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选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1　The mass media
分值:42.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)Waterways are important for every country around the world.They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport.However,due to industrial activity,many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand.The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house.However,the river has become littered with plastic bags,bottles and cups.Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.So,with the help of her father,she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May,Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia,the US,and received a Judge's Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website,her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam,which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地).The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore.Once there,a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool,Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles.She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain.“For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students,“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish,Perry found that it worked better than expected.Next,she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
1.What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
Her father's encouragement. Her desire to protect a nearby river.
A visit to a science and engineering fair. An invention of a Dutch high school student
2.What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
It was designed by Perry alone. It makes power to run the air compressor.
It collects solar energy to remove rubbish. It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
3.What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
Advantages of the system. The way of testing the system.
The improvement on the system. Challenges in the design process.
4.What kind of person is Perry
Efficient and ambitious. Helpful and hard-working.
Responsible and creative. Professional and adventurous.
(2025·南通高三模拟)The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down.Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight,or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger.Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer:contrary to current theories,insects are not attracted to light from far away,but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest.For hundreds of millions of years,this was the sky rather than the ground.The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level.But then came artificial lighting.Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps.This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly,the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab.The videos reveal that time and again,moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights,which appeared to greatly change their flight paths.If the light is above them,they might start orbiting it,but if it's behind them,they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations.Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats.The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime,causing them to bed down and skip a night's feeding.
There are,Fabian believes,helpful lessons from the research.“What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters.Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we're facing a massive decline in insects around the world,and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
5.What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
Popularized widely. Discussed openly.
Defined accurately. Explored academically.
6.Fabian's study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because 　　　　.
they can't keep their balance. they use improper flight attitude.
they lose track of which way is up. they are attracted to lights from far away.
7.What is the significance of the research finding
It may lead to better conservation of insects.
Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
It may raise concerns for insects' eating behavior.
8.What is the text mainly about
Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
How artificial light impacts insect populations.
How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
(2025·济宁高三模拟)In 2022,the Nature Conservancy launched two 5-year pilot projects at working ranches (牧场) in Kansas and New Mexico to determine if virtual fences enable land managers to better perform regenerative management practices and to assess potential benefits for biodiversity and for ranchers' bottom lines,as well as impacts on soil carbon storage.
Applauded by the U.S.Department of Agriculture as a climate adaption strategy,virtual fencing is an innovative technology that enables ranchers to use a smartphone or web app to remotely monitor and control where and when cattle graze (吃草).Virtual fences can reduce the need for physical fences,which require significant time,expense and labor to maintain.Physical fences also limit land managers in their ability to change grazing boundaries to adapt to seasonal changes in vegetation or to exclude cattle from ecologically sensitive areas.
The cows are outfitted with battery-operated,GPS-enabled collars that send out a radio frequency to communicate with reception towers,creating virtual grazing boundaries set by a rancher.When a cow approaches the edge of the virtual boundary,the collar produces a sound signaling it to turn around.If the cow proceeds to cross the boundary,it receives a momentary mild shock,signaling that it's gone too far and should rejoin its group.
Grasslands are the least protected habitat on earth and one of the most effective carbon sinks,storing up to 20% of the world's soil organic carbon.Unfortunately,grasslands are continuing to rapidly disappear for several reasons.For ecological health,most grassland ecosystems need periods of disturbance to aerate (使透气) the soil,stimulate plant growth and recycle nutrients into the soil.Ranchers complete this disturbance-rest cycle by managing the timing,location,herd size and intensity of grazing activities,all of which can be time-consuming and painstaking.
“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss,” said William Burnidge,director of the Nature Conservancy.
9.What's stressed concerning virtual fencing in paragraph 2
Its smart design. Its major advantages.
Its wide application. Its working principles.
10.What does the mild shock indicate to the cow
It's time to return. It's time to graze.
It's in danger. It's in a wrong direction.
11.What's unavoidable for ranchers to complete the disturbance-rest cycle
Intense efforts. Polluted soil.
Financial failure. Ecological imbalance.
12.What's Mr.Burnidge's attitude to virtual fencing
Intolerant. Objective.
Doubtful. Conservative.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·济南历城二中高三模拟)Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.　1　 The following are some examples of traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.
Yacouba Sawadogo,a farmer from Burkina Faso,West Africa,has led the transformation of poor,dry land into productive agricultural land.　2　 Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits,Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.
　3　 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown,enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil,straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.
And in Thailand,some farmers have avoided modern,chemical-based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”,meaning “field chasing (追赶) ducks”.　4　
As for forest problems,periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material,expose the forest floor to sunlight,and nourish the soil.　5　 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.
A.But this practice is nothing new.
B.Ancient techniques are proving more effective,though.
C.This ground-based technique is a great help to precise farming.
D.He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.
E.Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe,too.
F.These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.
G.But sometimes,tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.
A Para.1:industrial adj.工业的,产业的;Para.2:first-hand adv.第一手得来地,直接地;remove v.移开,拿开,去掉;Para.4:direct v.指引,指向,引导;使……转向;stretch v.拉长,拽宽,撑大,抻松;拉紧,拉直
B Para.1:insect n.昆虫;navigate v.导航;Para.2:evolve v.进化;Para.3:circle n.圈; Para.4:decline n.减少;Para.5:factor n.因素
C Para.1:launch v.启动;Para.2:applaud v.赞扬;strategy n.策略;Para.3:boundary n.边界; Para.4:habitat n.栖息地;carbon n.碳;ecosystem n.生态系统;Para.5:practice n.做法
B Para.1:current　熟义:n.电流;生义:adj.现在的,最近的
C Para.4:sink　熟义:v.沉入;生义:n.储存库
词 块 积 累 A Para.3:put forward提出(计划、建议、意见等)
B Para.1:gather around聚集;Para.3:end up最终;Para.4:light pollution光污染; Para.5:helpful lessons有帮助的教训
C Para.1:enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事;as well as以及;Para.2:adapt to适应; Para.3:send out发出;communicate with与……沟通;turn around转变
长 难 句 式 B Para.2:According to Dr Sam Fabian,study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist,moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt their backs to wherever is brightest. [分析]　这是一个复合句。study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist是Dr Sam Fabian的同位语;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词moths and many other insects;连接副词wherever引导从句,作介词to的宾语。 [译文]　根据研究合著者、伦敦帝国学院昆虫学家Sam Fabian博士的说法,夜间飞行的蛾子和许多其他昆虫已经进化到会将它们的背部向最亮的地方倾斜。
C Para.5:Currently,the costs of virtual fencing are still high,but in the long run it can help land managers better carry out management practices that regenerate land health,help address climate change and biodiversity loss. [分析]　这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。在第二个分句中含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句。 [译文]　目前,虚拟围栏的成本仍然很高,但从长远来看,它可以帮助土地管理者更好地实施恢复土地健康、应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的管理措施。
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 1
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国15岁的高中女孩Dakota Perry在父亲的帮助下,设计了一款收集和清理河道垃圾的系统。
1.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,the river has become littered with...clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river.”可知,Perry为了清理河道里的垃圾,保护附近的河流,设计了一款垃圾收集系统,故选B项。]
2.D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She planned to create a curtain of bubbles...then push it toward the shore.”可知,该系统会生成气泡屏障以阻挡漂浮的垃圾,故选D项。]
3.B　[段落大意题。根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of...to form a full curtain.”和“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”可知,本段主要讲测试这个系统的方法,故选B项。]
4.C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Perry wanted to clean up the water”可以看出,Perry是一个有社会责任感的孩子;根据第五段中的“She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles”可以看出,Perry对自己的系统很负责任;根据第四段中的“Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly”可知,Perry是一个有创新精神的人,故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫因其进化出的本能会被夜间的光照困住,启示我们改善人造光源以保护昆虫。
5.C　[词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“Popular theories...a more convincing answer”可知,对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案,故可推知画线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围,这一科学问题至今仍未得到明确解释”,推测画线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”,与Defined accurately意义相近,故选C项。]
6.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found...by their evolution.”可知,飞蛾会将背部向着路灯倾斜,这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转,因此是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转,故选B项。]
7.A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这项研究的意义是告诉我们改变人造光的方向可以使昆虫不被困住,从而更好地保护昆虫,故选A项。]
8.B　[文章大意题。文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究,研究发现昆虫被进化的本能困住,会无休止地围绕人造光源旋转,这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向,更好地保护昆虫,所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫 ”符合题意,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在2022年,美国大自然保护协会在堪萨斯州和新墨西哥州中处于运营状态的牧场推出的两个为期5年的虚拟围栏试点项目,说明了虚拟牧场的工作原理以及其对牧场和管理的好处,并展望了该项目的前景。
9.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Applauded by...expense and labor to maintain.”可知,这一段主要说的是虚拟围栏对适应气候和管理都有好处,即介绍了其优势,故选B项。]
10.A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the cow proceeds...should rejoin its group.”可知,牛收到轻微电击的时候,就表明它应该回到牛群,故选A项。]
11.A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For ecological health...be time-consuming and painstaking.”可知要完成这个周期十分耗时耗力,即需要付出巨大努力,故选A 项。]
12.B　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中的“Currently,the costs of virtual fencing...help address climate change and biodiversity loss”可知,作者既提到了虚拟牧场的优点,还提到了它费用高昂的缺点,所以作者对该项目的态度是客观的,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。
1.G　[空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知,空处应与空前内容形成转折,并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候,经受住了时间考验的可靠的想法仍然有用”符合语境。G项中的“tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time”与空后的“traditional methods,old ideas,and ancient techniques”相呼应。]
2.D　[空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑,让水聚集在一个地方。自从推广坑的使用以来,Sawadogo帮助提高了布基纳法索的粮食产量。由此可知,空处应提及Yacouba Sawadogo是如何做的,即他采用了什么样的方法。D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下,符合语境。其中,D项中的“He”指代上文中的“Yacouba Sawadogo”,“an ancient way of trapping water in the soil”与下文中的“Pits (坑) are dug in the ground,allowing water to gather in one place.”相呼应。]
3.E　[空处为段落主旨句。空后提到在这里,人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞,使水能够精确地流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖,以保持尽可能多的水分。由此可知,本段提及的传统方法应与“deep holes”有关,且空处应点明“Here”所指的地方。E项“挖洞也是津巴布韦农业的重要组成部分”能够概括段落的主要内容,符合语境。]
4.F　[空前提到在泰国,一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫,而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知,空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡,吃掉害虫”说明了该方法的具体做法和目的,符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。]
5.A　[空前提到至于森林问题,定期放火可能是一个解决方案。原因是火可以清除死亡的有机物质,使森林地表暴露在阳光下,并滋养土壤。空后提到研究人员发现,亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在小心谨慎地用火清理雨林,以限制大火爆发的风险。由此可知,空处内容应是在说这种做法并不新鲜,以前就有。A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折,且与空后内容呼应,符合语境。]选择性必修第二册　UNIT 2　Sports culture
分值:50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·昆明“三诊一模”高三质量检测)In Takoma Park,Maryland,in suburban Washington,people,adults or students,lined up at a pay phone outside a restaurant several times a week.
“Once I put the phone out there,it just took off,” said David Schulman,a Takoma Park violinist who created the Bird Calls Phone.Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned night heron (夜鹭),7 to hear a pileated (有羽冠的) woodpecker's call and 9 for the distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.Instructions about how to use the phone are in three languages:English,Spanish and Amharic—a reflection of Takoma Park's Ethiopian community.In all,10 birds native to the Takoma Park area are featured.
Studies show in addition to being fun,listening to birdsong can reduce stress and anxiety.Even hearing recordings of birds can relieve negative emotions.After noticing an abandoned,nonworking pay phone in town,Schulman wondered if he could turn it into something appealing.He said,“I really like the old technology of just picking up a receiver,pressing one button and having something happen.”Schulman thought bringing bird sounds to the abandoned phone was a way to add a bit of nature to the neighborhood.
Takoma Park city officials agreed,and they budgeted $5,000 to complete the project.Schulman reached out to the Macaulay Library in Ithaca,New York,which agreed to send him a few dozen recordings of native birds.He then managed to gain the help of Branden Hall,a software engineer and artist,to rewire the phone to play different bird calls.Schulman said he persuaded several of his friends to record short descriptions of each bird to go with the calls.
“One thing I like about the Bird Calls Phone is that it's the opposite of a loud broadcast,”Schulman said.“Only one person can listen at a time,and each person will take away their own unique experience.”
1.What will listeners hear if they press buttons on the pay phone
The calls of native birds. Songs in different languages.
Descriptions of local creatures. Instructions on reducing stress.
2.Which of the following best describes David Schulman
Observant and nature-loving. Diligent and easy-going.
Serious and public-spirited. Ambitious and kind-hearted.
3.What can be inferred about the project
It encourages art appreciation.
It presents the harmony among birds.
It turns loud broadcasts into private phones.
It receives broad support from the community.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A Violinist Specializes in Ecology Pick up the Phone,Hear Birdsong
Close to Nature,Far From Depression Turn Trash into Treasure in Washington
(2025·东北师大附中高三模拟)Proper questioning has become a lost art.The curious four-year-old asks a lot of questions—incessant streams of “Why ”and “Why not ”which might sound familiar,but as we grow older,our questioning decreases.In a recent survey of more than 200 of our clients,we found that those with children estimated that 70%-80% of their kids' dialogues with others were comprised of questions.But those same clients said that only 15%-25% of their own interactions consisted of questions.Why the drop-off
Think back to your time growing up and in school.Chances are you received the most recognition or reward when you got the correct answers.Later in life,that motivator continues.At work,we often reward those who answer questions,not those who ask them.Questioning conventional wisdom can even lead to being distanced,or considered a threat.
Because expectations for decision-making have gone from “get it done soon” to “get it done now” to “it should have been done yesterday”,we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions.And the unfortunate side effect of not asking enough questions is poor decision-making.That's why it's vital that we slow down and take the time to ask more and better questions.At best,we'll arrive at better conclusions.At worst,we'll avoid a lot of reworking later on.
Aside from not speaking up enough,many professionals don't think about how different types of questions can lead to different outcomes.We should lead a conversation by asking the right kinds of questions,based on the problem we're trying to solve.In some cases,we'll want to expand our view of the problem rather than keeping it narrowly focused.In others,we may want to challenge basic assumptions or confirm our understanding in order to feel more confident in our conclusions.Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.
5.What does the underlined word “incessant” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
Constant. Random.
Noisy. Innocent.
6.What accounts for the decline of questioning in adulthood
One poses a threat to the company if they ask questions.
Those who ask questions don't necessarily get positive feedback.
One doesn't have as many opportunities as they did in childhood.
Those who question popular beliefs don't have interpersonal skills.
7.What can we infer from paragraph 3
Redoing is unavoidable despite thoughtful questions.
Better questions can surely result in desirable outcomes.
Some people think it can't be too fast to make a decision.
We'll make reasonable decisions as long as we ask questions.
8.What might the author continue talking about
Proper questions that should be raised. Important goals that we are to achieve.
Right kinds of answers to the questions. The reasons for the loss of questioning art.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·山西名校高三联考)Alia found herself disappointed in the drawing studio after missing out on picking her classes due to illness.She had hoped for Biology,but it was 　1　 by the time she got to choose.She loved everything about science,from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things.But 　2　 was so...unscientific.
The first class project was self-portraits (肖像).Some students were drawing self-portraits using 　3　.Others were working from photographs.Alia 　4　 the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.
The teacher 　5　 her.“Every portrait begins with a circle,” he said.“Then you create a series of lines.” To 　6　,he drew a group of small,quick portraits.He began each one with a 　7　,some straight lines,and a triangle (三角形) to 　8　 where the eyes,nose,and chin (下巴) should go.
　9　,Alia began her own self-portrait.She 　10　 the basic form of a head,the way she had been shown.From there,she used lines to plot the 　11　 of her face.The process took patience and 　12　.She had to take note of each detail.One wrong measurement could throw off the whole 　13　.
Alia was surprised by the structure and discipline involved in drawing a portrait.Measuring,studying details and 　14　 the basic nature of something 　15　 her of what she loved about science.
1.full changeable
busy tough
2.biology art
physics medicine
3.artbooks glass
brushes mirrors
4.cared for searched for
glanced at get rid of
5.punished approached
blamed requested
6.introduce demonstrate
complete promote
7.letter square
circle dot
8.dominate delay
dismiss determine
9.Surprisingly Excitedly
Hesitantly Disappointedly
10.drew wrote
printed typed
11.features sizes
colors lengths
12.accuracy love
courage humor
13.design paper
portrait book
14.changing revealing
distinguishing understanding
15.warned informed
suspect reminded
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·石家庄高三模拟)Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1.　　　　　　　　　 (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA),which affects the muscles used for moving the body.At the age of one,he became 2.　　　　　　　　　 (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down,making it difficult for him to breathe,feed himself,or move around without assistance.Despite these 3.　　　　　　　　　 (challenge),Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology,4.　　　　　　　　　 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now,Benjamin 5.　　　　　　　　　 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities,using his experiences to raise 6.　　　　　　　　　 (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities.He has also worked on 7.　　　　　　　　　 (develop) assistive technologies,such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8.　　　　　　　　　 his work in technology,Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights,using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability.Through his writing and speaking engagement,he hopes to encourage others 9. 　　　　　
(accept) their differences and work towards creating 10.　　　　　　　　　 more inclusive society for all.
A Para.1:suburban adj.郊区的,城外的;Para.2:distinct adj.清晰的,清楚的,明显的;不同种类的; scream n.尖叫,大声叫;instruction n.用法说明,操作指南;命令,指示;reflection n.反映,显示,表达; native adj.土著的;当地的;Para.3:relieve v.解除,减轻,缓和(不快或痛苦);abandoned adj.被离弃的,被遗弃的,被抛弃的;appealing adj.有吸引力的,令人感兴趣的;Para.4:persuade v.说服,劝说; Para.5:opposite n.对立的人(或物);对立面,反面
B Para.2:recognition n.认可;conventional adj.传统的;Para.3:expectation n.期望; decision-making n.决策;Para.4:professional n.专业人士;outcome n.结果;assumption n.假设
A Para.4:budget　熟义:n.预算;生义:v.谨慎花钱;把……编入预算
B Para.2:distance　熟义:n.距离;生义:v.疏远
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:line up排成一行,站队,排队(等候);Para.2:take off迅速成功,迅速走红; Para.4:reach out to...请求……的帮助
B Para.1:consist of由……组成;Para.3:jump to conclusions草率下结论;slow down慢下来; take the time花时间
长 难 句 式 B Para.3:Because expectations for decision-making have gone from“get it done soon”to“get it done now”to“it should have been done yesterday”,we tend to jump to conclusions instead of asking more questions. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。从属连词because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　因为对决策的期望已经从“尽快完成”变成了“现在就完成”再到“昨天就应该完成”,我们倾向于草率下结论,而不是提出更多问题。
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 2
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了塔科马帕克的小提琴家David Schulman发明鸟叫电话的故事。人们通过按电话按钮可以听到不同鸟类的叫声,从而起到缓解压力的作用。
1.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Listeners push 1 to hear a yellow-crowned...distinct scream of a red-tailed hawk.”可知,听众按下付费电话上的按钮会听到本地不同鸟类的叫声,故选A项。]
2.A　[推理判断题。本文第三段中的“After noticing an abandoned...into something appealing.”可知,David Schulman通过观察发明了Bird Calls Phone,这说明他是一个善于观察的人。同时该段最后一句话谈到Schulman认为,将鸟儿的声音上传至废弃的电话是为社区增添自然气息的一种方式。由此可推知,他是一个既善于观察又热爱大自然的人,故选A项。]
3.D　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知,Schulman获得了当地官员、纽约伊萨卡的麦考利图书馆及软件工程师兼艺术家Branden Hall的多方帮助。由此可知,这个项目得到了社会各界的广泛支持,故选D项。]
4.B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了David Schulman发明了一个电话,人们按下不同的按钮就会听到不同的鸟叫,故B项“拿起电话,听到鸟鸣”最适合作本文的标题,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“恰当的提问已经成为一门失传的艺术”这一现象,分析了该现象产生的原因,并鼓励人们恰当地提问。
5.A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段“The curious four-year-old”以及“as we grow older,our questioning decreases”可知,好奇的四岁孩子会没完没了地问“为什么 ”和“为什么不呢 ”所以画线词的意思是“持续不断的”,故选A项。]
6.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Think back...not those who ask them.”可知,提问题的人不一定能得到积极的反馈,这是导致人们成年后提问次数减少的原因,故选B项。]
7.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段“Because expectations...poor decision-making.”可知,人们对决策的期望不断提升,往往更倾向于草率下结论,不去提出更多问题。未充分提问的副作用是糟糕的决策。由此可推出,有些人认为做决定不能太快,故选C项。]
8.A　[推理判断题。首先根据题干关键信息continue talking about定位原文最后一句“Therefore,asking the right kinds of questions is what counts in achieving a goal.”,再根据这句话推断出,作者接下来可能会继续谈论如何恰当地提问,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了因病没能选上生物课的Alia被迫学了美术,并在老师的指导下尝试画肖像,最终发现美术和科学也有共通点的故事。
1.A　[句意:她本来希望选生物课,但等她选课的时候,生物课已经满了。full满的;changeable可改变的;busy忙的;tough艰难的。根据上文“Alia found herself disappointed...missing out on picking her classes due to illness.”可知,Alia由于生病而错过了选课,因此此处应该是说当她选课的时候,生物课已经被选满了,故选A项。]
2.B　[句意:但是艺术是如此……不科学的。biology生物;art艺术;physics物理;medicine医学。根据上文中的“drawing studio”及下文“The first class project was self-portraits (肖像).”可知,她最终选的是美术课,故选B项。]
3.D　[句意:一些学生正在用镜子画自画像。artbooks画册,画集;glass眼镜;brushes刷子;mirrors镜子。根据“Others were working from photographs.”可知,此处指出一些学生画自画像的方式是参考镜子里呈现的样子,故选D项。]
4.C　[句意:Alia瞥了一眼那些不完整的轮廓,感觉就像一只猫在狗展上。care for照顾,关心;search for搜寻;glance at一瞥,扫视;get rid of清理,清除。根据上下文可知,Alia对美术不感兴趣,因此此处应该是说她瞥了一眼不完整的轮廓,故选C项。]
5.B　[句意:老师走近她。punish惩罚;approach靠近;blame责备;request要求。根据下文老师说的话“‘Every portrait begins with a circle,’ he said.‘Then you create a series of lines.’”可知,老师在对Alia进行指导,因此此处指老师走近她,故选B项。]
6.B　[句意:为了演示这一点,他画了一组小巧而快速的肖像。introduce介绍;demonstrate演示,说明;complete完成;promote促进。根据“he drew a group of small,quick portraits”可知,此处指老师给Alia展示如何画,故选B项。]
7.C　[句意:他先画了一个圆圈、几条直线和一个三角形,以确定眼睛、鼻子和下巴的位置。letter信,字母;square广场,正方形;circle圆形,圆圈;dot小圆点。根据上文“Every portrait begins with a circle”可知,此处是信息词circle的词汇复现,故选C项。]
8.D　[句意同上。dominate控制;delay延迟;dismiss打发;determine决定,故选D项。]
9.C　[句意:犹豫着,Alia开始画自己的自画像。surprisingly令人惊讶地;excitedly兴奋地;hesitantly犹豫地;disappointedly失望地。该题为“大思维跨越”题。根据上文“Alia 　　　　the incomplete outlines,feeling like a cat in a dog show.”可知,Alia本来不喜欢画画,因此此处是犹豫着进行尝试,故选C项。]
10.A　[句意:她按照老师给她演示的方式,画出了一个头的基本形状。draw画画;write写;print打印;type打字。根据“Alia began her own self-portrait”可知,此处表示画画,故选A项。]
11.A　[句意:接着,她用线条勾勒出她的面部特征。feature特征,特点;size尺寸;color颜色;length长度。根据“of her face”可知,此处指画出面部特征,故选A项。]
12.A　[句意:这个过程需要耐心和准确。accuracy准确度;love爱;courage勇气;humor幽默。根据“One wrong measurement could throw off”可知,这个过程需要准确,故选A项。]
13.C　[句意:一个错误的测量可能会毁掉整个肖像。design设计;paper纸;portrait肖像;book书。根据上文“Alia began her own self-portrait”可知,此处是信息词portrait的词汇复现,故选C项。]
14.B　[句意:测量、研究细节和揭示事物的本质让她想起了自己对科学的热爱。change改变;reveal揭示;distinguish区分,辨别;understand理解。根据第一段中的“from the way it used facts to how it revealed the basic nature of things”可知,此处指揭示事物的本质,故选B项。]
15.D　[句意同上。warn警告;inform通知;suspect怀疑;remind使想起。根据“Measuring,studying details and 　　　　the basic nature of something”可知,画画过程中涉及的一些东西让Alia想起了科学,故选D项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路,以及他在为残疾人发声上所做的努力等。
1.called　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系,故填called。]
2.completely　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed,应用副词,故填completely。]
3.challenges　[考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知,challenge在此作名词,且可数,应用复数形式,故填challenges。]
4.where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology,从句中缺少地点状语,故填where。]
5.has become　[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知,时态应用现在完成时;主语Benjamin和become之间是主动关系;主语Benjamin是第三人称单数,故填has become。]
6.awareness　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达raise awareness about,意为“提高对……的意识”,故填awareness。]
7.developing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词on的宾语,故填developing。]
8.to　[考查介词。此处考查固定表达 in addition to,意为“除……之外”,故填to。]
9.to accept　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb to do sth,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故填to accept。]
10.a　[考查冠词。空处修饰名词society,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,more的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。]选择性必修第二册　UNIT 3　Fit for life
分值:40分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)
How to yum cha in Hong Kong
For Hong Kongers,a quality restaurant could become a family haunt that's visited for generations to come.Here are some of the best places for chowing down on steam-basket goodies.
Forum
Founded by a legendary abalone (鲍鱼) master,this three-Michelin-star restaurant serves classic Cantonese dim sum with attention to detail that can only be described as impeccable (无瑕疵的).If you want to know what perfect dim sum tastes like,head to Forum.
Sun Hing
As the chefs begin kneading (捏) the dough and wrapping buns in the middle of the night,neighbors slowly fill the seats and wait for its freshly made dumplings and stir-fried milk puffs.There is no menu or ordering sheet here.Diners choose their dim sum from the display towers located at the counter.
Golden Valley
Golden Valley offers two styles of Chinese cuisine—Cantonese and Sichuanese—on one dim sum menu.Golden Valley's dumplings are a refreshing and sumptuous (豪华的) pocket of shrimp,mushrooms,pork and water chestnuts,while its Sichuanese dan dan noodles are flavorfully spicy.
Veggie Kingdom
Veggie Kingdom boasts a pretty impressive meatless dim sum experience that even non-vegetarians wouldn't feel lacking.With a veteran dim sum chef at the helm,Veggie Kingdom makes fresh vegan dishes using traditional cooking techniques.Specially-treated vegetable oil is used to replace lard (猪油) and butter.Mushrooms are added to replace the usual pork fillings.
1.What is the feature of Sun Hing
It was founded by a famed master. It offers special kinds of noodles.
It offers dim sum to night owls. It offers menus to order food.
2.Which restaurant best suits visitors who dislike meat
Golden Valley. Veggie Kingdom.
Forum. Sun Hing.
3.In which section of a magazine can the text be found
Business. Travel.
Entertainment. Health.
(2025·兰州高三诊断)For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman of the Deer Park Police Department.They've been through a lot together,and the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.Recently,the team had just returned to the station when an EF-3 tornado suddenly formed nearby.
The wind picked up fast.Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn't think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.“The thought of ruins or the car flipping over...I couldn't do that to him,” said Joel.“I couldn't have him out there during that.” He felt debris (碎片) hitting his face as he headed into the wind,and he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second.
Conditions worsened even further when Joel made it around to the other side of the car.The wind and rain were so strong that he couldn't get the door open.When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.“I could barely open his door,” Joel said.“When I did,he's a smart dog,he saw what was going on outside and he said he was not coming out.” With a lot of coaxing (劝诱),Roni finally followed his partner out of the car,and Joel was able to lead him by the collar back into the safety of the station.
“Never been through anything like this before,” Joel said of the frightening event.Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he'd do it all over again,if he had to.“I love that dog,” he explained.“He's a part of our family.We can't leave a loved one like that.There's no way I was going to leave him like that.”
Well done,officer.It's nice to know that these cops have each other's backs through thick and thin.
4.What is the relationship between Roni and Joel like
Plain. Distant.
Terrible. Inseparable.
5.Why did Joel rush out despite the coming disaster
Roni was still on duty outside. He attempted to get inside the car.
He went to rescue Roni stuck in the car. He wanted to learn more about the tornado.
6.What is the most unexpected difficulty during the rescue of Roni
Lack of official help. Roni's fear of the danger.
The poor quality of the door. The unsafe situation of the station.
7.How does the experience influence Roni and Joel
They are more attached to each other. They are now living closer to each other.
They have more loved ones in their lives. They are more independent of each other.
(2025·广州高三冲刺训练一)You are what you think.Whatever you are doing right now is determined by your thinking.All your emotions and desires are influenced by your thinking.The problem is that when you are not aware of your thinking,you have no chance of correcting it if it is poor.When thinking is subconscious,you are in no position to see any problems in it.And,if you don't see any problems in it,you won't be motivated to change it.What's worse,few people realize the powerful role that thinking plays in their lives,so they don't gain significant command of it.As a result,most people are in many ways victims of their thinking.
Consider your success as a student.The single most significant variable in determining your success as a student is the quality of your thinking.Your instructors will play a role in your learning,but even the best teachers cannot get into your head and learn for you.If you lack the intellectual skills necessary for thinking well through course content,you will not be successful in school.
Here is the key question we are putting to you in this book.If the quality of a person's thinking is the single most significant determinant of both happiness and success,why not take the time to learn from the best thinkers
This book will inform you of the tools that the best thinkers use and will illustrate the activities and practice you can use to begin to emulate them,and take control of your destiny as a thinker.Each chapter focuses on a different aspect of these thinking aids,helping you discover the power of your own mind and of your potential to think systematically about your thinking.This book,as a whole,introduces you to the tools of mind that will help you reason well through various challenges you face.If you take these ideas seriously and practice using them,you can improve the quality of your thinking and ultimately,the quality of your life.
8.Why do many people lack motivation to change their poor thinking
They are victims of emotions. They are unaware of the need.
They think highly of themselves. They lack the academic guidance.
9.What plays the most crucial role in school success
The course content. The school environment.
The commitment of teachers. The quality of an individual's thinking.
10.What does the underlined word “emulate” mean in paragraph 4
Make friends with. Win over.
Follow the example of. Look up to.
11.The book is organized according to 　　　　.
types of life challenges varieties of thinking tools
determinants of life value ideas of different thinkers
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·广州高三调研)Collaboration (协作) happens more often than we realize.　1　.This may seem easy in theory but being an effective collaborator can sometimes be a challenge.Below are the tips on how to improve your collaboration skills.
·Listening
　2　.During collaboration,it can be easy to get so wrapped up in your own ideas that you're not giving your full attention and consideration to everyone else's.If everyone in the room falls victim to this,there wouldn't really be any collaboration happening.Take time to really listen and process the ideas of others.
·Giving and receiving honest feedback
It's important that everyone is able to be straightforward when giving and receiving feedback.When you share your opinion and someone else disagrees with it,try not to take it personally.　3　.It's not necessarily for your ideas to be right.On the other hand,you should also feel comfortable with giving open and honest feedback to others so long as you're being polite.
·　4　
This could be someone who works in a different position at your job,someone with a different background from you,or someone who's an expert in the topic you're seeking information about.This can help to start more dynamic conversations and introduce new ideas you may not have come up with if you were working on your own or with a group of like-minded people.
Collaboration may not always be easy.　5　.
A.Appreciating ideas from different fields
B.Seeking collaborators outside your field
C.It's important to not let your self-importance take hold
D.Without collaboration,we may not be able to complete most of our work
E.If you do feel annoyed,remind yourself the goal is to find an ideal solution
F.It can be defined as working together with others to achieve a common goal
G.But if you apply these ideas,you may find the experience productive and positive
A Para.1:haunt n.常去的场所,消磨时光的去处;goody n.好吃的东西; Para.3:counter n.(商店、银行等的)柜台;(厨房的)操作台
B Para.3:barely adv.几乎不,几乎没有;刚刚,仅仅,勉强可能
C Para.1:command n.控制,管辖,指挥;命令;掌握,运用;victim n.受害者;Para.2:variable n.可变因素,变量adj.多变的,易变的;Para.4:illustrate v.(用示例、图画等)说明,解释;destiny n.命运
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:chow down on大口吃……
B Para.2:pick up改善,好转,增强;加速;think twice about doing sth三思而行,慎重考虑后再决定; flip over翻转;Para.4:now that既然,由于
C Para.1:be in no position to do sth(因为没有能力、金钱或权力而)不能够做某事
长 难 句 式 B Para.4:Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner,and he'd do it all over again,if he had to. [分析]　Now that引导原因状语从句;if引导条件状语从句。 [译文]　既然危险已过,他感到和他的K-9伙伴更加亲近了,如果有必要,他还会这样做。
C Para.1:The problem is that when you are not aware of your thinking,you have no chance of correcting it if it is poor. [分析]　that引导表语从句;when在表语从句中引导时间状语从句。 [译文]　问题在于,当你对自己的思维没有意识时,如果思维质量差,你就没有机会去纠正它。
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 3
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了香港的四家茶餐厅。
1.C　[细节理解题。根据Sun Hing部分中的“As the chefs begin kneading(捏) the dough and wrapping buns in the middle of the night”可知,厨师们在半夜开始揉面和包饺子,由此可见,Sun Hing的特色就在于为夜猫子们提供夜宵,故选C项。]
2.B　[细节理解题。根据Veggie Kingdom部分中的“Veggie Kingdom boasts a pretty impressive meatless dim sum experience...Veggie Kingdom makes fresh vegan dishes”可知,Veggie Kingdom提供的是素食,适合不喜欢吃肉的食客,故选B项。]
3.B　[文章出处题。根据本文标题“How to yum cha in Hong Kong”(如何在香港饮茶)和文章中对四家餐厅的介绍,如“If you want to know what perfect dim sum tastes like,head to Forum.”可知,本文主要介绍了香港著名的餐厅,这样的文章可能出现在“旅行”版块,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了警官Joel和他的警犬Roni是形影不离的搭档,在共同经历了一次龙卷风事故之后,二者更加亲密无间的故事。
4.D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For the past 8 years,K-9 Officer Roni has been by the side of Officer Joel Nitchman...the cop (警察) thinks of the dog as a member of his own family.”可知,Joel和Roni形影不离,Joel把Roni当作自己的家人看待,由此可知他们的关系很亲密,密不可分,故选D项。]
5.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Remembering Roni was still inside his cage in the patrol car,Joel didn't think twice about rushing outside into the storm to get his partner.”可知,Joel冲出去是为了把还在巡逻车的笼子里的Roni带出来,即为了救被困在车里的Roni,故选C项。]
6.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he knew the situation was worsening with every passing second”可知,Joel对当时的天气等客观情况是了解的;再由第三段中的“When he finally opened it,Roni refused to move.”和“he said he was not coming out”可知,Roni看到了车外糟糕的天气,害怕得不敢出来。由此可知,在救Roni的过程中,最意想不到的困难是Roni对车外的危险的害怕,故选B项。]
7.A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Now that the danger has passed,he feels even closer to his K-9 partner”可知,Roni和Joel比以前更亲密了,故选A项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要从思考的重要性切入介绍了一本书,该书旨在指导读者如何从最优秀的思考者那里学习,并通过提升思维质量来改善生活。
8.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The problem is that when you are not aware of...you won't be motivated to change it.”可知,很多人缺乏改变他们糟糕的思考方式的动力是因为他们没有意识到这种需要,故选B项。]
9.D　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和“If you lack the intellectual skills necessary for thinking well through course content,you will not be successful in school.”可知,个人思维的质量对其在学校的成功中起着最关键的作用,故选D项。]
10.C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的“This book will inform you of the tools that the best thinkers use and will illustrate the activities and practice you can use to begin”以及下文中的“and take control of your destiny as a thinker”可知,这本书将告诉读者最优秀的思考者使用的方法,读者可以以他们为榜样,通过思考掌握自己的命运。故画线词的意思应是“模仿,效仿”,故选C项。]
11.B　[写作手法题。根据倒数第一段中的“Each chapter focuses on a different...to think systematically about your thinking.”可知,每一章都侧重于这些思考辅助方法的不同方面,帮助你发现自己思维的力量和系统思考自己思维的潜力,由此可推知,这本书介绍了不同类型的思维工具,是根据思考方法的多样性谋篇布局,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了几个促进沟通协作的方法。
1.F　[上文谈到协作发生的频率比我们意识到的要高。再结合下文的“in theory”可知,空处应该是在理论上对协作进行解释。故F项“它可以被定义为与他人一起工作来实现共同目标”作为过渡衔接句,符合题意。]
2.C　[本段建议“倾听”。下文谈到在合作过程中,你很容易完全沉浸于自己的想法中,以至于没有充分关注并考虑别人的想法。故C项“重要的是不要让你的自负占据上风”符合题意。]
3.E　[本段建议“给予并接受诚实的反馈意见”。上文谈到当你分享你的意见而其他人不同意时,尽量不要生气。下文谈到了你的想法不一定是正确的,故E项“如果你确实感到生气,提醒自己目标是找到理想的解决方案”承上启下,符合语境。]
4.B　[本空是标题。根据其他小标题的句式可知,本空应在A项与B项中选择。根据下文的“这可能是在你的工作中担任不同职位的人,与你背景不同的人,也可能是你正在寻找的信息的主题方面的专家”可知,本段应讲述寻找什么样的人来合作。故B项“寻找你所在领域以外的合作者”符合题意。]
5.G　[根据第一段最后一句以及本文的每个小标题所阐述的内容可知,本文是在建议如何成为一个有效的合作者。空前谈到“协作可能并不总是那么容易”,G项“但是,如果你应用这些建议,你可能会发现这种体验是富有成效并积极的”符合语境。选项中的“But”表转折,同时“these ideas”与本文的建议相吻合。]选择性必修第二册　UNIT 4　Living with technology
分值:50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·周口高三模拟)Minh Anh Ho is sitting beside a microscope.Many people are busy with other tasks.One is interviewing the mayor for a TV news station.Another is running the electric company.As a researcher for a company that repurposes plastic,Minh Anh Ho is studying a sheet of cling wrap (保鲜膜).“It's a really important job,” she says.“Plastic takes a really long time to disappear,so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”
The learning center where Minh Anh Ho and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life.Students run an imaginary town,with each kid doing a different job in a different business.Each year,about 83% of all sixth graders in Finland go through the program.It teaches them not just about business and working,but also,as Minh Anh Ho's “job” makes clear,about the circular (循环) economy.
Most societies have linear (线性) economies,which operate on a “take,make,waste” model.Natural resources are taken from the Earth and made into products,which are usually thrown away if left over.In 2016,Finland became the first country to use a “road map” to a circular economy.This model focuses on the transformation of existing products.Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use less raw (未经加工的) material to make their products.That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.
Education has always been a central part of Finland's plan.Kindergarten director Liisa Woitsch is sitting on the floor with students and a broken wooden chair.“Do we just throw it away now,” she asks,“or can you think of anything else that can be done with it ” A little boy pounds on the chair.He says it can be used as a drum.
Anssi Almgren helped design the program.“Children have so many great ideas,” he says.“We want to enable them to think about solutions.But changing a society by educating its youth takes time.”
1.Why does the author describe the learning center in paragraph 1
To make readers better understand the program.
To show how excited the students are.
To express his concern over the program.
To praise the students' concentration.
2.How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3
By providing reasons. By following time order.
By making comparisons. By giving examples.
3.What is the main purpose of a circular economy
To reduce the waste of resources. To keep a higher living standard.
To increase the use of raw material. To discover new types of natural resources.
4.What is the text mainly about
The lessons from a learning center. An introduction to linear economies.
The education on the circular economy. Finland's plans on economic development.
(2025·东莞东华中学高三模拟)A last defender of privacy,our brains have remained inviolate (未受侵犯的),even as sensors now record our heartbeats,breaths,steps and sleep.All that is about to change.
Large tech companies are already investing heavily in brain wearables.They aim to put brain sensors into smart watches,headsets and sleep aids.Integrating them into our everyday lives could revolutionize health care,enabling personalized treatment of conditions.Brain sensors could improve our ability to think,focus and even communicate with technological telepathy (心灵感应)—using the power of thoughts and emotions to drive interaction with AR and VR headsets.
But brain wearables also pose real risks to mental privacy and self-determination.As these devices increase,they'll generate vast amounts of neural (神经的) data,creating a window into our brain states.Nowadays,our inner selves are not as secret as before.From neuromarketing to the rabbit hole of social media,they violate human brains even when people don't realize that.Social media “like” buttons and notifications are features designed to draw us habitually back to platforms,using our brains' reward systems.
As brain wearables and artificial intelligence (AI) advance,the line between human agency and machine intervention will also not be manifest.When a wearable reshapes our thoughts and emotions,how much of our actions remain truly our own As we begin to offload mental tasks onto AI,we risk becoming overly dependent on technology.Should we allow AI to shape our mental experiences And how do we keep our humanity in an interconnected world remade by these technologies
We stand at the beginning of a brain wearable revolution.We need caution and an open debate about the risks and benefits of neurotechnology to ensure it is used responsibly.To get there will require we recognize new digital age rights to preserve our inner liberty—self-determination over our brains and mental experiences.We must do so now,before the choice is no longer ours to make.
5.What is stressed about brain wearables in paragraph 2
Their application. Their potential.
Their popularity. Their diversity.
6.What does the author want to show by mentioning social media “like” buttons and notifications
People rely on technology too much. Risk of brain wearables is everywhere.
Neuromarketing affects people easily. Mental privacy is violated unknowingly.
7.What does the word “manifest” underlined in paragraph 4 mean
Clear. Stable.
Necessary. Reasonable.
8.What does the author appeal to people to do
Be open to new technology. Oppose brain wearables.
Defend the freedom of thought. Keep humanity in high-tech era.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·金华十校高三模拟)I found a brown bag outside after our move.“Grass Seed,” it said in big letters.My husband and I 　1　 the seeds all over the dirty yard in front of our new house.“I have no idea if they will 　2　,” I told him,“but it's worth a shot.” Just like our 　3　 to move to the rural Arizona.
Near our new house sat a charming cottage,which was 　4　 to tourists.I got a job offer to 　5　 the cottage.I'd worked in hotels for years,so when offered the 　6　,I jumped at it.Still,it was a big change.I 　7　 that it would be a right move.
While we waited for our grass to grow—or not—we 　8　 settled into our new house through our efforts.We made it a cozy home,despite the 　9　 in the front yard,which was still bare now.Meanwhile,many of the cottage guests became 　10　,and I got to know them well.I felt 　11　 to make their stays memorable.Perhaps I was better at that than 　12　.
But after a monsoon (季风) swept through,I woke up to a beautiful morning and looked out the window.There was no grass growing in the sunlight.　13　,our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias (百日菊)! The front yard turned out even better than I could have 　14　,just like our new life.And it remains a powerful 　15　 of the beauty that awaits us in our new chapter.
1.sought spread
collected removed
2.remain last
dry root
3.need intention
decision agreement
4.rented given
sold introduced
5.green advertise
fill up look after
6.help chance
service accommodation
7.pretended decided
understood prayed
8.naturally hardly
gradually temporarily
9.uncertainty potential
danger untidiness
10.locals employers
regulars gardeners
11.proud grateful
curious stressed
12.house renting yard cleaning
keeping house growing grass
13.Otherwise Instead
Besides Therefore
14.imagined designed
remembered appreciated
15.test memory
reminder choice
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·温州中学高三模拟)Once,in the lively and beautiful ocean,I,a blue whale,1. 　
(swim) freely with my fellows in our home,but one day,it was destroyed by a disastrous event that would 2.　　　　　　　　　 (permanent) change our lives.
News spread through the underwater currents 3.　　　　　　　　　 an alarming rate on Japan's decision to discharge nuclear-contaminated (核污染的) water into the ocean regardless of other nations' strong opposition,which reduced us to fear and 4.　　　　　　　　　 (uncertain) as we realized the unavoidable danger we faced.Fish,our companions in the vast blue ocean,began to suffer,whose once elegant movements disappeared.Some floated (漂浮) lifelessly,5.　　　　　　　　　 (become) victims of the attack carried out by the invisible enemy that had entered our home.The delicate balance of our ecosystem 6.　　　　　　　　　 (upset) seriously and this left our once harmonious community full of sorrow and hopelessness now.
7.　　　　　　　　　 (large) than any other creatures in the ocean,I felt the weight of responsibility on my massive shoulders and therefore called upon my fellow ocean residents to unite to save our 8.　　　　　　　　　 (wound) home.We surfaced to catch the attention of passing ships and sang mournful tunes to touch the hearts of those difference makers,9.　　　　　　　　　 they are.
We're longing for a world 10.　　　　　　　　　 the beauty and peace of our ocean would be preserved for future generations.
A Para.2:imaginary adj.想象的;Para.3:operate v.运作;recycled adj.回收的; Para.5:solution n.解决方案
B Para.1:sensor n.传感器;Para.2:invest v.投资;Para.3:privacy n.隐私;generate v.生成; Para.4:agency n.代理;intervention n.干预;reshape v.重塑
A Para.4:pound　熟义:n.磅;生义:v.敲打
B Para 3:draw　熟义:v.画;生义:v.吸引
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:sit beside坐在旁边;be busy with忙于;Para.3:natural resources自然资源; Para.4:throw away扔掉;think of想到;Para.5:take time需要时间
B Para 2:aim to do旨在做某事;put into放入;Para 3:as secret as像……一样秘密
长 难 句 式 A Para.2:The learning center where Minh Anh Ho and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life. [分析]　这是一个复合句。关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰learning center。 [译文]　学习中心旨在让孩子们了解工作生活,在这里Minh Anh Ho和她的同学们度过了每一天。
B Para 3:As these devices increase,they'll generate vast amounts of neural data,creating a window into our brain states. [分析]　这是一个复合句。从属连词as引导时间状语从句;现在分词短语creating a window into our brain states作结果状语。 [译文]　随着这些设备的增加,它们将生成大量的神经数据,创造出进入我们大脑状态的窗口。
选择性必修第二册　UNIT 4
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要通过介绍Minh Anh Ho对保鲜膜的研究,从而引出文章的主题——循环经济。
1.A　[写作意图题。根据第一段中“Another is running...and not just throw it away.”可知,作者在段落中描述了研究中心,其目的是让读者们更好地了解该研究中心有关保鲜膜研究的重要性。即更好地了解整个项目,故选A项。]
2.C　[写作手法题。根据第三段中“Most societies have linear (线性) economies,which operate on a ‘take,make,waste’ model.”以及“In 2016,Finland became the first country to use a ‘road map’ to a circular economy.”可知,本段通过将线性经济和循环经济进行比较,从而阐述循环经济的内容。故作者是通过比较的方式来演绎本段内容的,故选C项。]
3.A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Businesses rely on...the amount of waste going into landfills.”可知,循环经济的目的是减少资源浪费,故选A项。]
4.C　[文章大意题。通读全文,文章通过介绍Minh Anh Ho对保鲜膜的研究,从而引出文章的主题——循环经济。结合第一二段对学习中心的描述,以及最后一段“We want to enable...by educating its youth takes time.”可知,文章主要介绍了关于“循环经济”的教育,故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了一些科技公司在研发大脑可穿戴设备,这些设备有助于彻底改变医疗保健,提高人们的思考能力、专注力和沟通能力等,但也会对人们的心理隐私和思想自由构成威胁。
5.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,大型科技公司已经在大脑可穿戴设备上投入巨资。他们的目标是将大脑传感器放入智能手表、耳机和睡眠辅助器中。将它们融入我们的日常生活可以彻底改变医疗保健,实现个性化的疾病治疗。大脑传感器可以提高我们思考能力、注意力甚至通过技术心灵感应进行交流的能力。因此,本段主要介绍的是大脑可穿戴设备的潜力,故选B项。]
6.D　[写作意图题。根据第三段中的“Nowadays,our inner selves are not as secret...violate human brains even when people don't realize that.”可知,作者认为,如今我们的内在自我不像以前那样私密。从神经营销到社交媒体的兔子洞,它们在人们没有意识到的情况下搅扰人类的大脑,侵犯他们的隐私。接着以社交媒体的“喜欢”按钮和通知为例说明这一现象,故选D项。]
7.A　[词义猜测题。画线词后提到,当可穿戴设备重塑我们的思想和情感时,我们的行为中有多少真正是我们自己的 当我们开始将脑力任务转移给人工智能时,我们有可能过度依赖技术。我们应该让人工智能塑造我们的心理体验吗 我们如何在一个由这些技术重塑的互联世界中保持我们的人性 这些问题表明人类能动性和机器干预之间的界限不清晰,故选A项。]
8.C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To get there will require we recognize new digital age rights...before the choice is no longer ours to make”可知,要实现这一目标,我们需要意识到新数字时代的权利,以维护我们的内在自由——对我们的大脑和心理体验的自决权。我们必须现在就这样做,在我们无法再做出选择之前,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。作者搬家后无意间撒下的种子竟然开出百日菊,这段经历让作者意识到:在新的生活篇章中,等待着人们的是美好。
1.B　[seek探索;spread撒,扩散;collect收集;remove清除。根据常识和上文中的“I found a brown bag outside after our move.‘Grass Seed,’it said in big letters.”以及下文中的“I told him,‘but it's worth a shot.’”可知,作者搬到一个新房子时,看到一包草种子,所以此处指的是虽不知道是否能长出草来,还是把种子“撒”到院子里,故选B项。]
2.D　[remain仍然是;last持续;dry(使)变干;root(使)生根。根据常识以及下文中的“While we waited for our grass to grow—or not”可知,作者不知道种子会不会“生根”,故选D项。]
3.C　[need需要;intention意图;decision决定;agreement同意。根据上文中的“‘I have no idea if they will 　　　　,’I told him,‘but it's worth a shot.’”可知,作者在不知道种子是否会生根的情况下决定把种子撒在院子里,结合Just like可知,此处指的是搬到亚利桑那州的“决定”,故选C项。]
4.A　[句意:在我们的新房子附近有一座出租给游客的迷人小屋。rent租;give给予;sell卖;introduce介绍。根据上文中的“Near our new house sat a charming cottage”可知,在作者新家附近有一个迷人小屋,下文中的“tourists”是词语同现,由此可知,该小屋是“租”给游客的,故选A项。]
5.D　[green绿化;advertise做广告;fill up填满;look after照顾。根据上文中的“I got a job offer”可知,作者得到了一份工作,由此可推断,此处指的是“照顾”小屋,故选D项。]
6.B　[help帮助;chance机会;service服务;accommodation住宿。根据上文中的“I got a job offer to 　　　　the cottage.”可知,作者得到一份照顾小屋的工作,由此可知,此处指的是照顾小屋的工作“机会”,故选B项。]
7.D　[pretend假装;decide决定;understand理解;pray祈祷。根据语境和下文中的“that it would be a right move”可知,作者一家搬到新家,到处是不熟悉的环境,由此可推断,此处应为“祈祷”这是一次正确的搬迁,故选D项。]
8.C　[naturally自然地;hardly几乎不;gradually逐渐地;temporarily暂时地。根据上文中的“While we waited for our grass to grow—or not”可知,作者一家在等着草能否长得出来,这应该是一个缓慢的过程,由此可推断,此处指的是作者他们“逐渐地”适应新的房子,故选C项。]
9.A　[uncertainty不确定性;potential潜力;danger危险;untidiness不整齐。根据上文中的“While we waited for our grass to grow—or not”以及下文中的“in the front yard,which was still bare now”可知,此处指的是作者他们在前院撒的草种是否能长出来,现在还是空荡荡的,由此可知,此处应为“不确定性”,故选A项。]
10.C　[local当地人;employer雇主;regular常客;gardener园丁。根据上文中的“Near our new house sat a charming cottage,which was 　　　　to tourists.”可知,小屋是租给游客们的,此处指的是经常租住小屋的游客,即“常客”,故选C项。]
11.A　[proud自豪的;grateful感激的;curious好奇的;stressed焦虑的。根据下文中的“to make their stays memorable”可知,作者的一些做法给游客们留下了难忘的回忆,由此可知,此处指的是作者对此感到“自豪”,故选A项。]
12.D　[house renting租房;yard cleaning打扫院子;keeping house持家;growing grass种草。根据语境和上文中 “Perhaps I was better at that”可知,作者将草种撒在前院,至今前院仍是空荡荡的,相比而言,作者更擅长给游客们留下难忘的回忆,由此可知,此处是与“种草”相比较,故选D项。]
13.B　[otherwise否则;instead相反;besides此外;therefore因此。根据上文中的“There was no grass growing in the sunlight.”以及下文中的“our yard was covered in a rainbow of zinnias (百日菊)!”可知,作者的院子里没有长出草,长出来的却是百日菊,由此可知,此处应为“相反”,故选B项。]
14.A　[imagine想象;design设计;remember记住;appreciate感激,欣赏。根据语境以及下文中的“The front yard turned out even better than...”可知,作者一直以为撒下去的是草种,所以一直想象的是能长出一片草地,而最终长出的是百日菊,由此可知,此处应为前院比“想象”的还要好,故选A项。]
15.C　[test测试;memory记忆;reminder提醒物;choice选择。根据上文中的“The front yard turned out even better than I could have 　　　　,just like our new life.”可知,作者前院最终比想象的还要美好,就像她的新生活一样,比想象的要好,结合下文中的“of the beauty that awaits us in our new chapter”可知,这件事情应是对作者的一个有力的“提醒”,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要以蓝鲸的视角介绍了海洋和海洋中的生物正在经历的悲伤。
1.swam　[考查时态。本文的主体时态是一般过去时,此处也用一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作,故填swam。]
2.permanently　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰动词change,因此需要用所给词的副词形式,故填permanently。]
3.at　[考查介词。此处表示“日本不顾其他国家的强烈反对,决定将核污水排入海洋的消息以惊人的速度随着洋流传播,使我们意识到了无法避免的危险,让我们陷入恐惧和不确定。”at an alarming rate“以惊人的速度”是固定搭配,故填at。]
4.uncertainty　[考查词性转换。and连接两个并列的成分作介词to的宾语。前面用了名词fear,空处也用名词与fear并列,故填uncertainty。]
5.becoming　[考查非谓语动词。一些鱼毫无生气地漂浮着,成了入侵我们家园的无形敌人实施的袭击的受害者。本句已有谓语动词floated,故空处是非谓语动词作结果状语,become是系动词,只能与逻辑主语构成主谓关系,应用现在分词形式,故填becoming。]
6.was upset　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。空处在第一个分句中作谓语,此处仍然讲述过去的事情,故用一般过去时。upset“扰乱”是及物动词,与主语balance是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语是第三人称单数概念,故填was upset。]
7.Larger　[考查比较等级。此处表示“我比海洋中的任何生物都大,所以我感到责任的重担压在我宽阔的肩膀上”,比较级的标志词than表明空处要填比较级,注意首字母大写,故填Larger。]
8.wounded　[考查非谓语动词。此处表示“因此,我呼吁海洋居民们团结起来拯救我们受到伤害的家园。”空处作定语修饰名词home,根据语境和wound的用法可以判断,所给的提示词wound是动词,表示“伤害”,空处应填非谓语动词。wound与被修饰词home是逻辑上的动宾关系,应该用过去分词作前置定语,故填wounded。]
9.whoever　[考查状语从句。此处表示“我们浮出水面以吸引过往船只的注意,唱着悲伤的曲调,希望能触动那些能够做出改变的人们的心弦,无论他们是谁。”分析句子结构可知,空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论是谁”,且在从句中作表语,故填whoever。]
10.where　[考查定语从句。此处表示“我们渴望一个世界,在这个世界里,海洋的美丽和安宁能够为我们的后代保留下来。”分析句子结构可知,world后是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是表示地点的world,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。]

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