资源简介

Section Ⅵ　Writing
写作项目——Writing a summary
本课时的写作任务是写摘要，属于概要写作的范畴。该写作项目旨在培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。通过对主要事件的精要梳理，运用高度凝练的语言，让读者简明扼要地把握和了解事情的起因、过程和结果。
写作技法指导
第一步：读文章——知晓体裁、明确主旨
进行概要写作时，首先要阅读所提供的文章，确定文章的体裁和主题。如本文，通过快速阅读文章各段的首句或尾句，可知文章是一篇说明文，主要讲的是英国人饮用水果茶和花草茶的习惯。
第二步：析结构——划分段落、确定要点
读完文章，把握主旨后，应迅速分析一下文章的结构。概要写作类文章的结构多为“总分、分总、总分总或并列”结构。然后把文章的自然段按意义进行划分，确定要写的要点数量(一般为3－4个要点)。
本文共分三个自然段，分别讲述了英国人对水果茶和花草茶的喜爱(第1段)，各种不同口味的水果、花草茶(第2段)，以及花草茶对健康的好处(第3段)。由此可以确定本文应有三个要点。
第三步：提信息——找主旨句、圈关键词
在分析好文章的结构后，要按照文章的段落找出每一段的主旨句，并圈出一些能体现段落大意的关键词。说明文和议论文的主旨句多在段首或段尾，但也有位于段中或无主旨句的情况。另外，文章的每一段中也可以按主旨信息、主要信息、次要信息和冗余信息来划分。提取信息时，要忽略冗余信息，也就是与主旨无关的一些细节信息。
本文各段的主旨句和关键词如下：
段落 主旨句 关键词
第一段 段首第一句 grow their very own tea gardens, plant easy to grow herbs
第二段 段首第二句 lemon，ginger：long be popular; unusual flavours
第三段 段首第一句 various health benefits
第四步：拟草稿——逐句分析、高度概括
分析找出的段落主旨句和关键词所在的信息句，对这些句子在不改变原意的基础上进行高度概括、同义替换或重构句式，使其符合原文的本意。
本文主旨句和关键信息句提炼如下：
段落 主旨句 关键信息句
第一段 British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs. Many people grow their very own tea gardens, in which they plant easy-to-grow herbs.
概括转换：British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their very own tea gardens.
第二段 More and more unusual flavours come onto the market. Lemon and ginger have long been popular.Fruit teas now include mango, strawberry, apple and pear.Herbal teas include blackberry leaf and dandelion.
概括转换：Flavours of fruit and herbal teas include traditional lemon and ginger, as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion.
第三段 Herbal tea helps you relax. Herbal tea has various health benefits.Some ginger tea gives your immune system a helping hand.Mint tea is good for digestion.
概括转换：Herbal tea has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion.
第五步：酿佳作——修正失误、衔接成文
在拟好概要写作的草稿后，添加适当的过渡词、句，将概括转换后的各要点衔接成文。然后通读复查，根据语法知识修正所写的概要中可能出现的一些诸如拼写、时态、标点、连接词等方面的错误。同时，根据文章的主旨大意，核实一下所写的要点是否齐全。另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
本篇概要写作最终成文如下：
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy to grow herbs in their very own tea gardens.(要点1) There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas, including traditional and unusual flavours.(要点2) Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some are good for the immune system, while others are beneficial for digestion.(要点3)
(说明：加黑部分为添加的衔接性词、句)
关键能力强化
概要写作是对原文内容的提炼、概括、精加工，一般不能照抄原文词句，需对原文词句进行变换，以达到提炼文内重要信息，简明表达的效果。词句变换主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．同义替换
①be good to有益于：benefit
②too much过多的：excessive
③the same as与……一样：likewise
④about关于：concerning, regarding
⑤actually事实上：in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality
⑥aim at旨在：be aimed at, be intended to, be meant to
⑦appear出现：appearance, turn up, show up
⑧approach靠近，临近：come near, draw near, around the corner
2．词性转换
①recognize your child→parents' recognition
②strongly against→strong opposition
③important→of great importance
④be anxious about→show anxiety about
⑤with angry→angrily
3．句式变化
(1)主、被动语态变换
It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
→It is widely accepted that computers are more used in the world today.
(2)简单句合并为复合句
The weather turned out to be very good.This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
随堂针对练笔
阅读短文，按下面提示列出提纲，然后合并修正，串连成篇。
Life has become difficult in many villages, and some are disappearing.There are a number of reasons for this.Firstly, young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they often move to the towns and do not return.Secondly, people move to the cities to find jobs, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a second home in the village, where they come and stay at weekends.The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.Another problem is that it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to make money from their farms.So they sell their land and find another job.
1．主旨：　
2．要点1：　
3．要点2：　
4．要点3：　
5．用适当的连接词串连成篇：
　
　
　
Section Ⅵ
1. reasons for the disappearance of some villages
2．the youth move to the towns
3．villagers go to the cities to find jobs
4．farmland is sold
5．There exist many reasons for the disappearance of some villages.(要点1) To begin with, the youth move to the towns for more interesting life and never return.(要点2) Besides, villagers go to the cities to search for jobs.(要点3) Additionally, farmland is sold because money is hard to make for farmers from their farms.(要点4)
1 / 4(共45张PPT)
Section Ⅵ
Writing
目 录
写作项目——Writing a summary
课时跟踪检测
写作项目——Writing a summary
本课时的写作任务是写摘要，属于概要写作的范畴。该写作项目旨在培养学生提炼关键信息以及概括、归纳要点的高阶思维能力。通过对主要事件的精要梳理，运用高度凝练的语言，让读者简明扼要地把握和了解事情的起因、过程和结果。
写作技法指导
第一步：读文章——知晓体裁、明确主旨
进行概要写作时，首先要阅读所提供的文章，确定文章的体裁和主题。如本文，通过快速阅读文章各段的首句或尾句，可知文章是一篇说明文，主要讲的是英国人饮用水果茶和花草茶的习惯。
第二步：析结构——划分段落、确定要点
读完文章，把握主旨后，应迅速分析一下文章的结构。概要写作类文章的结构多为“总分、分总、总分总或并列”结构。然后把文章的自然段按意义进行划分，确定要写的要点数量(一般为3－4个要点)。
本文共分三个自然段，分别讲述了英国人对水果茶和花草茶的喜爱(第1段)，各种不同口味的水果、花草茶(第2段)，以及花草茶对健康的好处(第3段)。由此可以确定本文应有三个要点。
第三步：提信息——找主旨句、圈关键词
在分析好文章的结构后，要按照文章的段落找出每一段的主旨句，并圈出一些能体现段落大意的关键词。说明文和议论文的主旨句多在段首或段尾，但也有位于段中或无主旨句的情况。另外，文章的每一段中也可以按主旨信息、主要信息、次要信息和冗余信息来划分。提取信息时，要忽略冗余信息，也就是与主旨无关的一些细节信息。
本文各段的主旨句和关键词如下：
段落 主旨句 关键词
第一段 段首第一句 grow their very own tea gardens, plant easy-to-grow herbs
第二段 段首第二句 lemon，ginger：long be popular; unusual flavours
第三段 段首第一句 various health benefits
第四步：拟草稿——逐句分析、高度概括
分析找出的段落主旨句和关键词所在的信息句，对这些句子在不改变原意的基础上进行高度概括、同义替换或重构句式，使其符合原文的本意。
本文主旨句和关键信息句提炼如下：
段落 主旨句 关键信息句
第一段 British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs. Many people grow their very own tea gardens, in which they plant easy-to-grow herbs.
概括转换：British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their very own tea gardens.
续表
第二段 More and more unusual flavours come onto the market. Lemon and ginger have long been popular.Fruit teas now include mango, strawberry, apple and pear.Herbal teas include blackberry leaf and dandelion.
概括转换：Flavours of fruit and herbal teas include traditional lemon and ginger, as well as many unusual flavours such as mango, strawberry, apple, pear, blackberry leaf and dandelion.
第三段 Herbal tea helps you relax. Herbal tea has various health benefits.
Some ginger tea gives your immune system a helping hand.Mint tea is good for digestion.
概括转换：Herbal tea has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some like ginger tea, are good for the immune system, while others, such as mint tea, are beneficial for digestion.
续表
第五步：酿佳作——修正失误、衔接成文
在拟好概要写作的草稿后，添加适当的过渡词、句，将概括转换后的各要点衔接成文。然后通读复查，根据语法知识修正所写的概要中可能出现的一些诸如拼写、时态、标点、连接词等方面的错误。同时，根据文章的主旨大意，核实一下所写的要点是否齐全。另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
本篇概要写作最终成文如下：
British people love to make tea with fruit and herbs.Such a habit is so popular that many people plant easy-to-grow herbs in their very own tea gardens.(要点1) There are many flavours of fruit and herbal teas, including traditional and unusual flavours.(要点2) Aside from the variety of flavours, herbal tea also has various health benefits.Some can help people relax, and some are good for the immune system, while others are beneficial for digestion.(要点3)
(说明：加蓝部分为添加的衔接性词、句)
关键能力强化
概要写作是对原文内容的提炼、概括、精加工，一般不能照抄原文词句，需对原文词句进行变换，以达到提炼文内重要信息，简明表达的效果。词句变换主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．同义替换
①be good to有益于：benefit
②too much过多的：excessive
③the same as与……一样：likewise
④about关于：concerning, regarding
⑤actually事实上：in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality
⑥aim at旨在：be aimed at, be intended to, be meant to
⑦appear出现：appearance, turn up, show up
⑧approach靠近，临近：come near, draw near, around the corner
2．词性转换
①recognize your child→parents' recognition
②strongly against→strong opposition
③important→of great importance
④be anxious about→show anxiety about
⑤with angry→angrily
3．句式变化
(1)主、被动语态变换
It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
→It is widely accepted that computers are more used in the world today.
(2)简单句合并为复合句
The weather turned out to be very good.This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
随堂针对练笔
阅读短文，按下面提示列出提纲，然后合并修正，串连成篇。
Life has become difficult in many villages, and some are disappearing.There are a number of reasons for this.Firstly, young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they often move to the towns and do not return.Secondly, people move to the cities to find jobs, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.
Sometimes villages remain because people from the cities have bought a second home in the village, where they come and stay at weekends.The price of homes goes up and people from the area cannot afford to buy a house there.Another problem is that it is becoming more and more difficult for farmers to make money from their farms.So they sell their land and find another job.
1．主旨：_________________________________________
2．要点1：_________________________
3．要点2：________________________________
4．要点3：_______________
the youth move to the towns
villagers go to the cities to find jobs
farmland is sold
reasons for the disappearance of some villages
5．用适当的连接词串连成篇：
There exist many reasons for the disappearance of some villages.(要点1) To begin with, the youth move to the towns for more interesting life and never return.(要点2) Besides, villagers go to the cities to search for jobs.(要点3) Additionally, farmland is sold because money is hard to make for farmers from their farms.(要点4)
课时跟踪检测
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．为了使整个世界成为一个美丽的花园，我们应该与大自然融为一体。(be at one with)
To make the whole world become a beautiful garden, _____________ _________________.
we should be
at one with nature
2．呵护环境是全世界的首要任务。(priority)
Caring for the environment is for the world.
3．我国政府的措施见证了许多积极变化。(see)
Our government's measures .
a top priority
have seen many positive changes
4．作为一个公民，我们不妨尝试获得高超的种植技能，把我们的屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园，与自然和谐共存。(分词作状语 )
As a citizen, we might as well try , our rooftops and walls and coexisting ________________ ________.
to acquire green fingers
turning
into private gardens
in harmony with
nature
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你要参加一个名为“Low Carbon Life”的主题演讲，请你写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1．提出低碳生活的产生背景；
2．给出具体的低碳生活方式建议；
3．呼吁大家都采取低碳生活方式。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Low Carbon Life
In recent years, global warming gets more and more attention.A new lifestyle occurs — low carbon life.What can we do to live a low carbon life
First, remember to turn off lights and the taps when you do not use them.Second, use the energy-saving lamps.Besides, when we go out, take public transport as much as possible, to reduce gas emissions and to ease the transporting pressures.
All in all, there are many other things we can do to live a low carbon life.If everyone can keep this lifestyle from now on, it will greatly change the situation and our home will be more beautiful.
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half an hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past
When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well-equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.
I automatically took out my pen ...At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.
参考范文：
The author had made it a routine to keep a detailed diary of her/his everyday life to store memories.(要点1) That changed after a trip to a valley, where she/he realized breathtaking scenery was meant to be felt with heart rather than written down mechanically.(要点2) Thus, she/he has become selective about what to put in her/his diary, (要点3) focusing on the present instead of busying herself/himself with recording memories for the past or the future.(要点4)
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs. 1 It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green-collar jobs.Doesn't the data look promising for the future
2 And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener.For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind.
3 The increasing demand of newer resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs.In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environment-friendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed.Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
4 The Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter.Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online.Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management.Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. 5
A．Where can you find green-collar jobs
B．People who take green careers will be well paid.
C．Forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories.
D．Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chance for all.
E．People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.
F．As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way.
G．Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy-saving products and services.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了环保事业的未来是光明的，开发新的资源可能创造绿领工作。
1．选G　第一句已经告诉我们环保的产品和服务正在创造着绿领工作，因为世界上许多国家已经意识到能源节约的产品和服务是重要的和必要的。G项解释上文，照应下文。
2．选D　该空位于段首，从篇章结构来分析属于主题句，根据下一句“And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener.”以及再下一句所举的例子可知，这一段主要讲的是绿领工作会给各行各业带来更多的机会。
3．选F　上文已经提到由于化石燃料给环境带来负面的影响，甚至给人类带来严重的危险，因此下一段肯定要有解决的方案，即探索一种更好的方法来找出可替代物去满足需求。
4．选A　本空位于段首，根据后面的句子里所提供的动词find, search, look for等，都跟找工作有关，A项“在哪儿可以找到工作(绿领工作)？”与空后内容衔接。
5．选E　整段都在讲在哪儿可以找到绿领工作，除了在网上可查找，也可以通过报纸找到不同种类的绿领工作。UNIT 6　课时检测(六)　Writing
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．为了使整个世界成为一个美丽的花园，我们应该与大自然融为一体。(be at one with)
To make the whole world become a beautiful garden, ________________________________.
2．呵护环境是全世界的首要任务。(priority)
Caring for the environment is ________________ for the world.
3．我国政府的措施见证了许多积极变化。(see)
Our government's measures ________________________________________.
4．作为一个公民，我们不妨尝试获得高超的种植技能，把我们的屋顶和墙壁变成私人花园，与自然和谐共存。(分词作状语 )
As a citizen, we might as well try __________________________， __________ our rooftops and walls ______________________ and coexisting ______________________________.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你要参加一个名为“Low Carbon Life”的主题演讲，请你写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1．提出低碳生活的产生背景；
2．给出具体的低碳生活方式建议；
3．呼吁大家都采取低碳生活方式。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
Ⅲ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half an hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past
When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen ...At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don't want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.
　
　
　
　
　
　
　
　　
[阅读拓展训练]
阅读七选五
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green collar jobs.__1__ It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green collar jobs.Doesn't the data look promising for the future
__2__ And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener.For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind.
__3__ The increasing demand of newer resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs.In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environment friendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed.Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
__4__ The Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter.Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online.Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management.Check regularly and find the right work for yourself.__5__
A．Where can you find green collar jobs
B．People who take green careers will be well paid.
C．Forget the blue collar and white collar categories.
D．Green collar jobs have become a bright career chance for all.
E．People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green collar jobs.
F．As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way.
G．Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy saving products and services.
UNIT 6　课时检测(六)
[写作专项训练]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．we should be at one with nature　2.a top priority
3．have seen many positive changes　4.to acquire green fingers; turning; into private gardens; in harmony with nature
Ⅱ.应用文写作(参考范文)
Low Carbon Life
In recent years, global warming gets more and more attention.A new lifestyle occurs — low carbon life.What can we do to live a low carbon life
First, remember to turn off lights and the taps when you do not use them.Second, use the energy saving lamps.Besides, when we go out, take public transport as much as possible, to reduce gas emissions and to ease the transporting pressures.
All in all, there are many other things we can do to live a low carbon life.If everyone can keep this lifestyle from now on, it will greatly change the situation and our home will be more beautiful.
Ⅲ.概要写作(参考范文)
The author had made it a routine to keep a detailed diary of her/his everyday life to store memories.(要点1) That changed after a trip to a valley, where she/he realized breathtaking scenery was meant to be felt with heart rather than written down mechanically.(要点2) Thus, she/he has become selective about what to put in her/his diary, (要点3) focusing on the present instead of busying herself/himself with recording memories for the past or the future.(要点4)
[阅读拓展训练]
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了环保事业的未来是光明的，开发新的资源可能创造绿领工作。
1．选G　第一句已经告诉我们环保的产品和服务正在创造着绿领工作，因为世界上许多国家已经意识到能源节约的产品和服务是重要的和必要的。G项解释上文，照应下文。
2．选D　该空位于段首，从篇章结构来分析属于主题句，根据下一句“And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener.”以及再下一句所举的例子可知，这一段主要讲的是绿领工作会给各行各业带来更多的机会。
3．选F　上文已经提到由于化石燃料给环境带来负面的影响，甚至给人类带来严重的危险，因此下一段肯定要有解决的方案，即探索一种更好的方法来找出可替代物去满足需求。
4．选A　本空位于段首，根据后面的句子里所提供的动词find, search, look for等，都跟找工作有关，A项“在哪儿可以找到工作(绿领工作)？”与空后内容衔接。
5．选E　整段都在讲在哪儿可以找到绿领工作，除了在网上可查找，也可以通过报纸找到不同种类的绿领工作。
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