资源简介

核心 词汇 1．___________ n．目的，目标 2．________ v．回想，回忆起 3．________ adv．勉强才能 4．_________ v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地 5．_____________ adj．杰出的，优秀的 6．_________ v．扰乱 7．____________ adj．联合的 8．_______ adj．简单的；粗糙的 9．________ v．出现 10．_____________ n．周年纪念日 11．_____ n．金额，款项 12．______________ adj．智力的，脑力的 13．__________ adj．有关的，切题的
阅读 词汇 1．landing n．_________ 2．grain n．_______ 3．commander n．________ 4．coastline n．_____ 5．peacekeeping n．___________ 6．liberate v．____________ 7．academic adj．_____ 8．bomb v．_____ 9．____________ n．侵略 10．_____________ n．维和人员 11．__________ n．冲突，摩擦 12．________ n．武器，兵器 13．______ n．同龄人；同辈 14．________ n．微风 15．___________ n．蓝图 16．_________ n．制服
拓展 词汇 1．violent adj．狂暴的，凶暴的→__________ n．暴力 2．horror n．惊恐→__________ adj．可怕的；令人震惊的→_________ v．使惊恐不已 3．drown v．(使)淹死→__________ n．溺水 4．memorial adj．纪念的，追悼的 n．纪念物；纪念碑→________ n．记忆力→___________________ v．记住→___________ adj．值得纪念的；难忘的 5．stability n．稳固，稳定→________ adj．稳定的 6．professionalism n．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→____________ n．同行；职业→______________ adj．专业的 n．专业人士 7．invader n．侵略者，侵略军→________ v．侵略；侵犯→__________ n．侵略 8．glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→__________ adj．光荣的 9．dedication n．奉献→__________ v．把……奉献给→___________ adj．专注的；献身的 10．representative n．代表→___________ v．代表；描绘 11．collective adj．集体的；共同的→_________ v．收集→____________ n．收藏品→___________ n．收集者，收藏家
高频 短语 1．_____________ 使……摆脱/免于……；解除…… 2．__________________ 对……有信心 3．_________ (及时)到达；能够出席；成功 4．meet up with _______ 5．keep to sth． _____________ 6．hold down ____________ 7．prepare for ________
句型 公式 1．Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation．(独立主格结构) 这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。 2．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day．(with复合结构) 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。 3．It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao．(It is no wonder that...) 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。 4．Driven by a sense of commitment，a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation．(过去分词短语作状语) 在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
Several years have passed but we can still recall the daunting violence that broke 1．_____ in this small African country，2．_______ eventually turned into national unrest．There were constant fights between government troops 3．_____ local armed forces，making civilians condemned to extreme horror．The order of local life 4．_______________(disrupt) as well．5．_________ (invite) by the international community，China sent peacekeepers to this country with the objective of 6．_________ (keep) peace．All of these peacekeepers were combatants．They wore peacekeepers' uniforms，carried weapons and ammunition，stopped violent incidents，disarmed illegal armed forces，mediated frictions that emerged amongst all 7．_________(party)，and fortified social 8．__________(secure)．They made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the country．Their unremitting efforts and dedication won widespread praise．The supreme commander of the UN peacekeeping spoke 9．________ (high) of the crowning quality and role of China's peacekeeping force，and awarded it collective first-class merit．To sum up，it is also 10．___ glory for Chinese people．
1．condemn v．谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
①Their lack of qualifications condemned them ____ a lifetime of boring，usually poorly-paid work．
②He was condemned __________ (spend) the rest of the football season on the bench．
　应用文写作之人物描写
The boy is so kind and positive that he is condemned to have a bright future．
→_________________________________ that he is condemned to have a bright future．(倒装句)
◎condemn sb．for (doing) sth．因(做)某事而指责某人
◎condemn sb．to sth．判处某人某种刑罚；迫使某人接受困境
◎be condemned to do sth．注定要做某事
◎My teacher cast an inspiring smile at me，saying，“You are so devoted to your writing that you are condemned to win glory for our class．”
我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“你对写作如此投入，注定会为我们班赢得荣誉。”
2．sum n．金额，款项；总数，总和，和v．总结；概括
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)____ sum up，it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages，which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation．
②Will you please sum ____ the main idea of this article
③The boy was rewarded for his invention with a large sum ____ money．
　读后续写之主旨升华
重要的是要记住，成功是每天付出的小努力的总和，往往需要多年才能实现。
It is important to remember that success is ________________________ made each day and often takes years to achieve．
◎a large sum of 一大笔
◎sum to 共计
◎sum up 总结；作概括；估量，判断
◎to sum up/in sum 总之；总而言之
◎In sum/To sum up，through this event，more people can appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture and deepen their understanding of China．
总而言之，通过这次活动，更多的人可以欣赏中国文化之美，加深对中国的了解。
3．relevant adj．有关的，切题的
①What experience do you have that is relevant ____ this position
②The applicant has much experience in teaching，and more ____________ (relevant)，in industry．
③What he said has no direct ___________ (relevant) to the matter in hand．
　应用文写作之求助信
如果你想到了任何相关的内容，请一定告诉我。
If ___________________ occurs to you，please do tell me．
◎relevantly adv．贴切地；有关地
◎be relevant to...和……有关
◎relevance n．紧密相关；切题
have (no) relevance to和……有/无关
◎Here are some relevant details about this music concert．
这是这次音乐节的一些相关细节。
4．free...from使……摆脱/免于……；解除……
①(2023·浙江1月卷)When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket _____ free，even if your trip is an overnight one．
②(2022·全国乙卷改编)Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free _________ the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year．
③The performers have all offered their services free ____ charge．
　应用文写作之活动报道
冬日远足把我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。
The winter hiking ______________________________________________________．
◎be free of/from...不受……影响的；不含有害物的
◎set...free 释放……；使……获得自由
◎for free/free of charge免费
◎there's no such thing as a free lunch没有免费的午餐
◎Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world．
任何事情都是要付出代价的；这个世界上没有免费的午餐。
5．[教材原句]Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation．(独立主格结构)
这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
①The evening glow ___________(spread) across the farm，it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together．
②Lots of homework _______ (do)，I have to stay at home all day during the National Day．
　读后续写之人物描写
①He came out of the library with a large book under his arm．
→He came out of the library，____________________________．
②If there is another chance，he will try his best．
→____________________________，he will try his best．
该句含有独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，该结构在句中一般作状语，其形式有以下几种：
◎名词/代词＋动词-ing形式；
◎名词/代词＋过去分词；
◎名词/代词＋不定式；
◎名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语；
◎There/It being＋名词/代词。
◎She sang the song，her voice trembling slightly．
她唱着这首歌，声音微微颤抖。
6．[教材原句]It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao．(It is no wonder that...)
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)When he got older，John started to wonder ____________ this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．
②It was a wonder ______ the boy had survived on a bottle of mineral water after the earthquake．
③For a long time，he looked at her ____ wonder，then he bent over and gave her a kiss．
④The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house．____ is no wonder that it's so popular．
　应用文写作之邀请信
我想知道这周末你们是否想观看一部英文短片《一起成长》。
_____________________ you'd like to watch a short English film—Growing Together this weekend．
◎No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ...难怪……；……不足为奇
◎It's a wonder that ...奇怪的是……
◎in wonder惊讶地
◎I wonder whether if/when/why/how/what ...我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么/什么……
◎I just wonder what major you will choose in your university．
我只是想知道你在大学里会选择什么专业。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Hands ________ (wave)，I dashed towards the bird，yelling to make myself noticed．
2．Having explained the reason why he was late again，he was able to free himself from ________________ (punish) at last．
3．You needn't worry about money．With your membership card，you can attend the concert free ____ charge．
4．____ sum，we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time．
5．The library houses lots of unpublished documents that are relevant ____ your topic．
6．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom and social ___________ (stable)．
7．Sometimes，amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of __________ (violent)．
8．She is a ___________ teacher who has been ___________ to teaching and her ____________ to teaching gained the respect of all her students．(dedicate)
9．Education is about learning，and the more you learn，the more you prepare _____ your life．
10．I got much ______________ advice from the famous ___________ in my ____________，so I made great progress．(profession)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．rough
A．艰难的　B．高低不平的　C．大致的，粗略的　D．粗糙的　E．汹涌的；风浪很大的
(1)The skin on her hands was hard and rough． ___
(2)They journeyed for several weeks over rough roads． ___
(3)(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the U．S．was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans． ___
(4)The sea was rough and dangerous，and the ship went up and down． ___
(5)Friends are the best to turn to when you're having a rough day． ___
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change． ___
A．adj．纯理论的 B．adj．学术的
C．n．高等院校教师
3．Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction until finally a permanent state is reached． ___
A．n．制服；校服 B．adj．一致的
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other． ___
A．坦克 B．一箱(或一桶等)的量
C．箱，槽
5．A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” ___
A．降落 B．成功得到；赢得
C．登陆
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．由于每个国际学生都尝试着自己泡茶，整个茶室很快活跃起来。
①Soon the tea room became lively ______________________________________ _______________________________．(because)
②Soon the tea room became lively ________________________________________ ___________________________．(with复合结构)
2．难怪长城每年吸引数十万外国游客。
______________________ the Great Wall attracts hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year．
3．假如给予更多的关心，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。
______________________，the child wouldn't have become so selfish and naughty．
假设你是李华，你们班于上周日上午9点组织了一次主题为“中国人民抗日战争的胜利(The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression)”的主题班会，请你给你的外国笔友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．简要描述抗日战争；
2．你的感想。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①我写信的目的是告知你我们的主题班会，其主题是中国人民抗日战争的胜利。
I _____________________________ our theme class meeting and its theme is The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression．
②在残酷的战争中，中国军队被认为是最勇敢的士兵，他们冒着生命危险与敌人作战。
During the cruel war，the Chinese army ___________________________________ ______________，who fought against the enemies at the risk of their lives．
③面对敌人猛烈的轰炸，中国军民万众一心，不忘目标，英勇杀敌。
In the face of the enemy's violent bombing，the Chinese army and the people united as one，_______________________ and bravely killed the enemy．
④虽然中国军队武器落后，但他们坚信他们将以共同的努力赢得光荣的胜利。
Although the Chinese army was backward in weapons，they were confident that they would __________________________________________________．
⑤难怪有人说，中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利将永远铭刻在人类正义史上。
______________________ someone says that the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression will be forever carved in the history of human justice．
　句式升级
⑥用with复合结构和定语从句改写句①
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句③
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 coastline；misty；breeze；tide；violent→violence；horror；gunfire；bomb；friction；disarm；combatant；weapon；ammunition；aggression；fortify；invader；glory；dedication
美句 1．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day． 2．Yang's death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders．
拓展 语料 单词 watery含水的；tearful含泪的；sob呜咽，啜泣；weep (通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪；cry哭泣；choke哽咽；wail号啕大哭，恸哭
词块 have a lump in one's throat哽咽；be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面；be close to tears/be on the verge of tears 快哭了；be filled with/be full of tears/tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶；be blurred/dim with tears 泪眼模糊；tears cloud one's eyes泪水模糊了某人的眼睛；tears pour down one's face眼泪从脸上流下来
句型 1．She hugged her child tightly，her eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude． 她紧紧地抱着她的孩子，眼里充满了感激的泪水。 2．I sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face． 我痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着从我脸上流下的泪水中的咸味。 3．Her tears fell like rain as she sobbed uncontrollably． 她无法控制地啜泣着，眼泪像雨一样落下。 4．When she heard the news of her grandmother's passing，she was in floods of tears． 当听到她祖母去世的消息时，她泪流满面。
　语料运用
①在一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，激烈的武装冲突爆发了。
On a misty morning，violent armed friction ___________．
②枪声和爆炸声在他们耳边回响，村里的孩子们号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下来。(独立主格结构)
With gunfire and bombing ringing in their ears，the children in the village wailed，_______________________________________________．
③有些人喉咙哽咽，说不出一句话。恐怖像潮水一样涌向他们。
Some people ____________________________________________________．Horror crowded in on them like tides．
④幸运的是，当地的士兵和民众勇敢地抵抗侵略者，很快就赶走了敌人。
Luckily，the local soldiers and people _____________________________________ and drove away the enemies soon．
⑤所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，热泪盈眶。(with复合结构)
All the children held out their arms and cheered，________________________．
1 / 14课时数智作业(三十三)
选择性必修第三册　Unit 3　War and peace
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·云南昆明一模)
Early in my career，I was easily overwhelmed．My responsibilities，commitments and ambitions piled up into this mass that I felt immeasurably large—until，one day，when I worked in federal contracting，my manager gave me something that is still on the bulletin board over my desk 26 years later，even as I've now transformed my career: It's a postcard picture of Earth．
He wanted me to look at Earth and think about the significance of what I was trying to accomplish，and the stress I was feeling，and to do so in the context of what others around the world faced．I started to do this during late nights in my office，when I hadn't seen my family in days，as I lived on caffeine and cheese nabs．I imagined the good happening to people around the globe．I also imagined the bad—people starving，enduring war，or losing their homes—and then weighed my situation．I would say a prayer for them，and I would remember that my time on Earth was limited．
With this perspective and my manager's encouragement，I went back to school，then took a job with a Fortune 500 firm as a contracts manager and rose to become a director and VP．I have recently started my own consulting business to mentor small companies entering federal contracting．I've found that many folks feel they must make a good impression or prove themselves，and that to do so，they cannot admit when they need help．But I can see it in their eyes or hear it in their voices．I tell them what my manager told me: Step away for a few minutes，prioritize your actions，and focus on what your best can be in that moment．
That is how I hope to make a difference in their lives．And who knows，maybe beyond what I see，my presence ripples (传开) out to their circles of influence，which reaches others'—creating waves again to those that make up all that blue in my picture of Earth．
1．What's the function of paragraph 1？(　　)
A．To arouse readers' interest．
B．To show the author's strong emotion．
C．To introduce the author's current status of work．
D．To illuminate the author's ups and downs in his career．
2．Why does the author still keep the postcard picture of Earth？(　　)
A．Because he needs its navigation when at a loss．
B．Because he has gained a favored job with its help．
C．Because he was required by his manager to value it．
D．Because he views it as a reminder of thinking overall．
3．What does the underlined word “mentor” in paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Instruct． B．Absorb．
C．Invest． D．Encourage．
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．The Influence of My Manager
B．The Ripples of the Big Earth Picture
C．The Stress Coming from Responsibilities
D．The Good and the Bad Happenings in My Career
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北唐山一模)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question，we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity．The first view involves dominance and power．In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows．Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm．In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them．
The second view involves the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans．Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others．Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart．Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions．For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony．Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger．At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments．Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people．
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality．We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive．The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice．
5．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？(　　)
A．People should offer mercy to others．
B．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected．
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity．
D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive．
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate？(　　)
A．To forgive is to love．
B．To fight is to grow．
C．To dominate is to harm．
D．To give is to receive．
7．What is the writer's attitude towards forgiveness？(　　)
A．Objective． B．Reserved．
C．Favorable． D．Skeptical．
8．What is the message of the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Forgiveness is in our nature．
B．Forgiveness grows with time．
C．Actuality is based on potentiality．
D．It takes practice to forgive．
Ⅱ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·湖南怀化三模)
你校英文报“Campus Life”栏目正在举办主题为“冲突与妥协”的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．你的经历；
2．你的感悟。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Conflict and Compromise
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 / 4核心 词汇 1．objective n．目的，目标 2．recall v．回想，回忆起 3．barely adv．勉强才能 4．condemn v．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地 5．outstanding adj．杰出的，优秀的 6．disrupt v．扰乱 7．associated adj．联合的 8．rough adj．简单的；粗糙的 9．emerge v．出现 10．anniversary n．周年纪念日 11．sum n．金额，款项 12．intellectual adj．智力的，脑力的 13．relevant adj．有关的，切题的
阅读 词汇 1．landing n．(军队的)登陆 2．grain n．谷物，粮食 3．commander n．指挥官，长官 4．coastline n．海岸线 5．peacekeeping n．维持和平(的行动) 6．liberate v．解放(城市、国家等) 7．academic adj．学术的 8．bomb v．轰炸 9．aggression n．侵略 10．peacekeeper n．维和人员 11．friction n．冲突，摩擦 12．weapon n．武器，兵器 13．peer n．同龄人；同辈 14．breeze n．微风 15．blueprint n．蓝图 16．uniform n．制服
拓展 词汇 1．violent adj．狂暴的，凶暴的→violence n．暴力 2．horror n．惊恐→horrible adj．可怕的；令人震惊的→horrify v．使惊恐不已 3．drown v．(使)淹死→drowning n．溺水 4．memorial adj．纪念的，追悼的 n．纪念物；纪念碑→memory n．记忆力→memorize/memorise v．记住→memorable adj．值得纪念的；难忘的 5．stability n．稳固，稳定→stable adj．稳定的 6．professionalism n．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→profession n．同行；职业→professional adj．专业的 n．专业人士 7．invader n．侵略者，侵略军→invade v．侵略；侵犯→invasion n．侵略 8．glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→glorious adj．光荣的 9．dedication n．奉献→dedicate v．把……奉献给→dedicated adj．专注的；献身的 10．representative n．代表→represent v．代表；描绘 11．collective adj．集体的；共同的→collect v．收集→collection n．收藏品→collector n．收集者，收藏家
高频 短语 1．free...from 使……摆脱/免于……；解除…… 2．have (...) confidence in 对……有信心 3．make it (及时)到达；能够出席；成功 4．meet up with 与……见面 5．keep to sth． 遵守；不偏离(道路等) 6．hold down 承担责任；压制；限制 7．prepare for 为……做准备
句型 公式 1．Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation．(独立主格结构) 这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。 2．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day．(with复合结构) 盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。 3．It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao．(It is no wonder that...) 难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。 4．Driven by a sense of commitment，a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation．(过去分词短语作状语) 在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
Several years have passed but we can still recall the daunting violence that broke 1．out in this small African country，2．which eventually turned into national unrest．There were constant fights between government troops 3．and local armed forces，making civilians condemned to extreme horror．The order of local life 4．was disrupted(disrupt) as well．5．Invited (invite) by the international community，China sent peacekeepers to this country with the objective of 6．keeping (keep) peace．All of these peacekeepers were combatants．They wore peacekeepers' uniforms，carried weapons and ammunition，stopped violent incidents，disarmed illegal armed forces，mediated frictions that emerged amongst all 7．parties(party)，and fortified social 8．security(secure)．They made outstanding contributions to the peace and stability of the country．Their unremitting efforts and dedication won widespread praise．The supreme commander of the UN peacekeeping spoke 9．highly (high) of the crowning quality and role of China's peacekeeping force，and awarded it collective first-class merit．To sum up，it is also 10．a glory for Chinese people．
1．condemn v．谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
①Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring，usually poorly-paid work．
②He was condemned to spend (spend) the rest of the football season on the bench．
　应用文写作之人物描写
The boy is so kind and positive that he is condemned to have a bright future．
→So kind and positive is the boy that he is condemned to have a bright future．(倒装句)
◎condemn sb．for (doing) sth．因(做)某事而指责某人
◎condemn sb．to sth．判处某人某种刑罚；迫使某人接受困境
◎be condemned to do sth．注定要做某事
◎My teacher cast an inspiring smile at me，saying，“You are so devoted to your writing that you are condemned to win glory for our class．”
我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“你对写作如此投入，注定会为我们班赢得荣誉。”
2．sum n．金额，款项；总数，总和，和v．总结；概括
①(译林版选择性必修第二册Unit 1)To sum up，it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages，which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation．
②Will you please sum up the main idea of this article
③The boy was rewarded for his invention with a large sum of money．
　读后续写之主旨升华
重要的是要记住，成功是每天付出的小努力的总和，往往需要多年才能实现。
It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve．
◎a large sum of 一大笔
◎sum to 共计
◎sum up 总结；作概括；估量，判断
◎to sum up/in sum 总之；总而言之
◎In sum/To sum up，through this event，more people can appreciate the beauty of Chinese culture and deepen their understanding of China．
总而言之，通过这次活动，更多的人可以欣赏中国文化之美，加深对中国的了解。
3．relevant adj．有关的，切题的
①What experience do you have that is relevant to this position
②The applicant has much experience in teaching，and more relevantly (relevant)，in industry．
③What he said has no direct relevance (relevant) to the matter in hand．
　应用文写作之求助信
如果你想到了任何相关的内容，请一定告诉我。
If anything relevant occurs to you，please do tell me．
◎relevantly adv．贴切地；有关地
◎be relevant to...和……有关
◎relevance n．紧密相关；切题
have (no) relevance to和……有/无关
◎Here are some relevant details about this music concert．
这是这次音乐节的一些相关细节。
4．free...from使……摆脱/免于……；解除……
①(2023·浙江1月卷)When you're riding on trains，you won't be provided with a blanket for free，even if your trip is an overnight one．
②(2022·全国乙卷改编)Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of/from the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year．
③The performers have all offered their services free of charge．
　应用文写作之活动报道
冬日远足把我们学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来。
The winter hiking frees/freed us students from the heavy work of study．
◎be free of/from...不受……影响的；不含有害物的
◎set...free 释放……；使……获得自由
◎for free/free of charge免费
◎there's no such thing as a free lunch没有免费的午餐
◎Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world．
任何事情都是要付出代价的；这个世界上没有免费的午餐。
5．[教材原句]Code-named “Operation Overlord”，it was the largest combined sea，air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation．(独立主格结构)
这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。
①The evening glow spreading(spread) across the farm，it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together．
②Lots of homework to do (do)，I have to stay at home all day during the National Day．
　读后续写之人物描写
①He came out of the library with a large book under his arm．
→He came out of the library，a large book under his arm．
②If there is another chance，he will try his best．
→There being another chance，he will try his best．
该句含有独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，该结构在句中一般作状语，其形式有以下几种：
◎名词/代词＋动词-ing形式；
◎名词/代词＋过去分词；
◎名词/代词＋不定式；
◎名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语；
◎There/It being＋名词/代词。
◎She sang the song，her voice trembling slightly．
她唱着这首歌，声音微微颤抖。
6．[教材原句]It is no wonder that many，if not most，of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda，including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists，Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao．(It is no wonder that...)
难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。
①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编)When he got older，John started to wonder if/whether this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making．
②It was a wonder that the boy had survived on a bottle of mineral water after the earthquake．
③For a long time，he looked at her in wonder，then he bent over and gave her a kiss．
④The Internet keeps us informed of the latest news and also provides entertainment in the house．It is no wonder that it's so popular．
　应用文写作之邀请信
我想知道这周末你们是否想观看一部英文短片《一起成长》。
I wonder if/whether you'd like to watch a short English film—Growing Together this weekend．
◎No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ...难怪……；……不足为奇
◎It's a wonder that ...奇怪的是……
◎in wonder惊讶地
◎I wonder whether if/when/why/how/what ...我想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么/什么……
◎I just wonder what major you will choose in your university．
我只是想知道你在大学里会选择什么专业。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Hands waving (wave)，I dashed towards the bird，yelling to make myself noticed．
2．Having explained the reason why he was late again，he was able to free himself from being punished (punish) at last．
3．You needn't worry about money．With your membership card，you can attend the concert free of charge．
4．In sum，we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time．
5．The library houses lots of unpublished documents that are relevant to your topic．
6．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom and social stability (stable)．
7．Sometimes，amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence (violent)．
8．She is a dedicated teacher who has been dedicated to teaching and her dedication to teaching gained the respect of all her students．(dedicate)
9．Education is about learning，and the more you learn，the more you prepare for your life．
10．I got much professional advice from the famous professor in my profession，so I made great progress．(profession)
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．rough
A．艰难的　B．高低不平的　C．大致的，粗略的　D．粗糙的　E．汹涌的；风浪很大的
(1)The skin on her hands was hard and rough． D
(2)They journeyed for several weeks over rough roads． B
(3)(2023·全国甲卷)The western half of the U．S．was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans． C
(4)The sea was rough and dangerous，and the ship went up and down． E
(5)Friends are the best to turn to when you're having a rough day． A
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change． C
A．adj．纯理论的 B．adj．学术的
C．n．高等院校教师
3．Temperature becomes uniform by heat conduction until finally a permanent state is reached． B
A．n．制服；校服 B．adj．一致的
4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other． C
A．坦克 B．一箱(或一桶等)的量
C．箱，槽
5．A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe! Safe! Safe！” B
A．降落 B．成功得到；赢得
C．登陆
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．由于每个国际学生都尝试着自己泡茶，整个茶室很快活跃起来。
①Soon the tea room became lively because every international student attempted to make their own tea．(because)
②Soon the tea room became lively with every international student attempting to make their own tea．(with复合结构)
2．难怪长城每年吸引数十万外国游客。
It is no wonder that the Great Wall attracts hundreds of thousands of foreign tourists every year．
3．假如给予更多的关心，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。
Given more attention，the child wouldn't have become so selfish and naughty．
假设你是李华，你们班于上周日上午9点组织了一次主题为“中国人民抗日战争的胜利(The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression)”的主题班会，请你给你的外国笔友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．简要描述抗日战争；
2．你的感想。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①我写信的目的是告知你我们的主题班会，其主题是中国人民抗日战争的胜利。
I am writing to inform you of our theme class meeting and its theme is The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression．
②在残酷的战争中，中国军队被认为是最勇敢的士兵，他们冒着生命危险与敌人作战。
During the cruel war，the Chinese army was represented as the most courageous soldiers，who fought against the enemies at the risk of their lives．
③面对敌人猛烈的轰炸，中国军民万众一心，不忘目标，英勇杀敌。
In the face of the enemy's violent bombing，the Chinese army and the people united as one，held on to their goal and bravely killed the enemy．
④虽然中国军队武器落后，但他们坚信他们将以共同的努力赢得光荣的胜利。
Although the Chinese army was backward in weapons，they were confident that they would win the glorious victory with collective efforts．
⑤难怪有人说，中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利将永远铭刻在人类正义史上。
It is no wonder that someone says that the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression will be forever carved in the history of human justice．
　句式升级
⑥用with复合结构和定语从句改写句①
I am writing with the objective of informing you of our theme class meeting whose theme is The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
⑦用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句③
Facing with the enemy's violent bombing，the Chinese army and the people united as one，held on to their goal and bravely killed the enemy.
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
I am writing with the objective of informing you of our theme class meeting whose theme is The Victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression．
During the cruel war，the Chinese army was represented as the most courageous soldiers，who fought against the enemies at the risk of their lives．Facing with the enemy's violent bombing，the Chinese army and the people united as one，held on to their goal and bravely killed the enemy．Although the Chinese army was backward in weapons，they were confident that they would win the glorious victory with collective efforts．As a result，it is no wonder that someone says that the great victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression will be forever carved in the history of human justice．
Looking forward to your early reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 coastline；misty；breeze；tide；violent→violence；horror；gunfire；bomb；friction；disarm；combatant；weapon；ammunition；aggression；fortify；invader；glory；dedication
美句 1．With these words ringing in their ears，Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D-Day． 2．Yang's death was a huge blow to his loyal troops，but they turned sorrow into anger and continued to fight fiercely against the invaders．
拓展 语料 单词 watery含水的；tearful含泪的；sob呜咽，啜泣；weep (通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪；cry哭泣；choke哽咽；wail号啕大哭，恸哭
词块 have a lump in one's throat哽咽；be wet with tears/be in tears 泪流满面；be close to tears/be on the verge of tears 快哭了；be filled with/be full of tears/tears well up in one's eyes 热泪盈眶；be blurred/dim with tears 泪眼模糊；tears cloud one's eyes泪水模糊了某人的眼睛；tears pour down one's face眼泪从脸上流下来
句型 1．She hugged her child tightly，her eyes flooded with/full of tears of gratitude． 她紧紧地抱着她的孩子，眼里充满了感激的泪水。 2．I sobbed bitterly，tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face． 我痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着从我脸上流下的泪水中的咸味。 3．Her tears fell like rain as she sobbed uncontrollably． 她无法控制地啜泣着，眼泪像雨一样落下。 4．When she heard the news of her grandmother's passing，she was in floods of tears． 当听到她祖母去世的消息时，她泪流满面。
　语料运用
①在一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，激烈的武装冲突爆发了。
On a misty morning，violent armed friction broke out．
②枪声和爆炸声在他们耳边回响，村里的孩子们号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下来。(独立主格结构)
With gunfire and bombing ringing in their ears，the children in the village wailed，tears pouring down their faces uncontrollably．
③有些人喉咙哽咽，说不出一句话。恐怖像潮水一样涌向他们。
Some people had a lump in their throats，unable to utter a word．Horror crowded in on them like tides．
④幸运的是，当地的士兵和民众勇敢地抵抗侵略者，很快就赶走了敌人。
Luckily，the local soldiers and people fought bravely against the invaders and drove away the enemies soon．
⑤所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，热泪盈眶。(with复合结构)
All the children held out their arms and cheered，with tears welling up in their eyes．
课时数智作业(三十三)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·云南昆明一模)
Early in my career，I was easily overwhelmed．My responsibilities，commitments and ambitions piled up into this mass that I felt immeasurably large—until，one day，when I worked in federal contracting，my manager gave me something that is still on the bulletin board over my desk 26 years later，even as I've now transformed my career: It's a postcard picture of Earth．
He wanted me to look at Earth and think about the significance of what I was trying to accomplish，and the stress I was feeling，and to do so in the context of what others around the world faced．I started to do this during late nights in my office，when I hadn't seen my family in days，as I lived on caffeine and cheese nabs．I imagined the good happening to people around the globe．I also imagined the bad—people starving，enduring war，or losing their homes—and then weighed my situation．I would say a prayer for them，and I would remember that my time on Earth was limited．
With this perspective and my manager's encouragement，I went back to school，then took a job with a Fortune 500 firm as a contracts manager and rose to become a director and VP．I have recently started my own consulting business to mentor small companies entering federal contracting．I've found that many folks feel they must make a good impression or prove themselves，and that to do so，they cannot admit when they need help．But I can see it in their eyes or hear it in their voices．I tell them what my manager told me: Step away for a few minutes，prioritize your actions，and focus on what your best can be in that moment．
That is how I hope to make a difference in their lives．And who knows，maybe beyond what I see，my presence ripples (传开) out to their circles of influence，which reaches others'—creating waves again to those that make up all that blue in my picture of Earth．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在职业生涯中如何从压力中找到出路，并通过自己的经验去帮助他人的故事。
1．What's the function of paragraph 1？(　　)
A．To arouse readers' interest．
B．To show the author's strong emotion．
C．To introduce the author's current status of work．
D．To illuminate the author's ups and downs in his career．
A　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者描述了自己早期职业生涯中的困扰、压力以及他的经理给他的一张地球的明信片照片，这张照片在他的职业生涯中起到了重要作用。因而作者写这一段的目的是引发读者的兴趣，让读者想要了解这张照片是如何影响作者的职业生涯的。故选A。]
2．Why does the author still keep the postcard picture of Earth？(　　)
A．Because he needs its navigation when at a loss．
B．Because he has gained a favored job with its help．
C．Because he was required by his manager to value it．
D．Because he views it as a reminder of thinking overall．
D　[推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及“I imagined the good happening to people around the globe．I also imagined the bad—people starving，enduring war，or losing their homes—and then weighed my situation．”可知，作者保留这张地球的照片是因为它提醒他要全局思考。故选D。]
3．What does the underlined word “mentor” in paragraph 3 mean？(　　)
A．Instruct． B．Absorb．
C．Invest． D．Encourage．
A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中画线词所在句“I have recently started my own consulting business...entering federal contracting．”并结合语境可知，“我”最近开始了自己的咨询业务，以指导进入联邦合同的小公司。mentor在这里的意思是“指导”。故选A。]
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？(　　)
A．The Influence of My Manager
B．The Ripples of the Big Earth Picture
C．The Stress Coming from Responsibilities
D．The Good and the Bad Happenings in My Career
B　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知，作者讲述了他如何通过一张地球的照片找到职业生涯的方向，并通过自己的经验去帮助他人并产生了一定影响力的故事。因此，B选项“大地球照片引起的涟漪”最能概括文章的主题。故选B。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北唐山一模)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question，we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity，people consider two distinctly different views of humanity．The first view involves dominance and power．In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness，Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows．Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm．In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them．
The second view involves the theme of cooperation，mutual respect，and even love as the basis of who we are as humans．Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings，we need both to receive love from and offer love to others．Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart．Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions．For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans，forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness，shown through scientific studies，is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony．Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger．At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments．Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people．
As an important note，when we take a classical philosophical perspective，that of Aristotle，we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality．We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive．The actuality of forgiving，its actual appropriation in conflict situations，develops with practice．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
5．What is Droll's idea about forgiveness？(　　)
A．People should offer mercy to others．
B．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected．
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity．
D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。]
6．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate？(　　)
A．To forgive is to love．
B．To fight is to grow．
C．To dominate is to harm．
D．To give is to receive．
C　[推理判断题。根据第二段所举例子可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony？”以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。]
7．What is the writer's attitude towards forgiveness？(　　)
A．Objective． B．Reserved．
C．Favorable． D．Skeptical．
C　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性方面的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持支持的态度。故选C。]
8．What is the message of the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Forgiveness is in our nature．
B．Forgiveness grows with time．
C．Actuality is based on potentiality．
D．It takes practice to forgive．
D　[段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，该段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。]
Ⅱ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·湖南怀化三模)
你校英文报“Campus Life”栏目正在举办主题为“冲突与妥协”的征文比赛。请你写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1．你的经历；
2．你的感悟。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Conflict and Compromise
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Conflict and Compromise
Conflict is an unavoidable part of campus life，and my own journey has been no exception．Last semester，I found myself in a group project，where each member had a different vision，leading to arguments over ideas and responsibilities．Tensions ran high，and compromise seemed out of reach．
However，through open communication and active listening，we gradually found common ground．We compromised on our individual viewpoints and combined our ideas．The project turned out better than we could have imagined．
This experience has taught me that conflict，when handled constructively，can lead to growth and understanding．
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