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Unit 1 Water预习知识清单
内容提要：
词汇用法、词汇变换、词组搭配、
单元语法讲解、书面表达写作指导
一、词汇用法解释
supply：作动词时，意为 “供给”。作名词时，表示 “供应；供给”。
例如 “I’ll continue to supply if you keep me clean, not running dry!”；
research：作动词和名词，均表示 “研究；探讨；调查”。
例如 “I’ll start researching right away!” 。（start doing sth.)
agree：动词，意为 “同意；赞同”。
常见搭配有 “agree with sb.”（同意某人的观点） ，如 “I couldn’t agree more.”
spread：动词，“传播” 的意思。
例如 “We should also spread the ideas to everyone.”
litre (n.) 升，单位，通常用于衡量液体的体积。(可数名词，当数值大于1是，要用复数litres)
例句：We need five litres of water to fill the tank.
salty (adj.) 含盐的；咸的
例句：The ocean water is salty.
billion (n.) 十亿(和数词连用时，不能加s)
例句：The world's population has reached over seven billion people.
treatment (n.) 处理，治疗
例句：Water treatment is essential for safe drinking water.
be essential for sth.对……至关重要
wastewater (n.) 废水
例句：The factory released wastewater into the river.
desert (n.) 沙漠
例句：Many plants in the desert store water to survive.
precious (adj.) 宝贵的；珍贵的
例句：Water is a precious resource in many parts of the world.
mud (n.) 泥；淤泥
例句：The mud on the road made it hard to walk.
shoulder (n.) 肩膀
例句：He carried the water container on his shoulder.
二、词性变换
salty（形容词，含盐的；咸的）→salt（名词，盐）
例句：This dish is not salty enough. Salt dissolves in water.
wastewater（名词，废水）→waste（动词，浪费；名词，废物） + water（名词，水）
例句：How can we treat wastewater
treatment（名词，处理；加工）→treat（动词，处理；对待）
例句：He had to go to hospital for treatment.
We treat boys exactly the same as girls.
limited（形容词，有限的）→limit（动词 / 名词，限制）
例句：Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。
The road has a 30 mph speed limit. 这条公路限定时速30英里。
rest (n.休息) → restful (adj.休息的，宁静的)
例句：Let's rest under yonder tree.我们在那边的树下休息吧。
This is a peaceful and restful place.这是一个宁静的休息地方。
research (n.研究、探索) → researcher (n.) 研究人员
例句：I'm doing some research on the subject. 我正就这一课题进行研究。
The researcher studied the water cycle for several years.
研究人员研究了好几年的水循环。
clean (v.清洁，清理） → cleaning (n.) /'kli:n / - 清洁
例句：I need to change and clean up.我需要换洗一下。
She did the cleaning after the class ended.下课后她打扫卫生。
pour (v.倾倒，倒出) → pouring (n.) 倾泻
例句：I pour some milk into a glass.我往杯子里倒进一些牛奶。
The pouring rain made it difficult to go outside.倾盆大雨使人们很难出门。
carefully (adv.仔细地) → careful (adj.) - 小心的
例句：He folded the paper carefully.他小心地把那张纸折起来。
Be careful when you pour the water.倒水的时候要小心。
三、词汇搭配
set off：出发；动身；启程；
例如 ：Then I set off for the toba, the water hole.
take in：吸收；摄入。
课文例句：How much water do we need to take in every day
表示 “我们每天需要摄入多少水？”
lock up：锁住；监禁；
课文例句： the other...is locked up in ice or deep underground
表示 “其余的…… 被锁在冰中或深埋地下”
make do with：将就；凑合着用；
例如 ：Without enough water to...herself, she has to make do with very little.
save water ：节约用水
例句：It’s important to save water every day.
water supply： 水源供应
例句：The water supply in the city is running low.
water treatment ：水处理
例句：The water treatment plant cleans wastewater before it is released.
waste water： 废水
例句：Factories often release waste water into rivers.
precious resource ：宝贵的资源
例句：Freshwater is a precious resource in many countries.
water pollution ：水污染
例句：Water pollution affects both humans and wildlife.
clean up ：清理
例句：We need to clean up the park after the event.
四、单元语法与重要句型句式分析
（一）时间状语从句
定义：通常由连接词 / 短语如 when, as, before, until, as soon as 等引导，不能独立存在，必须和主句一起构成复合句。
用法及例句
表示在某个时间点 / 之前 / 之后发生的动作或状态
例如 ：The sky was grey when I woke up. 我醒来时天空是灰色的。
We must take action to protect water before it’s too late.
我们必须采取行动保护水资源，以免为时过晚。
表示某种情形 / 动作持续一段时间，或伴随其他情形 / 动作一起发生。
例如： Mum used to bathe my sister and me with only one cup of water when we were small.
当我们还小的时候，妈妈只用一杯水给我和妹妹洗澡。
表示某件事发生于另一件事的进程中或某时间段中。
例如： As the water quietly disappeared with the hot desert wind, we also prepared to leave the toba and move on.随着炎热的沙漠风，水悄悄地消失了，我们也准备离开多巴继续前进。
表示两件事一起或同时发生。
例如 ：My mother got breakfast ready while the robot cleaner cleaned the floor.
当机器人清洁工打扫地板时，我妈妈准备好了早餐。
表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
例如： I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.我一到就给你打电话。
注意事项：当谈论未来即将发生的事件或动作时，时间状语从句用一般现在时，而非将来时，如 “We will have about a month before it dries up.”
（二）重要句型句式
“the + 比较级...，the + 比较级...” 结构：表示 “越……，越……”
例如 ：The more water we use, the more energy and chemicals are needed for wastewater treatment.我们使用的水越多，废水处理所需的能源和化学品就越多。
现在分词作伴随状语：分词结构作为独立于句子主体结构之外的附加成分，表示伴随动作。例如 “Rubbing my eyes, I get up and tie a piece of soap into the corner of my clothes.” ，“rubbing my eyes” 伴随 “get up” 发生 。
五、单元书面表达写作指导
（一）词汇搭配
表示 “保护水”：protect water；save water
表示 “提高意识”：raise awareness of
表示 “采取行动”：take action
表示 “传播想法”：spread ideas
（二）句式
时间状语从句：When we use water, we should be careful not to waste it.
“the + 比较级...，the + 比较级...” 结构：The more we protect water, the better our life will be.
提出建议的句式：We should...；It’s a good idea to...
（三）写作结构
开头：点明水的重要性以及当前水资源面临的问题。例如 “Water is one of the most important things in our life. However, clean fresh water is becoming less and less, so we must take action to protect it.”
中间：具体阐述保护水的措施，可以从日常生活中的小事、学校或社区的行动等方面展开，分点论述。例如 “In our daily life, we can turn off the tap in time... At school, we can organize some activities to raise students’ awareness of water protection...”
结尾：总结呼吁大家一起保护水。例如 “Let’s work together to protect water and make our world a better place.”
（四）参考范文
Protecting Water
Water is one of the most important things in our life. Without water, there would be no life on the Earth. However, clean fresh water is becoming less and less, so we must take action to protect it.
In our daily life, we can do many things to save water. For example, we should turn off the tap while soaping our hands. We can also use rainwater to water the plants. At school, we can organize some activities to raise students’ awareness of water protection, like putting up signs or showing videos about water protection.
What’s more, we should spread the ideas of water protection to everyone around us. The more people know the importance of water protection, the more efforts they will make.
Let’s work together to protect water and make our world a better place.

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