental issues，we organized an activity last weekend with the purpose of raising people's __________ of protecting the environment．(aware)
4．The country had been fighting for its __________ for decades and finally became __________ in 1860．(independent)
5．(2023·全国乙卷)The __________ (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years．
6．(译林版必修第三册Unit 4) He was __________ (intelligence) and experienced enough to notice its potential，and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started．
7．Without your __________ (recognize) and guidance，I couldn't have written this article．Again thank you very much!
8．(译林版必修第三册Unit 4) Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the __________ (wise) of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care．
9．(人教版必修第二册 Unit 4)The __________ (peace) landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．
10．(译林版必修第二册 Unit 4)There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness，__________ (generous) and love．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．strike
A．n．罢工　B．vt．侵袭，爆发　C．vt．(钟)报时　D．vt．突然想起　E．vt．打，击　F．vt．让(某人)觉得，给……留下印象
(1)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron when it is hot．” We should review what we have learned in time． __________
(2)Shortly afterwards，a big earthquake struck the city，killing dozens of people．__________
(3)After his vivid introduction，the idea that it is definitely Yuan Longping's intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck me deeply． __________
(4)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team． __________
(5)It is by no means clear how the regulation should be changed to end the strike．
__________
(6)I was unable to wake him up when the clock struck five this morning． __________
2．engage
A．(使)参与，从事　B．雇用　C．与……建立密切关系，尽力理解
(1)The restaurant decided to engage a pop singer to attract more young customers．
__________
(2)She has the ability to engage with young minds． __________
(3)Those who engage in mental work are also workers． __________
3．(2024·北京卷)We can，instead，use this idea to advance scientific knowledge．
__________
A．发展　　 　 　B．促进，推动　　C．行进
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Wrangell-Saint Elias took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres． __________
A．优异成绩 B．尊敬 C．荣誉
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我呼吁大家有意识地努力减少使用塑料袋。我们可以一起做出改变，为子孙后代保护我们的星球。
I call on all of us to make a conscious effort to reduce our use of plastic bags．Together，we can __________________________________ and protect our planet for future generations．
2．The activity aims to let people know of the importance of protecting our environment．
→The activity aims to __________________________________________ of the importance of protecting our environment．
3．他们试图在森林里寻找丢失的包，但没有找到。
(1)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but __________________________．
(2)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but __________________________．
(3)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but __________________________．
(4)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but __________________________．
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
　写作微练
①我们周围有许多可敬的人。我很高兴有李华，一个17岁的青少年，作为我最好的朋友。他热衷于阅读、学习和帮助别人。(be crazy about)
There are many respectable people around us．I am more than delighted to have Li Hua，a 17-year-old teenager，as my best friend．He __________________________．
②我尊敬李华的原因是他的身上有很多值得学习的优点。(respect)
__________________________．He has many advantages which are worth learning．
③他不仅让我知道如何好好学习，还激励我读更多的书来开阔我的视野。
He __________________________________________ to broaden my horizons．
④正是由于他的鼓励和帮助，我才能够坚持我的抱负而不是放弃。(due)
__________________________，I can stick to my ambition rather than give up．
⑤每当我们遇到困难时，他都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我们。(come across)
__________________________________，he will come to our assistance without hesitation．
⑥这就是我最尊敬的李华。我有信心，有这样一个优秀的朋友在我身边，我会变得越来越好。
Such is Li Hua I respect most．I have the confidence that _____________________．
　句式升级
⑦用定语从句改写①中的句子
__________________________________________________________________
⑧用the reason why．．．is that．．改写②中的句子
__________________________________________________________________
⑨用倒装句改写③中的句子
__________________________________________________________________
⑩用强调句型改写④中的句子
__________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 动作描写：come across；pick out；strike；undertake；engage
人物描写：admirable；remarkable；intelligent；generous；promising；renowned；wisdom；potential；impressive；passionate；commitment；energetic；daring
美句 1．While horseback riding，he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck． 2．During this time，Reeve felt like he had lost all hope．Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him． 3．Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities，raising millions of dollars in support of medical research．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．(因惊愕)张着口的，目瞪口呆的 surprise/amaze/astonish vt．使吃惊，使惊讶→surprised/amazed/astonished adj．吃惊的，惊讶的→surprising/amazing/astonishing adj．令人吃惊的→surprise/amazement/astonishment n．吃惊，惊讶 shock vt．使震惊n．震惊→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．震惊的
语块 much to one's shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人十分震惊/吃惊/惊讶/惊奇的是；in disbelief难以置信地；come as a shock to sb．让某人震惊；a look of surprise spreads over/flashes across one's face 某人的脸上出现惊讶的表情；have a look of surprise on one's face 某人脸上的表情很惊讶；eyes widen in surprise/astonishment 惊讶地睁大眼睛；stare at sb．in wide-eyed amazement 睁大眼睛惊讶地看着某人；one's mouth drops/hangs open in surprise惊讶地张大嘴巴；gasp in astonishment 吃惊得倒吸一口气；a tone/voice of surprise/a surprised tone/voice 惊讶的语气/声音；give a cry of surprise 吃惊得叫出声来；too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话来；freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock 惊呆了；shake one's head in disbelief 难以置信地摇头；gape at 张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视；one's jaw drops/dropped 张口结舌
句型 1．It gave me a shock when I realized I had missed my train． 当我意识到我已赶不上火车时，我感到震惊。 2．He froze，his mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构) 他僵住了，张着嘴。 3．I froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground．(状语从句的省略) 我震惊得僵住了，仿佛在地上扎了根。 4．I got first prize in the writing competition，with a spark of surprise flashing across my face．(with的复合结构) 我在写作比赛中得了一等奖，脸上闪过一丝惊喜。 5．Staring at her with wide eyes，I hardly believed what she had done．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 我睁大眼睛凝视着她，简直不敢相信她所做的一切。 6．Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend． 当汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶得倒吸了一口气。
　语料运用
①聪明又精力充沛的杰里米六年级时想去自然历史博物馆进行实地考察，但不幸的是他病了，失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。(独立主格结构)
Intelligent and energetic，Jeremy desired to go on a field trip at the Museum of Natural History when he was in 6th grade，but unluckily he fell ill，__________________
_________________________________________________________________．
②他被迫吃了药，很快就睡着了。一想到要错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。(无灵主语句)
He was pressed to take medicine and fell asleep soon．__________________________．
③当他醒来时，他的父亲让他去见著名且慷慨的赫尔方教授，他愿意让他参观他的天文台。他困惑又惊讶，瞪大了眼睛望着教授。(形容词作状语)
When he awoke，his father asked him to meet renowned and generous Professor Helfand，who would allow him to visit his observatory．__________________．
④似乎过了很长一段时间后，他才从震惊中回过神来，脸上闪过一丝微笑。
__________________________________，with a smile flashing across his face．
⑤当看到许多又大又亮的星星时，他愣在那里，然后惊奇地叫了一声。
When seeing many big bright stars，he froze there，and then _____________________．
⑥当教授邀请他加入他的团队时，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来，只是难以置信地不停地点头。
When the professor invited him to join his team，he __________________________ and he just kept nodding his head in disbelief．
23/23课时数智作业(十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·河北张家口模拟)
People Who Made a Difference in Health Care
In the history of humans，there were great people who made a difference in health care．Doctors，nurses，research scientists and those who brought in new medicine and techniques helped save millions of lives．
Hippocrates (460－370 BC)
Hippocrates was a great doctor of ancient Greece．Through his careful examination of patients，treatments and success rates，he was able to vastly improve his medical treatment．Hippocrates built up one of the great libraries of medical science in Kos．He is also credited with the Hippocratic oath (誓言) which is still sworn (宣誓) today by medical practitioners．
Florence Nightingale (1820－1910)
British nurse．By serving in the Crimean war，Florence Nightingale was instrumental in changing the role of the nursing profession．Her dedicated service won widespread admiration and led to a significant improvement in the treatment of wounded soldiers．
Dr．Henry Heimlich (1920－2016)
Heimlich was an American surgeon and medical researcher．He came up with a creative and simple procedure to help choking victims．It involves a technique of abdominal thrusts where a person stands behind and applies pressure on the diaphragm to increasingly apply pressure．It is claimed that this has saved the lives of up to 50，000 people．Heimlich himself used it on two people，including an old lady in his nursing home．It is included in guidelines for dealing with choking victims．
Alexander Fleming (1881－1955)
Scottish Biologist，pharmacologist and botanist who discovered penicillin．He discovered penicillin by accident but recognized its antibacterial (抗菌的) properties．Fleming later shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine (1945) with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain who succeeded in making it commercially available．
1．What was Florence Nightingale's contribution？(　　)
A．Making penicillin commercially available．
B．Building a great library of medical science．
C．Changing the role of the nursing profession．
D．Inventing a creative and simple way to help choking victims．
2．Who is a Nobel Prize winner？(　　)
A．Hippocrates．
B．Florence Nightingale．
C．Dr．Henry Heimlich．
D．Alexander Fleming．
3．What is the purpose of the text？(　　)
A．To educate．　　　　 B．To introduce．
C．To advertise． D．To advise．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山西太原模拟)
Miss England，Jessica Gagen，is not the ordinary beauty pageant (选美比赛) winner．She just earned an impressive title，rocket scientist．
The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut．But winning her title just a few months before completing her degree was no easy task．She is the first rocket scientist to be crowned Miss England．
Gagen was able to balance between her competition and her schoolwork，but the stress of doing both left her with chest pains and insomnia (失眠)．However，she didn't give up．
“The way to get to this point was a rocky five years in the making，and I faced challenges before I'd even begun，” Gagen told The Daily Mail．“I think it's important that today's youth know that sometimes things don't go entirely as planned，and that's perfectly OK．”
Before starting at the university，Gagen studied a year in physics while working at weekends because she didn't have all the courses she needed for the program．She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic hit，all the coursework went online．She did this while working full time at night．
“I'd return home to do that day's online lectures and homework and then stop at 8：00 pm to get ready for bed，before the cycle would repeat．I was constantly knackered，but I was a mature student and had bills to pay．”
During the course of her studies，Gagen saw that there were very few females in engineering and decided to make it her duty to promote careers in science for women and girls on her social media．This idea led to her being scouted (物色) for the Miss England contest．In 2022 Gagen was accepted into a Master's program and she entered the Miss England pageant and won．
4．What did Gagen desire to do upon graduation？(　　)
A．Work as an engineer．
B．Win a beauty contest．
C．Continue rocket research．
D．Become a spacewoman．
5．What does Gagen want to convey in paragraph 4？(　　)
A．The youth should face the challenges bravely．
B．Plans do not change based on human will．
C．Feeling a bit uncomfortable seems normal．
D．Today's youth should perform perfectly．
6．Why did Gagen work at night？(　　)
A．To support females．
B．To earn a living．
C．To enter the contest．
D．To promote free careers．
7．What does the underlined word “knackered” in paragraph 6 probably mean？(　　)
A．Simple-minded． B．Confused．
C．Worn out． D．Embarrassed．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·辽宁名校联考)
Middle school．For teens and their parents，the two words can arouse anxiety，fear and even horror．Kids are，all of a sudden，really growing up．Their bodies are changing; they're dropping some of their childhood interests and trying on new ones．Friendships form and are torn apart．Academic expectations grow bigger．
But some books—like the novel Curlfriends: New in Town，written and drawn by Sharee Miller—remind us of the many possibilities and excitements that present themselves within those challenging years．
The book follows 12-year-old Charlie Harper，beginning her first day of middle school．This is no small change，and in order to cope，Charlie promises to “completely reinvent” herself．She is tired of letting other people label her and is ready to take control of her own story．What follows is a series of meetings，first with Nola．She introduces Charlie to her lunchtime crew．The girls come together around shared particulars of their lives—homework，girlhood and fashion—even if their differences in tastes and personalities create cracks of uncertainty from time to time．
Curlfriends：New in Town is a delightful book packed with sunny illustrations．It also cuts into the heart of the challenging tensions that are part of this intermediate stage of life．Young teens want to be known and seen by others，but they are also coming to terms with who they are．It can be tricky，for example，to distinguish between the passions and pastimes that your parents picked for you and those you actively care to pursue．It can be difficult to figure out what you like and what you are like．
Curlfriends：New in Town is also a book about finding one's passions，responsibilities and independence despite changing situations．It is as much about expressions of self-respect as it is about showing care for others．The one constant in Charlie's life is her love of drawing，and it's through art that she figures out how to mark her place in middle school．It's not all under her control，but，as with good art，sometimes mistakes along the way end up making for the most amazing details．
8．What is the central theme explored in Curlfriends: New in Town？(　　)
A．The challenges of studies during the teenage years．
B．The difficulty of making new friends in middle school．
C．The transformations and opportunities in growing up．
D．The impact of parental expectations on teenagers．
9．What does Charlie plan to do in middle school？(　　)
A．Listen to others more carefully．
B．Follow her heart and passions．
C．Live up to her parents' expectations．
D．Be more confident and outgoing．
10．What is the tone of the book Curlfriends: New in Town？(　　)
A．Serious and formal．
B．Light-hearted and inspiring．
C．Humorous and carefree．
D．Cold and indifferent．
11．What can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Finding Her Place
B．Maintaining Friendships
C．Changing with Times
D．Seeking the Passions
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·山西太原模拟)
April Florie，a 57-year-old mother of two，became the first female football coach in the history of New Jersey's 42-team Shore Conference．This 1 story of determination unfolded in Toms River，where Florie entered the world of coaching—she considered 2 the coaching staff of the Toms River East football team．
She shared，“I 3 thought everyone would say no．Who knew the first person I asked would say yes？” The person who said yes was none other than head coach，Kyle Sandberg，known for his 4 attitude to the game．Sandberg had previously welcomed two female players onto the team．
Florie's journey to football wasn't a calculated career move but was born out of a desire to 5 her community and school on a deeper level．She 6 to be part of the town and the school where her children attended classes and played sports．She realized football could help her reach that 7 ．
Florie described her first 8 in August as “frightening”．She had to ask a thousand questions and felt like she was in another world with coaches speaking a 9 language．The sensory overload was real，but her 10 to personal growth was evident to her players and colleagues．The football players and coaching staff 11 her presence and recognized her wisdom and motivation．
Florie sees her journey as an inspiration for other women who may want to step into the male-dominated world of football．She says，“I hope a nice young lady，who's more knowledgeable in football than I am，takes a 12 ．I hope my own children 13 that．I hope they will be fearless and try things that they're 14 with．If you fail，you fail．But 15 you tried．”
(　　)1．A．extraordinary B．imaginary
C．conventional D．serious
(　　)2．A．joining B．following
C．supporting D．admiring
(　　)3．A．occasionally B．particularly
C．literally D．finally
(　　)4．A．strong-willed B．open-minded
C．science-based D．life-focused
(　　)5．A．deal with B．agree with
C．meet with D．connect with
(　　)6．A．managed B．struggled
C．afforded D．intended
(　　)7．A．conclusion B．height
C．goal D．position
(　　)8．A．trip B．lecture
C．dream D．practice
(　　)9．A．body B．different
C．bad D．standard
(　　)10．A．approach B．right
C．commitment D．exposure
(　　)11．A．ignored B．accepted
C．predicted D．assessed
(　　)12．A．chance B．look
C．measure D．jump
(　　)13．A．sense B．use
C．see D．trust
(　　)14．A．unsatisfied B．uncomfortable
C．familiar D．careful
(　　)15．A．in fact B．at last
C．in turn D．at least
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·江苏镇江模拟)
假如你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“The person whose lifelong passion impresses me most”的英语作文大赛，请写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介及其成就；
2．对你的影响。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5/7课时数智作业(十二)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东曲阜模拟)
On Dec．4，2022，Chinese astronauts Chen Dong，Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region，according to the China Manned Space Agency．
The astronauts were in orbit for 183 days，during which they oversaw the completion of China's Tiangong space station and several life sciences experiments．They returned with the world's first rice seeds produced in orbit，a feat that allows scientists to examine the effects of microgravity on rice growth so as to find a sustainable food source for long-term space exploration．
One such experiment involved reproducing the entire life cycle of rice for the first time in space．It began with selecting rice seeds carefully，which were then nurtured and monitored as they hatched into seedlings．The astronauts diligently tended to these delicate young plants，which grew into mature plants producing new seeds．It began on July 29，and after 120 days in orbit they successfully produced new space grains．
The new seeds，along with other bio-samples，have been delivered to the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing．They will also be transferred to labs in Shanghai for further research．The institute said researchers would conduct microbiology and cellular analysis to better understand how microgravity affects these plants on a molecular (分子的) level．This would provide key insights on creating new crops that are more adaptive to the space environment．
Zheng Huiqiong，a researcher at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，said seeds are crucial for growing new crops and supporting humanity's long-term survival in space．
While more research is in the pipeline，Zheng said scientists have already noticed several interesting differences between rice grown on Earth and that grown in space．For instance，the flowering period for the space rice begins slightly earlier than rice planted on Earth．Flowering is a crucial stage for plant reproductive development．“The stems for the space rice are also looser，with the dwarf rice variety becoming shorter while the tall shoot rice variety experiencing no change in height，” she added．
1．Why were the rice experiments conducted in space？(　　)
A．To gain a thorough insight into the space environment．
B．To find long-lasting food supply for space exploration．
C．To collect diverse space rice seeds for space research．
D．To explore the impact of microgravity on plants in space．
2．What is mainly discussed in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．The experiment process．
B．The research procedures．
C．The current new findings．
D．The exploration duration．
3．How did the researchers handle the newly acquired seeds？(　　)
A．By preserving them in a secure facility．
B．By shipping them to labs for further analysis．
C．By studying their adaptability to microgravity．
D．By assessing their growth under controlled conditions．
4．What conclusion can be drawn from Zheng's words？(　　)
A．More advanced research methods are in great demand．
B．Potential application of the research results is promising．
C．Space rice varieties commonly suffer decreases in height．
D．Distinctions between Earth rice and space rice are evident．
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2024·江西南昌模拟)
For decades，I was a hard drinker who could drink anyone under the table．This lasted from the age of 27 until after 50，a golden time during which I felt very sorry for non-drinkers and people who couldn't or wouldn't drink．How did they make it through social situations，especially parties What did they do at the end of a workday to celebrate and relax 1
When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s，I wasn't sure at first how it would work for me．But I did it anyway． 2 I was getting older．I had to concede that I wasn't as tough as I used to be．Nights of drinking too much showed in my face，and I could feel it in my bones．I wanted to take care of myself．So for the next few years，I bounced between not drinking at all for months at a time，then slowly starting again until I had to quit again．
During these years，I didn't love not drinking．But I had to admit that when I was off booze，I looked and felt better physically: I slept more deeply，had more energy，and exercised more．My mind was clearer．My moods were brighter．Parties were hard，and so was cooking at the end of a day of writing without a glass of wine at my elbow． 3
I finally quit drinking for real almost four years ago，on 12 July，2019，when a writer friend stayed with my husband and me after his wife kicked him out．After my husband had gone upstairs to bed，my friend sat on our sofa drinking an entire bottle of gin，complaining about his fate，until he passed out next to our dog，whose bed that sofa was． 4 I didn't have a drink the next night，or ever again since．
I'm not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride． 5 Having to feel my damn feelings without filters compels me to face and change the things in my life that keep me stuck．Hard work all around，but as my reward，I connect more deeply with the people I care about．I think of not drinking as a kindness I've given myself．And to my surprise，it's rewarded me with true，hard-won happiness．
A．It was a wake-up call．
B．My body demanded it．
C．How did they quit drinking
D．How did they get through life
E．My health started improving rapidly．
F．It's more like a hike in the mountains．
G．But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2025·重庆三校联考)
Science fiction，or sci-fi，has 1． __________ (explosive) grown in popularity since the 21st century．Its impact on media，art，pop culture，film and technology has consolidated sci-fi as 2． unique storytelling genre．
Before the 2000s，Chinese science fiction was a lesser-known and community-oriented genre．Few works were translated，and the western world took no interest 3． __________ it．But the once subgenre has become internationally recognized，mainly because of Ken Liu，a writer，4． __________ (translate) and computer scientist．Liu has done more work than anyone else to translate Chinese sci-fi．After he translated The Three-Body Problem，it became the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel in English．5． __________ (publish) in 2014，it proved to be a raging success．
Writing in Chinese is，of course，different from writing in English．The meanings and references used in Chinese sci-fi are unique to the genre．In the works Liu translated，multiple footnotes are used 6． __________ (describe) the complexity western readers can't understand，and they explain why a word or sentence 7． __________ (write) in a certain way．The cultures and languages within China each have their own subtle differences，giving translated works a foreign and distinct feel 8． __________ no western novel can match．
The use of traditional and cultural objects，words and places in Chinese science fiction makes the genre a cultural and 9． __________ (history) analysis of China．After reading The Three-Body Problem，for example，western readers discover some differences and 10． __________ (similarity) between western and Asian cultures．
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·湖南长沙模拟)
Many years ago I stepped into a bookstore in Cincinnati in search of some books that I wanted．While I was there，a poor little boy，about twelve，came in to ask whether they had a world atlas (地图册) for sell．
“Yes．It costs one dollar，” replied the salesman．“I have only sixty-two cents，” the boy said．
“Would you let me have it and wait a little while for the rest of the money？” His request being refused，the boy left．I followed him．“And what now？” I asked．
“I shall try another place，sir．”
“Do you mind if I go too and see how you succeed？”
“If you like，” he said in surprise．
Four times I saw the look on the boy's face turn to disappointment．But he continued．When we entered the fifth store，he told the bookseller what had happened．When asked why he wanted the atlas so much，the boy said，“My father was a sailor，but he is dead．I want to know about the places he used to go to and I'm going to be a sailor，too．”
Deeply touched，the bookseller sold the boy an atlas and presented him with a new pencil for his perseverance (毅力)．I also gave him two dollars for other books he wanted．Tears in his eyes，he told us his name is William Hartley．He hoped to repay us some day．
Many years later，I left for Liverpool by water．At the end of the journey，there came a terrible storm and the ship was in trouble．A great leak was filling the ship with water．The crew was made up of strong and able men．But after fighting for one whole night with the water still flowing in，the sailors gave up desperately．
But the captain didn't give up．He ordered every man to his position and went below to look for the leak．As he passed me，I asked whether there was any hope of saving the ship．He looked at me，firmly saying “Yes，sir．As long as one inch of this ship remains above water，there is hope．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Three times during that day we encountered rather dangerous situations．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Before I expressed my thanks to him，the captain said first，“Sir，do you not recognize me？”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6/6核心 词汇 1．career n．职业，事业 2．justice n．公平，公正 3．generation n．一代(人) 4．reform n．改革；改进 5．mankind n．人类 6．apart adj．& adv．分开；散开 7．drug n．药物，药材；毒品 8．female adj．女(性)的 9．stage n．舞台；阶段 10．award vt．授予；给予 11．gain vt．获得，赢得，取得；受益n．好处；利益 12．literature n．文献资料；著述；文学 13．resource n．物力；资源 14．staff n．全体职员，员工 15．eventually adv．最终；终于 16．despite prep．尽管；虽然 17．potential n．潜力；可能性 18．protest n．& vi．& vt．抗议；反对 19．inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的 20．skin n．皮肤 21．further adj．更多的，进一步 22．march n．示威游行，抗议游行 23．regard vt．认为，看作 24．opportunity n．机会；时机 25．reputation n．名誉；名望 26．organisation n．组织；团体；机构 27．strike vi．& vt．突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击 28．severe adj．很严重的 29．energetic adj．精力充沛的，充满活力的 30．advocate n．提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 31．attitude n．看法，态度 32．summary n．概要；摘要；总结 33．daring adj．勇敢的 34．originally adv．原先，最初
阅读 词汇 1．evil n．邪恶之事；祸害 adj．邪恶的 2．mosquito n．蚊子 3．committee n．委员会 4．herb n．药草 5．recipe n．处方；秘诀 6．fame n．名声，名誉 7．renowned adj．著名的，有名望的 8．integrate vi．& vt．(使)结合；(使)成为一体 9．discrimination n．歧视 10．bar n．铁栅；(门、窗等的)闩 11．self-evident adj．不证自明的；显而易见的 12．horror n．令人惊恐的事 13．nightmare n．噩梦，梦魇 14．ongoing adj．继续进行的，不断发展的 15．undertake vt．着手做，承担 16．biography n．传记
拓展 词汇 1．admirable adj．令人钦佩的；极其出色的→admire vt．钦佩；欣赏→admirer n．钦佩者，赞赏者→admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕 2．cure vt．治好(疾病)；治愈n．疗法→curable adj．可治愈的 3．remarkable adj．不寻常的；显著的；非凡的→remarkably adv．显著地；非凡地→remark n．& vi．& vt．评论；谈论 4．intelligent adj．聪敏的；有智慧的→intelligence n．智力；智慧 5．generous adj．无私的；慷慨的；大方的→generously adv．慷慨地→generosity n．慷慨；大方 6．creatively adv．创造性地；有创造力地→creative adj．有创造力的→create vt．创造 7．effective adj．有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．结果；影响 8．honour n．荣誉 vt．感到荣幸→honoured adj．感到荣幸的→honourable adj．值得钦佩的；品格高尚的 9．recognition n．表彰；赞扬→recognize vt．承认；公认 10．academy n．研究院；学会→academic adj．学术的；学业的→academically adv．学术上地 11．establish vt．建立，设立→establishment n．建立；确立 12．chemical n．化学品adj．化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv．化学上地；以化学方法→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 13．limited adj．有限的→limiting adj．限制性的→limit vt．& n．限制→limitation n．限制；局限→limitless adj．无限制的 14．promising adj．大有希望的→promise vi．& vt．承诺；保证 vt．预示 n．承诺；吉兆；迹象 15．wisdom n．知识，学问；智慧→wise adj．明智的→wisely adv．明智地 16．advance n．发展；进步→advanced adj．高级的；先进的 17．independence n．独立→independent adj．独立的，自主的→independently adv．独立地 18．peaceful adj．和平的，没有暴力的→peace n．和平→peacefully adv．和平地；平静地 19．racial adj．种族的；人种的→race n．种族 20．judge vi．& vt．评价；判断→judg(e)ment n．判断力；看法；意见；评价 21．impressive adj．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的→impression n．印象→impress vt．给……留下深刻印象 22．respect vt．& n．尊敬；敬佩→respectable adj．值得尊敬的→respectful adj．尊敬的；表示敬意的→respective adj．各自的；分别的 23．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说adj．新颖的 24．journalist n．新闻工作者→journal n．报纸，刊物；日志 25．passion n．强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→passionate adj．热诚的；狂热的→passionately adv．狂热地 26．awareness n．认识；意识→aware adj．意识到的；知道的→unaware adj．没意识到的 27．movement n．运动，动作，活动→move v．移动；使感动→moving adj．感人的；移动的；运动的 28．depression n．忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症→depress vt．使抑郁→depressed adj．沮丧的→depressing adj．令人沮丧的 29．commitment n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺→commit vt．承诺；犯(罪) vi．忠于→committed adj．尽心尽力的；坚定的 30．intense adj．强烈的，剧烈的→intensity n．强烈；紧张；强度 31．engage vi．参加，参与→engagement n．约定；订婚→engaged adj．忙于……的；已订婚的→engaging adj．迷人的 32．design vt．计划，设计→designer n．设计师 33．disability n．伤残，残障，障碍→disabled adj．有残疾的→disable vt．使伤残；使无效
高频 短语 1．put out fires灭火 2．fight for．．．努力争取，为……斗争 3．have．．．in mind心里已有…… 4．apart from．．．除……之外 5．come across偶然发现；偶遇 6．pick out挑选 7．with the help of在……的帮助下 8．volunteer to do sth．自愿做某事 9．be noted for 因为……而著名 10．behind bars 在牢里 11．What a shame! 真遗憾！ 12．the other day 不久前某一天 13．be regarded as 被认为，被看作 14．due to 由于，因为 15．in spite of 尽管……(仍……)；虽然；不顾 16．lead to 导致；造成 17．be based on 以……为基础 18．in support of 支持
句型 公式 1．The woman was Tu Youyou，the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work．(动词不定式作后置定语) 这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 2．She began to talk about the life-saving drug，artemisinin，which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s．(which引导非限制性定语从句) 她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。 3．When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China．”(状语从句的省略) 当屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣时，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。” 4．Later，she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices．(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医学，从中她对传统医学有了深刻的了解。 5．Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame，she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned．(even though引导让步状语从句) 尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一位工作成果享誉国际的科学家。 6．Thus，not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films，but he is also regarded as a superhero to many in real life．(not only．．．but also．．．的倒装结构) 因此，他不仅是《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。 7．It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife，parents and friends that he eventually found the will to live again．(强调句型) 正是由于妻子、父母和朋友的不断支持，他最终找到了重新生活的意愿。
There are always admirable figures in history with a high reputation，whatever their careers are！They can be firefighters who put out fires，1．political (politics) leaders who fight for justice，and those who reform economic systems for the development of mankind．They are intelligent，generous and have all human beings' interest in mind．They have gained worldwide honours and recognition．Here are some 2．examples (example)．
Tu Youyou 3．was awarded (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2015．The female medical scientist，together with her staff，found 4．an effective drug to cure malaria．They had looked through numerous medical literature before they 5．eventually (eventual) came across the recipe，6．which held the potential to cure malaria，despite limited medical resources．
Daring and energetic Gandhi was respected because he led India to independence from the UK in a peaceful way．In spite of being behind bars，passionate Gandhi undertook 7．to educate (educate) prisoners to seize every opportunity to study．8．Inspired (inspire) by him，Martin Luther King established some promising organisations and organised the peaceful protests against racial discrimination．Many people know of his impressive and inspiring speech I Have a Dream．Many other people engage in great tasks and still others advocate 9．helping (help) people with disability．
In summary，they are regarded as heroes due to their passion or ongoing commitment 10．to their careers．
1．admire vt．[课本义]钦佩；欣赏　[增补义]仰慕；赞赏
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711－1799)，a great admirer (admire) of Shang Dynasty bronze．
②Doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable (admire) commitment．
③Molly is admired for her charming personality and remarkable ability．
　读后续写之神态描写
“多么漂亮的项链啊！”女孩赞赏地看着橱窗。
“What a beautiful necklace！” The girl looked into the shop window with/in admiration．
◎admire sb．for sth．因某事而赞赏/钦佩某人
◎admiration n．[U]欣赏；羡慕
◎with/in admiration赞赏地
◎have/express admiration for sb．/sth．羡慕/钦佩某人/物
◎admirable adj．令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的
◎admirer n．钦佩者；赞赏者
◎(2024·全国甲卷)This is something I admire—her ability to open her eyes underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed．
这是我所钦佩之处——她拥有在水下睁眼且仍能安然坐于海底的能力。
2．effective adj．有效的，产生预期效果的
①(外研版选择性必修第三册Unit 2)What improvement have you made in using learning strategies and exploring effective (effect) ways of learning
②The new law will come into effect next month．
③In effect，the state decides how many students will go to university．
　完成句子
他热情洋溢的演讲对我们学校的学生产生了很大的影响。
His passionate speech had a great effect on the students in our school．
◎effect n．效应；效果；影响
◎have an effect on对……产生影响
◎come into effect开始实施；生效
◎in effect实际上；事实上
◎efficiency n．效率；功效
◎(2024·北京卷)The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as a foxy hedgehog．
度过人生最有效的方式是努力成为那种被称为 “像狐狸一样的刺猬” 的罕见混合体。
3．award [课本义]vt．授予；给予　[增补义]n．奖；奖品
①(外研版必修第二册Unit 6)It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers．Jaws was a great success，attracting huge audiences and winning many awards (award)．
②He received an award for bravery from the police service．
③He awarded first prize to the winner．
　一句多译
当他因出色的表现获得一等奖时，他激动得流下了眼泪。
①When awarded first prize for his excellent performance，he shed tears of excitement．
②Being awarded first prize for his excellent performance made him shed tears of excitement．
◎award sb．for sth．因某事颁奖给某人
◎award sth．to sb．＝award sb．sth．把某物颁发给某人
◎win/receive/get an award (for．．．)(因……而)赢得/得到/获得奖项
◎To his joy，Carlos was awarded first prize in the essay competition．
使他感到高兴的是，卡洛斯被授予短文写作竞赛一等奖。
4．honour [课本义]n．荣誉 vt．感到荣幸　[增补义]n．尊敬；荣幸；头衔，荣誉称号 v．尊敬，尊重；给予表扬
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 2)Later，Winton received various honours (honour) for his achievement，including a knighthood in 2003，and the Czech government's highest honour，the Order of the White Lion，in 2014．
②Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured (honour) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty．
③A ceremony was held by local people in honour of the Independence Day．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
能有机会在这里演讲，我感到非常荣幸。
①It is a great honour for me to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here．(it作形式主语)
②I feel it a great honour to have the opportunity to deliver a speech here．(it作形式宾语)
◎It's an honour for sb．to do sth．对某人来说很荣幸做某事
◎feel it an honour to do sth．为做某事感到荣幸
◎in honour of．．．为向……表示敬意；为纪念……
◎be/feel honoured to do sth．做某事感到荣幸
◎The Foundation is holding a dinner at the Museum of American Art in honour of the opening of their new show．
该基金会将在美国艺术博物馆举行宴会，庆祝新展览开幕。
5．advance [课本义]n．发展；进步　[增补义]v．前进；进步；促进
①What's more，huge advances in solar technology mean it can be eco-friendly，too．
②The cooks arrived in advance of the main party．
③Advanced (advance) technology was brought into the local factory last year．
　应用文写作之环境保护
尽管人类在某些领域取得了进步，但它们总是威胁着自然资源的存在。
While/Though humans make advances in some areas，they are always threatening the existence of natural resources．
◎in advance of sth．(时间上)在……前；超前
◎make an advance/advances in在……方面取得进步
◎advanced adj．先进的；高级的
◎(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner，experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks．
卡洛秋季徒步节是一个绝佳的机会，无论是初学者、有经验者还是高级徒步者，都能在卡洛的山区徒步挑战中享受乐趣，或者在其林间漫步中感受宁静。
6．inspiring adj．鼓舞人心的
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring (inspire)
②And they inspire the country with their selflessness and courage．
③His brother's example inspired him to try (try) out for the football team．
　完成句子
①根据课文改编的那部新戏剧是神来之笔。
The new play adapted from the text is an inspired passage．
②她是我见过的最鼓舞人心的人之一。
She was one of the most inspiring people I've ever met．
◎inspire v．启发思考；鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感
◎inspire sb．with sth．以某物激励/鼓舞某人
◎inspire sb．to do sth．激励某人做某事
◎inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
◎inspired adj．能力卓越的；借助于灵感创作的
◎After her trip to Venezuela，she felt inspired to learn Spanish．
委内瑞拉之行促使她下决心学习西班牙语。
7．impressive adj．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 3)Impressive (impress) stuff! I've also been told that you're an inventor yourself．Is that correct
②We left the impression (impress) on audience that we were determined to win．
③Our teacher impressed the importance of knowledge on us．
　句式升级
(普通表达)I was impressed with your kindness most．
①(高级表达)What impressed me most was your kindness．(含有impress的主语从句)
②(高级表达)What's the most impressive for me was your kindness．(含有impressive的主语从句)
◎impress vt．给……留下深刻的好印象
◎impress sb．with sth．用某事打动某人
◎impress sth．on sb．使某人意识到某物(的重要性或严重性等)
◎impression n．印象；感想
◎leave/make a deep impression on sb．给某人留下深刻的印象
◎What in your opinion is the most impressive thing about the festival
你认为这个节日最令人印象深刻的是什么？
8．respect vt．& n．尊敬；敬佩
①(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 3)They come to see the shadow of the ship at the bottom of Pearl Harbor，to learn about the attack，to show respect for those who had lost their lives in the attack and to pray for world peace．
②There are many respectable (respect) people around us．They may be our teachers，parents or elders．
③Please give my respects (respect) to the staff of the academy．
　读后续写之动作描写
我毕恭毕敬地向每一位顾客鞠躬，始终面带笑容。
I bowed respectfully to every customer，wearing a big smile all the time．
◎have/show respect for尊敬；尊重；重视
◎give/send one's respects to 代某人向……问候
◎in every respect/in all respects在各方面
◎respect sb．for sth．因某事而尊重某人
◎respectful adj．表示敬意的；尊敬的
◎respectable adj．可敬的；体面的
◎respectfully adv．恭敬地
◎I have the greatest respect for his ideas，although I don't agree with them．
我非常尊重他的想法，尽管我并不赞同这些想法。
9．awareness n．认识；意识
①(译林版必修第三册Unit 2)People in Pompeii were not aware of the signs before the volcano erupted，and the city was destroyed．
②As a result of this new awareness (aware)，attitudes towards health are changing．
　应用文写作之活动介绍
该活动旨在提高人们对环境保护的意识。
The campaign aims to raise people's awareness of environmental protection．
◎raise one's awareness of．．．加强某人对……的意识
◎aware adj．知道的；明白的；意识到的
◎be aware of．．．察觉到……；意识到……
◎be aware that．．．意识到……
◎Advanced students need to be aware of the importance of collocation．
层次较高的学生需意识到词语搭配的重要性。
10．design [课本义]vt．计划，设计　[增补义]vt．构思；制图 n．打算；目的；意图
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 4)The time capsule，buried 50 feet below the ground in a park，was designed to be opened (open) in the year 6939．
②The slope is an easy access which is specially designed for people with disabilities．
③Since we decide by design to bring children into the world，with that comes the duty to care for them．
　应用文写作之节日介绍
为了庆祝春节，人们贴上了一些特别设计的剪纸。
Paper cuttings of special designs are put up to celebrate the Spring Festival．
◎be designed for sth．/sb．为某事/某人而设计
◎be designed to do sth．旨在做某事
◎by design＝on purpose故意地
◎designer n．设计者
◎To appreciate the beauty of traditional craft，visitors can experience the process of embroidery，lacquer art，woodblock carving and natural dyeing in the village's design library．
为了欣赏传统工艺的美，游客可以在村里的设计图书馆体验刺绣、漆艺、木刻和天然染色的过程。
11．come across [课本义]偶然发现；偶遇　[增补义]被理解，被弄懂；给人以……印象
①I often ate out until last month，when I came across a cooking app．
②Can you tell me how the accident came about
③Many people can use a computer，but when it comes to repairing (repair) it，most of them really know nothing．
　完成句子
每次我遇到难题，我都会向布莱克先生求助。
Every time I came across difficult problems，I would turn to Mr Black for help．
◎come about发生
◎come off能被除去；从……掉下；成功
◎come over突然感到；短暂造访
◎come to达到；总共，总计
◎come along到达；出现
◎when it comes to sth．/to doing sth．当涉及某事(或做某事)时
◎A grey-haired diplomat came across an old friend．
一位白发苍苍的外交官与老友不期而遇。
12．[教材原句]When thanking the Committee for the honour，Tu Youyou said，“This is not only an honour for myself，but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China．”
(状语从句的省略)当屠呦呦感谢(诺贝尔)委员会授予她如此殊荣时，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)Better still，its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having (have) your meal．
②He opened his mouth as if to say (say) something grateful．
　句式升级
(普通表达)If I am accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors．It can help them know more about Chinese culture．
(高级表达)If accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which can help them know more about Chinese culture．(状语从句的省略、定语从句)
状语从句的省略有两种形式：
◎当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中谓语含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
◎当从句中含有“it＋be动词”时，可将it和be动词省略。
◎She shared her experiences with China Daily while visiting the intangible cultural heritage exhibition hall．
她在参观非物质文化遗产展览馆时与《中国日报》分享了她的经历。
13．[教材原句]He also flew the flags of China and the United Nations，symbolising China's wish to explore and use space peacefully．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
他还悬挂了中国和联合国的国旗，象征着中国希望和平探索和利用太空。
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all，offering (offer) something for each of the senses．
②Working (work) in the factory，I learned a lot from the workers．
③Entering (enter) the office，I picked up the telephone and called Jim．
　完成句子
她坐在窗边，一句话也不敢说。
She sat by the window，not daring to say a word．
◎动词-ing形式(短语)作时间、原因、条件状语时，多位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。
◎动词-ing形式作状语时，句子主语与动词-ing形式之间是主动关系；过去分词作状语时，句子主语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
◎There are over 1.2 million enterprises or operators engaged in intangible cultural heritage in Shandong，providing employment opportunities for more than 4 million people．
山东有120多万从事非物质文化遗产的企业或经营者，为400多万人提供了就业机会。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I really admire people with great ambitions．Lee is one of them．My admiration for him grows daily，so I came up with an admirable idea to follow his example．(admire)
2．When I first met him I had the impression that he was shy，but later I was impressed with his talent．(impress)
3．Aware of environmental issues，we organized an activity last weekend with the purpose of raising people's awareness of protecting the environment．(aware)
4．The country had been fighting for its independence for decades and finally became independent in 1860．(independent)
5．(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years．
6．(译林版必修第三册Unit 4) He was intelligent (intelligence) and experienced enough to notice its potential，and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started．
7．Without your recognition (recognize) and guidance，I couldn't have written this article．Again thank you very much!
8．(译林版必修第三册Unit 4) Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom (wise) of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care．
9．(人教版必修第二册 Unit 4)The peaceful (peace) landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle．
10．(译林版必修第二册 Unit 4)There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness，generosity (generous) and love．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．strike
A．n．罢工　B．vt．侵袭，爆发　C．vt．(钟)报时　D．vt．突然想起　E．vt．打，击　F．vt．让(某人)觉得，给……留下印象
(1)As an old saying goes，“Strike the iron when it is hot．” We should review what we have learned in time． E
(2)Shortly afterwards，a big earthquake struck the city，killing dozens of people．B
(3)After his vivid introduction，the idea that it is definitely Yuan Longping's intense efforts that feed so many people on Earth struck me deeply． F
(4)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team． D
(5)It is by no means clear how the regulation should be changed to end the strike．A
(6)I was unable to wake him up when the clock struck five this morning． C
2．engage
A．(使)参与，从事　B．雇用　C．与……建立密切关系，尽力理解
(1)The restaurant decided to engage a pop singer to attract more young customers．B
(2)She has the ability to engage with young minds． C
(3)Those who engage in mental work are also workers． A
3．(2024·北京卷)We can，instead，use this idea to advance scientific knowledge．B
A．发展　　 　 　B．促进，推动　　C．行进
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Wrangell-Saint Elias took the honours as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres． A
A．优异成绩 B．尊敬 C．荣誉
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．我呼吁大家有意识地努力减少使用塑料袋。我们可以一起做出改变，为子孙后代保护我们的星球。
I call on all of us to make a conscious effort to reduce our use of plastic bags．Together，we can make a difference and protect our planet for future generations．
2．The activity aims to let people know of the importance of protecting our environment．
→The activity aims to raise people's awareness of the importance of protecting our environment．
3．他们试图在森林里寻找丢失的包，但没有找到。
(1)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but with no success．
(2)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but in vain．
(3)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but without any luck．
(4)They tried to find the missing bag in the forest，but fruitlessly．
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。
　写作微练
①我们周围有许多可敬的人。我很高兴有李华，一个17岁的青少年，作为我最好的朋友。他热衷于阅读、学习和帮助别人。(be crazy about)
There are many respectable people around us．I am more than delighted to have Li Hua，a 17-year-old teenager，as my best friend．He is crazy about reading，learning and helping other people．
②我尊敬李华的原因是他的身上有很多值得学习的优点。(respect)
I have respect for/respect Li Hua．He has many advantages which are worth learning．
③他不仅让我知道如何好好学习，还激励我读更多的书来开阔我的视野。
He not only makes me know how to study well but he also motivates me to read more books to broaden my horizons．
④正是由于他的鼓励和帮助，我才能够坚持我的抱负而不是放弃。(due)
Due to his encouragement and assistance，I can stick to my ambition rather than give up．
⑤每当我们遇到困难时，他都会毫不犹豫地来帮助我们。(come across)
Whenever we come across difficulties，he will come to our assistance without hesitation．
⑥这就是我最尊敬的李华。我有信心，有这样一个优秀的朋友在我身边，我会变得越来越好。
Such is Li Hua I respect most．I have the confidence that with such an excellent friend around me，I will become better and better．
　句式升级
⑦用定语从句改写①中的句子
There are many respectable people around us．I am more than delighted to have Li Hua，a 17-year-old teenager，as my best friend，who is crazy about reading，learning and helping other people．
⑧用the reason why．．．is that．．改写②中的句子
The reason why I have respect for/respect Li Hua is that he has many advantages which are worth learning．
⑨用倒装句改写③中的句子
Not only does he make me know how to study well but he also motivates me to read more books to broaden my horizons．
⑩用强调句型改写④中的句子
It is due to his encouragement and assistance that I can stick to my ambition rather than give up．
　妙笔成篇
The Person I Respect
There are many respectable people around us．I am more than delighted to have Li Hua，a 17-year-old teenager，as my best friend，who is crazy about reading，learning and helping other people．
The reason why I have respect for/respect Li Hua is that he has many advantages which are worth learning．First and foremost，not only does he make me know how to study well but he also motivates me to read more books to broaden my horizons．Additionally，it is due to his encouragement and assistance that I can stick to my ambition rather than give up．Last but not least，whenever we come across difficulties，he will come to our assistance without hesitation．
Such is Li Hua I respect most．I have the confidence that with such an excellent friend around me，I will become better and better．
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 动作描写：come across；pick out；strike；undertake；engage
人物描写：admirable；remarkable；intelligent；generous；promising；renowned；wisdom；potential；impressive；passionate；commitment；energetic；daring
美句 1．While horseback riding，he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck． 2．During this time，Reeve felt like he had lost all hope．Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him． 3．Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people with back injuries and disabilities，raising millions of dollars in support of medical research．
拓展 语料 单词 open-mouthed adj．(因惊愕)张着口的，目瞪口呆的 surprise/amaze/astonish vt．使吃惊，使惊讶→surprised/amazed/astonished adj．吃惊的，惊讶的→surprising/amazing/astonishing adj．令人吃惊的→surprise/amazement/astonishment n．吃惊，惊讶 shock vt．使震惊n．震惊→shocking adj．令人震惊的→shocked adj．震惊的
语块 much to one's shock/astonishment/surprise/amazement 令某人十分震惊/吃惊/惊讶/惊奇的是；in disbelief难以置信地；come as a shock to sb．让某人震惊；a look of surprise spreads over/flashes across one's face 某人的脸上出现惊讶的表情；have a look of surprise on one's face 某人脸上的表情很惊讶；eyes widen in surprise/astonishment 惊讶地睁大眼睛；stare at sb．in wide-eyed amazement 睁大眼睛惊讶地看着某人；one's mouth drops/hangs open in surprise惊讶地张大嘴巴；gasp in astonishment 吃惊得倒吸一口气；a tone/voice of surprise/a surprised tone/voice 惊讶的语气/声音；give a cry of surprise 吃惊得叫出声来；too surprised/astonished to utter a word/be speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话来；freeze/stand still/stop dead/be numb with shock 惊呆了；shake one's head in disbelief 难以置信地摇头；gape at 张口结舌地看，目瞪口呆地凝视；one's jaw drops/dropped 张口结舌
句型 1．It gave me a shock when I realized I had missed my train． 当我意识到我已赶不上火车时，我感到震惊。 2．He froze，his mouth hanging open．(独立主格结构) 他僵住了，张着嘴。 3．I froze with shock，as if rooted to the ground．(状语从句的省略) 我震惊得僵住了，仿佛在地上扎了根。 4．I got first prize in the writing competition，with a spark of surprise flashing across my face．(with的复合结构) 我在写作比赛中得了一等奖，脸上闪过一丝惊喜。 5．Staring at her with wide eyes，I hardly believed what she had done．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 我睁大眼睛凝视着她，简直不敢相信她所做的一切。 6．Everyone gasped in astonishment as the car came around the last bend． 当汽车驶过最后一个弯道时，每个人都惊讶得倒吸了一口气。
　语料运用
①聪明又精力充沛的杰里米六年级时想去自然历史博物馆进行实地考察，但不幸的是他病了，失望的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。(独立主格结构)
Intelligent and energetic，Jeremy desired to go on a field trip at the Museum of Natural History when he was in 6th grade，but unluckily he fell ill，tears of disappointment streaming down his cheeks．
②他被迫吃了药，很快就睡着了。一想到要错过这次实地考察，他就感到绝望。(无灵主语句)
He was pressed to take medicine and fell asleep soon．Despair seized him at the thought of missing the field trip．
③当他醒来时，他的父亲让他去见著名且慷慨的赫尔方教授，他愿意让他参观他的天文台。他困惑又惊讶，瞪大了眼睛望着教授。(形容词作状语)
When he awoke，his father asked him to meet renowned and generous Professor Helfand，who would allow him to visit his observatory．Confused and astonished，he gaped at the professor，wide-eyed．
④似乎过了很长一段时间后，他才从震惊中回过神来，脸上闪过一丝微笑。
After what seemed like a long time，he recovered from shock，with a smile flashing across his face．
⑤当看到许多又大又亮的星星时，他愣在那里，然后惊奇地叫了一声。
When seeing many big bright stars，he froze there，and then gave a cry of surprise．
⑥当教授邀请他加入他的团队时，他惊讶得一句话也说不出来，只是难以置信地不停地点头。
When the professor invited him to join his team，he was too astonished to utter a word and he just kept nodding his head in disbelief．
课时数智作业(十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·河北张家口模拟)
People Who Made a Difference in Health Care
In the history of humans，there were great people who made a difference in health care．Doctors，nurses，research scientists and those who brought in new medicine and techniques helped save millions of lives．
Hippocrates (460－370 BC)
Hippocrates was a great doctor of ancient Greece．Through his careful examination of patients，treatments and success rates，he was able to vastly improve his medical treatment．Hippocrates built up one of the great libraries of medical science in Kos．He is also credited with the Hippocratic oath (誓言) which is still sworn (宣誓) today by medical practitioners．
Florence Nightingale (1820－1910)
British nurse．By serving in the Crimean war，Florence Nightingale was instrumental in changing the role of the nursing profession．Her dedicated service won widespread admiration and led to a significant improvement in the treatment of wounded soldiers．
Dr．Henry Heimlich (1920－2016)
Heimlich was an American surgeon and medical researcher．He came up with a creative and simple procedure to help choking victims．It involves a technique of abdominal thrusts where a person stands behind and applies pressure on the diaphragm to increasingly apply pressure．It is claimed that this has saved the lives of up to 50，000 people．Heimlich himself used it on two people，including an old lady in his nursing home．It is included in guidelines for dealing with choking victims．
Alexander Fleming (1881－1955)
Scottish Biologist，pharmacologist and botanist who discovered penicillin．He discovered penicillin by accident but recognized its antibacterial (抗菌的) properties．Fleming later shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine (1945) with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain who succeeded in making it commercially available．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位在医疗护理方面做出贡献的人。
1．What was Florence Nightingale's contribution？(　　)
A．Making penicillin commercially available．
B．Building a great library of medical science．
C．Changing the role of the nursing profession．
D．Inventing a creative and simple way to help choking victims．
C　[细节理解题。根据小标题“Florence Nightingale(1820－1910)”下的“By serving in the Crimean war，Florence Nightingale was instrumental in changing the role of the nursing profession．”可知，Florence Nightingale的贡献是改变护理职业的角色。故选C项。]
2．Who is a Nobel Prize winner？(　　)
A．Hippocrates．
B．Florence Nightingale．
C．Dr．Henry Heimlich．
D．Alexander Fleming．
D　[细节理解题。根据小标题“Alexander Fleming (1881－1955)”下的“Fleming later shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine (1945) with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain who succeeded in making it commercially available．”可知，Alexander Fleming是诺贝尔奖得主。故选D项。]
3．What is the purpose of the text？(　　)
A．To educate．　　　　 B．To introduce．
C．To advertise． D．To advise．
B　[写作意图题。根据本文标题“People Who Made a Difference in Health Care(在医疗护理方面做出贡献的人)”可知，本文主要是介绍在医疗护理方面做出贡献的人，所以本文目的是介绍。故选B项。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·山西太原模拟)
Miss England，Jessica Gagen，is not the ordinary beauty pageant (选美比赛) winner．She just earned an impressive title，rocket scientist．
The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut．But winning her title just a few months before completing her degree was no easy task．She is the first rocket scientist to be crowned Miss England．
Gagen was able to balance between her competition and her schoolwork，but the stress of doing both left her with chest pains and insomnia (失眠)．However，she didn't give up．
“The way to get to this point was a rocky five years in the making，and I faced challenges before I'd even begun，” Gagen told The Daily Mail．“I think it's important that today's youth know that sometimes things don't go entirely as planned，and that's perfectly OK．”
Before starting at the university，Gagen studied a year in physics while working at weekends because she didn't have all the courses she needed for the program．She began studying at the university in 2019 and when the pandemic hit，all the coursework went online．She did this while working full time at night．
“I'd return home to do that day's online lectures and homework and then stop at 8：00 pm to get ready for bed，before the cycle would repeat．I was constantly knackered，but I was a mature student and had bills to pay．”
During the course of her studies，Gagen saw that there were very few females in engineering and decided to make it her duty to promote careers in science for women and girls on her social media．This idea led to her being scouted (物色) for the Miss England contest．In 2022 Gagen was accepted into a Master's program and she entered the Miss England pageant and won．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得选美冠军的27岁女孩Jessica Gagen刚刚从利物浦大学毕业，取得了航空航天工程学位，其梦想是成为宇航员。
4．What did Gagen desire to do upon graduation？(　　)
A．Work as an engineer．
B．Win a beauty contest．
C．Continue rocket research．
D．Become a spacewoman．
D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“The 27-year-old girl just graduated from the University of Liverpool with a degree in Aerospace Engineering and she has set her sights on being an astronaut．”可知，Gagen渴望成为一名宇航员。故选D。]
5．What does Gagen want to convey in paragraph 4？(　　)
A．The youth should face the challenges bravely．
B．Plans do not change based on human will．
C．Feeling a bit uncomfortable seems normal．
D．Today's youth should perform perfectly．
A　[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推断，Gagen想要表达的是当今的年轻人应该勇敢面对挑战。故选A。]
6．Why did Gagen work at night？(　　)
A．To support females．
B．To earn a living．
C．To enter the contest．
D．To promote free careers．
B　[细节理解题。根据第五段的“She did this while working full time at night．”及第六段的“but I was a mature student and had bills to pay”可知，Gagen夜晚工作是为了谋生。故选B。]
7．What does the underlined word “knackered” in paragraph 6 probably mean？(　　)
A．Simple-minded． B．Confused．
C．Worn out． D．Embarrassed．
C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词前“I'd return home to do that day's online lectures and homework and then stop at 8：00 pm to get ready for bed”及画线词后“but I was a mature student and had bills to pay”可推断，Gagen晚上回家后要完成在线课程作业，虽然很疲惫，但是因谋生不得不这样做，knackered的意思是“疲惫不堪的”，与“worn out”的意思一致。故选C。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·辽宁名校联考)
Middle school．For teens and their parents，the two words can arouse anxiety，fear and even horror．Kids are，all of a sudden，really growing up．Their bodies are changing; they're dropping some of their childhood interests and trying on new ones．Friendships form and are torn apart．Academic expectations grow bigger．
But some books—like the novel Curlfriends: New in Town，written and drawn by Sharee Miller—remind us of the many possibilities and excitements that present themselves within those challenging years．
The book follows 12-year-old Charlie Harper，beginning her first day of middle school．This is no small change，and in order to cope，Charlie promises to “completely reinvent” herself．She is tired of letting other people label her and is ready to take control of her own story．What follows is a series of meetings，first with Nola．She introduces Charlie to her lunchtime crew．The girls come together around shared particulars of their lives—homework，girlhood and fashion—even if their differences in tastes and personalities create cracks of uncertainty from time to time．
Curlfriends：New in Town is a delightful book packed with sunny illustrations．It also cuts into the heart of the challenging tensions that are part of this intermediate stage of life．Young teens want to be known and seen by others，but they are also coming to terms with who they are．It can be tricky，for example，to distinguish between the passions and pastimes that your parents picked for you and those you actively care to pursue．It can be difficult to figure out what you like and what you are like．
Curlfriends：New in Town is also a book about finding one's passions，responsibilities and independence despite changing situations．It is as much about expressions of self-respect as it is about showing care for others．The one constant in Charlie's life is her love of drawing，and it's through art that she figures out how to mark her place in middle school．It's not all under her control，but，as with good art，sometimes mistakes along the way end up making for the most amazing details．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Curlfriends：New in Town这本书，包括这本书的主要内容以及作者对这本书的评价等。
8．What is the central theme explored in Curlfriends: New in Town？(　　)
A．The challenges of studies during the teenage years．
B．The difficulty of making new friends in middle school．
C．The transformations and opportunities in growing up．
D．The impact of parental expectations on teenagers．
C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段以及第三段的前三句可知，Curlfriends：New in Town这本书主要讲述的是青少年在成长过程中的转变和遇到的机遇等。故选C。]
9．What does Charlie plan to do in middle school？(　　)
A．Listen to others more carefully．
B．Follow her heart and passions．
C．Live up to her parents' expectations．
D．Be more confident and outgoing．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段前三句可知，Charlie打算上中学后自己掌控自己的生活，而不是让别人给她贴标签。故选B。]
10．What is the tone of the book Curlfriends: New in Town？(　　)
A．Serious and formal．
B．Light-hearted and inspiring．
C．Humorous and carefree．
D．Cold and indifferent．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Curlfriends：New in Town is a delightful book packed with sunny illustrations．．．part of this intermediate stage of life．”可知，这本书的基调是轻松愉快和鼓舞人心的。故选B。]
11．What can be the best title for the text？(　　)
A．Finding Her Place
B．Maintaining Friendships
C．Changing with Times
D．Seeking the Passions
A　[标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Charlie在中学时期是如何找到自己的位置的，故最佳标题为“Finding Her Place”。故选A。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·山西太原模拟)
April Florie，a 57-year-old mother of two，became the first female football coach in the history of New Jersey's 42-team Shore Conference．This 1 story of determination unfolded in Toms River，where Florie entered the world of coaching—she considered 2 the coaching staff of the Toms River East football team．
She shared，“I 3 thought everyone would say no．Who knew the first person I asked would say yes？” The person who said yes was none other than head coach，Kyle Sandberg，known for his 4 attitude to the game．Sandberg had previously welcomed two female players onto the team．
Florie's journey to football wasn't a calculated career move but was born out of a desire to 5 her community and school on a deeper level．She 6 to be part of the town and the school where her children attended classes and played sports．She realized football could help her reach that 7 ．
Florie described her first 8 in August as “frightening”．She had to ask a thousand questions and felt like she was in another world with coaches speaking a 9 language．The sensory overload was real，but her 10 to personal growth was evident to her players and colleagues．The football players and coaching staff 11 her presence and recognized her wisdom and motivation．
Florie sees her journey as an inspiration for other women who may want to step into the male-dominated world of football．She says，“I hope a nice young lady，who's more knowledgeable in football than I am，takes a 12 ．I hope my own children 13 that．I hope they will be fearless and try things that they're 14 with．If you fail，you fail．But 15 you tried．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了57岁的阿普丽尔·弗洛里是两个孩子的母亲，她成为新泽西42支球队Shore Conference历史上第一位女足球教练。
(　　)1．A．extraordinary B．imaginary
C．conventional D．serious
A　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“April Florie，a 57-year-old mother of two，became the first female football coach in the history of New Jersey's 42-team Shore Conference．”可知，此处指阿普丽尔·弗洛里的非凡故事。故选A。]
(　　)2．A．joining B．following
C．supporting D．admiring
A　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“the coaching staff of the Toms River East football team”可知，此处指加入汤姆斯河东部足球队的教练组。故选A。]
(　　)3．A．occasionally B．particularly
C．literally D．finally
C　[考查副词词义辨析。根据下文“thought everyone would say no．Who knew the first person I asked would say yes？”可知，她一开始真的以为每个人都会拒绝她。故选C。]
(　　)4．A．strong-willed B．open-minded
C．science-based D．life-focused
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“Sandberg had previously welcomed two female players onto the team．”可知，主教练凯尔·桑德伯格有着开放的态度。故选B。]
(　　)5．A．deal with B．agree with
C．meet with D．connect with
D　[考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“to be part of the town and the school”可知，她想和社区和学校有更深的联系。故选D。]
(　　)6．A．managed B．struggled
C．afforded D．intended
D　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“to be part of the town and the school where her children attended classes and played sports”可知，她想成为小镇和学校的一部分，她的孩子们在那里上课和做运动。短语intend to表示“打算”。故选D。]
(　　)7．A．conclusion B．height
C．goal D．position
C　[考查名词词义辨析。此处指上文“to be part of the town and the school”即想成为小镇和学校的一部分的目标。故选C。]
(　　)8．A．trip B．lecture
C．dream D．practice
D　[考查名词词义辨析。上文提到她想加入足球队，所以此处指第一次练习。故选D。]
(　　)9．A．body B．different
C．bad D．standard
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“She had to ask a thousand questions and felt like she was in another world with coaches speaking a”可知，她有很多困惑，感觉自己像置身于另一个世界，教练们说着不同的语言。故选B。]
(　　)10．A．approach B．right
C．commitment D．exposure
C　[考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“recognized her wisdom and motivation”可知，她对个人成长的投入得到了认可。故选C。]
(　　)11．A．ignored B．accepted
C．predicted D．assessed
B　[考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“recognized her wisdom and motivation”可知，足球运动员和教练组接受了她，认可了她的智慧和干劲。故选B。]
(　　)12．A．chance B．look
C．measure D．jump
A　[考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“Florie sees her journey as an inspiration for other women who may want to step into the male-dominated world of football．”可知，她鼓励其他女性抓住机会，短语take a chance表示“抓住机会”。故选A。]
(　　)13．A．sense B．use
C．see D．trust
C　[考查动词词义辨析。上文提到她鼓励其他年轻女性大胆尝试，并且希望自己的孩子也能明白这一点，see此处表示“了解，认识到”符合语境。故选C。]
(　　)14．A．unsatisfied B．uncomfortable
C．familiar D．careful
B　[考查形容词词义辨析。结合上文阿普丽尔·弗洛里成为足球教练和“I hope they will be fearless and try things that they're”可知，她鼓励孩子们尝试那些令人感到不舒服的事情。故选B。]
(　　)15．A．in fact B．at last
C．in turn D．at least
D　[考查介词短语辨析。根据上文“If you fail，you fail．”可知，此处不强调结果，而是强调至少你尝试过。故选D。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·江苏镇江模拟)
假如你是李华，你校正在举办主题为“The person whose lifelong passion impresses me most”的英语作文大赛，请写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．人物简介及其成就；
2．对你的影响。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
I have always been impressed by my English teacher's lifelong passion．
My English teacher，Mr Lee，has taught English for 33 years．His rich teaching experience gives us easy access to the sea of knowledge．He has achieved great success，writing scores of professional books on teaching as well as helping countless students realize their dreams．
Actually，I have benefited so much．Not only does he teach me to appreciate the beauty of the language but he highlights the positive attitudes towards life．It is he who has magically brought out the best in me．
Such is my beloved teacher，definitely my life-long tutor，like a beam of sunshine，shining the road ahead of me．
课时数智作业(十二)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·山东曲阜模拟)
On Dec．4，2022，Chinese astronauts Chen Dong，Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe touched down at the Dongfeng landing site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region，according to the China Manned Space Agency．
The astronauts were in orbit for 183 days，during which they oversaw the completion of China's Tiangong space station and several life sciences experiments．They returned with the world's first rice seeds produced in orbit，a feat that allows scientists to examine the effects of microgravity on rice growth so as to find a sustainable food source for long-term space exploration．
One such experiment involved reproducing the entire life cycle of rice for the first time in space．It began with selecting rice seeds carefully，which were then nurtured and monitored as they hatched into seedlings．The astronauts diligently tended to these delicate young plants，which grew into mature plants producing new seeds．It began on July 29，and after 120 days in orbit they successfully produced new space grains．
The new seeds，along with other bio-samples，have been delivered to the Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing．They will also be transferred to labs in Shanghai for further research．The institute said researchers would conduct microbiology and cellular analysis to better understand how microgravity affects these plants on a molecular (分子的) level．This would provide key insights on creating new crops that are more adaptive to the space environment．
Zheng Huiqiong，a researcher at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，said seeds are crucial for growing new crops and supporting humanity's long-term survival in space．
While more research is in the pipeline，Zheng said scientists have already noticed several interesting differences between rice grown on Earth and that grown in space．For instance，the flowering period for the space rice begins slightly earlier than rice planted on Earth．Flowering is a crucial stage for plant reproductive development．“The stems for the space rice are also looser，with the dwarf rice variety becoming shorter while the tall shoot rice variety experiencing no change in height，” she added．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。据中国载人航天局消息，2022年12月4日，中国宇航员陈冬、刘洋和蔡旭哲在内蒙古自治区东风着陆点着陆。宇航员在轨道上运行了183天，在此期间，他们监督了中国天宫空间站的竣工和几项生命科学实验。
1．Why were the rice experiments conducted in space？(　　)
A．To gain a thorough insight into the space environment．
B．To find long-lasting food supply for space exploration．
C．To collect diverse space rice seeds for space research．
D．To explore the impact of microgravity on plants in space．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“They returned with the world's first rice seeds produced in orbit，a feat that allows scientists to examine the effects of microgravity on rice growth so as to find a sustainable food source for long-term space exploration．”可知，在太空中进行水稻实验的目的是为太空探索寻找长期的食物供应。故选B。]
2．What is mainly discussed in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．The experiment process．
B．The research procedures．
C．The current new findings．
D．The exploration duration．
A　[段落大意题。根据文章第三段“One such experiment involved reproducing the entire life cycle of rice for the first time in space．．．It began on July 29，and after 120 days in orbit they successfully produced new space grains．”可知，第三段主要讨论了实验的过程。故选A。]
3．How did the researchers handle the newly acquired seeds？(　　)
A．By preserving them in a secure facility．
B．By shipping them to labs for further analysis．
C．By studying their adaptability to microgravity．
D．By assessing their growth under controlled conditions．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知，研究人员将新获得的种子运送到实验室进行进一步分析。故选B。]
4．What conclusion can be drawn from Zheng's words？(　　)
A．More advanced research methods are in great demand．
B．Potential application of the research results is promising．
C．Space rice varieties commonly suffer decreases in height．
D．Distinctions between Earth rice and space rice are evident．
C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，从郑的话中我们可以总结出：太空水稻品种通常会出现高度上的下降。故选C。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2024·江西南昌模拟)
For decades，I was a hard drinker who could drink anyone under the table．This lasted from the age of 27 until after 50，a golden time during which I felt very sorry for non-drinkers and people who couldn't or wouldn't drink．How did they make it through social situations，especially parties What did they do at the end of a workday to celebrate and relax 1
When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s，I wasn't sure at first how it would work for me．But I did it anyway． 2 I was getting older．I had to concede that I wasn't as tough as I used to be．Nights of drinking too much showed in my face，and I could feel it in my bones．I wanted to take care of myself．So for the next few years，I bounced between not drinking at all for months at a time，then slowly starting again until I had to quit again．
During these years，I didn't love not drinking．But I had to admit that when I was off booze，I looked and felt better physically: I slept more deeply，had more energy，and exercised more．My mind was clearer．My moods were brighter．Parties were hard，and so was cooking at the end of a day of writing without a glass of wine at my elbow． 3
I finally quit drinking for real almost four years ago，on 12 July，2019，when a writer friend stayed with my husband and me after his wife kicked him out．After my husband had gone upstairs to bed，my friend sat on our sofa drinking an entire bottle of gin，complaining about his fate，until he passed out next to our dog，whose bed that sofa was． 4 I didn't have a drink the next night，or ever again since．
I'm not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride． 5 Having to feel my damn feelings without filters compels me to face and change the things in my life that keep me stuck．Hard work all around，but as my reward，I connect more deeply with the people I care about．I think of not drinking as a kindness I've given myself．And to my surprise，it's rewarded me with true，hard-won happiness．
A．It was a wake-up call．
B．My body demanded it．
C．How did they quit drinking
D．How did they get through life
E．My health started improving rapidly．
F．It's more like a hike in the mountains．
G．But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者戒酒的过程。
1．D　[上文“这种情况从27岁一直持续到50岁以后，在那段黄金时期，我为那些从不喝酒的人和那些不能或不愿喝酒的人感到非常遗憾。他们是如何度过社交活动，特别是派对的？他们在工作日结束时做了什么来庆祝和放松？”指出作者爱喝酒，并提出几个问题为那些从不喝酒的人和那些不能或不愿喝酒的人表示遗憾，由此可知，空处也应是提出问题，表达遗憾。D项“How did they get through life？”符合语境。故选D。]
2．B　[上文“When I first tried to quit drinking myself in my early 50s，I wasn't sure at first how it would work for me．But I did it anyway．”指出作者开始戒酒，下文“I was getting older．I had to concede that I wasn't as tough as I used to be．”说明作者戒酒的原因，即岁数大了，身体不允许作者再喝酒了。B项“My body demanded it．”符合语境，引起下文。故选B。]
3．G　[上文“但我不得不承认，当我戒酒后，我的身体状况看起来好多了：睡得更深了，精力更充沛了，锻炼得更多了。我的头脑更清醒了。我的心情好多了。聚会是艰难的，在一天写作结束的时候，手边没有一杯葡萄酒，做饭也变得艰难起来。”重点描述了戒酒的好处与坏处，由此可知，戒酒利大于弊，空处对上文进行总结。G项“But the pluses seemed to outweigh the minuses．”符合语境。故选G。]
4．A　[上文“After my husband had gone upstairs to bed，my friend sat on our sofa drinking an entire bottle of gin，complaining about his fate，until he passed out next to our dog，whose bed that sofa was．”描述作者的朋友喝醉酒后躺在狗的床上失去知觉，下文“I didn't have a drink the next night，or ever again since．”指出作者从那以后戒酒了，由此可知，空处应该是描述朋友喝酒对作者的影响，即让作者戒酒了。A项“It was a wake-up call．”符合语境。故选A。]
5．F　[由上文“I'm not going to lie: being sober is not a hot-air balloon ride．”可知，空处承接上文，应该指出不喝酒的感觉是什么样的。F项“It's more like a hike in the mountains．”符合语境。故选F。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2025·重庆三校联考)
Science fiction，or sci-fi，has 1． __________ (explosive) grown in popularity since the 21st century．Its impact on media，art，pop culture，film and technology has consolidated sci-fi as 2． unique storytelling genre．
Before the 2000s，Chinese science fiction was a lesser-known and community-oriented genre．Few works were translated，and the western world took no interest 3． __________ it．But the once subgenre has become internationally recognized，mainly because of Ken Liu，a writer，4． __________ (translate) and computer scientist．Liu has done more work than anyone else to translate Chinese sci-fi．After he translated The Three-Body Problem，it became the first contemporary Chinese sci-fi novel in English．5． __________ (publish) in 2014，it proved to be a raging success．
Writing in Chinese is，of course，different from writing in English．The meanings and references used in Chinese sci-fi are unique to the genre．In the works Liu translated，multiple footnotes are used 6． __________ (describe) the complexity western readers can't understand，and they explain why a word or sentence 7． __________ (write) in a certain way．The cultures and languages within China each have their own subtle differences，giving translated works a foreign and distinct feel 8． __________ no western novel can match．
The use of traditional and cultural objects，words and places in Chinese science fiction makes the genre a cultural and 9． __________ (history) analysis of China．After reading The Three-Body Problem，for example，western readers discover some differences and 10． __________ (similarity) between western and Asian cultures．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了作家、翻译员和计算机科学家刘宇昆翻译中国科幻小说《三体》，取得了巨大成功。
1．explosively　[考查副词。修饰动词grown应用副词。故填explosively。]
2．a　[考查冠词。名词短语“unique storytelling genre”是单数泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。unique的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
3．in　[考查介词。take no interest in“对……不感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故填in。]
4．translator　[考查名词。根据句意可知，此处应用表示人的名词translator，和前文writer及后文computer scientist并列构成名词短语，作名词Ken Liu的同位语。故填translator。]
5．Published　[考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语，动词publish和主语it之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语。位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Published。]
6．to describe　[考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth．“被用来做某事”，是固定搭配，不定式作目的状语。故填to describe。]
7．is written　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。动词write和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。又因主谓一致原则，故填is written。]
8．that/which　[考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为“a foreign and distinct feel”，指代事物，可用关系代词that或which引导从句，作宾语。故填that/which。]
9．historical　[考查形容词。修饰名词analysis应用形容词historical“历史的，历史学的”。故填historical。]
10．similarities　[考查名词复数。根据前文some可知，此处应用名词复数和differences并列作宾语。故填similarities。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·湖南长沙模拟)
Many years ago I stepped into a bookstore in Cincinnati in search of some books that I wanted．While I was there，a poor little boy，about twelve，came in to ask whether they had a world atlas (地图册) for sell．
“Yes．It costs one dollar，” replied the salesman．“I have only sixty-two cents，” the boy said．
“Would you let me have it and wait a little while for the rest of the money？” His request being refused，the boy left．I followed him．“And what now？” I asked．
“I shall try another place，sir．”
“Do you mind if I go too and see how you succeed？”
“If you like，” he said in surprise．
Four times I saw the look on the boy's face turn to disappointment．But he continued．When we entered the fifth store，he told the bookseller what had happened．When asked why he wanted the atlas so much，the boy said，“My father was a sailor，but he is dead．I want to know about the places he used to go to and I'm going to be a sailor，too．”
Deeply touched，the bookseller sold the boy an atlas and presented him with a new pencil for his perseverance (毅力)．I also gave him two dollars for other books he wanted．Tears in his eyes，he told us his name is William Hartley．He hoped to repay us some day．
Many years later，I left for Liverpool by water．At the end of the journey，there came a terrible storm and the ship was in trouble．A great leak was filling the ship with water．The crew was made up of strong and able men．But after fighting for one whole night with the water still flowing in，the sailors gave up desperately．
But the captain didn't give up．He ordered every man to his position and went below to look for the leak．As he passed me，I asked whether there was any hope of saving the ship．He looked at me，firmly saying “Yes，sir．As long as one inch of this ship remains above water，there is hope．”
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Three times during that day we encountered rather dangerous situations．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Before I expressed my thanks to him，the captain said first，“Sir，do you not recognize me？”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Three times during that day we encountered rather dangerous situations．But the cool-headed captain's courage，perseverance and powerful will inspired everyone on board，and we all went to work together．In the end we survived rough seas．With the ship successfully docking in Liverpool，I heard many people cheering with excitement and saw the captain standing on the deck with a smile．Thinking that the ship would have sunk with all on board had it not been for the captain，I decided to go to thank him for making us out of the woods．
Before I expressed my thanks to him，the captain said first，“Sir，do you not recognize me？” I shook my head and was a little confused after thinking back for a while．“Do you remember the boy you followed and who had great difficulty in getting a world atlas some thirty years ago in Cincinnati？” he asked．“Oh，yes，I remember that boy very well．His name is William Hartley，” I said excitedly．“I'm William Hartley，” the captain laughed．“The perseverance that got you that atlas many years ago has saved our lives now，” I said，feeling proud of him．
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