Unit 4 Then and now知识清单(含写作指导))【沪教版(五四学制)(2024)八上英语】

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Unit 4 Then and now知识清单(含写作指导))【沪教版(五四学制)(2024)八上英语】

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Unit 4 Then and now知识清单
内容提要:重要词汇用法学习、词组搭配及句式、语法精讲(让步状语从句)、写作指导(词汇+高分句式+范文)
一、A Cities then and now 模块
(一)重要词汇
memory:/ mem ri/,n. 记忆。
例句:The old photo brought back many sweet memories.
(这张老照片唤起了许多甜蜜的回忆。)
seldom:/ seld m/,adv. 不常;很少;难得。
例句:He seldom goes out at night.(他晚上很少出门。)
nowadays:/ na de z/,adv. 现今;现在;目前。
例句:Nowadays, people rely a lot on smartphones.
(如今,人们在很大程度上依赖智能手机。)
truck:/tr k/,n. 卡车;货运汽车。
例句:The truck is carrying a lot of goods.(这辆卡车装载着许多货物。)
wide:/wa d/,adj. 宽的;宽阔的。
例句:The river is very wide here.(这条河在这里很宽。)
modern:/ m dn/,adj. 现代的;近代的。
例句:This city has many modern buildings.(这座城市有许多现代化的建筑。)
highway:/ ha we /,n. 公路。
例句:We drove on the highway for hours.(我们在公路上行驶了好几个小时。)
stay:/ste /,n. 停留;逗留(时间) 。
例句:I had a pleasant stay in that hotel.
(我在那家酒店度过了一段愉快的时光。)
(二)用法、搭配与句型句式
used to do sth.:过去常常做某事。
例句:Transport used to be very slow and difficult in the past.
(过去,交通常常非常缓慢且困难。)
compare...with...:把…… 与…… 作比较。
例句:Compare the photos on the left with those on the right.
(把左边的照片和右边的照片作比较。)
make... + adj./n.:使…… 变得……。
例句:High mountains and wide rivers made the city difficult to get to.
(高山和宽阔的河流使得这座城市很难到达。)
二、B Old things from old days 模块
(一)重要词汇
tape:/te p/,n. 磁带;录像带。
例句:She still keeps some old cassette tapes.
(她还保留着一些旧的盒式磁带。)
player:/ ple (r)/,n. 播放机。
例句:I need a new CD player.(我需要一台新的 CD 播放机。)
inside:/ n sa d/,prep. 在(或向)…… 内;在(或向)…… 里。
例句:Put the tape inside the machine.(把磁带放进机器里。)
any more:(常用于否定句和疑问句句末)再也(不),(不)再。
例句:My cassette player doesn’t work any more.
(我的磁带播放机再也不能用了。)
borrow:/ b r /,v. 借;借用。
例句:Can I borrow your book (我可以借你的书吗?)
imagine:/ m d n/,v. 想象;设想。
例句:You can’t imagine how different it was.(你无法想象它曾经有多么不同。)
roll:/r l/,n. 卷;卷轴。
例句:They found a roll of film in the attic.(他们在阁楼里发现了一卷胶卷。)
record:/ rek d/,n. 唱片;/r k d/,v. 记录。
例句:This old record player belongs to my great - grandma.(作名词)
(这台旧唱片机是我曾祖母的。);
She records everything that happens to her in her diary.(做动词)
(她把发生在自己身上的每件事都记录在日记里。)
business:/ b zn s/,n. 公司;商业。
例句:The phone book had names, addresses and phone numbers of people and businesses.(电话簿里有个人和公司的姓名、地址和电话号码。)
except:/ k sept/,prep. 除…… 之外。
例句:Everyone in the family watches the film except Harry.
(除了哈利,家里每个人都看了这部电影。)
belong:/b l /,v. 应在(某处);belong to sb. 属于某人;归某人所有。
例句:This old record player belongs to my great - grandma.
(这台旧唱片机属于我曾祖母。)
(二)用法、搭配与句型句式
It seems like...:看起来好像……。
例句:It seems like only yesterday that I bought my first cassette!(我买第一盘磁带好像就在昨天!)
三、C A page of history 模块
(一)重要词汇
century:/ sent ri/,n. 世纪;百年。
例句:Life in 19th-century Britain was very different.
(19 世纪英国的生活非常不同。)
worst:/w st/,adj. 最差的;最坏的;最糟的。
例句:This is the worst living condition I’ve ever seen.
(这是我见过的最差的生活条件。)
industry:/ nd stri/,n. 工业。
例句:The development of industry caused many problems.
(工业的发展引发了许多问题。)
progress:/ pr ɡres/,n. 进步;进展;/pr ɡres/,v. 前进;进步。
例句:Great progress has been made in transportation.(作名词)
(交通领域取得了巨大的进步。);
He is progressing in his study.(做动词)(他在学习上取得了进步。)
ordinary:/ dnri/,adj. 普通的;平凡的。
例句:Ordinary people lived a hard life in the past.(过去普通人生活很艰难。)
dramatically:/dr m t kli/,adv. 突然地;巨大地;令人吃惊地。
例句:Life has changed dramatically over the years.
(这些年来生活发生了巨大的变化。)
rarely:/ re li/,adv. 罕有;很少;不常。
例句:People rarely travelled by air many years ago.
(很多年前人们很少乘飞机旅行。)
decade:/ deke d/,n. 十年。
例句:Great changes have taken place in the past decade.
(在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。)
development:/d vel pm nt/,n. 发展;成长;壮大;develop,v.(使)成长,发展,壮大。
例句:The development of the city is very fast.(这座城市的发展非常迅速。);
The company has developed a new product.(这家公司开发了一种新产品。)
condition:/k n d n/,n. 状况;状态;living conditions 生活条件。
例句:Their living conditions were unpleasant in the 19th century.
(19 世纪他们的生活条件很糟糕。)
major:/ me d (r)/,adj. 主要的;重要的。
例句:There were major changes in transportation.(交通方面有了重大变化。)
growth:/ɡr θ/,n. 增长。
例句:The growth of the economy is very important.(经济增长非常重要。)
countryside:/ k ntrisa d/,n. 乡村;农村。
例句:Life in the countryside was quiet in the past.(过去农村的生活很宁静。)
although:/ l /,conj. 虽然;尽管。
例句:Although there were more new chances in the city, living conditions there were unpleasant for most people.(虽然城市里有更多的新机会,但对大多数人来说那里的生活条件很糟糕。)
unpleasant:/ n pleznt/,adj. 令人不快的;不舒服的。
例句:The air was unpleasant in the 19th-century Britain.
(19 世纪英国的空气令人不适。)
large:/lɑ d /,adj. 大的;大规模的;大量的。
例句:There were large factories in the city.(城市里有大型工厂。)
bath:/bɑ θ/,n. 浴缸;洗澡。
例句:He took a bath every day.(他每天都洗澡。)
extremely:/ k stri mli/,adv. 极其;非常。
例句:The streets were extremely dirty.(街道极其脏乱。)
smelly:/ smeli/,adj. 有难闻气味的。
例句:The rivers were smelly because of pollution.
(由于污染,河流有难闻的气味。)
education:/ ed u ke n/,n. 教育。
例句:Education was not available for many children in the past.
(过去很多孩子没有受教育的机会。)
foreign:/ f r n/,adj. 外国的。
例句:Learning a foreign language is very important.
(学习一门外语非常重要。)
mine:/ma n/,n. 矿井;矿。
例句:Many people worked in the mines in the past.(过去很多人在矿井工作。)
result in:造成;导致。
例句:Pollution results in many environmental problems.
(污染导致了许多环境问题。)
severe:/s v (r)/,adj. 极为恶劣的;
例句:They faced severe living conditions.(他们面临着极为恶劣的生活条件。)
punish:/ p n /,v. 处罚;惩罚;punishment,n. 惩罚;处罚。
例句:He was punished for his mistake.(他因犯错受到了惩罚。);
The punishment was very severe.(惩罚非常严厉。)
(二)用法、搭配与句型句式
What do you think of... :你认为…… 怎么样?
例句:What do you think of the words of Charles Dickens on the life of 19th-century Britain (你认为查尔斯 狄更斯关于 19 世纪英国生活的描述怎么样?)
四、语法:让步状语从句
(一)用法
连接句子:用 although 和 though 将两个句子合并成一句。
例句:She spends a lot on stamps. She does not have much money.
→ She spends a lot on stamps although/though she does not have much money.
→ Although/Though she does not have much money, she spends a lot on stamps.(她在邮票上花很多钱。她没有很多钱。→ 她虽然没有很多钱,但在邮票上花很多钱。)
表达对立意思:用于表达对立的意思。
例句:Though the robot cleaner is quite useful, it makes a lot of noise.
(虽然扫地机器人很有用,但它噪音很大。);
The dictionary is heavy to carry around although it is easy to read.
(这本字典虽然读起来很容易,但携带起来很重。)
表达出乎意料情况:用于表达出乎意料的情况。
例句:This pocket watch still works well though it looks very old.
(这块怀表虽然看起来很旧,但仍然走得很好。);
Although he said he no longer needed the old watch, he took it with him everywhere.(虽然他说不再需要那块旧手表,但他走到哪里都带着它。)
(二)位置与标点
让步状语从句出现在主句前或主句后。当让步状语从句出现在句首时,通常用逗号(, )将其与主句隔开。
例句:Although it’s a very old radio, it still works well.
(虽然这是一台很旧的收音机,但它仍然工作得很好。);
This pocket watch works well although/though it looks old.
(这块怀表虽然看起来旧,但走得很好。)
五、单元写作指导
(一)必备词汇词组
used to do sth.:过去常常做某事
compare...with...:把…… 与…… 作比较
make... + adj./n.:使…… 变得……
in the past:在过去
nowadays:现今;现在;目前
living conditions:生活条件
make progress:取得进步
result in:造成;导致
belong to:属于
take a bath:洗澡
(二)高分句型句式
used to do sth. 与现在情况对比:People used to... But nowadays,...(人们过去常常…… 但如今……)
although/though 引导的让步状语从句:Although/Though...,....(虽然……,但是……)
It seems like...:It seems like only yesterday that...(好像就在昨天……)
What do you think of... :What do you think of the changes in... (你认为…… 的变化怎么样?)
with the development of...:With the development of...,....(随着…… 的发展,……)
(三)参考范文
The Changes of Our Hometown
Our hometown has changed a lot over the years. In the past, it used to be a small and quiet town. The roads were narrow, and there were only a few low buildings. People lived in old houses, and the living conditions were not very good. They seldom had modern conveniences like computers or air conditioners.
Nowadays, with the development of the economy, great changes have taken place. Wide roads and modern buildings can be seen everywhere. Many high - rise buildings stand tall in the city center. People live in comfortable apartments with all kinds of modern facilities. The transportation has also improved a lot. There are more buses, subways, and private cars, making it easier for people to travel.
Although the town has become more modern and convenient, I still remember the good old days. It seems like only yesterday that I played with my friends on the narrow streets. What do you think of the changes in my hometown

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