资源简介

核心 词汇 1．superb adj．极好的，出色的 2．sow v．播(种) 3．physician n．医生 4．bow v．鞠躬 5．rural adj．农村的，乡村的 6．convert v．使转变；使转换 7．resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 8．ease n．舒适，悠闲 9．attain v．得到，获得 10．fulfilment n．满足(感)
阅读 词汇 1．mimic v．模仿 2．biomimicry n．仿生学 3．dioxide n．二氧化物 4．frontier n．(学科的)知识前沿 5．pond n．池塘 6．echo-location n．回声定位 7．reluctant adj．不情愿的；勉强的 8．decent adj．可接受的，相当好的 9．swimsuit n．游泳衣 10．drone n．无人驾驶飞机 11．superficially adv．表面(上)地 12．cottage n．乡村小屋 13．atop prep．在……顶上 14．domestic adj．驯养的；家养的
拓展 词汇 1．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj．充满智慧的；高明的→unwise adj．不明智的→wisely adv．明智地 2．employ v．使用，运用→employer n．老板，雇主→employee n．员工→employment n．雇用；工作；就业 3．withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤走 4．depressive adj．抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁→depressed adj．沮丧的→depression n．抑郁症；沮丧；萧条期 5．depart v．离开→departure n．离开；启程；登机口 6．purity n．纯洁；洁净→pure adj．纯洁的，纯净的→purify v．使洁净；净化 7．reject v．拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝 8．evaluate v．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估
高频 短语 1．take...for granted 认为……理所当然 2．seek solutions to 寻求解决办法 3．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 4．at ease with 不拘束，放松 5．convert...into (使)……转变为 6．respond to 回应，响应 7．in return for 作为对……的回报 8．draw...from 从……中得到…… 9．be opposed to 反对 10．withdraw from 从……撤出/退出 11．resign oneself to 听任/顺从/只好接 受……
句型 公式 1．The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits．(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。 2．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests．(状语从句的省略) 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发。 3．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived．(while连接并列句，表对比) 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。 4．We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals...(as引导的定语从句) 我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样……
We are used to nature's beauty that we always take for granted．Actually，many 1．architects (architect) take inspiration from nature to make designs for architecture．And we regard this activity as biomimicry 2．which/that employs the connection between nature and human beings' art and science to create structures 3．mimicking(mimic) natural forms and processes．Among them the Algae House is 4．a superb example 5．covered (cover) in panels containing algae．Feeding the algae with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide can encourage them 6．to grow(grow)．In addition 7．to this，in some rural areas，nature's beauty can also be breathtaking．Walking on the lanes at ease 8．enables (enable) people to attain a sense of fulfilment．At the same time，people's souls can 9．be purified (purity)．Fortunately，nowadays the government tries to seek solutions to the preservation of the precious 10．original (origin) ecology．
1．employ v．使用，运用；雇用
①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed (employ) today to draw attention to important truths．
②(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now，Merebeth has been a self-employed (self-employ) pet transport specialist．
③I was employed to seek (seek) solutions to an unexpected accident and I would do whatever I could to take on the job．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
人工智能已经被应用于人类生活的许多方面，人们现在越来越依赖它。
Artificial intelligence has been employed in many aspects of human life，and people are now banking more on it．
◎employ sb．as...雇用某人为……
employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth．＝be employed in doing sth．忙于做某事；从事于某事
◎self-employed adj．个体经营的
◎out of employment失业
◎Overwhelmed with excitement，David and I had fun camping while Mom was employed in chatting happily with the people that also camped there．
我和大卫兴奋不已，在露营时玩得很开心，而妈妈忙着和也在那里露营的人们开心地聊天。
2．resign v．辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
①The sudden resignation (resign) of the financial director caused quite a stir in the company．
②He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job．
③In order to look after her sick mother，my friend decided to resign her position as manager．
　读后续写之心理描写
虽然浑身大汗淋漓，感觉很累，但我不想半途而废。
Although sweating all over and feeling very tired，I didn't want to resign myself to giving up halfway．
◎resign from...从……辞职
◎resign as...辞去……的职务
◎resign oneself to (doing) sth．某人听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
◎resignation n．辞职
◎No matter what happens，I will not resign myself to the so-called fate．
无论发生什么，我都不会顺从于所谓的命运。
3．ease n．容易；舒适，悠闲；自在v．减轻；缓解；(使)宽慰
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease，showing his genius as a composer．
②Knowing that his wife and the children were safe，his mind was at ease．
③If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can not only improve your writing skills but also ease you of study stress．
　读后续写之心理描写
大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我鼓励的话语使他放松了下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。
David was frightened and nervous at the beginning but my encouraging words put/set him at ease and he headed for the starting line with his head raised．
◎at ease 舒适；无拘无束
◎put/set sb．at ease 使某人放松
◎with ease 轻易地
◎ease sb．of sth．减轻某人……的痛苦、负担等
◎For me，I have gained a lot from this club，because communicating with others with ease in English helps me make more friends and enrich my life．
对我来说，我从这个俱乐部中收获到了很多，因为轻松地用英语与他人交流可以帮助我结交更多的朋友，并丰富我的生活。
4．take...for granted认为……理所当然
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)As students，you must take your studies seriously (serious) and accept responsibility for your own learning．
②(译林版必修第三册Unit 4)Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．
③I'd appreciate it if you could take my tips into account and I do hope that your paper will make a difference to environmental protection．
④—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow．
—Take it easy．
　读后续写之主旨升华
从这次经历中我学到了重要的一课——把困难看作是一种考验，并认真对待它们。
From the experience I learned an important lesson—see difficulties as a kind of test and take them seriously．
◎take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
◎take one's time 不着急，慢慢来
◎take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
◎take it easy＝take things easy放轻松；不紧张；从容
◎take sth．seriously 重视某事；严肃/认真对待某事
◎We always take it for granted that oceans can provide us with limitless resources，so we overdevelop our oceans．
我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。
5．[教材原句]Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms．(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)As you make your lifestyle changes，you may find yourself wanting (want) to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing，which can turn itself into a whole household debate．
②Walking in the nature reserve，you'll find yourself attracted (attract) by the amazing scenery．
③With the world becoming a global village，I find it necessary to have (have) a good command of English．
④I hope you'll find my suggestions beneficial (benefit) and I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．
　应用文写作之求助信
由于英语考试屡遭失败，我感到灰心丧气，几乎完全放弃了。
Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I found myself on the point of giving up totally．
该句为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。其常见复合宾语结构：
◎find＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(表示主动)/过去分词(表示被动)/形容词/介词短语
◎find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth．认为做某事 ……
◎Behind this phenomenon，we can find it much attractive to get entertained and relaxed from the top two，while the rest types are much tedious and dull．
在这一现象的背后，我们可以发现，从前两种类型中获得娱乐和放松是非常有吸引力的，而其余类型则是乏味和无聊的。
6．[教材原句]While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived．(while作并列连词)
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①The boss insisted that the plan be carried out at once，while some of managers rejected the plan． 然而
②As we all know，while there is life，there is hope． 只要
③While I was looking through the news online，up came a video of a lovely bear． 当……的时候
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more． 尽管
⑤(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting (conduct) invasive(侵入的)plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection．
　应用文写作之建议信
尽管旅游能够增长你的见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
While travel can broaden your mind，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it．
该句中while作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后分句的对比。while还有以下用法：
◎while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候，在……时”，该从句的省略形式为while doing/done；
◎while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)时，表示转折，意为“虽然，尽管”，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。
◎While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot．
在参观这个展览的同时，我们不仅会欣赏民间艺术品，还会学到很多东西。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Grocery stores try to have enough employees (employ) at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay．
2．According to the rules，a cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke) in the kitchen．
3．Don't play practical jokes on Linda; she takes everything far too seriously (serious)．
4．He resigned from his position yesterday，but his sudden resignation brought much inconvenience to the company．(resign)
5．While approaching (approach) the teachers' office，I felt extremely anxious，with my hands trembling uncontrollably．
6．(2022·北京卷)One Monday morning，while the children were enjoying “free play”，I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break．
7．The boy didn't feel completely at ease when he was asked to sing a pop song before the whole class．
8．If you fulfil your task ahead of time，you will have a sense of fulfilment．(fulfil)
9．On hearing the depressing news，John felt depressed and soon got into a state of depression．(depress)
10．She was forced to withdraw from the game because of a back injury．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．withdraw
(1)With no money left，I must withdraw some from the bank． C
(2)We withdrew to the garden for a private talk． D
(3)No，if we are going to withdraw from our planned marriage，it will be because of your wish，not mine． A
(4)He wanted to withdraw his name from the guest list． B
2．He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem． A
A．v．使用　　 B．v．雇用　　　
C．n．应用
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break． B
A．驯养的 B．家庭的
C．国内的
4．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans． B
A．拒收 B．抛弃　　　　
C．慢待
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
①As is known to us，eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
②What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
③It is known to us that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
2．经常锻炼、均衡饮食以及充足睡眠，所有这些都对一个人的身心健康有很大影响。
Regular exercise，a balanced diet，and sufficient sleep，all of which have a great effect/influence on one's physical and mental health．
3．与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。
There is no harm in paying attention to table manners while eating with friends．
4．很多人喜欢城市生活，然而有些人却在乡村找到了安慰。
Many people prefer city life，while some find solace in the countryside．
假定你是李华，请你以“Man and Nature”为主题写一篇短文参加英文报Youth的有奖征文比赛，内容要点如下：
1．人类从自然界获取灵感；
2．人类向大自然学习的实例；
3．由此得出的感悟。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①人类从诞生之日起，为了满足自身需要，不断从自然界获取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。
From the day of birth，in order to meet the needs of their own，human beings constantly take inspiration from nature and seek solutions to problems．
②人们向蝙蝠学习制造雷达，向池塘中的蜻蜓学习改善飞机的飞行性能。
People learned from bats to make radars，and from dragonflies in ponds to improve the flight performance of airplanes．
③大自然是人类出色的老师，但有些人反对向自然界学习，而且认为这些发明和创造都是理所当然的。
Nature is a superb teacher of human beings，but some people are opposed to learning from nature，and take these inventions and creations for granted．
④人类应和大自然和谐相处，它会带给我们巨大的利益作为回报。
Human beings should live in harmony with nature，which will bring us great benefits in return．
⑤虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不能违背自然规律，否则我们会受到大自然的惩罚。
While human beings dominate the world，we should not violate the laws of nature，otherwise we will be punished by it．
　句式升级
⑥用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句③
Nature is a superb teacher of human beings，but some people are opposed to learning from nature，taking these inventions and creations for granted.
⑦用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句④
Human beings should live in harmony with nature，bringing us great benefits in return.
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
From the day of birth，in order to meet the needs of their own，human beings constantly take inspiration from nature and seek solutions to problems．
For example，people learned from bats to make radars，and from dragonflies in ponds to improve the flight performance of airplanes．Nature is a superb teacher of human beings，but some people are opposed to learning from nature，taking these inventions and creations for granted．
Therefore，human beings should live in harmony with nature，bringing us great benefits in return．While human beings dominate the world，we should not violate the laws of nature，otherwise we will be punished by it．
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 mimic；sow；seek solutions to；take inspiration from；employ；bow；withdraw；depart；reject；ease；attain；physician；decent；deliberately；depressive；reluctant
美句 1．Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms． 2．Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives．
拓展 语料 单词 ask问；answer/reply/respond 回答；announce/declare 宣布；add补充说；whisper 小声说；murmur/mutter 喃喃地说；sigh 叹息道；cry喊叫；shout 大声说；scream 尖叫；roar吼叫；blurt 脱口而出；exclaim 大声说，惊叫；gasp 喘着气说；snap 厉声说；mumble 嘟哝；explain 解释说；insist坚持说；state 陈述；comment/remark 评论；observe 评论；utter出声；stammer 结巴地说
词块 talk in a low voice低声说话；reply with a snort of disgust厌恶地哼了一声回复；talk in a soft tone轻声说话；speak in a rough voice 用粗野的声音说话；murmur a thank-you 喃喃地说声谢谢；let out a surprisingly loud voice发出一个出乎意料的响亮声音；utter a cry of joy 发出欢呼声；question with a serious curiosity带着强烈的好奇心问；point out 指出；talk to oneself 自言自语；murmur to oneself 喃喃自语
句型 1．“You stole something．You will be searched，” he announced． “你偷了东西。你将被搜身。”他郑重地说。 2．I whispered，with my voice trembling，“It isn't me．” 我颤抖着低声说：“不是我。” 3．He approached me，snapped and it seemed as if he would eat me up in one gulp． 他走近我，厉声说话，好像要把我一口吞下去。 4．“I haven't finished; I need more time，” he begged． 他恳求道：“我还没有完成；我需要更多时间。”
　语料运用
①伯牙弹了三年琴，还是不能掌握音乐的奥秘，叹息道：“也许我该撤退了。”
Having played the qin for three years，Boya couldn't master the mystery of music，sighing，“Perhaps I will withdraw．”
②伯牙的老师成连察觉到了他的沮丧，脱口而出道：“我们去东海蓬莱山拜访我的老师吧。”并补充说他会受益匪浅。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Sensing his depression，Boya's teacher Cheng Lian blurted，“Let's visit my teacher on Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea，”adding that he would benefit a lot．
③伯牙欣然接受了老师的建议，出发前往目的地。
Boya responded willingly to his teacher's offer and departed for the destination．
④一到了山上，成连累得喘不过气，他宣布伯牙可以自己练琴了。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
On reaching the mountain，gasping with tiredness，Cheng Lian announced that Boya could practise playing the qin by himself．
⑤伯牙被这壮丽的景色所吸引，激动地喊道：“多美的景色啊！”灵感涌上心头，他坐在地上，创作了那首著名的曲子——《高山流水》。
Attracted by the breathtaking scenery，Boya exclaimed/shouted/cried in excitement，“How splendid the scenery is！” With inspiration welling up in his heart，he sat on the ground，creating the famous composition—High Mountains and Running Water．
⑥伯牙握住老师的手，喃喃地说：“我们可以从大自然中获得灵感。”
Boya held his teacher's hands and murmured/muttered，“We can take inspiration from nature．”
课时数智作业(三十五)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·四川成都模拟)
Participating in art competitions is essential for students to gain formal recognition and impress college admission officers．Today，we have a list of art competitions on regional，national，and international scales．
EarthX Eco-Art Competition
It invites young artists aged 5－22 to create 2-D or 3-D art that illustrates the theme: Protectors for the Planet．The theme can be interpreted in various ways，including individuals taking action towards a more sustainable planet，or highlighting the efforts of environmental leaders working to sustain ecosystems．
Deadline: March 8，2025
The Children's Drawing Contest
Sponsored by International Certification Organization Network，the contest，whose theme this year is “Passing On Our Precious Earth to The Future”，invites children aged 7－15 worldwide to draw the kind of natural environment they would like to live in．48 winners will receive special memorabilia．All entrants will receive a participation prize．Medium: Drawings with any type of paint，pastel，etc．
Deadline: May 31，2025
Science without Borders Challenge
The competition is open to children and young people under the age of 16．We welcome entries from both groups and individuals to create art to promote public awareness of the need to preserve，protect，and restore nature．The theme is “The Sixth Extinction” and you can focus on the protection of endangered species．Acceptable media include paint，pencil，marker，crayon，ink，felt，and oil pastel．
Deadline: March 4，2025
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards，the longest-running literary and art competition in the US，provides opportunities and academic awards for creative young people to express their talent．The theme this year is “Tell Your Climate Story”．Students in the 9th to 12th grades can submit poetry，fiction and non-fiction to show their understanding of environmental issues．
Deadline: June 10，2025
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个艺术比赛的情况。
1．On which date can participants send their entries to EarthX Eco-Art Competition？(　　)
A．May 6，2025． B．March 15，2025．
C．April 28，2025． D．February 9，2025．
D　[细节理解题。根据EarthX Eco-Art Competition部分中的“Deadline: March 8，2025”并结合选项可知，参赛者可于2025年2月9日递交参赛作品给EarthX生态艺术比赛。故选D。]
2．Which competition best suits teenagers who are good at writing poems？(　　)
A．EarthX Eco-Art Competition．
B．The Children's Drawing Contest．
C．Science without Borders Challenge．
D．The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards．
D　[细节理解题。根据The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards部分中的“Students in the 9th to 12th grades can submit poetry，fiction and non-fiction to show their understanding of environmental issues．”可知，The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards最适合擅长写诗的青少年。故选D。]
3．What do the four competitions have in common？(　　)
A．They target students under the age of 20．
B．They are about environmental protection．
C．They require participants to write a story．
D．They only accept entries from individuals．
B　[细节理解题。根据EarthX Eco-Art Competition部分中的“The theme can be interpreted in various ways，including individuals taking action towards a more sustainable planet，or highlighting the efforts of environmental leaders working to sustain ecosystems．”；The Children's Drawing Contest部分中的“Sponsored by International Certification Organization Network，the contest，whose theme this year is ‘Passing On Our Precious Earth to The Future’”；Science without Borders Challenge部分中的“We welcome entries from both groups and individuals to create art to promote public awareness of the need to preserve，protect，and restore nature．”以及The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards部分中的“...to show their understanding of environmental issues．”可知，这四项比赛的共同之处在于都是关于环境保护的。故选B。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·浙江强基联盟模拟)
Trillions of evolution's wonders，red-eyed periodical cicadas (蝉) that have pumps in their heads and jet-like muscles in their bodies，are about to emerge in numbers not seen in decades and possibly centuries．Crawling out from underground every 13 or 17 years，with a collective song as loud as jet engines，the periodical cicadas are nature's kings of the calendar．These black bugs with bulging eyes differ from their greener cousins that come out annually．They stay buried year after year，until they surface and take over a landscape．
This spring，an unusual cicada double population is about to invade a couple of parts of the United States in what the University of Connecticut cicada expert John Cooley called “cicada-geddon”．The last time these two broods (a group of creatures) came out together was in 1803．Thomas Jefferson，the then president，wrote about cicadas in his Garden Book but mistakenly called them locusts (蝗虫)．Usually mistaken for hungry and unrelated locusts，periodical cicadas are more annoying rather than causing great economic damage．They can hurt young trees and some fruit crops，but it's not widespread and can be prevented．
The largest geographic brood in the nation—called Brood ⅪⅩ and coming out every 13 years—is about to march through the Southeast，having already created countless boreholes in the red Georgia clay．It's a sure sign of the coming cicada occupation．“They emerge when the ground warms to 64 degrees，which is happening earlier than it used to because of climate change，” scientists said．“The bugs are brown at first but darken as they mature．”
Soon after the insects appear in large numbers in Georgia and the rest of the Southeast，cicada cousins that come out every 17 years will inundate Illinois．They are Brood ⅩⅢ．“And when you put those two together...you would have more than anywhere else any other time，” the University of Maryland entomologist Paula Shrewsbury said．“These two broods may actually overlap—but probably not interbreed in a small area near central Illinois．”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了周期性蝉的生活习性，它们与其他蝉的区别以及它们可能对环境产生的影响。
4．How are periodical cicadas different from their greener cousins？(　　)
A．They appear once a year．
B．They look more beautiful．
C．They have stronger muscles．
D．They have a longer life circle．
D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Crawling out from underground every 13 or 17 years...differ from their greener cousins that come out annually．They stay buried year after year，until they surface and take over a landscape．”可知，周期性蝉每隔13或17年从地下爬出来，这说明周期性蝉的生命周期更长。故选D。]
5．What is a common belief on periodical cicadas？(　　)
A．They are a type of locusts．
B．They have underestimated advantages．
C．They are Thomas Jefferson's inspiration．
D．They only eat young trees and fruit crops．
A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Usually mistaken for hungry and unrelated locusts，periodical cicadas are more annoying rather than causing great economic damage．”可知，人们普遍认为周期性蝉是蝗虫的一种。故选A。]
6．What can be inferred about Brood ⅪⅩ？(　　)
A．The red Georgia clay is more beneficial to them．
B．Climate change may be confusing their schedules．
C．The adult ones only live 4－6 weeks before they die．
D．They are expected to be found throughout the world．
B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“They emerge when the ground warms to 64 degrees，which is happening earlier than it used to because of climate change”可知，气候变化可能影响了周期性蝉的出现时间，即气候变化可能正在混淆它们的周期时间。故选B。]
7．What can best replace the underlined word “inundate” in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Strike out． B．Give up．
C．Flood into． D．Jump at．
C　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Soon after the insects appear in large numbers in Georgia and the rest of the Southeast，cicada cousins that come out every 17 years will...”和“And when you put those two together...you would have more than anywhere else any other time”可知，这些昆虫数量很多，每17年出现一次的蝉的表亲就会淹没伊利诺伊州，故画线词的含义为“涌入，淹没”。flood into符合题意。故选C。]
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北衡水二模)
There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect．That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society．Put simply，if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't)，you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too．What's more，you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK．
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors．Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting．More recently，conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage．
In Australia，people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was，and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law．They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however，in reality，more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view．The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms．
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage，so too can they help address it．For example，research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help．
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful．Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors．Encouragingly，stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”，or to publicly buy eco-friendly products．
As the research evidence shows，social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors．Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“错误共识效应”，并说明可以通过这一效应背后的心理学原理来实施社会规范，从而鼓励和推广环境友好行为。
8．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect？(　　)
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet．
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts．
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places．
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking．
D　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，心理学中错误共识效应是我们高估自己的行为在社会上的可接受性和普遍性的原因。根据第二段中的“Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting．”可知，吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟就是一个典型例子。故选D。]
9．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching？(　　)
A．It is unacceptable．
B．It is widespread．
C．It is controversial．
D．It is complex.
A　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民认为偷猎是不可接受的。故选A。]
10．What do the underlined words “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean？(　　)
A．Embrace green habits for better health．
B．Make green choices that others can perceive．
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment．
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores．
B　[词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段可知，激发人们对身份的自然渴望成功地吸引了人们，结合画线词后文“或者公开购买环保产品”可知，激发人们对身份的自然渴望能吸引人们作出别人能感知到的绿色生活的选择，故画线词表示“作出别人能感知到的绿色生活的选择”。故选B。]
11．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems？(　　)
A．Understate social norms．
B．Highlight personal responsibilities．
C．Publicize sustainable practices．
D．Encourage technological innovations．
C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段及倒数第二段中的“Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful．”可知，通过社会规范公布其他人的思考和行为信息可以鼓励和推广环境友好行为，因此，宣传可持续实践是一个值得推荐的处理环境问题的方法。故选C。]
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·湖南长沙模拟)
Seven years after a terrible fall left me paralyzed，here I was，with my two teammates，on the way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe's largest ice cap，the Vatnaj kull glacier，unsupported and unassisted．
A year ago，when McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the 1 of reaching this lost world of mountains and ice，yet 2 about whether I'd struggle．But I was eager for 3 and signed on to do the trip with McCann and Jackson，both of whom had spinal cord (脊髓) injuries．
From our start point，we would need to 4 through storm-force winds and overcome the 5 of our injuries．This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life．Roped together，we started toward the frozen horizon， 6 two sledges (雪橇) loaded with equipment behind us．Just 10 minutes into our journey，I was already beginning to feel the 7 on my shoulders and arms．The weight of our equipment was a constant 8 as it dragged stubbornly through the snow behind us．And yet，with each drive of my poles into the snow，I pushed myself further from civilization—and 9 to the man I'd once been．
After 11 tough days，and countless 10 and slips，we approached the eastern edge of the Vatnaj kull glacier．We had beaten the odds， 11 our physical limitations and emerged victorious．
That moment at the 12 affected every aspect of my life and the way I 13 my disability．No longer did I consider myself 14 ，because，if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap，I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with flexibility and 15 ．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在七年前因严重摔伤导致瘫痪后，与两名队友挑战自我，成为首支无支持、无协助的全残障队伍，成功穿越欧洲最大的冰盖——瓦特纳冰川的经历。
(　　)1．A．prospect　 　 B．condition
C．schedule D．observation
A　[根据上文“excited”和下文“reaching this lost world of mountains and ice”可知，瘫痪的作者对于能亲自抵达失落的高山和冰雪世界这一前景感到激动。故选A。]
(　　)2．A．curious B．puzzled
C．enthusiastic D．anxious
D　[根据连词“yet”和“whether I'd struggle”可知，在兴奋的同时，作者也对自己是否能顺利完成这项艰巨的任务充满担忧。故选D。]
(　　)3．A．recovery B．fame
C．adventure D．money
C　[根据下文“signed on to do the trip with McCann and Jackson”可知，作者的冒险精神战胜了担忧，他渴望冒险。故选C。]
(　　)4．A．battle B．live
C．see D．walk
A　[根据下文“through storm-force winds”及语境可知，他们需要和恶劣的天气作斗争和较量。故选A。]
(　　)5．A．powers B．limits
C．sources D．dangers
B　[根据下文“of our injuries”和“We had beaten the odds，__________ our physical limitations and emerged victorious．”可知，他们还需要战胜受伤带来的身体上的极限。故选B。]
(　　)6．A．pushing B．dragging
C．operating D．following
B　[根据下文“behind us”可知，他们是拖着装备前行。故选B。]
(　　)7．A．strength B．responsibility
C．weakness D．pressure
D　[根据上文可知，他们是拖着装备前行，结合下文“on my shoulders and arms”可知，作者的肩膀和手臂上感受到了压力。故选D。]
(　　)8．A．resistance B．protection
C．inspiration D．failure
A　[根据上文“The weight of our equipment”和下文“it dragged stubbornly through the snow behind us”可知，装备的重量是作者一行前行的阻力。故选A。]
(　　)9．A．closer B．harder
C．higher D．deeper
A　[根据上文“further from civilization”可知，离文明和城市越来越远，离冒险目的地越来越近，瘫痪的作者也找回了曾经的自己，离曾经的自己越来越近。故选A。]
(　　)10．A．steps B．turns
C．falls D．tricks
C　[根据“slips”可知，跌倒和滑倒是在行程中常常发生的事情。故选C。]
(　　)11．A．set down B．went beyond
C．kept off D．moved into
B　[根据上文“beaten the odds”和下文“emerged victorious”可知，全残障队伍战胜了困难，超越了身体上的极限，取得了成功。故选B。]
(　　)12．A．edge B．base
C．center D．summit
D　[根据下文“if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap”可知，作者一行成功到达瓦特纳冰川峰顶。故选D。]
(　　)13．A．ignored B．fought
C．perceived D．hid
C　[根据下文“No longer did I consider myself __________”可知，作者改变了对自己残疾的理解。故选C。]
(　　)14．A．successful B．disabled
C．brave D．irresponsible
B　[结合上文并根据下文“because，if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap，I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life”可知，作者认为自己可以克服日常生活中的任何挫折和阻碍，所以不再认为自己残疾。故选B。]
(　　)15．A．curiosity B．sincerity
C．willpower D．innovation
C　[结合上文并根据句中的“flexibility”可知，残疾的作者一行是靠韧性和意志力成功登上瓦特纳冰川峰顶的。故选C。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·辽宁教研教改联合体一模)
假定你是安徽省黄山国家自然保护区的负责人，为了更好地对迎客松进行日常保护，拟招聘一名迎客松守护员。请你撰写一则招聘广告发布在China Daily上，内容包括：
1．工作职责；
2．聘用条件；
3．工作待遇。
注意：1．词数80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答(标题和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)。
Guardian of Welcoming-Guest Pine Wanted
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please contact Miss Wang before 30 July．Inquiries are encouraged but visits declined．
Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve
【参考范文】
Guardian of Welcoming-Guest Pine Wanted
Intending to better guarantee the daily growth of the Welcoming-Guest Pine，Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve of Anhui Province needs to employ a guardian．
The fundamental responsibility for the job is to make sure that nothing harms the tree．Additionally，applicants are expected to check the pine tree more than 3 times a day and take notes recording your observations．Preference will be given to those who are careful，diligent and responsible．What's more，anyone with previous experience is highly welcome．
We can provide you with accommodation，meals and a free medical check．Salary is negotiable．
Please contact Miss Wang before 30 July.Inquiries are encouraged but visits declined.
Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve
1 / 26核心 词汇 1．________ adj．极好的，出色的 2．_____ v．播(种) 3．___________ n．医生 4．_____ v．鞠躬 5．_______ adj．农村的，乡村的 6．_________ v．使转变；使转换 7．________ v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于 8．______ n．舒适，悠闲 9．________ v．得到，获得 10．____________ n．满足(感)
阅读 词汇 1．_______ v．模仿 2．____________ n．仿生学 3．_________ n．二氧化物 4．__________ n．(学科的)知识前沿 5．______ n．池塘 6．_______________ n．回声定位 7．___________ adj．不情愿的；勉强的 8．decent adj．___________ 9．swimsuit n．_____ 10．drone n．________ 11．superficially adv．________ 12．cottage n．______ 13．atop prep．_______ 14．domestic adj．_________
拓展 词汇 1．wisdom n．智慧→______ adj．充满智慧的；高明的→________ adj．不明智的→________ adv．明智地 2．employ v．使用，运用→__________ n．老板，雇主→__________ n．员工→____________ n．雇用；工作；就业 3．withdraw v．退出→____________ n．收回；撤走 4．depressive adj．抑郁的→_________ v．使抑郁→___________ adj．沮丧的→____________ n．抑郁症；沮丧；萧条期 5．depart v．离开→___________ n．离开；启程；登机口 6．purity n．纯洁；洁净→______ adj．纯洁的，纯净的→________ v．使洁净；净化 7．reject v．拒绝接受→___________ n．拒绝 8．evaluate v．评估，评价→____________ n．评估
高频 短语 1．____________________ 认为……理所当然 2．___________________ 寻求解决办法 3．_______________________ 从……中获取灵感 4．______________ 不拘束，放松 5．________________ (使)……转变为 6．____________ 回应，响应 7．in return for __________ 8．draw...from __________ 9．be opposed to ____ 10．withdraw from __________ 11．resign oneself to _______________
句型 公式 1．The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits．(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。 2．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests．(状语从句的省略) 津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发。 3．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived．(while连接并列句，表对比) 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。 4．We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals...(as引导的定语从句) 我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样……
We are used to nature's beauty that we always take for granted．Actually，many 1．____________ (architect) take inspiration from nature to make designs for architecture．And we regard this activity as biomimicry 2．____________ employs the connection between nature and human beings' art and science to create structures 3．___________(mimic) natural forms and processes．Among them the Algae House is 4．___ superb example 5．_________ (cover) in panels containing algae．Feeding the algae with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide can encourage them 6．_________(grow)．In addition 7．____ this，in some rural areas，nature's beauty can also be breathtaking．Walking on the lanes at ease 8．_________ (enable) people to attain a sense of fulfilment．At the same time，people's souls can 9．_____________ (purity)．Fortunately，nowadays the government tries to seek solutions to the preservation of the precious 10．__________ (origin) ecology．
1．employ v．使用，运用；雇用
①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _____________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths．
②(2022·浙江1月卷)For nearly a decade now，Merebeth has been a _______________ (self-employ) pet transport specialist．
③I was employed _________ (seek) solutions to an unexpected accident and I would do whatever I could to take on the job．
　应用文写作之演讲稿
人工智能已经被应用于人类生活的许多方面，人们现在越来越依赖它。
Artificial intelligence _________________________________________________，and people are now banking more on it．
◎employ sb．as...雇用某人为……
employ sb．to do sth．雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth．＝be employed in doing sth．忙于做某事；从事于某事
◎self-employed adj．个体经营的
◎out of employment失业
◎Overwhelmed with excitement，David and I had fun camping while Mom was employed in chatting happily with the people that also camped there．
我和大卫兴奋不已，在露营时玩得很开心，而妈妈忙着和也在那里露营的人们开心地聊天。
2．resign v．辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
①The sudden _____________ (resign) of the financial director caused quite a stir in the company．
②He resigned ______ the company in order to take a more challenging job．
③In order to look after her sick mother，my friend decided to resign her position ____ manager．
　读后续写之心理描写
虽然浑身大汗淋漓，感觉很累，但我不想半途而废。
Although sweating all over and feeling very tired，I didn't want to ____________________________________．
◎resign from...从……辞职
◎resign as...辞去……的职务
◎resign oneself to (doing) sth．某人听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
◎resignation n．辞职
◎No matter what happens，I will not resign myself to the so-called fate．
无论发生什么，我都不会顺从于所谓的命运。
3．ease n．容易；舒适，悠闲；自在v．减轻；缓解；(使)宽慰
①(译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 2)The music moves through technically difficult sections ______ ease，showing his genius as a composer．
②Knowing that his wife and the children were safe，his mind was ____ ease．
③If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can not only improve your writing skills but also ease you ____ study stress．
　读后续写之心理描写
大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我鼓励的话语使他放松了下来，他抬起头朝起跑线走去。
David was frightened and nervous at the beginning but my encouraging words _____________________ and he headed for the starting line with his head raised．
◎at ease 舒适；无拘无束
◎put/set sb．at ease 使某人放松
◎with ease 轻易地
◎ease sb．of sth．减轻某人……的痛苦、负担等
◎For me，I have gained a lot from this club，because communicating with others with ease in English helps me make more friends and enrich my life．
对我来说，我从这个俱乐部中收获到了很多，因为轻松地用英语与他人交流可以帮助我结交更多的朋友，并丰富我的生活。
4．take...for granted认为……理所当然
①(译林版选择性必修第四册Unit 1)As students，you must take your studies ___________ (serious) and accept responsibility for your own learning．
②(译林版必修第三册Unit 4)Now，we scientists take ____ for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know．
③I'd appreciate it if you could take my tips ______ account and I do hope that your paper will make a difference to environmental protection．
④—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow．
—Take ____ easy．
　读后续写之主旨升华
从这次经历中我学到了重要的一课——把困难看作是一种考验，并认真对待它们。
From the experience I learned an important lesson—see difficulties as a kind of test and _____________________．
◎take it for granted that...认为……理所当然
◎take one's time 不着急，慢慢来
◎take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
◎take it easy＝take things easy放轻松；不紧张；从容
◎take sth．seriously 重视某事；严肃/认真对待某事
◎We always take it for granted that oceans can provide us with limitless resources，so we overdevelop our oceans．
我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，因此我们过度开发海洋。
5．[教材原句]Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms．(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)As you make your lifestyle changes，you may find yourself _________ (want) to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing，which can turn itself into a whole household debate．
②Walking in the nature reserve，you'll find yourself ___________ (attract) by the amazing scenery．
③With the world becoming a global village，I find it necessary _________ (have) a good command of English．
④I hope you'll find my suggestions ____________ (benefit) and I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．
　应用文写作之求助信
由于英语考试屡遭失败，我感到灰心丧气，几乎完全放弃了。
Frustrated by frequent failures in my English exams，I __________________ ______________________________．
该句为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。其常见复合宾语结构：
◎find＋宾语＋动词-ing形式(表示主动)/过去分词(表示被动)/形容词/介词短语
◎find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth．认为做某事 ……
◎Behind this phenomenon，we can find it much attractive to get entertained and relaxed from the top two，while the rest types are much tedious and dull．
在这一现象的背后，我们可以发现，从前两种类型中获得娱乐和放松是非常有吸引力的，而其余类型则是乏味和无聊的。
6．[教材原句]While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived．(while作并列连词)
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。
写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①The boss insisted that the plan be carried out at once，while some of managers rejected the plan． ____
②As we all know，while there is life，there is hope． ____
③While I was looking through the news online，up came a video of a lovely bear． ________
④(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more． ____
⑤(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while ____________ (conduct) invasive(侵入的)plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection．
　应用文写作之建议信
尽管旅游能够增长你的见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多时间和金钱不是一个好主意。
____________________________________，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it．
该句中while作并列连词，意为“然而”，表示前后分句的对比。while还有以下用法：
◎while引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候，在……时”，该从句的省略形式为while doing/done；
◎while引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)时，表示转折，意为“虽然，尽管”，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。
◎While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot．
在参观这个展览的同时，我们不仅会欣赏民间艺术品，还会学到很多东西。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．Grocery stores try to have enough ___________ (employ) at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay．
2．According to the rules，a cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ (smoke) in the kitchen．
3．Don't play practical jokes on Linda; she takes everything far too ___________ (serious)．
4．He __________ from his position yesterday，but his sudden _____________ brought much inconvenience to the company．(resign)
5．While _____________ (approach) the teachers' office，I felt extremely anxious，with my hands trembling uncontrollably．
6．(2022·北京卷)One Monday morning，_______ the children were enjoying “free play”，I stepped to the doorway of the classroom to take a break．
7．The boy didn't feel completely ____ ease when he was asked to sing a pop song before the whole class．
8．If you ________ your task ahead of time，you will have a sense of ____________．(fulfil)
9．On hearing the ____________ news，John felt ___________ and soon got into a state of ____________．(depress)
10．She was forced to withdraw ______ the game because of a back injury．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．withdraw
(1)With no money left，I must withdraw some from the bank． ___
(2)We withdrew to the garden for a private talk． ___
(3)No，if we are going to withdraw from our planned marriage，it will be because of your wish，not mine． ___
(4)He wanted to withdraw his name from the guest list． ___
2．He employed an appropriate method to solve the problem． ___
A．v．使用　　 B．v．雇用　　　
C．n．应用
3．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Back downtown during a workday，they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break． ___
A．驯养的 B．家庭的
C．国内的
4．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans． ___
A．拒收 B．抛弃　　　　
C．慢待
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
①___________________，eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
②_____________________ is that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
③___________________ that eating too much junk food is harmful to our health．
2．经常锻炼、均衡饮食以及充足睡眠，所有这些都对一个人的身心健康有很大影响。
Regular exercise，a balanced diet，and sufficient sleep，___________________ _____________________________________________________________．
3．与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。
There is no harm in paying attention to table manners ___________________________．
4．很多人喜欢城市生活，然而有些人却在乡村找到了安慰。
Many people prefer city life，___________________________________________．
假定你是李华，请你以“Man and Nature”为主题写一篇短文参加英文报Youth的有奖征文比赛，内容要点如下：
1．人类从自然界获取灵感；
2．人类向大自然学习的实例；
3．由此得出的感悟。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①人类从诞生之日起，为了满足自身需要，不断从自然界获取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。
From the day of birth，in order to _____________________________，human beings constantly ___________________________________________________．
②人们向蝙蝠学习制造雷达，向池塘中的蜻蜓学习改善飞机的飞行性能。
People __________________________________，and from ____________________ ____________________________________ of airplanes．
③大自然是人类出色的老师，但有些人反对向自然界学习，而且认为这些发明和创造都是理所当然的。
Nature is a superb teacher of human beings，but some people ____________________ _________________，and _____________________________．
④人类应和大自然和谐相处，它会带给我们巨大的利益作为回报。
Human beings should ______________________ nature，_______________________ _______________________．
⑤虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不能违背自然规律，否则我们会受到大自然的惩罚。
_______________________________________，we should not violate the laws of nature，otherwise we will be punished by it．
　句式升级
⑥用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句③
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦用动词-ing形式短语作状语改写句④
_____________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 mimic；sow；seek solutions to；take inspiration from；employ；bow；withdraw；depart；reject；ease；attain；physician；decent；deliberately；depressive；reluctant
美句 1．Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms． 2．Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives．
拓展 语料 单词 ask问；answer/reply/respond 回答；announce/declare 宣布；add补充说；whisper 小声说；murmur/mutter 喃喃地说；sigh 叹息道；cry喊叫；shout 大声说；scream 尖叫；roar吼叫；blurt 脱口而出；exclaim 大声说，惊叫；gasp 喘着气说；snap 厉声说；mumble 嘟哝；explain 解释说；insist坚持说；state 陈述；comment/remark 评论；observe 评论；utter出声；stammer 结巴地说
词块 talk in a low voice低声说话；reply with a snort of disgust厌恶地哼了一声回复；talk in a soft tone轻声说话；speak in a rough voice 用粗野的声音说话；murmur a thank-you 喃喃地说声谢谢；let out a surprisingly loud voice发出一个出乎意料的响亮声音；utter a cry of joy 发出欢呼声；question with a serious curiosity带着强烈的好奇心问；point out 指出；talk to oneself 自言自语；murmur to oneself 喃喃自语
句型 1．“You stole something．You will be searched，” he announced． “你偷了东西。你将被搜身。”他郑重地说。 2．I whispered，with my voice trembling，“It isn't me．” 我颤抖着低声说：“不是我。” 3．He approached me，snapped and it seemed as if he would eat me up in one gulp． 他走近我，厉声说话，好像要把我一口吞下去。 4．“I haven't finished; I need more time，” he begged． 他恳求道：“我还没有完成；我需要更多时间。”
　语料运用
①伯牙弹了三年琴，还是不能掌握音乐的奥秘，叹息道：“也许我该撤退了。”
Having played the qin for three years，Boya couldn't _____________________________，_________，“Perhaps I will withdraw．”
②伯牙的老师成连察觉到了他的沮丧，脱口而出道：“我们去东海蓬莱山拜访我的老师吧。”并补充说他会受益匪浅。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
Sensing his depression，Boya's teacher Cheng Lian blurted，“Let's visit my teacher on Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea，”____________________________________．
③伯牙欣然接受了老师的建议，出发前往目的地。
Boya responded willingly to his teacher's offer and ____________________．
④一到了山上，成连累得喘不过气，他宣布伯牙可以自己练琴了。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
On reaching the mountain，________________________，Cheng Lian announced that Boya could practise playing the qin by himself．
⑤伯牙被这壮丽的景色所吸引，激动地喊道：“多美的景色啊！”灵感涌上心头，他坐在地上，创作了那首著名的曲子——《高山流水》。
Attracted by the breathtaking scenery，Boya _________________________，“How splendid the scenery is！” With inspiration welling up in his heart，he sat on the ground，creating the famous composition—High Mountains and Running Water．
⑥伯牙握住老师的手，喃喃地说：“我们可以从大自然中获得灵感。”
Boya ________________________________________________，“We can take inspiration from nature．”
1 / 15课时数智作业(三十五)
选择性必修第三册　Unit 5　Learning from nature
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时6分钟)
(2024·四川成都模拟)
Participating in art competitions is essential for students to gain formal recognition and impress college admission officers．Today，we have a list of art competitions on regional，national，and international scales．
EarthX Eco-Art Competition
It invites young artists aged 5－22 to create 2-D or 3-D art that illustrates the theme: Protectors for the Planet．The theme can be interpreted in various ways，including individuals taking action towards a more sustainable planet，or highlighting the efforts of environmental leaders working to sustain ecosystems．
Deadline: March 8，2025
The Children's Drawing Contest
Sponsored by International Certification Organization Network，the contest，whose theme this year is “Passing On Our Precious Earth to The Future”，invites children aged 7－15 worldwide to draw the kind of natural environment they would like to live in．48 winners will receive special memorabilia．All entrants will receive a participation prize．Medium: Drawings with any type of paint，pastel，etc．
Deadline: May 31，2025
Science without Borders Challenge
The competition is open to children and young people under the age of 16．We welcome entries from both groups and individuals to create art to promote public awareness of the need to preserve，protect，and restore nature．The theme is “The Sixth Extinction” and you can focus on the protection of endangered species．Acceptable media include paint，pencil，marker，crayon，ink，felt，and oil pastel．
Deadline: March 4，2025
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards
The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards，the longest-running literary and art competition in the US，provides opportunities and academic awards for creative young people to express their talent．The theme this year is “Tell Your Climate Story”．Students in the 9th to 12th grades can submit poetry，fiction and non-fiction to show their understanding of environmental issues．
Deadline: June 10，2025
1．On which date can participants send their entries to EarthX Eco-Art Competition？(　　)
A．May 6，2025． B．March 15，2025．
C．April 28，2025． D．February 9，2025．
2．Which competition best suits teenagers who are good at writing poems？(　　)
A．EarthX Eco-Art Competition．
B．The Children's Drawing Contest．
C．Science without Borders Challenge．
D．The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards．
3．What do the four competitions have in common？(　　)
A．They target students under the age of 20．
B．They are about environmental protection．
C．They require participants to write a story．
D．They only accept entries from individuals．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·浙江强基联盟模拟)
Trillions of evolution's wonders，red-eyed periodical cicadas (蝉) that have pumps in their heads and jet-like muscles in their bodies，are about to emerge in numbers not seen in decades and possibly centuries．Crawling out from underground every 13 or 17 years，with a collective song as loud as jet engines，the periodical cicadas are nature's kings of the calendar．These black bugs with bulging eyes differ from their greener cousins that come out annually．They stay buried year after year，until they surface and take over a landscape．
This spring，an unusual cicada double population is about to invade a couple of parts of the United States in what the University of Connecticut cicada expert John Cooley called “cicada-geddon”．The last time these two broods (a group of creatures) came out together was in 1803．Thomas Jefferson，the then president，wrote about cicadas in his Garden Book but mistakenly called them locusts (蝗虫)．Usually mistaken for hungry and unrelated locusts，periodical cicadas are more annoying rather than causing great economic damage．They can hurt young trees and some fruit crops，but it's not widespread and can be prevented．
The largest geographic brood in the nation—called Brood ⅪⅩ and coming out every 13 years—is about to march through the Southeast，having already created countless boreholes in the red Georgia clay．It's a sure sign of the coming cicada occupation．“They emerge when the ground warms to 64 degrees，which is happening earlier than it used to because of climate change，” scientists said．“The bugs are brown at first but darken as they mature．”
Soon after the insects appear in large numbers in Georgia and the rest of the Southeast，cicada cousins that come out every 17 years will inundate Illinois．They are Brood ⅩⅢ．“And when you put those two together...you would have more than anywhere else any other time，” the University of Maryland entomologist Paula Shrewsbury said．“These two broods may actually overlap—but probably not interbreed in a small area near central Illinois．”
4．How are periodical cicadas different from their greener cousins？(　　)
A．They appear once a year．
B．They look more beautiful．
C．They have stronger muscles．
D．They have a longer life circle．
5．What is a common belief on periodical cicadas？(　　)
A．They are a type of locusts．
B．They have underestimated advantages．
C．They are Thomas Jefferson's inspiration．
D．They only eat young trees and fruit crops．
6．What can be inferred about Brood ⅪⅩ？(　　)
A．The red Georgia clay is more beneficial to them．
B．Climate change may be confusing their schedules．
C．The adult ones only live 4－6 weeks before they die．
D．They are expected to be found throughout the world．
7．What can best replace the underlined word “inundate” in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Strike out． B．Give up．
C．Flood into． D．Jump at．
C 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·河北衡水二模)
There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect．That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society．Put simply，if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't)，you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too．What's more，you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK．
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors．Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting．More recently，conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage．
In Australia，people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was，and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law．They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however，in reality，more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view．The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms．
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage，so too can they help address it．For example，research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help．
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful．Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors．Encouragingly，stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”，or to publicly buy eco-friendly products．
As the research evidence shows，social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors．Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
8．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect？(　　)
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet．
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts．
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places．
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking．
9．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching？(　　)
A．It is unacceptable．
B．It is widespread．
C．It is controversial．
D．It is complex.
10．What do the underlined words “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean？(　　)
A．Embrace green habits for better health．
B．Make green choices that others can perceive．
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment．
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores．
11．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems？(　　)
A．Understate social norms．
B．Highlight personal responsibilities．
C．Publicize sustainable practices．
D．Encourage technological innovations．
Ⅱ．完形填空(限时12分钟)
(2024·湖南长沙模拟)
Seven years after a terrible fall left me paralyzed，here I was，with my two teammates，on the way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe's largest ice cap，the Vatnaj kull glacier，unsupported and unassisted．
A year ago，when McCann first suggested making the 100-mile trip，I was excited by the 1 of reaching this lost world of mountains and ice，yet 2 about whether I'd struggle．But I was eager for 3 and signed on to do the trip with McCann and Jackson，both of whom had spinal cord (脊髓) injuries．
From our start point，we would need to 4 through storm-force winds and overcome the 5 of our injuries．This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life．Roped together，we started toward the frozen horizon， 6 two sledges (雪橇) loaded with equipment behind us．Just 10 minutes into our journey，I was already beginning to feel the 7 on my shoulders and arms．The weight of our equipment was a constant 8 as it dragged stubbornly through the snow behind us．And yet，with each drive of my poles into the snow，I pushed myself further from civilization—and 9 to the man I'd once been．
After 11 tough days，and countless 10 and slips，we approached the eastern edge of the Vatnaj kull glacier．We had beaten the odds， 11 our physical limitations and emerged victorious．
That moment at the 12 affected every aspect of my life and the way I 13 my disability．No longer did I consider myself 14 ，because，if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap，I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with flexibility and 15 ．
(　　)1．A．prospect　 　 B．condition
C．schedule D．observation
(　　)2．A．curious B．puzzled
C．enthusiastic D．anxious
(　　)3．A．recovery B．fame
C．adventure D．money
(　　)4．A．battle B．live
C．see D．walk
(　　)5．A．powers B．limits
C．sources D．dangers
(　　)6．A．pushing B．dragging
C．operating D．following
(　　)7．A．strength B．responsibility
C．weakness D．pressure
(　　)8．A．resistance B．protection
C．inspiration D．failure
(　　)9．A．closer B．harder
C．higher D．deeper
(　　)10．A．steps B．turns
C．falls D．tricks
(　　)11．A．set down B．went beyond
C．kept off D．moved into
(　　)12．A．edge B．base
C．center D．summit
(　　)13．A．ignored B．fought
C．perceived D．hid
(　　)14．A．successful B．disabled
C．brave D．irresponsible
(　　)15．A．curiosity B．sincerity
C．willpower D．innovation
Ⅲ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2024·辽宁教研教改联合体一模)
假定你是安徽省黄山国家自然保护区的负责人，为了更好地对迎客松进行日常保护，拟招聘一名迎客松守护员。请你撰写一则招聘广告发布在China Daily上，内容包括：
1．工作职责；
2．聘用条件；
3．工作待遇。
注意：1．词数80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答(标题和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数)。
Guardian of Welcoming-Guest Pine Wanted
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please contact Miss Wang before 30 July．Inquiries are encouraged but visits declined．
Mount Huangshan Nature Reserve
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