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期末综合提升测试卷
（考查 Unit 6-Seasons, Unit 7-Natural World, Unit 8-Natural Disasters）
一、词汇选择题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
1.The ________ wildfire destroyed thousands of acres of forest.
A. minor B. destructive C. controlled D. small
2.________ conditions can exacerbate water shortages in arid regions.
A. Flood
B. Drying
C. Rain
D. Snow
3.The ________ of plants is being altered by unpredictable seasonal shifts.
A. Study of climate
B. Study of seasonal cycles
C. Study of rocks
D. Study of oceans
4.Coral ________ occurs when oceans overheat, causing reefs to lose color.
A. Color loss
B. Growth
C. Expansion
D. Protection
5.The ________ of human activities contributes to global warming.
A. Footprint on the ground
B. Environmental impact
C. Shoe size
D. Walking path
6.________ are violent storms that can level entire neighborhoods.
A. Hurricane-like winds
B. Heavy rains
C. Snowstorms
D. Droughts
7.Ecosystem _______ refers to the ability of ecosystems to recover from disasters.
A. Resistance
B. Fragility
C. Recovery ability
D. Destruction
8.The ________ of climate change threatens endemic species in rainforests.
A. Attack
B. Protection
C. Help
D. Study
9.________ practices aim to preserve natural resources for future generations.
A. Harmful methods
B. Eco-friendly measures
C. Traditional ways
D. Modern technologies
10.________ help scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
A. Sound waves
B. Light waves
C. Earth vibration waves
D. Water waves
二、语法选择题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
11.Had the forest fire ______ earlier, fewer species would have been endangered.
A. been controlled B. controlled C. control D. controlling
12.The research team, ______ findings focus on coral reefs, discovered a new species.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
13.It is imperative that we ______ measures to reduce carbon emissions.
A. take B. took C. will take D. had taken
14.______ by drought, the region experienced severe crop failures.
A. Affected B. Affecting C. To affect D. Having affected
15.The conference on biodiversity, ______ next month, will address climate change.
A. holding B. held C. to be held D. having held
16.Not until the earthquake ______ did rescue teams access the damaged area.
A. stops B. stopped C. has stopped D. had stopped
17.If the polar ice caps ______, sea levels would rise dramatically.
A. melt B. melted C. had melted D. would melt
18.The students ______ an experiment when the tornado warning sounded.
A. conduct B. conducted C. are conducting D. were conducting
19.______ in the emergency shelter, volunteers distributed food to survivors.
A. Working B. Work C. To work D. Worked
20.So severe ______ the floods that the government declared a crisis.
A. were B. was C. had been D. have been
三、词汇填空题（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
21.The f______ of the earthquake was felt across five states.
22.Ecosystems have the ability to r______ after natural disasters.
23.The Great Barrier Reef is facing serious t______ from climate change.
24.In autumn, many birds begin their m______ to warmer regions.
25.The h______ caused by climate change led to crop failures.
26.Scientists use satellites to m______ weather patterns.
27.The ______（栖息地）of pandas is being protected in nature reserves.
28.First aid kits should include supplies to treat ______（烧伤）and cuts.
29.The ______（季风）season brings heavy rains to South Asia.
30.Building ______（标准）ensure structures can withstand earthquakes.
四、语法段落填空（每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
Last month, a powerful earthquake (31)______ (strike) the coastal city. Buildings (32)______ (shake) violently, and many (33)______ (collapse). Rescue operations (34)______ (launch) immediately, but aftershocks (35)______ (hamper) efforts.
Scientists (36)______ (study) the quake's impact on local ecosystems. They found that the disaster (37)______ (disrupt) the migration patterns of coastal birds. If similar earthquakes (38)______ (occur) frequently, the region's biodiversity (39)______ (be) at risk. Experts (40)______ (urge) stricter building codes to prevent future damage.
五、阅读理解（每小题 2 分，共 40分）
A
The Impact of Seasonal Droughts
Droughts are prolonged periods of water scarcity, often linked to seasonal climate patterns. In Mediterranean regions, summer droughts have become more intense due to climate change, affecting both natural ecosystems and human activities.
Natural ecosystems respond to droughts by altering plant growth and animal behavior. Trees in drought-prone areas may reduce leaf size to conserve water, while animals like deer may migrate in search of water. These adaptations help species survive, but prolonged droughts can lead to ecosystem collapse.
Agriculture is severely impacted by droughts. Crops fail, leading to food shortages and economic losses. In California, the 2012-2016 drought cost the agriculture industry over $3 billion. Rural communities dependent on farming suffer most, as water restrictions force farmers to abandon fields.
Water management is crucial during droughts. Governments implement water rationing and promote drought-resistant crops. Individuals can conserve water by reducing usage at home. However, addressing climate change remains the key to preventing future drought crises.
What is a drought
A period of heavy rain. B. A long period of water scarcity.
C. A type of storm. D. A seasonal wind.
42.How do trees adapt to droughts
A. By growing larger leaves. B. By reducing leaf size.
C. By producing more fruit. D. By dying quickly.
43.What was the economic impact of California's drought
A. 3 million loss. B. 30 billion loss.
C. 3 billion loss. D. 300 million loss.
44.What is the key to preventing droughts
A. Water rationing. B. Drought-resistant crops.
C. Addressing climate change. D. Building dams.
45.What's the main idea of the passage
A. The causes of droughts.
B. The impact of droughts and solutions.
C. Animal migration during droughts.
D. Water management in cities.
B
The Role of Mangroves in Coastal Ecosystems
Mangroves are tropical trees that grow in saltwater coastal areas. They form unique ecosystems that provide numerous benefits to both nature and humans.
Mangrove forests act as natural barriers, protecting coasts from storms and erosion. Their dense roots absorb wave energy, reducing the impact of hurricanes and tsunamis. In 2004, mangroves in India and Sri Lanka saved thousands of lives by weakening the tsunami's force.
These ecosystems are also vital for biodiversity. Mangroves serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, supporting local fisheries. The fish species that depend on mangroves provide food for millions of people.
However, mangroves are being destroyed at an alarming rate. Shrimp farms and urban development often replace mangrove forests. Pollution from agriculture and industry also harms these ecosystems. Protecting mangroves is essential for coastal resilience and food security.
Where do mangroves grow
In freshwater rivers. B. In saltwater coastal areas.
C. In deserts. D. In mountain regions.
47.How did mangroves help in 2004
A. They caused the tsunami. B. They saved lives by weakening the tsunami.
C. They increased storm damage. D. They destroyed fisheries.
48.Why are mangroves important for fisheries
A. They kill fish. B. They serve as nurseries for fish.
C. They pollute the water. D. They compete with fish.
49.What threatens mangroves
A. Shrimp farms and urban development. B. Clean water.
C. Natural storms. D. Biodiversity.
50.What's the author's attitude towards mangroves
A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Neutral. D. Uncaring.
C
Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impact
Volcanic eruptions are natural disasters that can have far-reaching effects. When a volcano erupts, it releases ash, lava, and gases that impact the environment and human life.
The immediate impact of an eruption includes destruction from lava flows and falling ash. In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying 230 square kilometers of forest. Ash can contaminate water supplies and damage crops, leading to food shortages.
Volcanic eruptions also affect climate. Large eruptions release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can cause global cooling. The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora caused a "year without summer" in Europe, leading to crop failures and famine.
However, volcanoes also bring benefits. Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for agriculture. Iceland's volcanic landscape supports fertile farms despite its northern location. Understanding volcanic activity helps scientists predict eruptions and protect communities.
What do volcanoes release during an eruption
Water and oxygen. B. Ash, lava, and gases.
C. Snow and ice. D. Plants and animals.
52.What happened after Mount St. Helens erupted
A. Forests grew faster. B. 230 square kilometers of forest were destroyed.
C. Climate warmed. D. Crop yields increased.
53.How can volcanic eruptions affect climate
A. By causing global warming. B. By causing global cooling.
C. By increasing rainfall. D. By reducing earthquakes.
54.What is a benefit of volcanic soil
A. It is poor in nutrients. B. It is rich in nutrients.
C. It is dry and sandy. D. It is rocky and hard.
55.What's the main purpose of the passage
A. To describe volcanic eruptions and their effects.
B. To promote volcanic tourism.
C. To explain how to predict eruptions.
D. To discuss climate change causes.
D
The Arctic's Changing Seasons
The Arctic is experiencing rapid seasonal changes due to climate change. Winters are becoming shorter, and summers are getting warmer, disrupting the region's unique ecosystems.
Warmer summers lead to reduced sea ice, affecting polar bears that depend on ice for hunting. With less ice, polar bears have to swim longer distances, which can be fatal. Scientists have observed a 40% decline in some polar bear populations since the 1970s.
Shorter winters also impact migratory birds. Birds that traditionally arrived in the Arctic during summer now find their habitats altered. The timing of insect hatches, a key food source, no longer matches bird migration patterns, leading to food shortages.
The melting of permafrost is another concern. As frozen soil thaws, it releases carbon dioxide, worsening climate change. This creates a feedback loop that accelerates Arctic warming. Protecting the Arctic requires global action to reduce carbon emissions.
What is happening to Arctic winters
They are getting longer. B. They are getting shorter.
C. They are staying the same. D. They are becoming colder.
57.How does reduced sea ice affect polar bears
A. It makes hunting easier. B. It requires them to swim longer.
C. It provides more food. D. It has no effect.
58.Why are migratory birds affected
A. Insect hatches match migration.
B. Food sources are altered.
C. Winters are colder.
D. Summers are cooler.
59.What is a feedback loop in the Arctic
A. Thawing permafrost releases carbon, worsening warming.
B. Reduced sea ice helps polar bears.
C. Warmer summers increase ice formation.
D. Migratory birds bring more insects.
60.What is the solution to Arctic problems
A. Local actions. B. Reducing carbon emissions globally.
C. Increasing tourism. D. Ignoring the problem.
六、完形填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分）
The natural world is a delicate balance of seasons, ecosystems, and natural events. Humans must learn to live in (61)_____ with nature to ensure sustainability.
Seasons bring predictable changes, but climate change is (62)______ these patterns. Warmer springs have been linked to early plant blooming, which (63)______ affects animal migration. This (64)_____ can disrupt entire food chains.
Ecosystems provide essential services, from water purification to climate regulation. Wetlands (65)______ floodwaters, while forests absorb carbon dioxide. However, (66)______ and pollution are destroying these vital systems.
Natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes test human (67) . Preparedness is key to (68) munities that (69)______ emergency plans and conduct drills are better equipped to (70)______ disasters.
Technology plays a role in (71)______ nature. Early warning systems (72)______ tsunamis, while sustainable farming (73)______ soil health. Every individual can help by reducing waste and (74)______ energy.
By respecting nature's rhythms and protecting ecosystems, we can (75)______ a sustainable future for all species.
61.A. conflict B. harmony C. war D. opposition
62.A. preserving B. maintaining C. altering D. improving
63.A. in turn B. in return C. in fact D. in short
64.A. balance B. mismatch C. match D. harmony
65.A. waste B. store C. pollute D. drink
66.A. reforestation B. deforestation C. forestation D. plantation
67.A. resilience B. weakness C. fragility D. destruction
68.A. increase B. reduce C. create D. avoid
69.A. ignore B. develop C. forget D. dislike
70.A. cause B. withstand C. create D. increase
71.A. destroying B. harming C. protecting D. ignoring
72.A. predict B. stop C. cause D. ignore
73.A. damages B. improves C. worsens D. ignores
74.A. wasting B. conserving C. using D. producing
75.A. destroy B. harm C. create D. damage
七、书面表达（20 分）
The Impact of Climate Change on Seasonal Ecosystems
写一篇文章，讨论气候变化如何影响季节性生态系统。
包括:1。气候变化改变季节的具体例子（如早春）。
2.这些变化如何影响植物和动物。
3.可以做些什么来减轻影响。
至少写80个单词。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
期末综合提升测试卷答案解析
一、词汇选择题
答案：B
解析：“destroyed thousands of acres of forest”（摧毁了数千英亩的森林）表明野火具有很强的破坏性。“destructive” 意为 “破坏性的”，符合语境；“minor” 表示 “较小的”；“controlled” 意为 “受控的”；“small” 表示 “小的”，这三个选项都无法体现野火造成巨大破坏的特点，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“exacerbate water shortages in arid regions”（加剧干旱地区的水资源短缺），干旱地区缺水，“Drying”（干燥，干旱）的条件会使水资源短缺问题更严重。“Flood”（洪水）会带来大量水；“Rain”（雨）和 “Snow”（雪）也都与水相关，不会加剧缺水，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“unpredictable seasonal shifts”（不可预测的季节变化）会改变植物的相关特性，“The Study of seasonal cycles”（对季节周期的研究），植物的生长等与季节周期紧密相连，季节变化会影响植物在季节周期中的表现，所以选 B。“Study of climate”（气候研究）范围太宽泛；“Study of rocks”（岩石研究）、“Study of oceans”（海洋研究）与植物受季节变化影响无关，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：“oceans overheat, causing reefs to lose color”（海洋过热，导致珊瑚礁失去颜色），这就是 “Coral Color loss”（珊瑚颜色丧失，即珊瑚白化）现象。“Growth”（生长）、“Expansion”（扩张）、“Protection”（保护）都不符合珊瑚礁失去颜色这一描述，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：“contributes to global warming”（导致全球变暖），“The Environmental impact”（环境影响），人类活动对环境产生影响，进而导致全球变暖，“carbon footprint” 在这里表示人类活动的环境影响 。“Footprint on the ground”（地上的脚印）、“Shoe size”（鞋码）、“Walking path”（步行路径）都与导致全球变暖的概念无关，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：“violent storms that can level entire neighborhoods”（能够夷平整个社区的猛烈风暴），“Hurricane - like winds”（类似飓风的风）符合这种强烈风暴的特征。“Heavy rains”（大雨）、“Snowstorms”（暴风雪）、“Droughts”（干旱）通常不会直接将整个社区夷平，所以选 A。
答案：C
解析：“the ability of ecosystems to recover from disasters”（生态系统从灾难中恢复的能力），这就是 “Ecosystem Recovery ability”（生态系统恢复能力）的定义。“Resistance”（抵抗力）强调对抗；“Fragility”（脆弱性）与恢复能力相反；“Destruction”（破坏）也不符合恢复能力的含义，所以选 C。
答案：A
解析：“threatens endemic species in rainforests”（威胁热带雨林中的特有物种），“The Attack”（攻击），气候变化对热带雨林中的物种是一种负面的冲击，就像攻击一样。“Protection”（保护）、“Help”（帮助）与威胁物种不符；“Study”（研究）也不能体现对物种的威胁，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：“aim to preserve natural resources for future generations”（旨在为子孙后代保护自然资源），“Eco - friendly measures”（生态友好型措施）符合可持续发展的理念，能够达到保护自然资源的目的。“Harmful methods”（有害方法）会破坏资源；“Traditional ways”（传统方式）不一定注重资源保护；“Modern technologies”（现代技术）范围太广，不一定与保护资源相关，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：“locate the epicenter of an earthquake”（定位地震的震中），“Earth vibration waves”（地球振动波，即地震波），科学家通过研究地震波来确定震中位置。“Sound waves”（声波）、“Light waves”（光波）、“Water waves”（水波）都与定位地震震中无关，所以选 C。
二、语法选择题
答案：A
解析：本题考查虚拟语气的倒装结构。原句为 “If the forest fire had been controlled earlier”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，省略 “if” 后，要将助动词 “had” 提前，且 “the forest fire” 与 “control” 是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态 “had been controlled”，选 A。
答案：B
解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词是 “the research team”，在从句 “______ findings focus on coral reefs” 中，“findings” 与 “the research team” 是所属关系，即 “研究团队的发现”，所以用关系代词 “whose” 引导定语从句，选 B。
答案：A
解析：在 “It is imperative that...” 句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为 “should + 动词原形”，“should” 可以省略。所以此处用 “take”，选 A。
答案：A
解析：“the region” 与 “affect” 是被动关系，即 “该地区受到干旱影响”，所以用过去分词 “ Affected” 作状语，表示原因，相当于 “Because the region was affected by drought”，选 A。
答案：C
解析：“The conference on biodiversity” 与 “hold” 是被动关系，且 “next month” 表明会议还未举行，所以用动词不定式的被动形式 “to be held” 作后置定语，表示 “下个月将要举行的生物多样性会议”，选 C。
答案：B
解析：“Not until” 引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般过去时 “did rescue teams access the damaged area”，从句也应用一般过去时，“stop” 的过去式是 “stopped”，表示 “直到地震停止，救援队伍才进入受损区域”，选 B。
答案：B
解析：本题考查虚拟语气。根据 “sea levels would rise dramatically” 可知，这是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，“melt” 的过去式是 “melted”，选 B。
答案：D
解析：“when the tornado warning sounded”（龙卷风警报响起时）是过去的时间点，主句动作 “进行实验” 在当时正在进行，所以用过去进行时 “were conducting”，选 D。
答案：A
解析：“volunteers” 与 “work” 是主动关系，且 “work” 的动作与 “distributed food to survivors” 同时发生，所以用现在分词 “Working” 作伴随状语，选 A。
答案：A
解析：“So severe” 置于句首，句子要部分倒装，将 be 动词、助动词或情态动词提前。本句主语 “the floods” 是复数，根据 “the government declared a crisis” 可知时态为一般过去时，所以用 “were”，选 A。
三、词汇填空题
答案：force
解析：“The force of the earthquake” 表示 “地震的力量”，结合首字母 “f” 以及 “was felt across five states”（在五个州都能感觉到），可知此处应填 “force” 。
答案：recover
解析：“have the ability to do sth.” 表示 “有做某事的能力”，“after natural disasters”（在自然灾害之后），生态系统有 “恢复” 的能力，结合首字母 “r”，应填 “recover”。
答案：threats
解析：“is facing serious...” 表示 “正面临严重的……”，“from climate change”（来自气候变化），结合常识，大堡礁正面临气候变化带来的严重 “威胁”，“threat” 是可数名词，此处用复数形式 “threats”。
答案：migration
解析：“In autumn”（在秋天），很多鸟类开始向温暖地区 “迁徙”，“begin their migration” 表示 “开始它们的迁徙”，结合首字母 “m”，应填 “migration”。
答案：heat
解析：“caused by climate change”（由气候变化引起的），“led to crop failures”（导致农作物歉收），结合首字母 “h”，可知是气候变化引起的 “高温” 导致这种情况，所以填 “heat”。
答案：monitor
解析：“use satellites to...” 表示 “用卫星去……”，“weather patterns”（天气模式），结合首字母 “m”，科学家用卫星 “监测” 天气模式，所以填 “monitor”。
答案：habitats
解析：“栖息地” 的英文是 “habitat”，“pandas” 是复数，所以 “栖息地” 也用复数形式 “habitats”。
答案：burns
解析：“烧伤” 的英文是 “burn”，是可数名词，与 “cuts”（伤口）并列，所以用复数形式 “burns” 。
答案：monsoon
解析：“季风” 的英文是 “monsoon”，“the monsoon season” 表示 “季风季节”。
答案：standards
解析：“Building...” 表示 “建筑……”，“ensure structures can withstand earthquakes”（确保建筑物能够抵御地震），所以此处是 “建筑标准”，“standard” 是可数名词，用复数形式 “standards”。
四、语法段落填空
答案：struck
解析：“Last month” 表明句子时态为一般过去时，“strike” 的过去式是 “struck”，表示 “上个月，一场强烈的地震袭击了这座沿海城市” 。
答案：shook
解析：同样是过去发生的动作，“shake” 的过去式是 “shook”，表示 “建筑物剧烈摇晃”。
答案：collapsed
解析：描述过去的情况，“collapse” 的过去式是 “collapsed”，表示 “许多建筑物倒塌”。
答案：were launched
解析：“Rescue operations”（救援行动）与 “launch”（发起）是被动关系，且是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态 “were launched”，表示 “救援行动立即展开”。
答案：hampered
解析：过去发生的动作，“hamper” 的过去式是 “hampered”，表示 “但余震阻碍了救援工作”。
答案：studied
解析：讲述过去科学家做的事情，用一般过去时，“study” 的过去式是 “studied”，表示 “科学家们研究了地震对当地生态系统的影响”。
答案：had disrupted
解析：“found” 是过去式，“disrupt the migration patterns of coastal birds”（扰乱沿海鸟类的迁徙模式）这个动作发生在 “found” 之前，即 “过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时 “had disrupted”。
答案：occurred
解析：在 “if” 引导的条件状语从句中，主句 “the region's biodiversity (39)______ (be) at risk” 用了过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示对过去情况的虚拟，“occur” 的过去式是 “occurred”。
答案：would be
解析：这是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用 “would + 动词原形”，表示 “如果类似的地震频繁发生，该地区的生物多样性将面临风险”，所以填 “would be”。
答案：urged
解析：描述过去专家的行为，用一般过去时，“urge” 的过去式是 “urged”，表示 “专家们敦促制定更严格的建筑规范以防止未来的破坏”。
五、阅读理解
A 篇
答案：B
解析：根据文中 “Droughts are prolonged periods of water scarcity” 可知，干旱是长期的水资源短缺时期，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：从 “Trees in drought - prone areas may reduce leaf size to conserve water” 可知，树木通过减小叶子尺寸来适应干旱，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：由 “In California, the 2012 - 2016 drought cost the agriculture industry over $3 billion” 可知，加利福尼亚州的干旱造成了 30 亿美元的经济损失，所以选 C。
答案：C
解析：根据 “addressing climate change remains the key to preventing future drought crises” 可知，应对气候变化是防止未来干旱危机的关键，所以选 C。
答案：B
解析：文章先介绍了干旱的定义，接着阐述了干旱对自然生态系统、农业的影响，最后提出了应对措施，所以主要讲的是干旱的影响和解决办法，选 B。
B 篇
答案：B
解析：由 “Mangroves are tropical trees that grow in saltwater coastal areas” 可知，红树林生长在咸水沿海地区，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：从 “In 2004, mangroves in India and Sri Lanka saved thousands of lives by weakening the tsunami's force” 可知，2004 年红树林通过减弱海啸的力量拯救了许多生命，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：根据 “Mangroves serve as nurseries for fish and crustaceans, supporting local fisheries” 可知，红树林为鱼类提供育苗场所，所以对渔业很重要，选 B。
答案：A
解析：由 “Shrimp farms and urban development often replace mangrove forests. Pollution from agriculture and industry also harms these ecosystems” 可知，虾养殖场和城市发展威胁着红树林，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：文章强调了红树林的诸多益处以及保护它的重要性，所以作者对红树林的态度是积极的，选 B。
C 篇
答案：B
解析：根据 “When a volcano erupts, it releases ash, lava, and gases” 可知，火山喷发时释放火山灰、熔岩和气体，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：从 “In 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, destroying 230 square kilometers of forest” 可知，圣海伦斯火山喷发后，230 平方公里的森林被摧毁，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “Large eruptions release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can cause global cooling” 可知，火山喷发会导致全球变冷，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：根据 “Volcanic soil is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for agriculture” 可知，火山土壤富含营养，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：文章介绍了火山喷发释放的物质、对环境和人类生活的影响，包括破坏、影响气候以及带来的好处等，主要目的是描述火山喷发及其影响，所以选 A。
D 篇
答案：B
解析：从 “The Arctic is experiencing rapid seasonal changes due to climate change. Winters are becoming shorter” 可知，北极的冬天正变得更短，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：根据 “Warmer summers lead to reduced sea ice, affecting polar bears that depend on ice for hunting. With less ice, polar bears have to swim longer distances” 可知，海冰减少使北极熊不得不游更长的距离，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：由 “Birds that traditionally arrived in the Arctic during summer now find their habitats altered. The timing of insect hatches, a key food source, no longer matches bird migration patterns, leading to food shortages” 可知，候鸟受到影响是因为食物来源发生了变化，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：根据 “As frozen soil thaws, it releases carbon dioxide, worsening climate change. This creates a feedback loop that accelerates Arctic warming” 可知，北极的反馈循环是指冻土融化释放碳，加剧变暖，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：从 “Protecting the Arctic requires global action to reduce carbon emissions” 可知，解决北极问题的办法是全球减少碳排放，所以选 B。
六、完形填空答案解析
答案：B
解析：“live in harmony with” 是固定短语，意为 “与…… 和谐相处”。结合语境 “Humans must learn to live in (61)_____ with nature to ensure sustainability”，人类为了实现可持续发展，必须学会与自然和谐相处，所以选 B。“conflict”（冲突）、“war”（战争）、“opposition”（对立）均不符合人类与自然应有的关系。
答案：C
解析：“but” 表示转折，前文提到季节带来可预测的变化，转折后说明气候变化对这种模式产生了改变。“altering” 意为 “改变”，符合语境，即气候变化正在改变这些模式。“preserving”（保护；保存）、“maintaining”（维持；保持）、“improving”（改善；提高）都与文意不符，所以选 C。
答案：A
解析：“in turn” 表示 “反过来” ，“Warmer springs have been linked to early plant blooming, which (63)______ affects animal migration”，暖春导致植物提前开花，这反过来又影响动物的迁徙，逻辑连贯。“in return”（作为回报）、“in fact”（事实上）、“in short”（总之）代入后语义不通，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：前文提到植物开花时间变化影响动物迁徙，这种不匹配会扰乱整个食物链。“mismatch” 意为 “不匹配”，符合语境。“balance”（平衡）、“match”（匹配）、“harmony”（和谐）与 “disrupt entire food chains”（扰乱整个食物链）的表述相悖，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：根据常识，湿地具有储存洪水的功能。“store” 意为 “储存”，“Wetlands (65)______ floodwaters”，即湿地储存洪水，符合实际。“waste”（浪费）、“pollute”（污染）、“drink”（喝）均不符合湿地对洪水的作用，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“and” 连接并列成分，“pollution”（污染）会破坏生态系统，与之并列且对生态系统有破坏作用的是 “deforestation”（砍伐森林）。“reforestation”（重新造林）、“forestation”（造林）、“plantation”（种植园；植树造林）都是对森林有益的行为，所以选 B。
答案：A
解析：“resilience” 意为 “恢复力；适应力” ，“Natural disasters like earthquakes and hurricanes test human (67) .”，地震和飓风等自然灾害会考验人类的恢复能力和适应能力。“weakness”（弱点）、“fragility”（脆弱性）、“destruction”（破坏）不能体现人类在面对灾害时应具备的积极特质，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：根据常识，做好准备工作的目的是减少损失。“reduce” 意为 “减少”，“Preparedness is key to (68) losses.”，即做好准备是减少损失的关键，符合逻辑。“increase”（增加）、“create”（创造）与减少损失的目的相悖；“avoid”（避免）过于绝对，灾害损失难以完全避免，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“develop emergency plans” 意为 “制定应急计划”，是常见搭配。“Communities that (69)______ emergency plans and conduct drills are better equipped to (70)______ disasters.”，制定应急计划并进行演练的社区更有能力应对灾害。“ignore”（忽视）、“forget”（忘记）、“dislike”（不喜欢）不符合社区应对灾害的积极措施，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“withstand” 意为 “承受；抵挡”，制定计划和演练的社区更能承受灾害带来的影响。“cause”（引起）、“create”（创造）、“increase”（增加）都不符合社区应对灾害的意图，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：后文提到的早期预警系统和可持续农业都是对自然有益的措施，所以此处应是技术在保护自然方面发挥作用。“protecting” 意为 “保护”，符合文意。“destroying”（破坏）、“harming”（伤害）、“ignoring”（忽视）与后文内容不符，所以选 C。
答案：A
解析：早期预警系统的功能是预测海啸。“predict” 意为 “预测”，“Early warning systems (72)______ tsunamis”，即早期预警系统预测海啸，符合其作用。“stop”（阻止）早期预警系统难以直接阻止海啸发生；“cause”（引起）逻辑错误；“ignore”（忽视）与预警系统功能相悖，所以选 A。
答案：B
解析：“sustainable farming”（可持续农业）对土壤健康有积极作用，“improves” 意为 “改善；提高”，可持续农业改善土壤健康，符合可持续发展理念。“damages”（破坏）、“worsens”（恶化）、“ignores”（忽视）都不符合可持续农业的意义，所以选 B。
答案：B
解析：“conserving” 意为 “节约；保护”，与 “reducing waste”（减少浪费）并列，每个人可以通过减少浪费和节约能源来帮助保护环境。“wasting”（浪费）与文意相反；“using”（使用）表述不准确，应是合理使用、节约使用；“producing”（生产）与减少浪费和保护环境的语境不符，所以选 B。
答案：C
解析：“create” 意为 “创造”，“By respecting nature's rhythms and protecting ecosystems, we can (75)______ a sustainable future for all species.”，通过尊重自然规律和保护生态系统，我们能够为所有物种创造一个可持续的未来。“destroy”（破坏）、“harm”（伤害）与文意相悖；“damage”（损坏）也不符合创造未来的积极语义，所以选 C。
七、书面表达参考范文
The Impact of Climate Change on Seasonal Ecosystems
Climate change is having a profound impact on seasonal ecosystems. For instance, in many regions, spring is arriving earlier than before. Temperatures rise more quickly, causing flowers to bloom weeks ahead of schedule.
These changes disrupt the delicate balance of nature. Plants rely on specific seasonal cues to grow and reproduce. When spring comes early, animals that depend on these plants for food face shortages. Migratory birds may arrive at their destinations to find that the insects or plants they feed on aren't ready yet. Some species struggle to adapt, and their populations decline.
To mitigate these effects, we must take action. Governments should enforce stricter environmental regulations to reduce carbon emissions. Individuals can also make a difference by using renewable energy sources, reducing waste, and planting native species. International cooperation is essential too, as countries work together to slow down climate change and protect seasonal ecosystems for future generations.

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