资源简介

主题语境--人与自我
第三练 七选五Passage9-12
突破练-保分必拿 限时：18 分钟
Passage9 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活方式 词数：约220
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 1 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
2 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 3 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 4 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 5 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
Passage10 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活 词数：约260
I’m a hiker - " born to hike", as my husband likes to joke. It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail, especially when I'm alone and can let my mind wander where it will. The experience of hiking is unique, research suggests, conveying benefits beyond what you receive from typical exercise. Hiking in nature is not only good for our bodies, but also good for our moods, our minds, and our relationships. 1
Hiking keeps your mind sharper than many other forms of exercise. 2 But research suggests that hiking doesn't just make you feel good, it might also keep your brain in top shape.
3 Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress. But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you that dose of nature you need to stay happy.
Hiking can increase our creativity. I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions. 4 Studies have found connections between creative thinking and nature experiences, too.
Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world. Besides being good for us, hiking may also help the world around us. After all, if we can walk and cover longer distances, we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. 5 It increases our connection with nature. Developing a positive relationship with the natural world can help us to care about its fate, making us more committed to conservation efforts.
A. Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy.
B. Hiking and writing have strong connections.
C. Beyond that, hiking benefits our planet indirectly.
D. Here is what science is saying about the benefits of hiking.
E. In fact, I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail.
F. This all goes to show that hiking may be one of the best ways to move your body.
G. Being a professional writer, I sometimes have trouble taking the time to hike in the middle of my workday.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：17 分钟
Passage11 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--日常生活 词数：约235
Houseplants are common in many homes, but they take quite a lot of love and care to grow successfully. 1 However, you can take steps to become a better caregiver.
If you're new to growing plants, start with something that's easy to grow. If you choose a desert cactus (仙人掌) as your starter plant, that's fine. 2 That you see a particular species everywhere doesn't mean it's an easy plant to grow. It may be everywhere because it's easy to reproduce in a greenhouse, not at home. Some houseplants that are easy to care for include sweet flag, bamboo, spider plants, etc.
3 With too little light, plants will produce small-sized leaves and become leggy. And too much light can result in plants with burn marks and dry leaves. Therefore, you should know what plants need what light and ensure them the right light.
Plants also need water to grow. The amount of water plants need depends on the type of the plant.Understanding what each plant needs will help you water it properly. 4 Even the same species in the same situation in different pots may need water at different times. Treat each plant as an individual.
And don't forget fertilizer (肥料). It's important for the growth and development of the plants. Too much fertilizer can result in slow growth and plants just stop growing and start declining if they don't get enough nutrients. 5
A. Avoid trying to water plants on a strict schedule.
B. Sunlight is the fundamental source of energy on Earth.
C. Unfortunately, not every person is born with gardening talent.
D. Light, water and nutrients are basic things plants need to survive.
E. Just make sure it's an easy plant that you know you can take care of.
F. So follow the instructions on the package and feed them with the right amount.
G. A good garden store will have different kinds of fertilizers for different types of plants.
Passage12 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习 词数：约245
Sometimes, no matter how much effort you put into preparing for an interview, something goes wrong. Maybe you wake up with a headache or can't take your mind off a pressing personal matter. 1 Luckily, you can use some strategies to recover from a bad job interview.
Give yourself time.
A bad interview can leave you feeling upset and beating yourself up. Take some time to reflect on the experience. 2 It's easy to become convinced that the interview went even worse than it actually did. Remember, this is only one opportunity, and there will be more.
3
Once you've spent some time reviewing the interview, ask yourself if there is anything you can learn from your mistakes. Did the interview go poorly because you were late Were you too stressed Did you give a wrong answer to a common interview question 4 You can prepare better for your next interview.
Request a second chance.
No one wants to ruin an interview, but employers are humans too and understand that people have bad days. If you think you've blown an interview, don't just give up. Although there's no sure-fire success, it's always a good idea to send a thank-you email after your interview, and it can't hurt to explain in the email why you were off your game. 5 Even if you can't save an interview that went poorly, there are things you can do to help reduce the stress. Take a deep breath and move on to the next opportunity.
A. Look for lessons.
B. Admit your mistakes.
C. However, don't think about it for too long.
D. Then ask if there is any way you can meet again.
E. Showing appreciation may give a positive impression.
F. Identifying the exact reason helps you fix the problem.
G. Whatever it is, the circumstance may result in a poor performance.主题语境--人与社会
第四练 七选五Passage13-16
突破练-保分必拿 限时：17 分钟
Passage13 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--健康搭档 词数：约245
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled " Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner. " One reason was: " You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: " 1 " With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit —your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good " seeking a training partner" notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage14 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--科技与生活 词数：约260
We live in a switched-on world in which it's almost unthinkable to be without social media for so much as a day. The colorful images, interesting videos, bite-sized info, easy-to-read stories, viewing other people's lives... All is designed to keep us addicted. 1 An increasing number of studies indicate that social media can have a negative impact on our relationships IRL (that's "in real life" for non-techies). The good news is that you don't have to go backwards to avoid the dangers of social media. 2
Set time limits
Try the Pomodoro Technique. 3 Using this method, you break your workday into 25-minute periods separated by 5-minute breaks. Use an ordinary kitchen timer (to get away from using your phone) to set limits and schedule an activity to do afterwards. Then when the timer rings, step away from your device and turn off those notifications. 4
The infinite scroll (无限滚动) , as it's termed by developers, is specifically designed to keep you aimlessly looking at news feeds and passively taking in everything you see. Before you go online, decide what you're going for and stick to it. In this focused way you can go straight to what you want to see without mindlessly scrolling for things that don't support your intentions.
Avoid comparison
5 This famous saying has never been truer than when we see other people's seemingly " perfect lives" online. It can leave us feeling that we're simply not good enough. Although comparing ourselves to others is normal human behavior, remember that people's social media pages are not a true reflection of their real life.
A. Stay focused.
B. Scroll freely.
C. Comparison is the thief of joy.
D. However, there is a darker aspect.
E. No man is happy but by comparison.
F. This time-management strategy breaks your time up into periods.
G. Instead, you can free yourself from dependence but still enjoy the positive side.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：16 分钟
Passage15 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--科技发展 词数：约240
We’ve been test-driving some new cars recently. I appreciate the clean and simple design inside. For some reasons, many car makers have been shifted from physical controls to touch screens. 1 Instead of lots of physical buttons, you have a single touch screen. You can use it to move between the different controls.
The touch screen is a single system for many controls in your car. So simple Actually, not simple at all, 2 It will always be more challenging to use. It will likely take more time to use for each function.Worse still, the touch screen may also put you at greater risk of being in an accident.
In a car with buttons and other physical controls, you can often perform the same tasks without looking. 3 And you most likely receive physical feedback (反馈) through your fingers letting you know you've succeeded. Buttons are probably faster than touch screens. With a button, you reach over and easily get your fingers on it.
4 They may be effective, but many also require multiple attempts to work. If you've ever asked your phone to do something, you know there are still challenges in speech recognition.
However, if you need to use the touch screen to control systems in your car, I have a few suggestions.Get your basic setup running before your car is running down the road. If you have a passenger, let that person control the touch screen. 5
A. But this also means extra steps for each action.
B. The touch screen is far more complex than buttons.
C. New cars are often completely touch screen-controlled.
D. Physical controls have great advantages over touch screens.
E. Always keep your eyes on the road instead of the fancy screen.
F. You know when your hand is in the right place to use the controls.
G. Some cars with touch screen controls can respond to voice commands.
Passage16 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--人际交往 词数：约240
There is no denying that it's hard to cheer up a friend when you can't be by their side. If you're looking for some ways to help your friends through hard times, this article is here to help.
Text them to let them know that they're on your mind. 1 If your friends are in need of comfort, send them frequent reminders that you're thinking of them and tell them you miss them. It will let your friends know that they're still a presence in your life even if they're far away.
2 This is a classic way to show someone that you care. Surprise them with something special to make their day - arrange for flowers to be delivered to their apartment or mail them one of their favorite records. 3 Items like a handmade card will lift their spirits all the same.
Provide a humorous distraction(使人分心的事).Next time you see a funny picture online that you know your friends would like, send it to them. Avoid sending something funny during a deep discussion or right after your friends have told secrets to you, though. 4
Schedule a virtual(虚拟的)get-together. Make it more of an event than your usual phone call. Watch a movie online together. Pick a recipe and make the food in your respective kitchens. 5 And your friends will feel super valued to know that you go out of your way to cheer them up.
A. Send them a gift.
B. Do something new together.
C. You don't have to go all out in terms of spending, though.
D. This very simple gesture can really brighten your friends' day.
E. Both of you will benefit by increasing your communication skills.
F. They will help remind your friends of all the fun you can still have together.
G. Wait for a more lighthearted conversation or send it randomly to start a new one.主题语境--人与自我
第二练 七选五Passage5-8
突破练-保分必拿 限时：18 分钟
Passage5 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习 词数：约240
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 1
Pick the most important.
2 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family，work,Play, etc. 3 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people in your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
4
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. 5 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage6 语篇类型：夹叙夹议文 主题语境：人与自我--个人经历 词数：约270
My heart went out to the drama teacher I read about in a recent news item. Each parent from her class insisted that she cast their own child as Snow White. This reminded me of my seventh grade musical — "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer". I desperately wanted to play the role of Becky, the female lead who was Tom's girlfriend. 1
For starters, Becky had to sing numerous solos, and I couldn't carry a tune. I also didn't have long blonde curls like pretty Linda Wright who won the part.
I was assigned the non-singing role of Miss Watson, the maid. I had to wear an ugly dress. And I had only one line to learn, " That's what I say. " 2 Miss Watson was onstage in quite a few scenes, and got to repeat. "That's what I say" throughout the play.
At last, our production was put onstage. Imagine my surprise when Miss Watson made the audience laugh out loud each time I piped up with "That's what I say". I hadn't known that she — or I — could be funny, or that her character was important in moving the plot along. 3
That night, I began to understand that being the star may not be any more fun than being a standout in a supporting role. Each person, onstage and backstage, is essential in theater. Without everyone doing their part, the play would be dull as dishwater. 4 If everyone is a star then nothing gets done. It's all noise and chaos.
And so I believe all children should get the opportunity to play Miss Watson, to become someone they didn't know they wanted to be. 5
A. So it is in life.
B. It was not to be.
C. It was anything but a great part.
D. My Miss Watson turned out to be a hit.
E. It took the entire cast to make a good show.
F. There was an advantage, in my opinion, though.
G. I would hope all children could be a hit in life.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：20 分钟
Passage7 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--做人和做事 词数：约255
It was time for Macy to move. She booked a few house viewings and after looking at three places, she fell in love with one house. But that night a feeling of doubt and uncertainty entered her head. 1 Will the others be cheaper
We've all found ourselves in such situations, whether we're considering job offers or buying a new car. It's a problem that involves mathematics and psychology. And it's got a name: the optimal (最优的) stopping problem. 2 It's asking how long we spend sampling options to give the optimal chances of a successful final decision.
Mathematicians have given us an answer: 37%. The basic idea is that, if we need to make a decision from 100 different options, we should sample and give up the first 37. 3 It's a period during which we identify what works and what does not. From the rejected 37%, we choose the best and keep that information in our heads moving forward.
Mathematics offers us the best answer to the " optimal stopping problem". But there's just one big issue: Humans are not rational(基于理性的)probability-calculating machines. In fact, the opposite is usually true. 4 In the psychological and economics field, there is an " explore/ exploit trade-off (探索/利用权衡)".This asks whether we should go with a guaranteed "win " ( exploit) or risk going somewhere else for an unknown outcome (explore). The degree to which someone will explore or exploit depends on various factors. 5 Of course, different people are more exploitative or exploitative at different times. Teenagers and traders tend to explore more. Adults and managers exploit more.
A. What if the next house is better
B. How much does it cost a month
C. The 37% rule is not some mindless, automatic thing.
D. And it ties in with how curious or risk-seeking we are.
E. It's then necessary for us to improve our computing power.
F. So it falls on psychology to tell us about how we actually behave.
G. The mathematical question for Macy concerns maximizing probabilities.
Passage8 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--日常生活 词数：约300
If you’ve ever been bitten by a mosquito, you know how frustrating their bites can be. 1 , creating an itch that once you start scratching only seems to get worse. Why does a mosquito bite itch and what can we do
Why does a mosquito bite itch
When a mosquito bites you, it pierces the skin using a special mouthpart to suck up blood and injects saliva(唾液) into your skin. Mosquitoes’ saliva has lots of proteins in it, some of which our body recognizes as foreign things, and our immune cells spring into action to try to fight them. 2 It's actually the body's response to the foreign mosquito proteins it is trying to fight. That's why some people may only have a mild reaction to bites, while others, more sensitive to the foreign proteins, react with large areas of swelling that are more painful.
What helps resist the urge to scratch
"Don't scratch" is the advice that most experts and health professionals give. As hard and sometimes unrealistic as it can sound, scratching inflames(使更棘手)the skin, and the inflammation makes the skin itch more. 3 ,”warned Daniel Markowski, technical adviser for the American Mosquito Control Association, adding that in extreme cases, people can scar themselves.
Instead, there are dozens of creams and sprays that promise itch relief as well as home remedies (疗法). Choosing what's right for you can often come down to trial and error. In general, all of the various anti-itch creams are very similar. There is no scientific evidence that these remedies work, and they can come with their own precautions or side effects. 4
5
Some people can have serious allergic reactions to mosquitoes, although in practice it is rare, Vosshall said. If you experience severe symptoms such as breathing trouble, you should seek medical attention immediately.
A. When to seek medical attention
B. What to do with a mosquito bite
C. It's not the bite that causes the itch
D. The more you scratch, the more they itch
E. The little red bumps swell up almost immediately
F. Scratching can also cause secondary infections and prolong the irritation
G. In fact, the best remedy to fight the itch is to prevent a bite in the first place主题语境--人与自然
第六练 七选五Passage21-24
突破练-保分必拿 限时：17 分钟
Passage21 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然--环境保护 词数：约265
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
1 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 2 That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhoea (腹泻) from dirty water. That's around 1, 400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 3 Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
4 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. 5 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems.
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
Passage22 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然--自然灾害与防范 词数：约230
Some people love a great thunderstorm; others are frightened by the first flash of lightning or sound of thunder. 1 But there are easy steps you can take to protect your home and your life from lightning.
Protect Electronics from Severe Weather
2 It can follow the wires or phone lines into your room — ruining computers, TVs and other electronics. One protection against electronics being " fried" by lightning is simply to unplug them whenever a rain or a storm is coming. Disconnect Internet and satellite dish connections no matter where they are.
Reduce the Risk of Fire
Lightning rods (避雷针) can protect a building from catching fire. 3 They just provide a path for the electricity to reach the ground more safely. The rods at the top of the building are only the first part of a good system. When lightning strikes, the electricity needs to move to the ground. Wires conduct electricity from the lightning rods to metal rods buried in the ground. 4
Understand Lightning
When lightning hits the ground, a tree, a tower or even a building, it may also spreads along the ground, so being near something that's struck by lightning is almost as dangerous as being hit directly by lightning. 5 The Empire State Building gets struck by lightning around 20 times every year. Its lightning rod protects the structure, as well as the people inside.
A. It can even strike the same spot more than once.
B. You might want to consider protecting an entire building.
C. When this happens, anything in its path could be in danger.
D. But the chance of lightning striking your house doesn't change.
E. Each connection must be secure so lightning doesn't jump to the building.
F. Lightning hitting your roof or nearby power lines is terrible but not worst. gm
G. Whether you love or hate them, thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：17 分钟
Passage23 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然--人与动物 词数：约270
Searching for a new cat to add to your family If your home already has a cat, you may wonder how your cat will welcome a new partner. 1 Continue reading for tips on how to do that.
Your existing cat's needs come first. 2 Does your cat prefer female cats over male cats If he/she enjoys the company of female cats, adopting a female cat can help. If you adopt a young kitten as a companion for your older cat, it can work well as kittens get along with a cat of any age.
Shower your existing cat with extra attention. Cats can be territorial(有地盘意识的)when it comes to their space; the same can be true for their owners as well. 3 Giving your cat more hugs and care during the introduction of a new cat can help ease his/her bad feeling. This also helps your cat accept and trust the new one more quickly.
4 When you bring your new cat home, it's best to keep the cats in different rooms. This way they won't try to defend their territory. Each should have their own space with bowls and cat furniture so he/she doesn't feel the need to compete. And do spend time with the new cat as he/she can also be stressed in a new environment.
Introduce the new cat slowly. Your cats will have the chance to get used to each other's smell through the door. When they seem interested in meeting, you can bring one into the other's territory. 5 notice either of the cats getting uncomfortable, separate them.
A. Separate the cats initially.
B. Make sure your eat feels at home.
C. Do this at least a few days after the new cat arrives.
D. Think about your existing cat's personality and habits.
E. Your cat can get envious of a newcomer easily if feeling ignored.
F. Give both cats a special treat when they first meet to encourage peace.
G. There is a process to make the change less stressful for both you and the cats.
Passage24 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然--自然灾害 词数：约220
We often try to save every drop of water in gardening. Yet this summer，over half of the world is experiencing "abnormally dry" weather, which means millions of people are living under drought conditions. 1 Here are suggestions for how to keep your garden healthy during periods of dry weather.
Choose water-saving plants
If you are gardening under water restrictions, decide which plants need water least. Older trees, especially fruit trees, nut trees, and even evergreens, can suffer during drought, while newly planted trees require regular watering until their roots become established. 2 They can usually get by with less water than crops like corn, which have shallow roots.
Water effectively
Most plants require an average of 2 to 4 centimeters of water each week under normal conditions. That need could increase, however, during periods of extreme heat, when the soil dries out more quickly. 3 Divide it into two or three times per week with less water. Remember deeper, less-frequent watering instead of sprinkling water daily helps get the roots really wet. Also avoid watering at midday when moisture is likely to disappear before reaching roots.
4
Consider using recycled household water, also called gray water, to water plants. Unsalted water left over from boiling eggs or vegetables provides extra nutrients. Dishwater and bathwater that are not too oily will not harm plants. 5
A. Use fresh clean water.
B. Choose recycled water.
C. And melons have deep roots.
D. Try to water your plants all at once.
E. Do not water your plants once weekly.
F. And many of the people have plants to worry about.
G. And water from washing fruits and vegetables can be used around the garden.主题语境--人与社会
第五练 七选五Passage17-20
突破练-保分必拿 限时：17 分钟
Passage17 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--社会与文化 词数：约215
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 1 Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family-no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2
Hands or Utensils(餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 3 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
4 .In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries.
5 , the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage18 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--文化 词数：约270
Each place on this planet has its own unique traits, culture and customs. In addition, different locales have their own languages and dialects. 1
As people travel more frequently, they exchange goods and ideas. Thus, the blend of cultures has become easier and more commonplace. In the age of globalization, one may argue that language acts as a barrier to communication. Individual dialects may divide people even further. 2 Dialects are important for international business. Read on to learn how.
DIALECTS RETAIN IDENTITY
Many cultures use different words or pronunciations for the same thing. 3 Many times, exact translations are impossible. For example, one language may have a specific word for something, while another does not. If each language were standardized with the same set of words and pronunciations cultures would lose their identities.
DIALECTS HELP SPREAD CREATIVITY
New words spread freely throughout different cultures thanks to world travel and the Internet. In ou modern society, each person can travel to experience new things. By learning new languages and dialects, a person expands his or her mind. Opening one's mind promotes creativity. 4 Therefore, as we interact internationally, these exchanges lead to innovations.
DIALECTS INCREASE INDEPENDENCE
5 Even though a small group is part of a larger whole, their unique form of expression sets them apart. Their uniqueness provides them with a sense of independence. Oftentimes, people from a specific area take pride in their dialect. Differences enhance cultural diversity and increase independence. Without diversity, our world would not progress in business or technology.
Our world needs dialects and individual expression to keep cultures alive for future generations. Preserving dialects is good for creativity, innovation, and business.
A. The free exchange of ideas leads to new ideas.
B. Unique pronunciations help give a culture its identity.
C. A dialect, by definition, is specific to a region or group.
D. When exchanging ideas, they feel comfortable speaking dialects.
E. Therefore, a standardized language is crucial in the communication.
F. However, dialects express the unique qualities of a particular region.
G. Language and dialects preserve the unique cultural elements of a given place.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：18 分钟
Passage19 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--社会与文化 词数：约250
Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals in the Chines calendar. The festival typically involves family getting together to share mooncakes while watching thi moon. Typical Chinese mooncakes are round in shape, and measure around 10cm in diameter and 4 - 5cm in thickness. Most mooncakes consist of a thin tender skin enveloping a sweet and dense filling.
1 It is a custom for housewives to prepare mooncakes at home when the festival is approaching. Now let's learn to make traditional Chinese mooncakes.
Above all, full preparations should be made, including materials such as flour, water, sugar and vegetable oil, and fillings — the lotus seed paste and eggs. Mix together all the materials to get a dough(生面团). 2
Next, separate the egg yolks from the whites and salt the steamed yolks. While the oven is preheale to 180 degrees Celsius, roll the lotus seed paste and the dough into small balls. 3
Then, shape them with each consisting of a dough wrapper, one ball of the lotus seed paste, and half of a salted egg yolk. Make a hole in a ball of the lotus seed paste and put the yolk inside. Similarly, cover the ball (with the yolk inside) with a wrapper. 4 Then shape it with the mold(模具).
5 Take them out after 5 minutes and brush them with the egg wash. Put the mooncakes back until they become golden brown.
Remember to wait for two days to eat the mooncakes when they will be soft and also look shiny.
A. A mooncake ball is made.
B. Prepare the salted egg yolks.
C. Finally, put all mooncakes into the oven.
D. Flatten each piece of dough into a thin wrapper.
E. There're many stories about mooncakes and Chang'e.
F. Mooncakes are the must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival.
G. Covered with plastic wrap, it should be set aside for at least 3 hours.
Passage20 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会--人际沟通 词数：约265
Some people live in fear of having to talk to someone they don't know while others seem to be excellent conversationalists and can chat with anyone. 1 In fact, it's more about being prepared. Get started now so you can be the confident person who starts great conversations.
Doing a little bit of homework before walking into a social situation can make a big difference. You can try to find out who will be present and learn at least one thing about each person. 2 Some examples are, "How long have you worked for the company " " How long have you known the host " and "Have you had a chance to enjoy all this nice weather we've been having "
Smile warmly to show how friendly you are. 3 Being friendly is much more impressive than starting a conversation about yourself or showing off your humor. Opening with a few kind words can be much safer than trying to make the other person laugh because humor is subjective.
4 You can only bore the other person by talking about the weather for so long, so start moving the conversation in other directions if you would like to continue. Always be sincere and follow up a yes-no question with a statement or an additional question to keep the conversation going. If you continue long enough you are likely to find a common interest that will take over.
Remember that even with the best opening line in the world, you may still get blown off by the other person. If you have taken care to be friendly, open, and straightforward, you've done all you can. 5
A. Going beyond hello is important.
B. Listen actively with a warm smile.
C. You might think they must have some secrets.
D. The environment you're in can offer conversation starters.
E. A warm smile is one of the best icebreakers you can possibly offer.
F. Or prepare a few comfortable opening lines to prevent becoming tongue-tied.
G. When someone shows he or she isn't interested, move on and talk to another.主题语境--人与自我
第一练 七选五Passage1-4
突破练-保分必拿 限时：14 分钟
Passage1 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--生活与学习 词数：约225
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
1 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 2 Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 3 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle — as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 4 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage2 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--积极的人生态度 词数：约225
Work, family and world events can be so stressful that it feels like optimism and joy are far out of reach. Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood _but you don't have to stay there! 1
Once you're in a mood you need to shake, start by going to your happy place. 2 If not, keep a photo on your phone or computer of a beautiful, favorite place and take a moment to imagine you are there. What's the weather like What does the air smell like What are you doing while you're there How does being there make you feel You'll instantly feel calmer, lost in the daydream or the memory of your happy place.
We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts. 3 " Bad things always happen to me, " becomes "What lesson can I learn from this situation " "I wasted the whole day," becomes "I still have 5 more hours left to make today a great day!"
Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite cafe, or catching a movie in the theatre, make sure that once a week you schedule some "me" time. 4 That may mean getting less done during the day, but you deserve to take a mental break, regularly. So give priority to the time you need to recharge.
5 Whether it's a rare bit of easy traffic on your way to work or a break in the weather, you won't have time to complain about the negative things because you're so busy being grateful.
A. You can also volunteer at your local shelter.
B. It helps focus on the present and clear your mind.
C. Thankfully, there are ways you can get back on track.
D. If you're able, get into nature and breathe the fresh air.
E. Relieve your stress and refresh your mind, body and spirit.
F. When a negative thought flashes, replace it with a positive one.
G. When a negative attitude takes over, shake it off by practising gratitude.
创新练-高分必抢 限时：19 分钟
Passage3 语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我--个人经历 词数：约320
To put into words my time in Antarctica and South Georgia is nearly impossible. I had always described it as a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but as soon as I stepped foot on the continent, I immediately knew I needed to return.
1 About 50% of the passengers of our expedition (远征) had been to Antarctica at least once before. This goes to show just how magical of a destination it is.
That all your senses will be stimulated is the best way I can describe the time on the white continent. How tiny you feel next to towering glaciers and icebergs! The icy water moving through your body as you take the infamous Polar Plunge. The learning of heart-touching stories of survival from explorers of the past. 2
Antarctica makes you feel so small and insignificant, in the best way. 3 You get front row seats to witness the most incredible show: nature. It is as much beautiful as cruel. For example, when you see a brown skua (贼鸥) attacking a penguin chick, your heart aches. Then your expedition guide regretfully tells you that a chick that is small in March would have very slim chances of surviving the upcoming winter. The cycle continues, and you're left wondering who to root for.
Things move fast in Antarctica, and every month offers something really unique and special to see. In March, the weather is a bit more unpredictable, and the sea ice is beginning to form again. 4 In two more weeks, expedition ships would not be able to break through the ice.
The penguins are completing their yearly feather-changing process. 5 The expedition team made sure we kept our distance and did not scare them into hiding under freezing water.
These animals, arguably the cutest you will ever see, survive such unfavorable environments. It's absolutely incredible to witness the challenges, the skill, the efforts, all of it. I am forever grateful to have been a visitor.
A. The list goes on.
B. But this is not always the case.
C. Our voyage was the last of the season.
D. I was not the only one who felt this way.
E. I, years later, did return to this fascinating place.
F. They are really weak during this time, and cannot dive.
G. Everything has a purpose, and the cycle of life is evident.
Passage4 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我--健康的生活方式 词数：约215
The summer heat is here. You may be more willing to stay indoors drinking iced tea and passing over your exercise routine. 1 Here are several ways for you to keep moving in hot weather and some tips for safely keeping active in the summer heat.
2 Drink 16 to 24 ounces of water, sports drinks, or other liquids around twenty minutes before you begin. Try to avoid drinks that contain caffeine, a chemical substance, because that will cause you to lose water.
Choose a proper time in the day to exercise. Avoid the hottest time of the day — between 11 am and 3 pm. 3 Also take care to watch the weather and avoid exercising when humidity (湿度) is high.
Dress for the heat. Make sure you wear light breathable clothing before working out in the heat. Some materials like nylon easily absorb sweat and evaporate it much better than cotton. 4 If you become very hot, pour cold water into your hat to help you feel cooler.
5 Remember to use a sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 or higher and apply it every two hours or after you work up a sweat. Avoid getting sunburned because it decreases your body's ability to cool itself down and also increases the risk of skin cancer.
A. Wear proper sunscreen.
B. Take food and water with you.
C. If you exercise earlier, it'll be safer.
D. But don't let a heatwave keep you down.
E. Choose light colors and also have a hat on.
F. And work out early in the morning or late in the day.
G. Make sure that you are not thirsty before you exercise.

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