资源简介

核心 词汇 1．career n．职业，事业 2．symbol n．象征，标志 3．dormitory＝dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍 4．extreme n．极端 5．entry n．条目 6．ruin vt．毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 7．skip vt．不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 8．defensive adj．戒备的，自卫的 9．workout n．训练，锻炼 10．sacrifice n．牺牲 11．countless adj．无数的，数不尽的 12．hire vt．租用 13．boil vi．& vt．(使)沸腾，煮沸 14．enormous adj．巨大的，庞大的 15．apart adj．& adv．分开；散开 16．platform n．舞台；月台 17．outstanding adj．杰出的，优秀的 18．average adj．平庸的，普通的 n．平均水平；平均数 19．style n．方式，特点 20．forwards adv．向前 21．collapse vi．突然倒下；倒塌 22．faith n．相信；信任 23．found vt．创立；创建 24．label n．标签，标记 vt．贴标签于 25．entrance n．进入许可；入口 26．income n．收入；收益
阅读 词汇 1．persistent adj．坚持的；执意的 2．astronaut n．宇航员 3．millionaire n．百万富翁 4．furniture n．家具 5．hybrid adj．杂交的 n．杂交种；混合体 6．minimum n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 7．contract n．合同；契约 8．distraction n．使人分心的事物 9．strive vi．努力；奋斗 10．encyclopaedia n．百科全书 11．element n．基本部分；要素 12．triathlete n．铁人三项运动员 13．rugby n．(英式)橄榄球 14．iron n．铁；熨斗 15．hammer n．榔头；锤子 16．bridal adj．婚礼的；新娘的
拓展 词汇 1．determined adj．坚定的，坚决的→determine vt．决定，决心→determination n．决心；毅力 2．optimistic adj．乐观的，乐观主义的→optimism n．乐观 3．disciplined adj．遵守纪律的→discipline n．自制力 vt．惩罚，处罚 4．committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的→commit vt．做，犯→commitment n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 5．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热心→enthusiastically adv．热心地，热衷地 6．ambitious adj．有抱负的，有雄心的→ambition n．雄心，抱负→ambitiously adv．雄心勃勃地；规模宏大地；艰巨地 7．appreciative adj．感激的→appreciate vt．感激；欣赏→appreciation n．感激；欣赏 8．injury n．伤， 损害→injure vi．受伤→injured adj．受伤的 9．employee n．雇员→employ vt．雇用→employer n．雇主 10．comfortably adv．舒服地，舒适地→comfort vt．& n．(使)舒适→comfortable adj．舒服的，舒适的 11．ultimate adj．最后的，最终的→ultimately adv．最后，最终 12．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→hungry adj．饿的 13．guilty adj．内疚的，羞愧的→guilt n．内疚，惭愧 14．influential adj．有影响力的→influence vt．& n．影响 15．devote vt．把……奉献给；专心致力于→devoted adj．全心全意的；忠诚的→devotion n．忠诚；奉献；关爱 16．production n．生产；产量→produce vt．生产 17．publisher n．出版商→publish vt．出版 18．reject vt．拒绝接受→rejection n．嫌弃；拒绝接受 19．motivating adj．起激励作用的；激发(人)的→motivate vt．使有动机→motivation n．动力，积极性→motivated adj．积极的，主动的→unmotivated adj．不积极的，不主动的 20．limit vt．& n．限制，限定→limiting adj．局限的，限制性的→limited adj．有限的→limitation n．局限性；缺陷 21．distraction n．使人分心的事物→distract vt．扰乱，使分心→distracted adj．心神不定的，精神无法集中的 22．convince vt．说服；使确信→convincing adj．有说服力的 23．academic adj．学术的→academically adv．学术上 24．defensive adj．戒备的，自卫的→defend vt．保卫，捍卫→defense n．保卫 25．intensity n．强度；强烈→intense adj．高度的；强烈的；剧烈的；极度的 26．enormous adj．巨大的，庞大的→enormously adv．巨大地，极大地 27．length n．长度→long adj．长的→lengthen vt．延长；加长；使伸长 28．normal adj．正常的，平常的→normally adv．正常地，平常 29．recognised adj．公认的；经过检验的→recognize vt．认出，承认→recognisation n．认可 30．contribute vi．& vt．增进；捐献；促成→contribution n．贡献 31．retire vi．退休；退职→retired adj．离职的；退休的→retirement n．退休；离职 32．devotion n．奉献；忠心→devote vt．投入(时间、金钱、精力等) 33．reference n．推荐信；谈到，提及→refer vi．提到，谈到 34．faith n．相信；信任→faithful adj．信任的；忠诚的→faithfully adv．忠诚地；忠实地；准确地 35．fashion n．时尚→fashionable adj．时尚的→fashionably adv．时尚地 36．designer n．设计师，设计者→design vt．& n．设计 37．bitterly adv．痛苦地；愤恨地→bitter adj．苦的 38．promotion n．提升，晋升→promote vt．提升；促销
高频 短语 1．turn one's back on．．．不理会…… 2．be tired of厌烦 3．be regarded as被认为 4．a sense of success/achievement成就感 5．get on发迹；出人头地 6．give away泄露；失去；赠送 7．drop out退出，脱离；辍学 8．boil down to sth．归结为；要点是 9．stay in 待在家里 10．apply oneself to sth．努力；专心致志于某事 11．set sb．/sth．apart 使与众不同 12．retire from 从……退休 13．make sense 有意义；解释得通 14．devote．．．to 致力于
句型 公式 1．He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man．(sb．＋be＋adj．＋to do．．．) 他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。 2．What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others．(what引导的主语从句) 我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。 3．I've been reading a book that gives lots of great tips on how to be successful．(“疑问词＋不定式”结构，可以用作主语、宾语和表语) 我最近在读一本书，里面有很多成功秘诀。 4．Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas．(whenever 引导让步状语从句) 每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。 5．It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before．(强调句型) 这是一种我以前从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。 6．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．(not．．．but．．．) 衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。 7．I could have become angry or defensive．(could have done) 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 8．I have always lived my life to extremes．Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I'm applying myself to．(“no matter＋疑问词”结构，引导让步状语从句) 生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
Tom，who is of average height，is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as committed to his job．When he was a student，he was ambitious and 1．dreamed/dreamt (dream) of becoming an astronaut．2．However/Nevertheless，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and devote himself to 3．teaching (teach)，because he appreciated his teacher's commitment to the teaching career．
Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，convincing more people 4．to have (have) faith in the power of 5．education (educate)．Tom has been striving to achieve his goal，6．which is influential．Because of his effective teaching style，7．it is normal for students in the village school to 8．be disciplined (discipline) and not to drop out of school．All the villagers are 9．appreciative (appreciate) of his devotion for their children's enormous academic progress．
With reference to him，we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for 10．our (we) country without considering his income．He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future．
1．committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)A talented scientist well known for his commitment to his country，Huang Danian committed (commit) himself to his research in geophysics．
②The professor loved his career and was committed to it all his life．
③They were reluctant to commit themselves to giving (give) an opinion．
　完成句子
大多数教授都致力于教学和研究。
Professors，for the most part，are committed/commit themselves to teaching as well as research．
◎commit vt．犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等) vi．全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；忠于(某个人、机构等)
◎be committed to (doing) sth．/commit oneself to (doing) sth．致力于(做)某事
◎commitment n．投入；花费；奉献；承诺
◎make a commitment to (do/doing) sth．保证/承诺(做)某事
◎(2024·浙江1月卷)All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about，let alone commit to memory．
所有不同的走廊和房间都让人难以想象，更不用说牢牢记住了。
2．devote vt．把……奉献给；专心致力于
①It was his devotion (devote) and contribution that motivated me greatly．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit 5)Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he has devoted his life．
③All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting (protect) the ocean．To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves．
④With all her time devoted (devote) to the experiments，she has no time for housework．
　应用文写作之人物介绍
他决定把余生献给科学研究。
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation．
◎devote．．．to (doing) sth．把……用于(做)某事
◎devote oneself to＝be devoted to献身于；致力于
◎devoted adj．忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的
◎devotion n．奉献；关爱
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
人们在阅读数字文本时，往往抱着一种适合社交媒体的心态，这种心态往往不那么严肃，而且比阅读印刷品时投入的精力更少。
3．limit vt．& n．[课本义]限制，限定　[增补义]n．限量；界限，范围
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)A committee was established to limit (limit) damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics．
②There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to serving (serve) the people．
③Families are limited (limit) to four free tickets each．
　完成句子
当你在这条路上行驶时，你必须将车速限制在每小时60英里以内。
When you are driving on this road，you must limit your speed to 60 miles per hour．
◎set a limit to限制……
◎within the limits of限定在……(范围内)
◎There is a/no limit to．．．……是有限的/无限的。
◎limit．．．to．．．把……限定在……范围内
◎limited adj．有限的
◎limitless adj．无限制的
◎limitation n．缺陷；局限性
◎(2024·北京卷)This time around，I can accept my limitations but keep going．
这一次，我可以接受自己的局限，但继续前进。
4．convince vt．说服；使确信
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Great to hear you're coming to the US! I hope I can convince you to stop (stop) by and visit us in New York．
②It took us several hours to make the old man convinced (convince) of the safety of travelling by air．
③You need to convince them of the information．
　读后续写之主旨升华
我坚信，有志者事竟成。
I am strongly convinced that where there is a will，there is a way．
◎convince sb．of sth．使某人相信某事
◎convince sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事
◎be convinced of/that．．．相信……
◎I don't believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to convince me．
我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明它，或许会把我说服。
5．ruin [课本义]vt．毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏　[增补义]n．废墟；毁灭
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)After the war，the kingdom was left in ruins (ruin)，with all of its defence completely destroyed．
②The constant rain caused damage to the old building ruining (ruin) its base all the time．
　句式升级
(普通表达)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday．
(高级表达)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，completely ruining our holiday．(非谓语动词作状语)
◎in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪；严重受损
◎ruin one's hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会
◎ruin oneself自我毁灭
◎When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighbourhood in ruins．
第二天，当他们回到洛基韦时，发现他们家附近已经成了废墟。
6．average [课本义]adj．平庸的，普通的 n．平均水平；平均数　[增补义]vt．平均为
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 6)The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees，so over 30 is not usual for London．
②On average，boys like playing football better than girls．
③He is working hard and his grades are above average in his class．
④An average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class．
　一句多译
父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为220美元。
①Parents spend an average of $220 on toys for children every year．
②Parents spend $220 on toys on average for children every year．
◎on average平均
◎above average高于平均水平
◎below average低于平均水平
◎an average of．．．平均有……(后跟数词)
◎the average of．．．……的平均数
◎She runs on average about 15 miles a day every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather．
她坚持每天平均跑15英里左右，不论什么情况，不论什么天气。
7．recognised adj．公认的；经过检验的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)In time，he gained recognition (recognise) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known．
②The outstanding entrepreneur is a well recognised (recognise) successful person in the world．
③Huang Danian was recognised as one of the world's leading experts in deep earth exploration technology．
　应用文写作之人物介绍
人们公认他是一位纪律严明、兢兢业业的宇航员。
It is recognised that he is a disciplined and committed astronaut．
◎recognise vt．认出；认可；承认
◎recognise sb．/one's voice认出某人/听出某人的声音
◎be recognised as/to be．．．被认作……/被认为是……
◎It is recognised that．．．人们公认……
◎recognition n．认出；认识
◎beyond recognition认不出来；面目全非
◎It is recognised that our thoughts greatly influence our mood and level of well-being．
人们公认思考很大程度上影响了我们的情绪和快乐水平，这点已经得到证实。
8．contribute vi．& vt．增进；捐献；促成
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)Why do you think so many countries contributed (contribute) funds and offered help to the Egyptian project
②Apart from money，people contributed food and clothes to the disaster area．
③With determination and devotion，everyone can make a contribution (contribute) to the development of society．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
我相信，我们每个人都可以为世界的未来做出贡献。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world．
◎contribute sth．to．．．把某物捐献给……
◎contribute to有助于；导致；投稿；对……做贡献
◎contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件
◎make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
◎We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion．
我们希望大家都能参与讨论。
9．make sense [课本义]有意义；解释得通　[增补义]合乎情理；表述清楚；易于理解
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)The poems may not make sense (sensible) and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite．
②I can't make sense of this poem，but perhaps I will，if I read it again．
③In a sense，students today respond badly to traditional methods of teaching．
　完成句子
从某种意义上说，《青年杂志》是一位帮助我提高英语水平的好老师。
In a sense，Youth is a good teacher that helps me to improve my English．
◎make sense of．．．弄懂……
◎make no sense没有意义
◎in a sense从某种意义上说
◎in no sense决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
◎there's no sense in doing sth．做某事是没有道理/意义的
◎Provided you didn't try to make sense of it，it sounded beautiful．
只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。
10．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)The bookstore，which was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood，was a place where anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books．
②Gradually his strength failed and he dropped back/behind in the race．
③My friend David fell down near the finishing line and injured his right leg．As a consequence，he had to drop out．
④One day，the poor man dropped in on a wise old man and asked him for advice about changing his life．
　完成句子
在几百千米的行军中，没有一个人掉队。
In a long march of several hundred kilometres，no one dropped out．
◎drop out (of sth．)退出(某事)；不再参加
◎drop back/behind后退；落后
◎drop off打盹儿；小睡；减少；下降
◎drop in on sb．顺便拜访某人
◎drop in at sp．顺便到访某地
◎Research suggests that children whose parents split up are more likely to drop out of high school．
研究显示父母离异的孩子更有可能在中学辍学。
11．[教材原句]He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing．(while连接并列句)
他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活，在很多人一无所有的时候自己拥有一切。
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)While all this was going on，a journalist was taking photos．
②Americans are still texting while driving (drive)，as well as using social networks and taking photos．
③The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients，while a cheater might use it to control potential victims．
　完成句子
有些运动通常在室内进行，而另一些则在室外进行。
Some sports are usually done indoors，while others are done outdoors．
◎while作并列连词时，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”；
◎while引导让步状语从句时，表示“尽管；虽然”；
◎while作从属连词时，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
◎(2024·北京卷)The approval of others is rewarding，while their disapproval is strongly disliked．
其他人的赞同是有益的，但他们的反对则是非常不受欢迎的。
12．[教材原句]Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas．(whenever引导让步状语从句)
每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。
①She asks my teachers how I'm doing at school whenever she can．
②Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out．
③Whoever breaks the law will be punished．
　完成句子
每当我们遇到困难，他们都会来帮助我们。
Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us．
◎“疑问代词＋ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时相当于“no matter＋疑问代词”。
◎“no matter＋疑问代词”只能引导让步状语从句。
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Eat with others whenever possible．
只要有可能就和别人一起吃饭。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Tony is committed to selling the products，because he has made a strong commitment to his boss．(commit)
2．All of the soldiers were appreciative of the medical workers and they wrote a letter of appreciation to appreciate their generous assistance．(appreciate)
3．The employer refused to employ the young woman as an employee in his factory，but he offered her a part-time employment in the Internet shop．(employ)
4．(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 2) The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special，and they broke into enthusiastic (enthusiasm) cheers at the end of the symphony．
5．(外研版必修第三册Unit 2) He was determined (determine) to help other children have clean water．
6．(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 4) However，some people are less optimistic (optimism)，and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement．
7．(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) In addition，the ambitious (ambition) “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country．
8．(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most influential (influence) explorers．
9．No．9 High School is one of those that have gone to great lengths (long) to protect students' eyes，coming up with many effective solutions．
10．(人教版必修第三册Unit 2)Feeling hurt by the rejection (reject)，she bit her lip and quietly walked away．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．contract
A．n．合同；契约　B．vt．(使)收缩　C．vt．患上，感染(疾病)　D．vt．与……订立合同
(1)In spoken English，“do not” often contracts to “don't”． B
(2)Our company was contracted to build shelters for the homeless． D
(3)Don't sign/enter into any contract before examining its conditions carefully． A
(4)He contracted malaria while he was travelling． C
2．skip
A．vt．蹦跳着走　B．vt．快速转移　C．vt．不做(本来应做的事)　D．vi．(扔石块)打水漂　E．vt．跳过，略过
(1)The teacher kept skipping from one subject to another so it was difficult to follow what he was saying． B
(2)She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path． A
(3)I'm trying to lose weight，so I'm skipping lunch today． C
(4)(2023·浙江1月卷)Two hard workout days every week is enough．If you really hate to skip a day，you can plan easy exercises on other days． E
(5)We watched a child skipping stones across the lake． D
3．(2023·全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label on it． A
A．n．标签
B．n．称号；绰号
C．vt．贴标签于
4．Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape． C
A．n．进入
B．n．入口处
C．n．参赛作品
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．然而，格林先生不高兴看到她花很多钱。(sb．＋be＋adj．＋to do．．．)
However，Mr Green was unhappy to see her spend much money．
2．每当她买了一件东西，他都会抱怨。
(1)Whenever she bought an item，he would complain about it．
(2)No matter when she bought an item，he would complain about it．
3．使我兴奋的是我在国际比赛中获得了第一名。
(1)What made me excited was to win first prize in the international competition．
(2)To my excitement，I won first prize in the international competition．
假定你是李华，你将参加校英文报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛，请写一篇演讲稿参赛。
　写作微练
①我最钦佩的科学家是屠呦呦，因为她在医学领域的贡献而被授予中华人民共和国勋章。(contribution)
The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou．She was awarded the Medal of the People's Republic of China for her contributions to the field of medicine．
②屠呦呦是一位非凡的科学家。她一直致力于学术研究。(commit)
Tu Youyou is an extraordinary scientist．She has been committed to academic research．
③人们公认她在与疟疾(Malaria)的斗争中发挥了至关重要的作用。
It is recognised that she played a crucial role in the fight against Malaria．
④这些年来，除了她的无私和勇气，她的奉献和决心也赢得了人们的尊重。(apart from；devotion)
Apart from her selflessness and courage，her devotion and determination have also won people's respect these years．
⑤毫无疑问，她不仅致力于自己的事业，而且还经常锻炼身体。
There is no doubt that not only is she devoted to her career but she also works out regularly to build up her body．
⑥她是医学界的杰出人物。我们深信她的贡献将有助于拯救更多的生命。
She is a remarkable figure in the medical world．We are greatly convinced that her contribution will help save more lives in the future．
　句式升级
⑦将①改为who引导的定语从句
The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou who was awarded the Medal of the People's Republic of China for her contributions to the field of medicine．
⑧用定语从句改写句②
Tu Youyou is an extraordinary scientist，who has been committed to academic research．
　妙笔成篇
The Scientist I Admire Most
The scientist I admire most is Tu Youyou who was awarded the Medal of the People's Republic of China for her contributions to the field of medicine．
Tu Youyou is an extraordinary scientist，who has been committed to academic research．It is recognised that she played a crucial role in the fight against Malaria．Apart from her selflessness and courage，her devotion and determination have also won people's respect these years．There is no doubt that not only is she devoted to her career but she also works out regularly to build up her body．
Such is Tu Youyou，a remarkable figure in the medical world．We are greatly convinced that her contribution will help save more lives in the future．
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 动作描写：reject；devote；drop out；convince；strive；ruin；skip；retire from；collapse；label；get on；limit；hire；stay in；set sb．/sth．apart
人物描写：persistent；determined；optimistic；committed；enthusiastic；ambitious；appreciative；career；cooperation；comfortably；appreciate；hunger；motivating；defensive；injured；influential；selfish；outstanding；average；recognised；faith；discipline；guilty
美句 1．This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything． 2．But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life． 3．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
拓展 语料 单词 regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜→regretful adj．后悔的，遗憾的 guilt n．内疚→guilty adj．内疚的→guiltily adv．内疚地
语块 to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是；with deep/great regret很遗憾；be full of guilt/be filled with guilt/be consumed with guilt/be overcome by guilt满心愧疚；a feeling of guilt内疚感；have guilt written all over one's face满脸内疚；with a guilty look on one's face 脸上露出惭愧的表情；drown in feelings of guilt 沉浸在内疚感之中
句型 1．I stood there，with regretful tears in my eyes．(with的复合结构) 我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。 2．On hearing the bad news，she felt extremely guilty．(on doing．．．) 听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。 3．With guilt and regret flowing in my mind，I rose to my feet，rushed out and apologised to her．(with的复合结构；动作链描写) 我心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。
　语料运用
①绝望而无助，我瘫倒在地，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(形容词短语作状语；独立主格)
Desperate and helpless，I collapsed in a heap on the ground，tears of regret streaming down my cheeks．
②由于拒绝了热情乐观的班长的建议，我在期末考试中失败了。
Having rejected my enthusiastic and optimistic monitor's suggestions，I failed the end-of-term examination．
③就在那个时候，我的班长走过来对我说：“只要你致力于自己的目标，我深信你迟早会成功的。”
It was at that time that my monitor approached me，saying，“As long as you are committed/devoted to your goal，I am greatly convinced that you can make it sooner or later．”
④脸上带着愧疚的神情，我喃喃地说：“我会坚持不懈、坚定意志，直到成功。我真诚地感谢你的慷慨帮助。” (with的复合结构)
With a guilty look on my face，I murmured，“I will be persistent and determined until I succeed．I am sincerely appreciative of your generous help．”
课时数智作业(二十)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·广东东莞模拟)
The scientist's job is to figure out how the world works，and to “torture (拷问)” nature to reveal her secrets，as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it．But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets，or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers．
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—brains，education，culture etc．that makes them capable of doing science at all，” said Colin Allen，a cognitive scientist at Indiana University．
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them．“Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity，” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity．“They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake．” Max Planck，one of the fathers of quantum physics，once said，the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination，for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论)，but by an artistically creative imagination．”
But others disagree with this universal scientific mind．They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart．Discovering these abilities may be hard，Allen thinks，as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity，fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic．
But for Allen，this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone's behavior．“We are only just beginning to understand the characteristics of organisms，including ourselves，aren't the fixed products of either genes or of environments/culture，but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us，” he said．
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet，we're only going to make limited progress on these questions，” Allen said．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。世界上有众多谜团，但最大的谜团之一就是哪些因素造就了科学家，科学家们具备什么样的特点。文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。
1．Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．To introduce a famous scientist．
B．To stress the role of creativity in science．
C．To compare different views on science．
D．To illustrate what is curiosity in science．
B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，作者引用普朗克的话是为了证明科学家需要有丰富的想象力和创造力，因为真正的想法不能靠演绎推理而产生，只能凭借创造力。故选B。]
2．What do Allen's words in the last two paragraphs suggest？(　　)
A．Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable．
B．We are passively influenced by our genes and culture．
C．Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are．
D．Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior．
C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Allen认为生物体的特征，包括我们人类自己，并不是基因或者环境/文化的固定产物。我们每个个体都是一种持续地和环境相互影响、相互作用的产物。故选C。]
3．What is Allen's attitude to the current study on the human brain？(　　)
A．Cautious．　　　 B．Indifferent．
C．Approving． D．Pessimistic．
D　[观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Allen对目前关于人类大脑的研究的态度是消极的。故选D。]
4．What is a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．Who Are the Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born but Made
C．The Great Mystery: What Makes a Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside a Scientist's Mind
C　[标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家可知，C选项“伟大的奥秘：是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2025·福建龙岩模拟)
Perseverance: The Key to Success
Perseverance is a vital trait to possess in order to achieve success in any aspect of life． 1 Perseverance involves the ability to face challenges，overcome obstacles，and push through adversity，no matter how difficult they may seem．
One perspective on perseverance is that it is the ability to maintain focus and determination in the face of setbacks． 2 The successful people are the ones who keep moving forward in face of adversity．They understand that success often comes after repeated failure．
Another perspective on perseverance is that it involves having a growth mindset．This means that individuals who possess perseverance are open to new challenges and are not afraid to fail． 3 They understand that each failure brings them one step closer to success，and they keep pushing forward despite setbacks．
4 It also involves having the discipline to do so．This means staying committed to a goal and putting in the necessary time and effort，even when it is not easy．Successful people understand that in order to achieve greatness，sacrifices must be made and hard work must be put in consistently over time．
In conclusion，perseverance is an essential quality to possess in order to achieve the goals we set for ourselves．It involves the ability to persist in the face of adversity，maintain focus and determination，have a growth mindset，and possess the discipline necessary to put in consistent hard work over time． 5
A．With perseverance，anything is possible．
B．Write down your goals to keep them in front of you at all times．
C．It is the quality that drives us to keep going even when it is tough．
D．They view failure as an opportunity to learn rather than a reason to give up．
E．It is important to remember perseverance is not always easy，but it is worth it．
F．Furthermore，perseverance is not just about having the motivation to keep going．
G．In other words，perseverance is about not giving up even when things don't go well．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了毅力对于个人成功和实现目标的重要性，作者认为毅力是成功不可或缺的品质，它涉及多个方面的能力和心态。
1．C　[根据空前内容“Perseverance is a vital trait to possess in order to achieve success in any aspect of life．”可知，毅力是一种至关重要的品质。选项C延续上文内容，指出毅力是一种在困难的时候也能驱使我们前进的品质。故选C。]
2．G　[根据空前内容“One perspective on perseverance is that it is the ability to maintain focus and determination in the face of setbacks．”可知，毅力指的是面对挫折仍然能够保持专注的能力。选项G是前文的具体阐述，指的是毅力就是事情不顺利也不会放弃的品质。故选G。]
3．D　[根据空前内容“This means that individuals who possess perseverance are open to new challenges and are not afraid to fail．”可知，拥有毅力的人愿意接受挑战，不怕失败。选项D是上文内容的自然延续，指的是有毅力的人不怕失败，反而把失败当作学习的机会。故选D。]
4．F　[空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述的是想要成功，我们必须长期不懈地工作。选项F与后文保持一致，为本段主要内容。指的是毅力不仅仅是要有继续前进的动力而且要能够坚持下去，这样才能成功。故选F。]
5．A　[根据上文可知，上文讲述的是毅力的重要性。选项A是对上文内容的总结，指出只要有毅力，一切皆有可能。故选A。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2025·河南TOP二十名校模拟)
Of all fields of science，physics has a reputation for being frightening to the general public．That's 1． __________ professor Tatiana Erukhimova worked with others to produce a series of videos showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and insightful way．The videos have earned her fans around the world．
Not only 2． __________ (be) the explanations in every video easy to follow，but Erukhimova's 3． __________ (enthusiastic) is what truly keeps the viewers engaged．Erukhimova's unique teaching method comes from her hope 4． __________ (stimulate) students' interest in physics through demonstrative classes．
Born to physicist parents，Erukhimova 5． __________ (become) attached to the field since she was very little．After 6． __________ (offer) a position at Texas A&M almost 25 years ago，Erukhimova moved from Russia to Texas．Since then，she has won over both university students 7． __________ casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science．
While Erukhimova is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video，getting them 8． __________ (interest) and curious about learning more is all worth it．She said，“I 9． __________ (strong) believe that not everyone has to major 10． __________ physics，but everyone has to get a chance to play with it，respect the results of science，and get a chance to learn how fun it is．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Tatiana Erukhimova教授与其他人合作制作了一系列视频，这些视频以一种有趣而有深刻见解的方式展示物理在现实世界中的应用，赢得了世界各地粉丝的喜爱。
1．why　[考查名词性从句。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故此处用why引导表语从句。故填why。]
2．are　[考查倒装、动词时态及主谓一致。根据后一句的谓语动词comes可知，该空所在句应用一般现在时。not only位于句首，前面的分句需要倒装，主语是the explanations，谓语用复数。故填are。]
3．enthusiasm　[考查词性转换。根据空前的修饰部分Erukhimova's及空后的系动词is可知应用名词enthusiasm作主语。故填enthusiasm。]
4．to stimulate　[考查非谓语动词。此处用所给动词的不定式作后置定语修饰名词hope。故填to stimulate。]
5．has become　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据空后的时间状语从句“since she was very little”可知用现在完成时，主语为Erukhimova。故填has become。]
6．being offered/having been offered　[考查非谓语动词及语态。空前是介词After，故该空用所给词的动词-ing形式作宾语，且offer与Erukhimova存在动宾关系，故此处用being done形式，或表示动作已经完成用having been done也可以。故填being offered/having been offered。]
7．and　[ 考查固定短语。此处为短语both．．．and．．．，表示“两者都”。故填and。]
8．interested　[考查非谓语动词。此处为“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处为形容词作宾补，修饰人，故用过去分词形式形容词。故填interested。]
9．strongly　[考查词性转换。修饰动词believe，应用副词strongly。故填strongly。]
10．in　[考查介词。短语major in．．．意为“主修……”。故填in。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The basketball court was filled with eager students and cheerleaders were waving their pompoms at the stands．Excited cheers could be heard from all sides of the court．My teammates and I got fully prepared for our basketball competition．Our hearts were pounding in expectation of the competition ahead．
“And let's all welcome the Blue Team！” the emcee (主持人) announced through the microphone．All of us marched in proudly as everyone cheered at the top of their lungs．“And welcome the Red Team！” the emcee announced，and the Red Team came in．We were astonished to see that the Red Team was filled with tall and strong members! We were trembling with fear as we walked slowly toward the centre of the court．As we were short of teammates，our confidence in winning wavered (减弱)．
The judge threw the ball and the other team quickly caught it! The ball danced between their hands．Our defence seemed to be in slow motion compared to the Red Team's swiftness．Soon，the other team scored!
We were losing the match as time passed．To make matters worse，our star player，Tom，even tripped and fell，hurting his ankle! We were losing hope as our best player was gone．Just then，our captain called for a time-out．On the bench，our captain announced that this would be his last match．“Come on! Don't give up! I want to win one last trophy (奖杯) before I quit．Let's do it！” he insisted，giving us a wide smile．Hearing this，our team held our fists tightly．We were focused on winning this match and making our captain proud! The judge threw the ball once more．I jumped as high as I could and caught the ball．I ran as fast as lightning and scored．Our opponents were nervous but they still scored a few goals to catch up．A few minutes later，we were neck to neck，locked in a tie．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Whoever scored this one goal would win the competition! 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The crowd erupted into deafening applause．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
【参考范文】
Whoever scored this one goal would win the competition! With the final seconds ticking down，the crowd's cheers grew louder and louder．Our hearts were thumping in our chests．I could feel the adrenaline pumping through my veins，giving me an extra burst of energy．I tried to get the ball from our opponents but in vain．Just when they let their guard down，our captain quickly joined in and stole the ball．He passed the ball to me and I made my way toward the basket．My heart was pounding as I aimed for the perfect shot．I leaped，released the ball，and watched it soar through the air．An opponent tried to block it but he couldn't touch it and the ball went through the net with a satisfying swish．
The crowd erupted into deafening applause．We had done it! We had won the match! We jumped for joy and whooped．Our captain stood up，his face beaming with pride．He hugged each one of us tightly，congratulating us on our hard-earned victory．Tom limped over，his face lit up with a smile despite his injury．We were all overwhelmed with joy and relief．It was a bittersweet moment as we realized it was our captain's last game，but we were glad that we could give him the win he desired．As we walked off the court，our heads held high，we knew that this was a match we would remember for the rest of our lives．And I've learned from the match that if you are determined to do something，you will manage to achieve it!
25/27课时数智作业(二十)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2024·广东东莞模拟)
The scientist's job is to figure out how the world works，and to “torture (拷问)” nature to reveal her secrets，as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it．But who are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets，or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work It turns out that there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers．
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings—brains，education，culture etc．that makes them capable of doing science at all，” said Colin Allen，a cognitive scientist at Indiana University．
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the creativity to solve them．“Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity，” reads a 2007 report on scientific creativity．“They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake．” Max Planck，one of the fathers of quantum physics，once said，the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imagination，for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论)，but by an artistically creative imagination．”
But others disagree with this universal scientific mind．They believe that scientists have special abilities that set them apart．Discovering these abilities may be hard，Allen thinks，as many scientists will be reluctant to reveal them and would prefer to preserve the mystery of creativity，fearing that if it became an object of study it would lose its magic．
But for Allen，this is all part of a bigger question of what lies behind anyone's behavior．“We are only just beginning to understand the characteristics of organisms，including ourselves，aren't the fixed products of either genes or of environments/culture，but each of us is the product of a continual interactive process in which we help build the environments that in turn shape us，” he said．
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet，we're only going to make limited progress on these questions，” Allen said．
1．Why does the author mention Max Planck in paragraph 3？(　　)
A．To introduce a famous scientist．
B．To stress the role of creativity in science．
C．To compare different views on science．
D．To illustrate what is curiosity in science．
2．What do Allen's words in the last two paragraphs suggest？(　　)
A．Human behavior is changeable and unpredictable．
B．We are passively influenced by our genes and culture．
C．Our interaction with the environment makes us who we are．
D．Current technology has revealed a lot about human behavior．
3．What is Allen's attitude to the current study on the human brain？(　　)
A．Cautious．　　　 B．Indifferent．
C．Approving． D．Pessimistic．
4．What is a suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．Who Are the Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born but Made
C．The Great Mystery: What Makes a Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside a Scientist's Mind
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2025·福建龙岩模拟)
Perseverance: The Key to Success
Perseverance is a vital trait to possess in order to achieve success in any aspect of life． 1 Perseverance involves the ability to face challenges，overcome obstacles，and push through adversity，no matter how difficult they may seem．
One perspective on perseverance is that it is the ability to maintain focus and determination in the face of setbacks． 2 The successful people are the ones who keep moving forward in face of adversity．They understand that success often comes after repeated failure．
Another perspective on perseverance is that it involves having a growth mindset．This means that individuals who possess perseverance are open to new challenges and are not afraid to fail． 3 They understand that each failure brings them one step closer to success，and they keep pushing forward despite setbacks．
4 It also involves having the discipline to do so．This means staying committed to a goal and putting in the necessary time and effort，even when it is not easy．Successful people understand that in order to achieve greatness，sacrifices must be made and hard work must be put in consistently over time．
In conclusion，perseverance is an essential quality to possess in order to achieve the goals we set for ourselves．It involves the ability to persist in the face of adversity，maintain focus and determination，have a growth mindset，and possess the discipline necessary to put in consistent hard work over time． 5
A．With perseverance，anything is possible．
B．Write down your goals to keep them in front of you at all times．
C．It is the quality that drives us to keep going even when it is tough．
D．They view failure as an opportunity to learn rather than a reason to give up．
E．It is important to remember perseverance is not always easy，but it is worth it．
F．Furthermore，perseverance is not just about having the motivation to keep going．
G．In other words，perseverance is about not giving up even when things don't go well．
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2025·河南TOP二十名校模拟)
Of all fields of science，physics has a reputation for being frightening to the general public．That's 1． __________ professor Tatiana Erukhimova worked with others to produce a series of videos showing real-world applications of physics in a fun and insightful way．The videos have earned her fans around the world．
Not only 2． __________ (be) the explanations in every video easy to follow，but Erukhimova's 3． __________ (enthusiastic) is what truly keeps the viewers engaged．Erukhimova's unique teaching method comes from her hope 4． __________ (stimulate) students' interest in physics through demonstrative classes．
Born to physicist parents，Erukhimova 5． __________ (become) attached to the field since she was very little．After 6． __________ (offer) a position at Texas A&M almost 25 years ago，Erukhimova moved from Russia to Texas．Since then，she has won over both university students 7． __________ casual viewers with her particular way of explaining science．
While Erukhimova is aware that people may not learn a lot from watching a short video，getting them 8． __________ (interest) and curious about learning more is all worth it．She said，“I 9． __________ (strong) believe that not everyone has to major 10． __________ physics，but everyone has to get a chance to play with it，respect the results of science，and get a chance to learn how fun it is．”
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The basketball court was filled with eager students and cheerleaders were waving their pompoms at the stands．Excited cheers could be heard from all sides of the court．My teammates and I got fully prepared for our basketball competition．Our hearts were pounding in expectation of the competition ahead．
“And let's all welcome the Blue Team！” the emcee (主持人) announced through the microphone．All of us marched in proudly as everyone cheered at the top of their lungs．“And welcome the Red Team！” the emcee announced，and the Red Team came in．We were astonished to see that the Red Team was filled with tall and strong members! We were trembling with fear as we walked slowly toward the centre of the court．As we were short of teammates，our confidence in winning wavered (减弱)．
The judge threw the ball and the other team quickly caught it! The ball danced between their hands．Our defence seemed to be in slow motion compared to the Red Team's swiftness．Soon，the other team scored!
We were losing the match as time passed．To make matters worse，our star player，Tom，even tripped and fell，hurting his ankle! We were losing hope as our best player was gone．Just then，our captain called for a time-out．On the bench，our captain announced that this would be his last match．“Come on! Don't give up! I want to win one last trophy (奖杯) before I quit．Let's do it！” he insisted，giving us a wide smile．Hearing this，our team held our fists tightly．We were focused on winning this match and making our captain proud! The judge threw the ball once more．I jumped as high as I could and caught the ball．I ran as fast as lightning and scored．Our opponents were nervous but they still scored a few goals to catch up．A few minutes later，we were neck to neck，locked in a tie．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Whoever scored this one goal would win the competition! 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The crowd erupted into deafening applause．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5/5核心 词汇 1．__________ n．职业，事业 2．__________ n．象征，标志 3．__________＝dorm n．寝室，学生宿舍 4．__________ n．极端 5．__________ n．条目 6．__________ vt．毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏 7．__________ vt．不做(本来应做的事)；蹦跳着走 8．__________ adj．戒备的，自卫的 9．__________ n．训练，锻炼 10．__________ n．牺牲 11．__________ adj．无数的，数不尽的 12．__________ vt．租用 13．__________ vi．& vt．(使)沸腾，煮沸 14．__________ adj．巨大的，庞大的 15．__________ adj．& adv．分开；散开 16．__________ n．舞台；月台 17．__________ adj．杰出的，优秀的 18．__________ adj．平庸的，普通的 n．平均水平；平均数 19．__________ n．方式，特点 20．__________ adv．向前 21．__________ vi．突然倒下；倒塌 22．__________ n．相信；信任 23．__________ vt．创立；创建 24．__________ n．标签，标记 vt．贴标签于 25．__________ n．进入许可；入口 26．__________ n．收入；收益
阅读 词汇 1．__________ adj．坚持的；执意的 2．__________ n．宇航员 3．__________ n．百万富翁 4．__________ n．家具 5．__________ adj．杂交的 n．杂交种；混合体 6．__________ n．最少量；最小数；最低限度 7．__________ n．合同；契约 8．__________ n．使人分心的事物 9．strive vi．__________ 10．encyclopaedia n．__________ 11．element n．__________ 12．triathlete n．__________ 13．rugby n．__________ 14．iron n．__________ 15．hammer n．__________ 16．bridal adj．__________
拓展 词汇 1．determined adj．坚定的，坚决的→__________ vt．决定，决心→__________ n．决心；毅力 2．optimistic adj．乐观的，乐观主义的→__________ n．乐观 3．disciplined adj．遵守纪律的→__________ n．自制力 vt．惩罚，处罚 4．committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的→__________ vt．做，犯→__________ n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 5．enthusiastic adj．热心的，热衷的→__________ n．热心→__________ adv．热心地，热衷地 6．ambitious adj．有抱负的，有雄心的→__________ n．雄心，抱负→__________ adv．雄心勃勃地；规模宏大地；艰巨地 7．appreciative adj．感激的→__________ vt．感激；欣赏→__________ n．感激；欣赏 8．injury n．伤， 损害→__________ vi．受伤→__________ adj．受伤的 9．employee n．雇员→__________ vt．雇用→__________ n．雇主 10．comfortably adv．舒服地，舒适地→__________ vt．& n．(使)舒适→__________ adj．舒服的，舒适的 11．ultimate adj．最后的，最终的→__________ adv．最后，最终 12．hunger n．饥饿，饥荒→__________ adj．饿的 13．guilty adj．内疚的，羞愧的→__________ n．内疚，惭愧 14．influential adj．有影响力的→__________ vt．& n．影响 15．devote vt．把……奉献给；专心致力于→__________ adj．全心全意的；忠诚的→__________ n．忠诚；奉献；关爱 16．production n．生产；产量→__________ vt．生产 17．publisher n．出版商→__________ vt．出版 18．reject vt．拒绝接受→__________ n．嫌弃；拒绝接受 19．motivating adj．起激励作用的；激发(人)的→__________ vt．使有动机→__________ n．动力，积极性→__________ adj．积极的，主动的→__________ adj．不积极的，不主动的 20．limit vt．& n．限制，限定→__________ adj．局限的，限制性的→__________ adj．有限的→__________ n．局限性；缺陷 21．distraction n．使人分心的事物→__________ vt．扰乱，使分心→__________ adj．心神不定的，精神无法集中的 22．convince vt．说服；使确信→__________ adj．有说服力的 23．academic adj．学术的→__________ adv．学术上 24．defensive adj．戒备的，自卫的→__________ vt．保卫，捍卫→__________ n．保卫 25．intensity n．强度；强烈→__________ adj．高度的；强烈的；剧烈的；极度的 26．enormous adj．巨大的，庞大的→__________ adv．巨大地，极大地 27．length n．长度→__________ adj．长的→__________ vt．延长；加长；使伸长 28．normal adj．正常的，平常的→__________ adv．正常地，平常 29．recognised adj．公认的；经过检验的→__________ vt．认出，承认→__________ n．认可 30．contribute vi．& vt．增进；捐献；促成→__________ n．贡献 31．retire vi．退休；退职→__________ adj．离职的；退休的→__________ n．退休；离职 32．devotion n．奉献；忠心→__________ vt．投入(时间、金钱、精力等) 33．reference n．推荐信；谈到，提及→__________ vi．提到，谈到 34．faith n．相信；信任→__________ adj．信任的；忠诚的→__________ adv．忠诚地；忠实地；准确地 35．fashion n．时尚→__________ adj．时尚的→__________ adv．时尚地 36．designer n．设计师，设计者→__________ vt．& n．设计 37．bitterly adv．痛苦地；愤恨地→__________ adj．苦的 38．promotion n．提升，晋升→__________ vt．提升；促销
高频 短语 1．turn one's back on．．．__________ 2．be tired of__________ 3．be regarded as__________ 4．a sense of success/achievement__________ 5．get on__________ 6．give away__________ 7．drop out__________ 8．__________归结为；要点是 9．__________ 待在家里 10．__________努力；专心致志于某事 11．__________ 使与众不同 12．__________ 从……退休 13．__________ 有意义；解释得通 14．__________ 致力于
句型 公式 1．He is pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man．(sb．＋be＋adj．＋to do．．．) 他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。 2．What I want is to live simply and be helpful to others．(what引导的主语从句) 我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。 3．I've been reading a book that gives lots of great tips on how to be successful．(“疑问词＋不定式”结构，可以用作主语、宾语和表语) 我最近在读一本书，里面有很多成功秘诀。 4．Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas．(whenever 引导让步状语从句) 每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。 5．It was a kind of satisfaction and a real sense of success that I had never felt before．(强调句型) 这是一种我以前从未感受过的满足感和真正的成功感。 6．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．(not．．．but．．．) 衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。 7．I could have become angry or defensive．(could have done) 我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。 8．I have always lived my life to extremes．Call it unhealthy if you want，but that is the way I roll，no matter what it is I'm applying myself to．(“no matter＋疑问词”结构，引导让步状语从句) 生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
Tom，who is of average height，is a teacher who is optimistic，persistent，enthusiastic as well as committed to his job．When he was a student，he was ambitious and 1．__________ (dream) of becoming an astronaut．2．__________，as he grew up，he was ultimately determined to become a teacher and devote himself to 3．__________ (teach)，because he appreciated his teacher's commitment to the teaching career．
Now，he is a volunteer teacher in a small village，convincing more people 4．__________ (have) faith in the power of 5．__________ (educate)．Tom has been striving to achieve his goal，6．__________ is influential．Because of his effective teaching style，7．__________ is normal for students in the village school to 8．__________ (discipline) and not to drop out of school．All the villagers are 9．__________ (appreciate) of his devotion for their children's enormous academic progress．
With reference to him，we can boil down to the conclusion that Tom is an outstanding and motivating teacher，applying himself to training more useful young people for 10．__________ (we) country without considering his income．He has contributed to many students' getting on in the future．
1．committed adj．坚定的；尽心尽力的
①(人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1)A talented scientist well known for his commitment to his country，Huang Danian __________ (commit) himself to his research in geophysics．
②The professor loved his career and was committed __________ it all his life．
③They were reluctant to commit themselves to __________ (give) an opinion．
　完成句子
大多数教授都致力于教学和研究。
Professors，for the most part，__________________________ as well as research．
◎commit vt．犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等) vi．全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；忠于(某个人、机构等)
◎be committed to (doing) sth．/commit oneself to (doing) sth．致力于(做)某事
◎commitment n．投入；花费；奉献；承诺
◎make a commitment to (do/doing) sth．保证/承诺(做)某事
◎(2024·浙江1月卷)All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about，let alone commit to memory．
所有不同的走廊和房间都让人难以想象，更不用说牢牢记住了。
2．devote vt．把……奉献给；专心致力于
①It was his _______________________ (devote) and contribution that motivated me greatly．
②(人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit 5)Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，__________ whom he has devoted his life．
③All in all，it is high time that we devoted ourselves to __________ (protect) the ocean．To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves．
④With all her time __________ (devote) to the experiments，she has no time for housework．
　应用文写作之人物介绍
他决定把余生献给科学研究。
He decided __________________________________ scientific investigation．
◎devote．．．to (doing) sth．把……用于(做)某事
◎devote oneself to＝be devoted to献身于；致力于
◎devoted adj．忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的
◎devotion n．奉献；关爱
◎(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)People approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
人们在阅读数字文本时，往往抱着一种适合社交媒体的心态，这种心态往往不那么严肃，而且比阅读印刷品时投入的精力更少。
3．limit vt．& n．[课本义]限制，限定　[增补义]n．限量；界限，范围
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)A committee was established __________ (limit) damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics．
②There is a limit to one's life，but no limit to __________ (serve) the people．
③Families are __________ (limit) to four free tickets each．
　完成句子
当你在这条路上行驶时，你必须将车速限制在每小时60英里以内。
When you are driving on this road，you must ______________________________．
◎set a limit to限制……
◎within the limits of限定在……(范围内)
◎There is a/no limit to．．．……是有限的/无限的。
◎limit．．．to．．．把……限定在……范围内
◎limited adj．有限的
◎limitless adj．无限制的
◎limitation n．缺陷；局限性
◎(2024·北京卷)This time around，I can accept my limitations but keep going．
这一次，我可以接受自己的局限，但继续前进。
4．convince vt．说服；使确信
①(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 3)Great to hear you're coming to the US! I hope I can convince you __________ (stop) by and visit us in New York．
②It took us several hours to make the old man __________ (convince) of the safety of travelling by air．
③You need to convince them __________ the information．
　读后续写之主旨升华
我坚信，有志者事竟成。
I __________________________________ that where there is a will，there is a way．
◎convince sb．of sth．使某人相信某事
◎convince sb．to do sth．说服某人做某事
◎be convinced of/that．．．相信……
◎I don't believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to convince me．
我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明它，或许会把我说服。
5．ruin [课本义]vt．毁掉，糟蹋，毁坏　[增补义]n．废墟；毁灭
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 4)After the war，the kingdom was left in __________ (ruin)，with all of its defence completely destroyed．
②The constant rain caused damage to the old building __________ (ruin) its base all the time．
　句式升级
(普通表达)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday．
(高级表达)The heavy rain lasted two weeks，______________________．(非谓语动词作状语)
◎in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪；严重受损
◎ruin one's hope/chance毁掉某人的希望/机会
◎ruin oneself自我毁灭
◎When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighbourhood in ruins．
第二天，当他们回到洛基韦时，发现他们家附近已经成了废墟。
6．average [课本义]adj．平庸的，普通的 n．平均水平；平均数　[增补义]vt．平均为
①(外研版必修第三册Unit 6)__________ average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees，so over 30 is not usual for London．
②__________ average，boys like playing football better than girls．
③He is working hard and his grades are __________ average in his class．
④__________ average of ten students haven't passed the exam in each class．
　一句多译
父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为220美元。
①Parents spend __________ $220 on toys for children every year．
②Parents spend $220 on toys __________ for children every year．
◎on average平均
◎above average高于平均水平
◎below average低于平均水平
◎an average of．．．平均有……(后跟数词)
◎the average of．．．……的平均数
◎She runs on average about 15 miles a day every day，whatever the circumstances，whatever the weather．
她坚持每天平均跑15英里左右，不论什么情况，不论什么天气。
7．recognised adj．公认的；经过检验的
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 1)In time，he gained __________ (recognise) as one of the greatest artists China has ever known．
②The outstanding entrepreneur is a well __________ (recognise) successful person in the world．
③Huang Danian was recognised __________ one of the world's leading experts in deep earth exploration technology．
　应用文写作之人物介绍
人们公认他是一位纪律严明、兢兢业业的宇航员。
_______________________________ he is a disciplined and committed astronaut．
◎recognise vt．认出；认可；承认
◎recognise sb．/one's voice认出某人/听出某人的声音
◎be recognised as/to be．．．被认作……/被认为是……
◎It is recognised that．．．人们公认……
◎recognition n．认出；认识
◎beyond recognition认不出来；面目全非
◎It is recognised that our thoughts greatly influence our mood and level of well-being．
人们公认思考很大程度上影响了我们的情绪和快乐水平，这点已经得到证实。
8．contribute vi．& vt．增进；捐献；促成
①(人教版必修第二册Unit 1)Why do you think so many countries __________ (contribute) funds and offered help to the Egyptian project
②Apart from money，people contributed food and clothes __________ the disaster area．
③With determination and devotion，everyone can make a __________ (contribute) to the development of society．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
我相信，我们每个人都可以为世界的未来做出贡献。
I believe that each of us can __________________________________________．
◎contribute sth．to．．．把某物捐献给……
◎contribute to有助于；导致；投稿；对……做贡献
◎contribution n．捐献；贡献；稿件
◎make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
◎We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion．
我们希望大家都能参与讨论。
9．make sense [课本义]有意义；解释得通　[增补义]合乎情理；表述清楚；易于理解
①(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 5)The poems may not make __________ (sensible) and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite．
②I can't make sense __________ this poem，but perhaps I will，if I read it again．
③In __________ sense，students today respond badly to traditional methods of teaching．
　完成句子
从某种意义上说，《青年杂志》是一位帮助我提高英语水平的好老师。
_________________________________________，Youth is a good teacher that helps me to improve my English．
◎make sense of．．．弄懂……
◎make no sense没有意义
◎in a sense从某种意义上说
◎in no sense决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
◎there's no sense in doing sth．做某事是没有道理/意义的
◎Provided you didn't try to make sense of it，it sounded beautiful．
只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。
10．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)The bookstore，which was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood，was a place where anyone could drop __________ and connect through their love of books．
②Gradually his strength failed and he dropped __________ in the race．
③My friend David fell down near the finishing line and injured his right leg．As a consequence，he had to drop __________．
④One day，the poor man dropped in __________ a wise old man and asked him for advice about changing his life．
　完成句子
在几百千米的行军中，没有一个人掉队。
In a long march of several hundred kilometres，_______________________________．
◎drop out (of sth．)退出(某事)；不再参加
◎drop back/behind后退；落后
◎drop off打盹儿；小睡；减少；下降
◎drop in on sb．顺便拜访某人
◎drop in at sp．顺便到访某地
◎Research suggests that children whose parents split up are more likely to drop out of high school．
研究显示父母离异的孩子更有可能在中学辍学。
11．[教材原句]He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing．(while连接并列句)
他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活，在很多人一无所有的时候自己拥有一切。
①(外研版选择性必修第二册Unit 3)__________ all this was going on，a journalist was taking photos．
②Americans are still texting while __________ (drive)，as well as using social networks and taking photos．
③The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients，__________ a cheater might use it to control potential victims．
　完成句子
有些运动通常在室内进行，而另一些则在室外进行。
Some sports are usually done indoors，________________________________．
◎while作并列连词时，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”；
◎while引导让步状语从句时，表示“尽管；虽然”；
◎while作从属连词时，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
◎(2024·北京卷)The approval of others is rewarding，while their disapproval is strongly disliked．
其他人的赞同是有益的，但他们的反对则是非常不受欢迎的。
12．[教材原句]Whenever he had more than two thousand dollars，he would give away small bank notes to homeless people in the streets of local areas．(whenever引导让步状语从句)
每当他的钱超过两千美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。
①She asks my teachers how I'm doing at school __________ she can．
②__________ you do，if you want to become great at it，you need to work day in and day out．
③_________________ breaks the law will be punished．
　完成句子
每当我们遇到困难，他们都会来帮助我们。
________________________________________________，they came to help us．
◎“疑问代词＋ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句。引导让步状语从句时相当于“no matter＋疑问代词”。
◎“no matter＋疑问代词”只能引导让步状语从句。
◎(2024·全国甲卷)Eat with others whenever possible．
只要有可能就和别人一起吃饭。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Tony is __________ to selling the products，because he has made a strong __________ to his boss．(commit)
2．All of the soldiers were __________ of the medical workers and they wrote a letter of __________ to __________ their generous assistance．(appreciate)
3．The __________ refused to __________ the young woman as an __________ in his factory，but he offered her a part-time __________ in the Internet shop．(employ)
4．(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 2) The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special，and they broke into __________ (enthusiasm) cheers at the end of the symphony．
5．(外研版必修第三册Unit 2) He was __________ (determine) to help other children have clean water．
6．(外研版选择性必修第四册Unit 4) However，some people are less __________ (optimism)，and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement．
7．(人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) In addition，the __________ (ambition) “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country．
8．(译林版选择性必修第三册Unit 3) Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged，and he is remembered as one of China's most __________ (influence) explorers．
9．No．9 High School is one of those that have gone to great __________ (long) to protect students' eyes，coming up with many effective solutions．
10．(人教版必修第三册Unit 2)Feeling hurt by the __________ (reject)，she bit her lip and quietly walked away．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．contract
A．n．合同；契约　B．vt．(使)收缩　C．vt．患上，感染(疾病)　D．vt．与……订立合同
(1)In spoken English，“do not” often contracts to “don't”． __________
(2)Our company was contracted to build shelters for the homeless． __________
(3)Don't sign/enter into any contract before examining its conditions carefully．
__________
(4)He contracted malaria while he was travelling． __________
2．skip
A．vt．蹦跳着走　B．vt．快速转移　C．vt．不做(本来应做的事)　D．vi．(扔石块)打水漂　E．vt．跳过，略过
(1)The teacher kept skipping from one subject to another so it was difficult to follow what he was saying． __________
(2)She watched her little granddaughter skip down the path． __________
(3)I'm trying to lose weight，so I'm skipping lunch today． __________
(4)(2023·浙江1月卷)Two hard workout days every week is enough．If you really hate to skip a day，you can plan easy exercises on other days． __________
(5)We watched a child skipping stones across the lake． __________
3．(2023·全国甲卷)And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label on it． __________
A．n．标签
B．n．称号；绰号
C．vt．贴标签于
4．Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape．
__________
A．n．进入
B．n．入口处
C．n．参赛作品
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．然而，格林先生不高兴看到她花很多钱。(sb．＋be＋adj．＋to do．．．)
However，___________________________________ her spend much money．
2．每当她买了一件东西，他都会抱怨。
(1)______________________________________，he would complain about it．
(2)________________________________________，he would complain about it．
3．使我兴奋的是我在国际比赛中获得了第一名。
(1)_______________________ was to win first prize in the international competition．
(2)_________________________I won first prize in the international competition．
假定你是李华，你将参加校英文报举办的主题为“The Scientist I Admire Most”的演讲比赛，请写一篇演讲稿参赛。
　写作微练
①我最钦佩的科学家是屠呦呦，因为她在医学领域的贡献而被授予中华人民共和国勋章。(contribution)
___________________________________ is Tu Youyou．She was awarded the Medal of the People's Republic of China for __________________ the field of medicine．
②屠呦呦是一位非凡的科学家。她一直致力于学术研究。(commit)
Tu Youyou is an extraordinary scientist．She _______________________________．
③人们公认她在与疟疾(Malaria)的斗争中发挥了至关重要的作用。
It is recognised that she ______________________________ the fight against Malaria．
④这些年来，除了她的无私和勇气，她的奉献和决心也赢得了人们的尊重。(apart from；devotion)
___________________________________________________ these years．
⑤毫无疑问，她不仅致力于自己的事业，而且还经常锻炼身体。
There is no doubt that __________________________________ but she also works out regularly to build up her body．
⑥她是医学界的杰出人物。我们深信她的贡献将有助于拯救更多的生命。
She is _____________________________________．We are greatly convinced that her contribution will _____________________________________ in the future．
　句式升级
⑦将①改为who引导的定语从句
____________________________________________________________________
⑧用定语从句改写句②
_____________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 动作描写：reject；devote；drop out；convince；strive；ruin；skip；retire from；collapse；label；get on；limit；hire；stay in；set sb．/sth．apart
人物描写：persistent；determined；optimistic；committed；enthusiastic；ambitious；appreciative；career；cooperation；comfortably；appreciate；hunger；motivating；defensive；injured；influential；selfish；outstanding；average；recognised；faith；discipline；guilty
美句 1．This worried me a lot and I felt very guilty being a rich man without doing anything． 2．But I think my sense of achievement comes from helping others and finding true meaning in life． 3．Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life．
拓展 语料 单词 regret v．& n．懊悔，惋惜→regretful adj．后悔的，遗憾的 guilt n．内疚→guilty adj．内疚的→guiltily adv．内疚地
语块 to one's great regret/much to one's regret 令某人深感遗憾的是；with deep/great regret很遗憾；be full of guilt/be filled with guilt/be consumed with guilt/be overcome by guilt满心愧疚；a feeling of guilt内疚感；have guilt written all over one's face满脸内疚；with a guilty look on one's face 脸上露出惭愧的表情；drown in feelings of guilt 沉浸在内疚感之中
句型 1．I stood there，with regretful tears in my eyes．(with的复合结构) 我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。 2．On hearing the bad news，she felt extremely guilty．(on doing．．．) 听到这个坏消息，她感到非常内疚。 3．With guilt and regret flowing in my mind，I rose to my feet，rushed out and apologised to her．(with的复合结构；动作链描写) 我心里充满了内疚和悔恨，我站起来，冲出去向她道歉。
　语料运用
①绝望而无助，我瘫倒在地，悔恨的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(形容词短语作状语；独立主格)
__________________________________________，I collapsed in a heap on the ground，___________________________________________________________．
②由于拒绝了热情乐观的班长的建议，我在期末考试中失败了。
____________________________________，I failed the end-of-term examination．
③就在那个时候，我的班长走过来对我说：“只要你致力于自己的目标，我深信你迟早会成功的。”
It was at that time that my monitor approached me，saying，“As long as ________________________________，I am greatly convinced that you can make it sooner or later．”
④脸上带着愧疚的神情，我喃喃地说：“我会坚持不懈、坚定意志，直到成功。我真诚地感谢你的慷慨帮助。” (with的复合结构)
___________________________________________，I murmured，“I will be persistent and determined until I succeed．I am sincerely appreciative of your generous help．”
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