资源简介

核心 词汇 1．__________ v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴 趣，引起……的好奇心 2．______ v．将……埋在下面 3．______ n．残垣断壁，废墟 4．_________ v．拒绝考虑，否定 5．_________ v．后退；离开；退避 6．________ v．退缩，畏缩 7．_____________ adv．此外；而且；不仅如此 8．_________ adv．向上，朝上 9．___________ n．物质
阅读 词汇 1．_________ n．金字塔 2．_______ n．运河 3．__________ adj．来自热带的；产于热带的 4．__________ n．衰败 5．_________ n．逃跑，逃走 6．________ v．克制，抑制(情绪) 7．delve v．_______ 8．shipwreck n．_________ 9．archaeological adj．__________ 10．coral n．____ 11．millimetre n．____ 12．equivalent adj．_____________ 13．stack v．_____________ 14．vol(＝volume) n．_________
拓展 词汇 1．civilisation n．文明(社会)→__________ v．使文明；使有教养→___________ adj．文明的 2．astronomy n．天文学→___________ n．宇航员 3．abandon v．离弃，逃离→___________ adj．被抛弃的；废弃的 4．expansion n．扩大；增加→________ v．扩大；增加 5．investigation n．调查→_____________ v．调查；研究 6．notable adj．显要的；显著的；值得注意的→______ v．注意；特别提到 7．drilling n．钻探；勘探→_______ v．钻孔；打眼；操练
高频 短语 1．fall into ruin _______________ 2．make a getaway _______ 3．apply...to... __________ 4．check out _______ 5．test the waters _______ 6．steer clear of _____________ 7．set out _____________ 8．throw oneself into ____________ 9．_____________ 再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．_____________ 避免做，不愿做 11．___________ 调查(问题) 12．____________________ 与……相符/一致 13．_____________________ 提供了解……的一个 窗口/渠道 14．_____________________ 超出……的能力范围
句型 公式 1．It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables．(with复合结构) 它包含800多个字符，一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些符号代表音节。 2．The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious．(that引导同位语从句) 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得它的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。 3．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。 4．Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装) 全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。 5．Furthermore，the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources，some of which are completely new to us．(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) 此外，海洋是珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。
While diving in the deep waters of a trench，some divers happened to find a whole city 1．________ (bury) beneath the waves as well as a shipwreck 2．____________ was full of corals．This 3．___________ (discover) intrigued some archaeologists．They 4．_____________ (immediate) threw themselves into studying the history of the city and 5．__________ it fell into ruin．In the middle of the investigation，they suddenly found some 6．____________ (mystery) creatures swimming around them．They subdued their fear and 7．___________ (continue) their investigation．But with the expansion of the number of these strange creatures，they realized a notable problem—8．____ was not safe to continue staying in the water．After thinking 9．_______ (two)，they decided to stop 10．_________ (delve) deeper and abandon the city as well as the ship，retreat and make a getaway．After all，life is the most important．
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and _________ (bury) her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily．
②________(bury)in the newspaper，she didn't notice a thief steal her purse．
③They buried ____________ (them) in their studies，in the belief that they would serve the country with their knowledge．
　读后续写之心理描写
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms．
①David still refused to look at me，__________________________________．(with复合结构)
②David still refused to look at me，_____________________________．(独立主格结构)
◎bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
◎be buried in专心于；被埋在……
◎bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
◎I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of knowledge．
我每天专心读英文报并获得了许多知识。
2．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏；破产 v．毁坏；使破产
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，a large city lay ____ ruins．
②It rained for one week on end，completely _________ (ruin) our holidays．
③Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen ______ ruin．
　读后续写之情感描写
突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起来。
The unexpected earthquake ______________________．Seeing our city in ruins，we buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears．
◎lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
◎be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎fall into ruin 衰落，败落
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future．
你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。
3．abandon v．离弃，逃离；抛弃；放弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情) n．放纵；放任
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel ___________ (abandon)．
②We sang，danced，and laughed ______ abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives．
③They abandoned __________ (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
④____________ (abandon) himself to the music，he closed his eyes and let the rhythm and melody wash over him．
　读后续写之情感描写
听到申请被拒绝，她大哭起来，陷入绝望。
①Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and ______________________________．
②Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and __________________________．
◎abandon oneself to陷入；沉溺于
◎abandon doing...放弃做……
◎with abandon尽情地，放纵地
◎be abandoned to沉湎于……
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window．
我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，于是我走过那座废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破窗户。
4．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发
①(北师大版必修第一册Unit 1)I'm a “go-getter” — when I set _____ to do something，I do my best to achieve it．
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set ____ for a family．
③Our school appeals to the students to set _______ at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to improve learning efficiency．
　应用文写作之倡议书
2009年，联合国正式将6月8日命名为世界海洋日。建立世界海洋日的目的是提高人们保护海洋的意识。
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day，which ________________________________________________________．
◎set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不考虑；撤销
◎set off 出发；引发；使爆炸
◎set up 建立；安装好；安排
◎set down 写下；记下
◎set about doing sth．着手做某事
◎set out to do sth．着手做某事
◎The moment we arrived at the farm，we set about picking/set out to pick apples joyfully．
我们一到农场，就开始高兴地摘苹果。
5．[教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装)
全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
①When I was looking at the door，in ______ (come) a girl，wearing a white skirt．
②Among the collections _____ (be) some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world．
③Such ____ (be) my uncle，a warm-hearted and generous person，who is always ready to help others in trouble．
④They arrived at an old church，in front of which _______ (stand) a big crowd of people．
　读后续写之场面描写
当大卫冲过终点线时，人群中响起了雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。
The moment David crossed the finish line came then；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．
→____________________________________________________；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．(倒装句)
该句为完全倒装。其他常用情况还有：
◎作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；
◎表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)In the spiderwebs was a hummingbird，struggling to escape and I freed it with great care．蜘蛛网上有一只蜂鸟，挣扎着逃跑，我小心翼翼地把它救了出来。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The next morning he hired a boat and set out _________ (find) the well-known painter．
2．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to _______ (ruin)，the city takes on a new look now．
3．She still corresponds ______ friends she met in France nine years ago．
4．At the foot of the mountain ______ (lie) a village，where people still live a peaceful life．
5．First，we should make some ________________ (investigate)，turn to our teachers for help and consult some experts．
6．All of these activities contributed to a great age of ___________ (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods，knowledge and ideas．
7．The people there ___________ the city．Then the ___________ city gradually fell into ruin．(abandon)
8．Nowadays more and more young people throw ____________ (they) into voluntary work．
9．Don't leave the water _________ (run) while you brush your teeth．
10．Lying on the floor _____ (be) two boys who ____________ (bury) in comic books．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．check out
A．调查；了解……的情况　B．检查　C．结账离开
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use． ___
(2)According to regulations of this hotel，guests should check out of their rooms by noon． ___
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？ ___
2．dismiss
A．消除，去除　B．解雇，免职　C．解散　D．拒绝考虑
(1)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence． ___
(2)The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting． ___
(3)The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand． ___
(4)Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher． ___
3．My sweater shrank in the wash． ___
A．缩水 B．(使)减少　　C．退缩
4．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ ___
A．废墟 　　　
B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
5．LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cell phones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016． ___
A．逃离
B．放纵
C．丢弃
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．借了所有他感兴趣的书后，他离开图书馆回到了宿舍。
①____________________________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
②__________________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
③_____________________________________________，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
2．想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷了路，我感到背上一阵阵发冷。
The thought ______________________________________________ sent shivers down my spine．
3．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶烧着就出去了。
His house caught fire，because he went out but _____________________ __________________．
4．Jane's husband who suffered great anxiety stood at the front door when she was nowhere to be found．
→________________________________________ who suffered great anxiety when she was nowhere to be found．
假如你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗争。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同观点中有三个较可靠的观点。
Three relatively reliable ones are among all ______________________________ ______________ for the extinction of dinosaurs．
②地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被冻死。
The sudden change of the earth's climate _____________________ and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．
③根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。
According to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift ________________________________，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．
④新物种——恐龙的天敌——出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。
New species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs ______________，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce their babies．
⑤随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从地球上消失的。
As time goes by，the bodies of dinosaurs __________________________ and become fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
　句式升级
⑥用倒装句改写句①
_____________________________________________________________________
⑦用with复合结构改写句⑤
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　妙笔成篇
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 abandon；subdue；retreat；shrink；pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；the unknown；uncharted；coral；trench；vessel
美句 1．The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing． 2．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction．
拓展 语料 写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：
诀窍一： 因学习知识而成长 As the old saying goes，it's never too late to learn．Each individual has access to more challenges and makes great progress through great efforts． 正如那句老话所说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得巨大的进步。
诀窍二： 因不懈努力而成长 It was at that moment that I realized that everything was possible if I put my heart into it and made efforts constantly． 就在那一刻，我意识到，如果我全心投入并不断努力，一切皆有可能。
诀窍三： 因追求梦想而成长 Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are looking forward to． 只有勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。
诀窍四： 因克服恐惧而成长 So thrilled was I that I could hardly contain my tears，knowing that I had conquered my inner fear and given a memorable performance． 我激动得几乎控制不住我的眼泪，因为我知道我已经克服了内心的恐惧，做了一场难忘的表演。
诀窍五： 因克服自卑而成长 As the room quieted，Jack returned to his seat，his heart lighter，knowing that he had made a great impression on his teachers and classmates by overcoming inferiority． 当房间安静下来时，杰克回到座位上，他的心情变得轻松起来，因为他知道自己克服了自卑，给老师和同学留下了深刻的印象。
诀窍六： 因战胜困难而成长 With the difficulties overcome，I stood taller，my eyes fixed firmly on the future，knowing that I was now equipped with the courage and skills to achieve anything I desired． 困难被克服后，我站得更直了，目光坚定地注视着未来，因为我知道自己已经具备了实现任何愿望的勇气和技能。
诀窍七： 因不放弃而成长 Despite feeling exhausted，Tom refused to give up．His head held high and his chest thrust forward，he pressed on towards the finish line． 尽管汤姆感到疲惫不堪，汤姆还是拒绝放弃。他昂起头，挺胸向前，奋力冲向终点线。
　语料运用
①我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。
I have been throwing myself into reading awesome undersea adventure stories，__________________________________________．
②一旦主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。(倒装句)
Once the main characters came across difficulties，neither would they retreat ________________________________________________________．
③相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。
Instead，they _______________________________ the mysterious deep sea．
④他们绝不会放弃探索神秘的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。
In no way would they ___________________________________________．Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives，they wouldn't retreat．
⑤从这些故事中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。
From the stories，_________________ never is the journey to success smooth．_______________________________________________．
⑥我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。
We ought to be courageous enough to face them．As long as we don't quit and _______________________________________，we will definitely achieve our ambitions．
⑦我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。
I believe that ___________________________ I can become a deep-sea explorer．
1 / 14课时数智作业(四十一)
选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖北襄阳一模)
As a mushroom scientist，you are vastly outnumbered，with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌)，the majority of which are yet to be identified．However，professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species．An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged，bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals．These amateurs have even made significant discoveries．One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood，a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer．
In 1984，while living on the Mendocino coast of California，Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms．“Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms，” he says．“And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said，‘Taylor，go out and tell the world how pretty we are．’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature．His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots．
In the Monongahela National Forest，Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves．Upon deeper investigation，fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom，which is a rare find．“Mushrooms are not like plants，” Rossman says．“They don't come up at the same time every year，and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits．” Rossman says that's why it's so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye．
A few years ago，Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren't sufficient，so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms．“When I do time-lapse，I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects，worms and other small creatures interacting with them，” he says．Lockwood's love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time．Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work，he identifies himself as an artist at heart．
1．What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1？(　　)
A．They keep close track of the growth of fungi．
B．They help identify new species of mushrooms．
C．They replace professional scientists in the field．
D．They classify the majority of mushroom species．
2．What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms？(　　)
A．His desire for knowledge．
B．His curiosity about nature．
C．The beauty of nearby mushrooms．
D．The appeal of outdoor photography．
3．Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Skilled and observant．
B．Focused and flexible．
C．Talented and optimistic．
D．Organized and responsible．
4．Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms？(　　)
A．To improve his photography techniques．
B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way．
C．To collect biological data for deeper research．
D．To use a new approach to scientific studies．
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·广东汕头模拟)
Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare，new research suggests． Traditionally，zoos have focused on more straightforward measures．
The new review，by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester，says zoos have made great improvements in recent years，but closer observation of animal behaviour—a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment，developed in farming—could show even more about their state of mind．
An animal's positioning of its body，facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited，calm，interested，nervous，relaxed，etc．
“Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals，and they will often recognise an animal's state of mind by its behaviour and body language，” said Dr． Paul Rose，of the University of Exeter．
“What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this，carried out over time．”
“Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal，and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos． For example，lions have a lot of facial expressions，and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals' state of mind． This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets，feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept．”
Dr． Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre，and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression．
“We're looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat，which could show what they're feeling，” he said． “When they're unsure，they appear to move less and be more careful，and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies．”
The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos． “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years，and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals，” Dr． Rose said．
5．How to improve zoo animals' welfare？(　　)
A．More focus on animals' eating and sleep．
B．Closer observation of zoo animals' behaviours．
C．More attention to zoo animals' state of mind．
D．Adoption of more straightforward measures．
6．What is the function of lions as an example？(　　)
A．To show body language vary from animal to animal．
B．To show the significance of animal body language．
C．To show lions are rich in their facial expressions．
D．To show lions are treated well in zoos．
7．What does Dr． Rose's research of swans suggest？(　　)
A．They usually explore their habitat．
B．They always draw their feathers close to their bodies．
C．They move little in fearful situations．
D．They spend little time in their habitat．
8．What can we know from the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing．
B．Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful．
C．Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals．
D．Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language．
Ⅱ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·湖南长沙模拟)
假定你是李华，近日参加了学校的创意手工作品展，外籍笔友David对你的作品很感兴趣。请用英语给他写封邮件，介绍你的作品及感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear David，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
1 / 5核心 词汇 1．intrigue v．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴 趣，引起……的好奇心 2．bury v．将……埋在下面 3．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟 4．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定 5．retreat v．后退；离开；退避 6．shrink v．退缩，畏缩 7．furthermore adv．此外；而且；不仅如此 8．upwards adv．向上，朝上 9．substance n．物质
阅读 词汇 1．pyramid n．金字塔 2．canal n．运河 3．tropical adj．来自热带的；产于热带的 4．downfall n．衰败 5．getaway n．逃跑，逃走 6．subdue v．克制，抑制(情绪) 7．delve v．探索，探究 8．shipwreck n．失事的船；沉船 9．archaeological adj．考古学的；考古的 10．coral n．珊瑚 11．millimetre n．毫米 12．equivalent adj．等同的；等值的；相当的 13．stack v．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 14．vol(＝volume) n．(书的)卷，册
拓展 词汇 1．civilisation n．文明(社会)→civilise v．使文明；使有教养→civilised adj．文明的 2．astronomy n．天文学→astronaut n．宇航员 3．abandon v．离弃，逃离→abandoned adj．被抛弃的；废弃的 4．expansion n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大；增加 5．investigation n．调查→investigate v．调查；研究 6．notable adj．显要的；显著的；值得注意的→note v．注意；特别提到 7．drilling n．钻探；勘探→drill v．钻孔；打眼；操练
高频 短语 1．fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落 2．make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 3．apply...to... 把……应用于…… 4．check out 调查，检查 5．test the waters 试水，试探 6．steer clear of 避开……；从……处脱身 7．set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途 8．throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 9．think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑 10．shrink from 避免做，不愿做 11．look into 调查(问题) 12．correspond to/with 与……相符/一致 13．offer a window into 提供了解……的一个 窗口/渠道 14．beyond the reach of 超出……的能力范围
句型 公式 1．It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables．(with复合结构) 它包含800多个字符，一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些符号代表音节。 2．The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious．(that引导同位语从句) 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得它的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。 3．Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future．(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。 4．Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装) 全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。 5．Furthermore，the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources，some of which are completely new to us．(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) 此外，海洋是珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。
While diving in the deep waters of a trench，some divers happened to find a whole city 1．buried (bury) beneath the waves as well as a shipwreck 2．which/that was full of corals．This 3．discovery (discover) intrigued some archaeologists．They 4．immediately (immediate) threw themselves into studying the history of the city and 5．how/ why it fell into ruin．In the middle of the investigation，they suddenly found some 6．mysterious (mystery) creatures swimming around them．They subdued their fear and 7．continued (continue) their investigation．But with the expansion of the number of these strange creatures，they realized a notable problem—8．it was not safe to continue staying in the water．After thinking 9．twice (two)，they decided to stop 10．delving (delve) deeper and abandon the city as well as the ship，retreat and make a getaway．After all，life is the most important．
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying (bury) her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily．
②Buried(bury)in the newspaper，she didn't notice a thief steal her purse．
③They buried themselves (them) in their studies，in the belief that they would serve the country with their knowledge．
　读后续写之心理描写
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms．
①David still refused to look at me，with his head buried in his arms．(with复合结构)
②David still refused to look at me，his head buried in his arms．(独立主格结构)
◎bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
◎be buried in专心于；被埋在……
◎bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
◎I am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained lots of knowledge．
我每天专心读英文报并获得了许多知识。
2．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟；毁坏；破产 v．毁坏；使破产
①(人教版必修第一册Unit 4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt．In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins．
②It rained for one week on end，completely ruining (ruin) our holidays．
③Because of the fire，all the people left and the whole village has fallen into ruin．
　读后续写之情感描写
突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起来。
The unexpected earthquake ruined our city/brought our city to ruin．Seeing our city in ruins，we buried our faces in our hands，bursting into tears．
◎lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
◎be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
◎fall into ruin 衰落，败落
◎ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
◎You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future．
你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。
3．abandon v．离弃，逃离；抛弃；放弃；中止；陷入，沉湎于(某种感情) n．放纵；放任
①(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned (abandon)．
②We sang，danced，and laughed with abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives．
③They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money．
④Abandoning (abandon) himself to the music，he closed his eyes and let the rhythm and melody wash over him．
　读后续写之情感描写
听到申请被拒绝，她大哭起来，陷入绝望。
①Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and abandoned herself to despair．
②Hearing that the application has been rejected，she burst into tears and was abandoned to despair．
◎abandon oneself to陷入；沉溺于
◎abandon doing...放弃做……
◎with abandon尽情地，放纵地
◎be abandoned to沉湎于……
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)I still remembered my friends' promise so I went past the abandoned milking house to see if they had fixed the broken window．
我仍然记得朋友们的承诺，于是我走过那座废弃的挤奶房，看看他们是否修好了破窗户。
4．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发
①(北师大版必修第一册Unit 1)I'm a “go-getter” — when I set out to do something，I do my best to achieve it．
②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set up for a family．
③Our school appeals to the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to improve learning efficiency．
　应用文写作之倡议书
2009年，联合国正式将6月8日命名为世界海洋日。建立世界海洋日的目的是提高人们保护海洋的意识。
June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day，which was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans．
◎set aside 留出；把……放置一旁；不考虑；撤销
◎set off 出发；引发；使爆炸
◎set up 建立；安装好；安排
◎set down 写下；记下
◎set about doing sth．着手做某事
◎set out to do sth．着手做某事
◎The moment we arrived at the farm，we set about picking/set out to pick apples joyfully．
我们一到农场，就开始高兴地摘苹果。
5．[教材原句]Lying under waters across the globe are an estimated three million shipwrecks．(完全倒装)
全球水域下沉睡着约三百万艘沉船残骸。
①When I was looking at the door，in came (come) a girl，wearing a white skirt．
②Among the collections are (be) some delicate Chinese vases，which appeal to visitors from all over the world．
③Such is (be) my uncle，a warm-hearted and generous person，who is always ready to help others in trouble．
④They arrived at an old church，in front of which stood (stand) a big crowd of people．
　读后续写之场面描写
当大卫冲过终点线时，人群中响起了雷鸣般的掌声和欢呼声。
The moment David crossed the finish line came then；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．
→Then came the moment David crossed the finish line；thunderous applause and cheers rose from the crowd．(倒装句)
该句为完全倒装。其他常用情况还有：
◎作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；
◎表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；
◎代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。
◎(2023·浙江1月卷)In the spiderwebs was a hummingbird，struggling to escape and I freed it with great care．蜘蛛网上有一只蜂鸟，挣扎着逃跑，我小心翼翼地把它救了出来。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find (find) the well-known painter．
2．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin)，the city takes on a new look now．
3．She still corresponds with friends she met in France nine years ago．
4．At the foot of the mountain lies (lie) a village，where people still live a peaceful life．
5．First，we should make some investigations (investigate)，turn to our teachers for help and consult some experts．
6．All of these activities contributed to a great age of expansion (expand) as trade and cultural exchanges gave people access to new goods，knowledge and ideas．
7．The people there abandoned the city．Then the abandoned city gradually fell into ruin．(abandon)
8．Nowadays more and more young people throw themselves (they) into voluntary work．
9．Don't leave the water running (run) while you brush your teeth．
10．Lying on the floor are (be) two boys who are buried (bury) in comic books．
Ⅱ．一词多义/熟词生义
1．check out
A．调查；了解……的情况　B．检查　C．结账离开
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use． B
(2)According to regulations of this hotel，guests should check out of their rooms by noon． C
(3)(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？ A
2．dismiss
A．消除，去除　B．解雇，免职　C．解散　D．拒绝考虑
(1)He has been dismissed from his job for incompetence． B
(2)The professor dismissed the class early because she had a meeting． C
(3)The suggestion should not be dismissed out of hand． D
(4)Dismissing her fears，she climbed higher． A
3．My sweater shrank in the wash． A
A．缩水 B．(使)减少　　C．退缩
4．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？ B
A．废墟 　　　
B．破坏
C．使破产，使垮台
5．LoveFone，a company that advocates repairing cell phones rather than abandoning them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016． C
A．逃离
B．放纵
C．丢弃
Ⅲ．写作迁移
1．借了所有他感兴趣的书后，他离开图书馆回到了宿舍。
①After all the books he was interested in had been borrowed，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
②With all the books he was interested in borrowed，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
③All the books he was interested in borrowed，he left the library and went back to his dorm．
2．想到我们可能在这样的黑暗中迷了路，我感到背上一阵阵发冷。
The thought that we might have got lost in such darkness sent shivers down my spine．
3．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶烧着就出去了。
His house caught fire，because he went out but left the stove burning in the kitchen．
4．Jane's husband who suffered great anxiety stood at the front door when she was nowhere to be found．
→At the front door stood Jane's husband who suffered great anxiety when she was nowhere to be found．
假如你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗争。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　写作微练
①在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同观点中有三个较可靠的观点。
Three relatively reliable ones are among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs．
②地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被冻死。
The sudden change of the earth's climate caused them to ruin and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．
③根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。
According to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift made the land become the ocean，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．
④新物种——恐龙的天敌——出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。
New species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs with abandon，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce their babies．
⑤随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从地球上消失的。
As time goes by，the bodies of dinosaurs are buried in the ground and become fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
　句式升级
⑥用倒装句改写句①
Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones.
⑦用with复合结构改写句⑤
With time going by，the bodies of dinosaurs are buried in the ground and become fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet.
　妙笔成篇
【参考范文】
Hello，everyone！I feel greatly honored to introduce how dinosaurs became extinct．
Among all the different opinions on the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs are three relatively reliable ones．Firstly，the sudden change of the earth's climate caused them to ruin and dinosaurs were frozen to death due to the severe cold．Secondly，according to what some archaeologists set down，the continental drift made the land become the ocean，but dinosaurs couldn't swim．Thirdly，new species，dinosaurs' natural enemies，emerged and ate dinosaur eggs with abandon，making it impossible for dinosaurs to reproduce their babies．With time going by，the bodies of dinosaurs are buried in the ground and become fossils so that human beings can study how they came into being and disappeared from the planet．
That's all．Thank you for your listening．
　语料积累
教材 语料 亮词 abandon；subdue；retreat；shrink；pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；the unknown；uncharted；coral；trench；vessel
美句 1．The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing． 2．In these waters，more than 200 metres deep，where light cannot reach，are extraordinary creatures that appear as if they are straight out of science fiction．
拓展 语料 写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：
诀窍一： 因学习知识而成长 As the old saying goes，it's never too late to learn．Each individual has access to more challenges and makes great progress through great efforts． 正如那句老话所说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得巨大的进步。
诀窍二： 因不懈努力而成长 It was at that moment that I realized that everything was possible if I put my heart into it and made efforts constantly． 就在那一刻，我意识到，如果我全心投入并不断努力，一切皆有可能。
诀窍三： 因追求梦想而成长 Only if we are brave enough to pursue our dreams can we realize what we are looking forward to． 只有勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。
诀窍四： 因克服恐惧而成长 So thrilled was I that I could hardly contain my tears，knowing that I had conquered my inner fear and given a memorable performance． 我激动得几乎控制不住我的眼泪，因为我知道我已经克服了内心的恐惧，做了一场难忘的表演。
诀窍五： 因克服自卑而成长 As the room quieted，Jack returned to his seat，his heart lighter，knowing that he had made a great impression on his teachers and classmates by overcoming inferiority． 当房间安静下来时，杰克回到座位上，他的心情变得轻松起来，因为他知道自己克服了自卑，给老师和同学留下了深刻的印象。
诀窍六： 因战胜困难而成长 With the difficulties overcome，I stood taller，my eyes fixed firmly on the future，knowing that I was now equipped with the courage and skills to achieve anything I desired． 困难被克服后，我站得更直了，目光坚定地注视着未来，因为我知道自己已经具备了实现任何愿望的勇气和技能。
诀窍七： 因不放弃而成长 Despite feeling exhausted，Tom refused to give up．His head held high and his chest thrust forward，he pressed on towards the finish line． 尽管汤姆感到疲惫不堪，汤姆还是拒绝放弃。他昂起头，挺胸向前，奋力冲向终点线。
　语料运用
①我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。
I have been throwing myself into reading awesome undersea adventure stories，dreaming of becoming a deep-sea explorer．
②一旦主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。(倒装句)
Once the main characters came across difficulties，neither would they retreat nor would they run for their lives as soon as possible．
③相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。
Instead，they tried their best to look into the mysterious deep sea．
④他们绝不会放弃探索神秘的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。
In no way would they abandon exploring the mysterious deep sea．Unless they were at the risk of losing their lives，they wouldn't retreat．
⑤从这些故事中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。
From the stories，I am aware that never is the journey to success smooth．It is filled with challenges and difficulties．
⑥我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。
We ought to be courageous enough to face them．As long as we don't quit and spare no effort to get over hardships，we will definitely achieve our ambitions．
⑦我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。
I believe that with strong determination I can become a deep-sea explorer．
课时数智作业(四十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
A 篇(限时7分钟)
(2024·湖北襄阳一模)
As a mushroom scientist，you are vastly outnumbered，with estimates suggesting that there are between 2.2 million and 3.8 million species of fungi (真菌)，the majority of which are yet to be identified．However，professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species．An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged，bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals．These amateurs have even made significant discoveries．One such amateur is Taylor Lockwood，a 74-year-old mushroom enthusiast and professional photographer．
In 1984，while living on the Mendocino coast of California，Taylor Lockwood developed a fascination with mushrooms．“Outside my cottage were these amazing mushrooms，” he says．“And it was as if these mushrooms looked at me and said，‘Taylor，go out and tell the world how pretty we are．’” Lockwood answered their call and purchased camera equipment to capture their true nature．His passion for photographing mushrooms was so intense that he would even dig holes next to the mushrooms to get the perfect angle for his shots．
In the Monongahela National Forest，Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves．Upon deeper investigation，fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove” mushroom，which is a rare find．“Mushrooms are not like plants，” Rossman says．“They don't come up at the same time every year，and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits．” Rossman says that's why it's so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye．
A few years ago，Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren't sufficient，so he chose to create time-lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms．“When I do time-lapse，I see so much life happening around the mushrooms—insects，worms and other small creatures interacting with them，” he says．Lockwood's love for art is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time．Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work，he identifies himself as an artist at heart．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Taylor Lockwood，一名蘑菇爱好者和摄影师，在真菌学领域作出了重大贡献。
1．What can we learn about mushroom amateurs from paragraph 1？(　　)
A．They keep close track of the growth of fungi．
B．They help identify new species of mushrooms．
C．They replace professional scientists in the field．
D．They classify the majority of mushroom species．
B　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“...However，professionals in the field are not alone in their efforts to uncover new species．An enthusiastic community of amateurs has emerged，bridging the gap between professionals and non-professionals．These amateurs have even made significant discoveries．”可知，蘑菇爱好者们在探索新真菌品种方面有重大发现，故选B。]
2．What inspired Lockwood to photograph mushrooms？(　　)
A．His desire for knowledge．
B．His curiosity about nature．
C．The beauty of nearby mushrooms．
D．The appeal of outdoor photography．
C　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，小屋附近蘑菇的美让Taylor决定用相机去拍摄它们，故选C。]
3．Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3？(　　)
A．Skilled and observant．
B．Focused and flexible．
C．Talented and optimistic．
D．Organized and responsible．
A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，Taylor在森林里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“‘They don't come up at the same time every year，and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits．’Rossman says that's why it's so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye．”可知，Taylor是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故选A。]
4．Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms？(　　)
A．To improve his photography techniques．
B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way．
C．To collect biological data for deeper research．
D．To use a new approach to scientific studies．
B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Taylor决定拍摄蘑菇的延时视频是为了以艺术的方式捕捉动态生活，故选B。]
B 篇(限时7分钟)
(2025·广东汕头模拟)
Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare，new research suggests． Traditionally，zoos have focused on more straightforward measures．
The new review，by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester，says zoos have made great improvements in recent years，but closer observation of animal behaviour—a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment，developed in farming—could show even more about their state of mind．
An animal's positioning of its body，facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited，calm，interested，nervous，relaxed，etc．
“Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals，and they will often recognise an animal's state of mind by its behaviour and body language，” said Dr． Paul Rose，of the University of Exeter．
“What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this，carried out over time．”
“Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal，and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos． For example，lions have a lot of facial expressions，and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals' state of mind． This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets，feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept．”
Dr． Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre，and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression．
“We're looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat，which could show what they're feeling，” he said． “When they're unsure，they appear to move less and be more careful，and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies．”
The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos． “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years，and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals，” Dr． Rose said．
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一项新的研究，这项研究表明，观察动物园动物的行为和肢体语言可能是了解和改善它们福利的关键。
5．How to improve zoo animals' welfare？(　　)
A．More focus on animals' eating and sleep．
B．Closer observation of zoo animals' behaviours．
C．More attention to zoo animals' state of mind．
D．Adoption of more straightforward measures．
B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare，new research suggests．”可知，改善动物园动物福利的关键是仔细观察动物的行为和肢体语言。再结合第二段可知，对动物行为更密切地观察可以更多地了解它们的心理状态，从而提高它们的福利。故选B。]
6．What is the function of lions as an example？(　　)
A．To show body language vary from animal to animal．
B．To show the significance of animal body language．
C．To show lions are rich in their facial expressions．
D．To show lions are treated well in zoos．
B　[推理判断题。根据第六段中“Certain behaviours will show certain moods in an animal，and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos． For example，lions have a lot of facial expressions，and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals' state of mind．”可知，将狮子作为例子，是为了展示对动物肢体语言的研究可以帮助动物园了解动物的心理活动，说明动物肢体语言的重要意义。故选B。]
7．What does Dr． Rose's research of swans suggest？(　　)
A．They usually explore their habitat．
B．They always draw their feathers close to their bodies．
C．They move little in fearful situations．
D．They spend little time in their habitat．
C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“When they're unsure，they appear to move less and be more careful，and draw their feathers close to their bodies．”可知，天鹅会在感觉不确定时行动更少更小心，即天鹅会在害怕的情况下很少行动。故选C。]
8．What can we know from the last paragraph？(　　)
A．Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing．
B．Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful．
C．Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals．
D．Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language．
B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos． ‘Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years，and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals，’ Dr． Rose said．”可知，定性行为评估有助于改善动物园动物的福利，为动物园提供了另一种认识和改善动物福利的方法，即定性行为评估是有意义的。故选B。]
Ⅱ．应用文写作(限时13分钟)
(2025·湖南长沙模拟)
假定你是李华，近日参加了学校的创意手工作品展，外籍笔友David对你的作品很感兴趣。请用英语给他写封邮件，介绍你的作品及感受。
注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear David，
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David，
Delighted to know you are interested in the exhibition of creative handmade works held in our school last week，I am writing to share it with you．
All works were made by us students，which were created from waste and used materials．I made a shopping bag from a pair of worn-out jeans，spending a lot of time designing，decorating and perfecting it．My work received lots of likes．
I find it enjoyable and meaningful to make handmade works from recyclable things．And I've developed my innovative ability as well．
Yours，
Li Hua
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