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选择性必修第三册　UNIT 1　Wish you were here
分值:40分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
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1.Which of the following will restrict your full access to NGS websites
Connecting through the mobile phone. Signing up for SMS Services.
Refusing cookies from NGS. Using your IP address.
2.What will happen if you click on a hyperlink not limited to NGS services
You will be still on NGS services.
Your information will be treated similarly.
Your privacy will be let out by NGS services.
You are sending information to another website or app.
3.What is this text
Warning of a project. Use of a website.
An introduction to an item. An advertisement for an app.
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)Nanako Hama was holding a light envelope.When she tore it open with care,locks of hair emerged.Many strangers send Hama locks of their hair,hoping to recycle it.
People generate a huge amount of hair waste.Nearly all of that waste ends up in landfill,where it can release harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.But hair possesses so many useful qualities that it's a shame to simply throw it away.That's why people all around the world,like Hama,have been collecting hair and finding innovative ways to recycle it,including making mats (垫子) out of it for removing oil leaks in the ocean.
Hama is part of the nonprofit Matter of Trust(MoT) members working at more than 60 centers dotted across 17 countries,using machines to make hair donated from local salons and individuals into square mats,which are then used to clean up the floating oil.“Hair is particularly well-suited for this,” says MoT co-founder Lisa Gautier.“That's because its rough sort of outer layer lets oil stick to it.”MoT's mats have been used in major oil leaks,including the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 2007 Cosco Busan incidents.
In a 2018 study,Murray,an environmental scientist at the University of Technology Sydney in Australia found that mats made of recycled human hair could absorb 0.84 grams of oil onto its surface for every gram of hair—significantly more than polypropylene (聚丙烯),a type of plastic that's typically used to clean up the floating oil.Besides,hair is also useful as fertilizer (化肥).Hair contains relatively high nitrogen (氮),a chemical element crucial for plant growth,and each lock of hair is made of roughly 16 percent of this essential nutrient.Last year,more than 560 gallons of liquid fertilizer made from human hair was sold to farmers in northern Tanzania and the feedback from the farmers has been very encouraging.
“It's just a great way to use hair in a productive way.Hair is an answer literally hanging in front of our eyes—for oil and soil,” Hama says.
4.How does the author introduce the topic
By presenting a scene. By detailing the background.
By describing the usage of hair. By praising an environmentalist.
5.What can the mat made of human hair do
Improve soil. Prevent oil leaks.
Take in harmful gases. Clear the sea of oil.
6.Which qualities of hair contribute to its innovative use
Its color and strength. Its length and amount.
Its weight and flexibility. Its structure and component.
7.Which best describes the future of hair waste as fertilizer
Uncertain. Promising.
Doubtful. Worrying.
(2025·海南中学高三模拟)That dinosaurs ate the mammals (哺乳动物) that ran beneath their feet is not in doubt.Now an extraordinary fossil newly described in Scientific Reports,unearthed by a team led by Gang Han at Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology in China,shows that sometimes the tables were turned.
The fossil dated to about 125 million years ago,during the Cretaceous period was formed when a flow of boiling volcanic mud swallowed two animals seemingly locked in a life-and-death fight.The one on top is a mammal.This animal is a herbivorous species closely related to the Triceratops (三角恐龙).Animal interactions such as this are exceptionally kept in the fossil record.
One possibility is that the mammal was eating something already dead other than hunting live prey.These days it is uncommon for small mammals to attack much larger animals.But it is not unheard of.And Dr.Han and his colleagues point out that those mammals which eat dead bodies typically leave tooth marks all over the bones of the animals.The dinosaur's remains show no such marks.There is also a chance the fossil could be a fake.More and more convincing fakes have emerged,as this one did though Dr.Han and his colleagues argue that the complexly connected nature of the skeletons (骨骼) makes that unlikely,too.
Assuming it is genuine,the discovery serves as a reminder that not all dinosaurs were enormous during the Cretaceous and not all mammals were tiny.From nose to tail,the dinosaur is just 1.2 meters long.The mammal is a bit under half a meter in length.Despite being half the size,the mammal has one paw firmly wrapped around one of its prey's limbs,and another pulling on its jaw.It is biting down on the dinosaur's chest,and has ripped off two of its ribs.Before they were interrupted,it seems that the mammal was winning.
8.Which idiom is closest in meaning to underlined part “the tables were turned” in paragraph 1
The fittest survives. The hunters become hunted.
Fortune always favors the brave. The truth will always come to light.
9.Why does the author mention the “tooth marks” in paragraph 3
To prove the fossil was fake. To show the forming of the fossil.
To illustrate the process of hunting. To suggest the dinosaur was hunted alive.
10.What makes Dr.Han think the fossil is genuine
The size of the fossil. The absence of fake fossils.
The complexity of the skeletons. The consistency of the opinions.
11.What is the function of the last paragraph
It offers a cause. It highlights a solution.
It justifies the conclusion. It provides a new discovery.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三模拟)Many people think of travel as an unusual experience,and rightly so.　1　 This happened to me in 2019.
My husband got a new job in Brunei.Three months' pregnancy meant that I had to make a choice:either stay with him in Brunei for several months before returning to India or remain in India alone.I chose the former.　2　
Brunei had never held any appeal for me.All the research from the Internet showed me nothing attractive other than one beautiful building.The flights in and out of the country were expensive.　3　 I was saddened by a sense of being trapped in a remote place.Needless to say,I reached Brunei in a bad mood.But then we were greeted by a large area of greenery.I was not a city girl but the greenery truly delighted me.
Although it took a week,I soon found myself interacting well with people around me.Fellow non-natives and locals all went out of their way to make me feel at home.　4　 We hiked,we joined the board game community,and we enjoyed the local food.Months later,when it was time for us to leave,I found myself unwilling to say goodbye to the warmth of the country.
My time in Brunei has taught me a valuable lesson:　5　 Sure,you may not always like what you see,but there will always be something that you will like.You just need to make an effort to find it!
A.Yet,somehow,I still felt a bit homesick.
B.The more comfortable I felt,the more we explored.
C.This meant traveling frequently out was not an option.
D.Not because I loved the country but because “we are family”.
E.Don't judge a place by what others say or a lack of information.
F.Sometimes,however,you cannot choose the place you travel to.
G.To have a good experience,they always select the destinations carefully.
A Para.1:website n.网站;Para.4:data n.数据;Para.5:policy n.政策
B Para.1:emerge v.浮现,出现;Para.2:generate v.产生,引起;landfill n.废物填埋地(或场); release v.释放;发布;possess v.拥有;Para.3:dot v.星罗棋布于stick v.粘贴;粘住; Para.4:significantly adv.有重大意义地;显著地;明显地;crucial adj.至关重要的,关键性的;essential adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;nutrient n.营养素;营养物;feedback n.反馈的意见(或信息); Para.5:productive adj.有效益的;富有成效的;生产的;(尤指)多产的
C Para.1:extraordinary adj.非凡的;Para.2:boiling adj.炽热的;swallow v.吞没; exceptionally adv.异常地;Para.3:possibility n.可能性;typically adv.通常地;remains n.遗体;遗骸; convincing adj.令人信服的;Para.4:assuming conj.假设;enormous adj.巨大的
熟 词 生 义 A Para.2:store　熟义:n.商店,店铺　生义:vt.(在计算机里)存储
B Para.1:lock　熟义:n.锁;生义:n.一绺(或一缕)头发
C Para.2:date　熟义:n.日期;生义:v.确定年代;注明日期;Para.3:chance　熟义:n.机会;生义:n.可能性
词 块 积 累 A Para.4:sign up for注册;provide the services提供服务;Para.5:click on点击
B Para.2:throw away扔掉
C Para.2:a flow of一股;be related to与……属于同一种类的;与……有关;Para.3:other than除了; point out指出;Para.4:serve as作为
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:We may use this information to contact you and provide the services you request from us. [分析]　并列连词and连接两个不定式短语to contact you和to provide the services...,定语从句you request from us修饰先行词services。 [译文]　我们可能会使用这些信息来联系您并提供您向我们请求的服务。
C Para.3:And Dr.Han and his colleagues point out that those mammals which eat dead bodies typically leave tooth marks all over the bones of the animals. [分析]　这是一个复合句。that引导从句作point out的宾语;关系代词which引导定语从句修饰先行词mammals。 [译文]　韩博士和他的同事们指出,那些吃死尸的哺乳动物通常会在动物的骨头上留下齿痕。
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 1
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了国家地理学会网站访问须知。
1.C　[细节理解题。根据Cookies部分的“if you do not accept cookies from us,your ability to use some areas of our site will be limited”可知,如果你不接受网站的网络标记,你使用网站某些区域的能力将受到限制,故选C项。]
2.D　[细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下的“If you click on or interact with a hyperlink...you have left our Services and are sending information to a different website or application.”可知,点击非国家地理学会服务的超链接会将信息发送到其他网站或应用程序,故选D项。]
3.B　[文章类型题。本文描述了国家地理学会网站如何收集和使用信息,以及点击非国家地理学会服务的超链接会发生什么。这些是人们访问网站时会出现的,所以本文与网站的使用有关,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要以Nanako Hama收到了陌生人寄来的头发这一场景引入话题——头发的神奇功能。它不仅可以清除海上泄漏的石油,还可以被当作肥料来用。
4.A　[写作手法题。根据第一段内容可知,Hama握着一个轻盈的信封,她小心地打开信封,几缕头发出现了。许多陌生人寄头发给她,希望头发能够被回收利用。由此可知,作者是通过描述一个场景来引出本文话题的,故选A项。]
5.D　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hama is part of the nonprofit...which are then used to clean up the floating oil.”可知,Hama所在的非营利组织使用机器把当地的理发店和个人捐赠的头发制成正方形的垫子,是为了清除(海上)漂浮的石油,故选D项。]
易错点拨　本题易错选B项,B项属于偷换概念。根据第二段的“including making mats(垫子) out of it for removing oil leaks in the ocean”和常识可知,头发编成的垫子是用来清除海里泄漏的石油的,并不能阻止石油泄漏,故排除。
6.D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Hair is particularly welled-suited for this...oil stick to it.”可知,头发特别适合清除漂浮的石油,这是因为头发粗糙的外层能够让石油黏附在其表面;再结合第四段中的“Besides,hair is also useful as...this essential nutrient.”可知,头发作为化肥也很有用,它的氮含量相对高,氮是对植物生长很重要的一种化学成分。所以可推断出是头发的结构和成分让人们对它有了创新性的使用方法,故选D项。]
7.B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Last year,more than...has been very encouraging.”可知,去年,由人类头发制作的560多加仑的液体化肥被出售给坦桑尼亚北部的农民,农民的反馈很鼓舞人心。由此可知,头发废物作为化肥是很有前景的,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了最近发现的一个化石表明,有时恐龙也会被哺乳动物猎杀。
8.B　[句意理解题。首先,根据画线句前的“That dinosaurs ate the mammals (哺乳动物) that ran beneath their feet is not in doubt.”可知,恐龙吃跑在它们脚下的哺乳动物是毫无疑问的;然后,根据画线词后面的第二段、第三段可知,最新发现的一个化石表明,在一场生死搏斗中,哺乳动物占了上风,并且小型动物攻击大型动物也并非没有。由此可知,有时情况会发生逆转,即公认的捕猎者反被猎捕。因此猜测,画线部分意为“捕猎者成为猎物”,故选B项。]
9.D　[写作意图题。根据第三段的“These days it is uncommon...no such marks.”推知,提出恐龙化石的骨骼上没有牙齿印是为了表明它很有可能是在活着时被小型哺乳动物猎杀的,故选D项。]
10.C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“More and more convincing fakes...makes that unlikely,too.”可知,骨骼之间复杂的连接性使得Dr.Han和他的同事们认为化石是真的,故选C项。]
11.C　[写作意图题。根据第一段“Now an extraordinary fossil...that sometimes the tables were turned.”以及最后一段“From nose to tail...that the mammal was winning.”推知,最后一段对化石的描述是为了证明第一段提到的研究结论的正确性,即恐龙有时会被哺乳动物猎杀,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过自己跟随丈夫前往文莱短暂生活的经历告诉人们,纵使旅行的目的地非你所选,那里也一定有你喜欢的东西,你只要努力寻找就能发现。
1.F　[本文为总分结构,在首段提出自己的观点。设空处位于段中。空前提到很多人认为旅行是一次不同寻常的经历,这是很自然的。空后提到作者在2019年的经历就是这样。再结合下文提到的作者的丈夫因工作要去文莱,而作者陪同前往可知,F项“然而有时你不能选择自己旅行的目的地”能够承接上文,并顺承下文内容,符合语境。]
2.D　[空前提到丈夫需要前往文莱工作,有三个月身孕的作者要做出选择:与丈夫一起前往文莱生活几个月然后返回印度或者独自待在印度。而作者选择了前者。第三段首句提到文莱对作者没有任何吸引力。由此可知,空处应承接上文,陈述作者做出这样的选择的原因、影响或者后果等。D项“不是因为我多喜欢这个国家,而是因为‘我们是一家人’”符合语境。]
3.C　[根据段落主旨句“Brunei had never held any appeal for me”可知,本段围绕文莱对作者没有任何吸引力展开。空前提到作者从网络上查到文莱这个国家除了一栋漂亮的建筑之外没什么吸引力,而且出入境的机票还很贵。空后提到一种被困在一个偏远地方的感觉让作者感到难过。由此可知,空处应还是在说文莱是个对作者没有吸引力的地方,且与自由出入有关。C项“这意味着频繁出去旅行不是一个选择”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前提到与作者有相同处境的非本地人和本地人都想尽办法让作者感到舒服自在。空后提到作者他们一起徒步旅行,加入棋盘游戏社团并享受当地的食物。由此可知,空处应能承上启下,既提到作者感到舒适,又能引出下文作者和他们一起进行的多样的活动。B项“我越是感到舒适,我们探索得就越多”符合语境。]
5.E　[最后一段是作者的感悟,起总结前文的作用。由整个语篇可知,作者在文莱的短暂生活经历使得她改变了对文莱刻板的消极印象,开始喜欢那儿的生活了。再结合空后提到的“你可能不会总是喜欢你见到的东西,但总会有让你喜欢的东西,只要努力寻找就能发现”可知,E项“不要通过别人的话或者在信息不足的情况下评判一个地方”符合语境。空后的内容解释了作者得出这一结论的原因。]选择性必修第三册　UNIT 2　Out of this world
分值:47.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共17.5分)
(2025·嘉兴高三模拟)
A One-woman Cinderella Show
Is Coming to Fairfield
A one-woman show that reimagines the classic fairytale Cinderella is coming to the Fairfield Community Arts Center.The Children's Theatre of Cincinnati will present Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots for one night only on Jan.26.The traveling show is for children ages 4 and up and promises “knee-slapping” comedic moments and heartwarming life lessons.
“I love children's theatre,” says Rosvic Siason,who plays Cinderella.“Kids are our future and we introduce them to these stories.We all have situations at one point in our life that look like this conversation.It just kind of helps you develop your brain and learn how to think as a developing person.It's really important to expose kids to theatre and well-rounded actors they can talk to for guidance.”
These one-man,one-woman shows have so much beauty because it is very raw.People actually follow along much easier than you think.It's easy to share a feeling.They will be expected to interact,deliver lines and repeat after Cinderella throughout the production.Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots will deliver a funny,meaningful twist on the classic fairytale that encourages audiences to expand their imagination.
“Using imagination helps kids to think of things in more ways than one,” Siason says.“It opens them up and makes them think,‘Hey,this is one way this could work.’Or,‘I could try this way,’and then see what happens.”
Visit fairfieldcity.org for tickets and more information.
1.What is Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots
A book. A theatre.
A performance. A lesson.
2.What does Siason think of stories in children's theatre
They can offer temporary amusement. They can help deal with life's challenges.
They can allow individuals to avoid reality. They can provide opportunities to make friends.
3.What might Siason encourage children to do
Stick to the rules. Dare to dream big.
Always follow the crowd. Think outside the box.
(2025·南京、盐城高三模拟二)“Anxiety”.The very word invites discomfort.Its effects—shortness of breath,a pounding heart,muscle tension—are outright upsetting.But,as a clinician,I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion.In and of itself,anxiety is not deadly,nor is it a disease.Quite the contrary,it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.Once we accept that it is a normal,though uncomfortable,part of life,we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard.By nature,a “good workout” is uncomfortable,since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience.Similarly,if you want to be emotionally stronger,you need to face some tension.For example,one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法),which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious,reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures.When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxiety,they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness.Also,as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches,when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g.,“I'm having a hard time right now and I really need your support”),it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time,we find ourselves at the end of our rope.Our responsibilities pile up,our resources break down,and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we're experiencing is called stress.Simply put,the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources,just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance.Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only lead to disastrous results.Medical treatment for stress may function for a while,but it tends to make things worse in the long run.The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
4.What does the author say about anxiety
It is an invitation to diseases. It indicates stable mental health.
It costs us many valuable chances. It is a natural emotional expression.
5.Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
To prove how exercise influences emotions.
To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
To show a positive connection between mind and body.
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
The key to closeness is partners' support. Sharing anxiety improves relationships.
Humans are defined by their social nature. Expressing feelings keeps us off anxiety.
7.According to the last paragraph,how can we deal with stress
Devote more energy to our work.
Increase resources available to us.
Seek professional medical treatment.
Master advanced mathematical skills.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·沧州高三模拟)Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.Then he 　1　 it piece by piece,and put it back together again all by himself.He was 16.All he 　2　 was a Chilton's shop manual for the car,his own curiosity,and a strong desire to 　3　 how things worked.
Later,I asked him about this 　4　 and how he made it.His answer was 　5　—he just did it.He wanted a new car and couldn't afford to buy another one,so this was really his only 　6　.He had nothing to lose and was highly 　7　 to make the engine work.He 　8　 with it,paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes,and reached points where he wasn't 　9　 what to do next.When that happened,he asked a friend or a friend's dad for 　10　,tried this and tried that,until he finished the work.To me it was a(n) 　11　 achievement.
Our 　12　 to do hard things increases when we try doing those hard things.It is 　13　 limited by our own will and imagination.We learn by trying,by making mistakes,and by 　14　 help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do.
Never 　15　 trying new things.The more one does,the more one can do.
1.discovered rebuilt
donated reserved
2.detected preferred
occupied had
3.figure out give away
bring up rule out
4.property campaign
guide project
5.correct serious
simple funny
6.luck option
requirement relaxation
7.expected forced
convinced motivated
8.communicated competed
experimented disagreed
9.sure afraid
curious satisfied
10.permission courage
advice reward
11.amazing common
confusing strange
12.anxiety capacity
income impatience
13.rarely necessarily
originally mostly
14.seeking offering
affording avoiding
15.admit stop
fancy keep
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·山西名校高三模拟)People worldwide have enjoyed noodles for thousands of years.But did you ever stop 1.　　　　　　　　　 (think):who made the very first noodle People first started 2.　　　　　　　　　 (grow) wheat and making flour in the Middle East around 10,000 years ago.However,until 2002,no evidence of ancient noodles had been uncovered.Archaeologists discovered an upside-down clay bowl in the 3.　　　　　　　　　 (ruin) of an ancient Chinese village.When they lifted it,they found a 4,000-year-old noodle.This “mummy” noodle 4.　　　　　　　　　 (make) from grain.Traders brought wheat 5.　　　　　　　　　 China about the time this ancient noodle was cooked.The Chinese 6.　　　　　　　　　 (eventual) mastered the art of stretching wheat dough (面团) into long noodles.
Some people claim that Marco Polo brought pasta (意粉) to Italy.The tale of his discovery was likely enhanced to promote pasta consumption in America.Marco Polo's writings suggest that noodles were already present in Italy during his time,as he compared Chinese noodles to 7. 　
(that) in Italy.The Middle East also played a 8.　　　　　　　　　 (significance) role in noodle history.The oldest written mention of pasta outside China dates back about 1,600 years in the Middle East.Dried noodles were a popular travel food in the region and beyond,making them a likely prospect for spreading the noodle recipe to other parts of 9.　　　　　　　　　 world.
So who REALLY invented noodles We may never know—the history of noodles is as complicated as a bowl of pasta.But 10.　　　　　　　　　 invented them,we're sure glad they did!
A Para.1:classic adj.经典的;knee-slapping adj.令人大笑的;heartwarming adj.暖心的; Para.2:well-rounded adj.全面发展的;guidance n.指导;Para.3:interact v.互动
B Para.1:clinician n.临床医师;contrary adj.与之相异的;相对立的,相反的; Para.2:similarly adv.相似地;类似地;差不多地;encounter v.遭遇,遇到(尤指令人不快或困难的事); Para.4:outweigh v.重于;大于;超过
A Para.1:present　熟义:n.礼物;生义:v.呈现;展示
B Para.1:invite　熟义:v.邀请;请求;生义:v.招致(尤指坏事)
词 块 积 累 A Para.3:deliver lines讲台词;repeat after跟读;Para.4:more ways than one不止一种方式
B Para.1:miss out on错失;Para.4:out of balance失去平衡;in the long run从长远来看
长 难 句 式 A Para.2:We all have situations at one point in our life that look like this conversation. [分析]　这是一个复合句。主句为“主谓宾”结构;定语从句that look like this conversation修饰先行词situations。 [译文]　我们都会在人生的某个时刻遇到类似这种对话的情况。
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 2
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了一个即将在费尔菲尔德社区艺术中心上演的《灰姑娘》改编剧目。
1.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“The Children's Theatre of Cincinnati ...on Jan.26.”可知,Cinderella Wore Cowboy Boots是一场表演,故选C项。]
2.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It just kind of helps you develop...well-rounded actors they can talk to for guidance.”和第四段内容可以推测出,Siason认为儿童戏剧中的故事可以帮助应对生活中的挑战,故选B项。]
3.D　[推断判断题。根据第四段可知,Siason认为运用想象力可以帮助孩子以不止一种方式思考事物,因此她可能会鼓励孩子们跳出思维定势,以多种角度思考问题,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了对焦虑的正确认识应是什么,并讲述了缓解压力的方法,如表达焦虑和增加可用资源等。
4.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In and of itself...it is an indicator of brain and sensory health.”可知,焦虑本身并不是致命的,也不是一种疾病。恰恰相反,它是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。由此可知,作者认为焦虑是人类的一种自然的情感表达,故选D项。]
5.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By nature,a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable...you need to face some tension.”可知,作者认为“良好的锻炼”本质上是不舒服的,因为激发我们身体的潜能、达到运动最佳值总是富有挑战。与此相似的是,若想在情感上更强大就需要经历一些紧张(训练)。由此可知,作者提到良好的“锻炼”,是为了解释焦虑是如何增强情感的力量的,故选C项。]
6.B　[段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了作者的病人在学着向伴侣表达焦虑时,他们几乎总会获得更大程度上的情感上的亲近;再根据人际关系专家Sue Johnson所教可推知,第三段主要讲述了分享焦虑能够改善关系,故选B项。]
7.B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put,the demands...a set of scales(天平) going out of balance.”可知,简而言之,压力就是我们面临的需求超过了可用的资源,导致失去平衡。再结合该段中的“The only solution to deal...to balance the scales.”可推知,处理压力时,我们可以增加可用的资源来实现平衡,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从弟弟身上学到的一个人生道理:我们做的事情越多,我们能做的事情就越多。永远不要停止尝试新事物。
1.B　[句意:然后他一块一块地把它重新安在一起,又一个人把它重新组装起来。discover发现;rebuild组装,重建;donate捐赠;reserve预订。根据上文“Last year,my younger brother Darrin tore the old engine out of his Dodge Challenger.(去年,我弟弟达林把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎给拆了)”可知,弟弟把玩具拆了,然后又组装了起来,故选B项。]
2.D　[句意:他所拥有的只有一本奇尔顿的汽车使用手册,他自己的好奇心,以及想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的强烈愿望。detect检测;prefer偏爱;occupy占据;have有。根据后文“was a Chilton's shop manual for the car”可知,此处是指弟弟所拥有的关于组装的东西只有一本手册,故选D项。]
3.A　[句意同上。figure out弄清楚;give away赠送;bring up抚养;rule out消除。根据上文“his own curiosity,and a strong desire to”可知,弟弟好奇心强,因此想弄清楚汽车是如何工作的,故选A项。]
4.D　[句意:后来,我问他关于这个项目的问题以及他是如何做到的。property财产;campaign运动;guide指导;project项目。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上一段描述可知,此处指弟弟把他的道奇挑战者的旧引擎拆掉然后重组这件事,故选D项。]
5.C　[句意:他的回答很简单——他就这么做了。correct正确的;serious严肃的;simple简单的;funny有趣的。根据上文“I asked him”以及下文“he just did it”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他的答案很简单”,故选C项。]
6.B　[句意:他想要一辆新车,又买不起另一辆,所以这是他唯一的选择。luck运气;option选择;requirement要求;relaxation放松。根据上文“He wanted a new car and couldn't afford to buy another one”可知,此处是指“这是他唯一的选择”,故选B项。]
7.D　[句意:他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作。expect期待;force迫使;convince说服;motivate激励。根据上文“He had nothing to lose and was highly”及所给单词可知,此处是指“他没有什么可失去的,并且非常积极地让引擎工作”,短语be motivated to do sth意为“有动力做某事”,故选D项。]
8.C　[句意:他对它进行了实验,密切关注如何将其拆开,犯了很多错误,并达到了他不确定下一步该怎么做的地步。communicate交流;compete比赛;experiment实验;disagree不同意。根据后文“paid close attention to how he took it apart,made a lot of mistakes”可知,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时,是进行了一番尝试和试验的,故选C项。]
9.A　[句意同上。sure确信的;afraid害怕的;curious好奇的;satisfied满足的。根据后文“what to do next”以及弟弟犯了很多错误,可知此处是指他不确定下一步该怎么做,故选A项。]
10.C　[句意:当这种情况发生时,他向朋友或朋友的父亲征求意见,试了这个,试了那个,直到他完成了工作。permission允许;courage勇气;advice建议;reward奖励。根据上文“what to do next”可知,弟弟不知道该怎么办,因此此处应是指他向朋友或者朋友的父亲寻求建议,故选C项。]
11.A　[句意:对我来说,这是一项了不起的成就。amazing惊人的;common共同的;confusing令人困惑的;strange奇怪的。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,根据上文可知弟弟只有一本手册,凭借实验和求助他人完成了组装,因此于作者而言,这是一项了不起的成就,故选A项。]
12.B　[句意:当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强。anxiety焦虑;capacity能力;income收入;impatience不耐烦。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”以及上文弟弟组装玩具的故事可知,当我们尝试做这些困难的事情时,我们做这些困难事情的能力就会增强,故选B项。]
13.D　[句意:它主要受限于我们自己的意志和想象力。rarely很少;necessarily必定;originally起初;mostly多半。该题属于“大思维跨越”题,上文提到,作者的弟弟在拆装汽车时非常有意志力和求知欲。本句从反面强调,能否完成艰苦的工作,主要受限于我们的意志力和想象力,故选D项。]
14.A　[句意:我们从尝试中学习,从犯错误中学习,从那些比我们懂得多一点的人那里寻求帮助。seek寻找;offer提供;afford买得起;avoid避免。根据下文“help from those who know more sometimes just a little more than we do”可知,seeking符合语境,意为“向知道得更多的人寻求帮助”,故选A项。]
15.B　[句意:永远不要停止尝试新事物。admit承认;stop停止;fancy喜爱;keep保持。根据后文“The more one does,the more one can do.”可知,作者认为永远不要停止尝试新事物,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了面条发展的相关历史。
1.to think　[考查非谓语动词。句意:但你有没有停下来想过:是谁做了第一份面条 分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据“stop to do sth”意为“停下来去干某事”可知,此处应为动词不定式形式作宾语,故填to think。]
2.growing　[考查非谓语动词。句意:大约一万年前,中东地区的人们开始种植小麦以及制作面粉。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作宾语,根据并列连词and前后动词形式应该一致可知,and后为动词-ing形式,所以and前也应为动词-ing形式,故填growing。]
3.ruins　[考查名词的数。句意:考古学家在一个中国古村落的废墟中发现了一个倒置的陶碗。分析句子结构可知,此处应为名词作宾语,ruin为可数名词,结合句意可知,此处表示“废墟”,所以应使用ruin的复数形式,故填ruins。]
4.was made　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这种“木乃伊”面条是由谷物制成的。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据上文可知,此处描述的事情发生在过去,且make与句子主语This “mummy” noodle之间为被动关系,因此,此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态,且句子主语为名词单数形式,故填was made。]
5.to　[考查介词。句意:大约在煮制这种古老的面条的时候,商人们把小麦带到了中国。分析句子结构可知,此处应为固定短语“bring...to...”,该短语意为“把……带到……”,符合句意,故填to。]
6.eventually　[考查词性转换。句意:中国人最终掌握了将小麦面团拉成长面的技艺。分析句子结构可知,此处应为副词作状语修饰谓语动词mastered,故填eventually。]
7.those　[考查代词。句意:马可·波罗将中国的面条与意大利的面条进行了比较,他的著作表明面条在他那个时代就已经出现在意大利了。分析句子结构可知,此处应为代词作宾语,结合句意可知,此处指代前文的noodles,所以此处应为that的复数形式,故填those。]
8.significant　[考查词性转换。句意:中东在面条历史上也发挥了重要作用。分析句子结构可知,此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词role,故填significant。]
9.the　[考查冠词。句意:干面在该地区及其他地区是一种受欢迎的旅行食品,这使得他们有可能将面条配方传播到世界的其他地方。分析句子结构可知,world为可数名词,其前无限定词,所以此处应该用冠词,结合句意可知,此处表示特指,所以使用定冠词,故填the。]
10.whoever　[考查状语从句。句意:但无论是谁发明了它们,我们都很高兴他们做到了!分析句子结构可知,此处应为连词引导状语从句,结合句意可知,此处为连词引导的让步状语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“不论是谁”,所以使用连词whoever或者是no matter who,因无提示词只能填一个词,故填whoever。]选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　Back to the past
分值:42.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2025·东北三省四城市高三联考)German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of a genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Einsteinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity—Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn—offer an original and penetrating (精辟的) analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever,by setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception about Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who created modern physics single-handedly and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated (认真阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
1.What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein
Opposing. Favorable.
Ambiguous. Indifferent.
2.What does the underlined phrase “from scratch” probably mean
From nothing. Up to a certain standard.
By learning from others. With previous knowledge.
3.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists
Their ideas were rejected by Einstein.
Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein.
Their research contributed to Einstein's success.
Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect.
4.Where is the text most probably taken from
A guidebook to a course. An introduction to a book.
An essay on Albert Einstein. A review of physics development.
(2025·郑州高三质量预测二)You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken,you hate me.At least that's how it feels on my end of the call as a female collections officer at a call center.
I dread the moment when I have to log on to our phone system—first thing in the morning—because I never know who is going to be on the other end of that call.
Sometimes it's an easy task.The caller is pleasant and has accepted personal responsibility for their debts,and we get through the phone call with ease.Then there are the ones who call in looking for a fight,or looking for someone to blame.Through the luck of the phone system,that person is me.
I've had people who shout at me,call me horrible names,accuse me personally of taking their money and threaten me.Why I think it's because I am invisible.I think I would be treated with the same level of disrespect if we were face to face.Fortunately for me,I have had years of experience in customer service,so I'm fairly rich in not letting the negative encounters bother me.
The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy (同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.That's why I'm good at my job—I understand what you're going through,and I'm here to help.
Some days though,no matter how much I try to leave the stress behind when I hang up the phone,it stays with me.I may do some deep breathing,go for a quick walk or simply stick my head outside for a burst of fresh air.I do this so I don't carry that negativity on to my next call.That next call may be a person having the worst day of their life,but I don't want to ever be the one who makes it worse.We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.
5.What does the underlined word “dread” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
Enjoy. Fear.
Expect. Avoid.
6.Why does the author think some callers treat her badly
They get angry too easily. They blame her for their debts.
They do not see her as a real person. They accuse her of taking their money.
7.Why does the author think she is good at her job
She can offer callers best advice. She is always respected by callers.
She can put herself in others' shoes. She isn't easily influenced by negativity.
8.What is the author's main purpose in writing this text
To call for understanding of her job. To explain why she is good at her job.
To introduce what she is responsible for. To complain about her being treated badly.
(2025·济南高三模拟)Like many people over the past few years,I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature.I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting.My consumption of new books has doubled as a result—but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel,both at the University of Chicago,and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing.According to this view,we have two ways of assessing information.System 1 is intuitive (直觉的),relying on natural ability and feeling.It is quick,but likely exposed to misinformation.System 2 is analytical,involving the use of logic reasoning.It is mentally demanding.When it is engaged,we think through the material step by step.
For decades,psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using.Imagine you're helping prepare for a small dinner party and are tasked with arranging the dining settings for seven guests.Instinctively,you lay out seven complete sets of cutlery (餐具).However,your friend mentions that among the guests is a very young child,leading you to rethink your initial set-up.Realizing the child won't need a standard set of cutlery as the adult,you opt to replace it with a child-friendly spoon.That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel's brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form—seeing vs.hearing—of the information would make a difference.They found that it did:when answering these kinds of simple questions,participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud,rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study.For this reason,I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears.But I won't stop listening to novels.I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
9.What does the author think of listening to audiobooks
It is economical. It is demanding.
It is time-consuming. It is relaxing.
10.Which of the following best describes System 2 model
Fairly reliable. Fully automatic.
Question-centered. Emotion-involved.
11.Why is the dining setting task mentioned in Paragraph 3
To present a fact. To illustrate a view.
To introduce a topic. To draw a conclusion.
12.What does the author intend to tell us
Listening to books comes at a price. Reading non-fiction books benefits.
Critical thinking is a must in reading. Ways of processing information differ.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·开封高三模拟)Taking care of your emotional health is as important as taking care of your physical body.If your emotional health is out of balance,you may experience high blood pressure,ulcers (溃疡),chest pain,or a host of other physical symptoms.When you feel good about yourself,it's much easier to cope with life's little ups and downs as well as bigger events,such as divorce or a death.
　1　.These strategies will help you stay resilient (恢复力强的) through everyday stresses and when larger personal issues arise.
·Grow your circle of friends to expand your support system.
“It's very important that you have a support group of friends and family,” Dr.Gardere says.“　2　—people who will listen to you when you need to get things off your chest—so that you know you're not alone in whatever they are.”
　　·　3　.
You can eat what you want and enjoy it as long as you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise.Maintaining a healthy weight is important for your physical and emotional health.Besides,you can try some kinds of activities to relieve stress,like meditating or practicing yoga.　4　.Other stress-reducing techniques include deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation.If you're unsure of how to get started,take a class and learn how to practice on your own for 30 minutes,three times a week.
·Learn to say no and refrain from overextending yourself.
If you try to do more than you can handle,you will only end up frustrated and stressed out.There are times when someone asks you to do something you absolutely can't do.　5　.
A.Form the habit of exercising regularly
B.Cultivate a healthy and moderate lifestyle
C.In this case,say no and explain why kindly but firmly
D.These types of activities are effective for stress management
E.You need people whom you can talk to about your problems
F.If your emotional problems are serious,see a mental health professional and get help
G.Here are three ways you can practice better stress management and boost your self-esteem
A Para.1:genius n.天才;Para.2:misconception n.错误认识;误解;unconventional adj.不因循守旧的;不因袭的;新奇的;single-handedly adv.单独地;Para.3:pioneer n.先锋;先驱;带头人; Para.4:highlight v.突出;强调;substantial adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的; Para.5:thought-provoking adj.发人深省的;引人深思的;scholarly adj.学术的;学术性的
B Para.4:accuse v.控告,指责;disrespect n.不尊敬,失礼,无礼;fairly adv.一定地,相当地
A Para.3:argue　熟义:vt.争论;生义:vt.主张
B Para.6:stick　熟义:n.枝条,枯枝v.刺穿,扎入,插入;粘,贴(某物);生义:v.把……放(某处)
词 块 积 累 A Para.5:take...into account把……考虑进去
B Para.2:log on登录,注册,进入
长 难 句 式 A Para.4:When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated the theory of relativity. [分析]　that引导宾语从句,从句为含蓄虚拟语气,表对过去的虚拟。 [译文]　当爱因斯坦认为自己站在了他们肩膀上时,他的意思是如果没有他们的贡献,他就不可能认真阐述出相对论。
B Para.5:I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there. [分析]　which引导定语从句,修饰先行词situation;because引导原因状语从句。 [译文]　我能理解来电者所处的境地,因为我也经历过。
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是书评。文章主要介绍了一本名为《爱因斯坦革命》的书,书中两位专家对爱因斯坦所取得的辉煌成就进行了另外一种诠释——爱因斯坦所取得的成就离不开先驱者们的研究成果。
1.A　[观点态度题。根据第二段内容可知,这两个专家通过首次将爱因斯坦的作品置于科学知识进化的漫长的历程中,发现对于爱因斯坦大家都有一个普遍误解,大家都误以为爱因斯坦单独地、完全靠着个人的想法创造了现代物理学。由此可推知,这两个专家对关于爱因斯坦的流行观点持否定态度,故选A项。]
2.A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,这本书有很大一部分解释了爱因斯坦认为科学的进步是通过稳定的发展,而不是对过去的革命性的突破。他认为他的相对论不是横空出世的,而是一批先驱者研发的经典物理学的自然延伸,故选A项。]
3.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,爱因斯坦认为自己的相对论不是横空出世的,而是十六世纪和十七世纪意大利天文学家伽利略和英国物理学家牛顿等先驱以及十九世纪物理学家研发的经典物理学的自然延伸。所以作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了说明爱因斯坦的成功受益于他们的研究成果,故选C项。]
4.B　[文章出处题。根据全文尤其是第四段中的“The authors highlight...The book also includes”和第五段中的“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike.”可知,本文主要为读者介绍了The Einsteinian Revolution这本书,所以本文最有可能摘自图书导语,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者作为呼叫中心催收员不被人尊重、常受人憎恶的经历和感悟。尽管作者也能换位思考、理解客户,但还是希望自己能够得到平等的对待和尊重。
5.B　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“You hate me.You don't even know me and you hate me.Before we've even spoken,you hate me.”可知,作者作为呼叫中心的催收员,在与客户的交往中,总是受到厌恶甚至憎恨,所以当作者每天登录电话系统时,她都会感到害怕,故选B项。]
6.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it's because I am invisible.”可知,作者认为自己没有得到尊重是因为她在电话的另一端,仿佛是一个隐形人,即不真实存在的人,故选C项。]
7.C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest and most effective skill when it comes to the job is empathy(同理心).I can appreciate the situation which the caller is in because I've been there.”可知,作者认为自己能够做好这份工作的原因是自己有同理心,能够理解打电话的人所处的境地,也就是说,作者能够换位思考,故选C项。]
8.A　[写作意图题。本文第一、二段讲到了作者在工作中遇到的不受尊重的场景;第三段讲述作者在工作中遇到的形形色色的人;第四、五段作者分析了原因并讲到了自己能够应付的关键技能;再结合最后一段中的“We are all humans just trying to get by in life,which makes you and me equal.So please,the next time we talk,remember that.”可以推断出,作者写这篇文章是为了呼吁人们尊重和理解她的工作,故选A项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要围绕着作者使用有声书作为阅读方式的经历和体验展开,并结合一项关于信息处理方式的研究探讨了有声书可能对阅读理解产生的影响。
9.D　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“I find it far more comfortable to...new books has doubled as a result”可知,作者认为听有声书是一种“用耳朵阅读”的舒适的方式,同时还提到了通过听书,作者能在眼睛休息的同时享受文学作品。所以对作者来说,听有声书是一种放松和愉悦的活动,故选D项。]
10.A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“System 2 is analytical...we think through the material step by step.”可知,系统2是分析性的,涉及逻辑推理的使用。它需要动脑筋,这时我们会逐步思考材料。由此可推知,System 2涉及逻辑推理和逐步考虑,因此这种方式在处理信息时通常更为准确和可靠,故选A项。]
11.B　[推理判断题。第三段摆餐桌的例子说的是,人们在面对看似简单的问题时首先依靠直觉快速做出反应(摆放七套餐具),然后在获得额外信息(其中一位客人是儿童)后,会切换到分析处理模式(将其中一套更换为对儿童友好的餐具)。再结合作者在介绍这一例子之前提到人们有两种信息处理方式——直觉的系统1和分析的系统2,可推知这个例子是用来解释说明这一观点的,故选B项。]
12.A　[写作意图题。根据第一段中的“but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension”和最后一段中的“A great reliance on our feelings...that needs logical study.”可知,本文作者通过引用研究,提示读者虽然听书能够为生活带来便利和享受,但可能会以牺牲深度理解和分析能力为代价,故选A项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了保持情绪健康的几种方法。
1.G　[上文提到情绪健康和身体健康同等重要。空后提到“这些策略将帮助你在日常压力和更大的个人问题出现时迅速恢复”,故G项“以下是三种可以帮助你更好地管理压力并提升自尊的方法”符合语境。G项中的three ways与空后的These strategies构成词汇上的衔接关系,故选G项。]
2.E　[空后的破折号说明空后内容是对空处的解释说明。空后提到“当你需要倾诉心事时,会听你倾诉的人”,因此空处内容也应涉及类似的这些人,E项中的“people whom you can talk to about your problems”与此相呼应,故选E项。]
3.B　[空处是段落主旨句。根据其他小标题的特征可知,空处也应该是祈使句。再结合下文的“you eat smaller portions and get regular exercise”(你吃得少一点,经常锻炼)、“Maintaining a healthy weight”(保持健康的体重)以及“try some kinds of activities to relieve stress”(尝试一些活动来缓解压力)可知,B项“养成健康合理的生活方式”最能概括本段的内容,故选B项。]
4.D　[空前讲“此外你可以尝试一些活动来缓解压力,比如冥想或练习瑜伽”,空后又提到了其他减压技巧,故空处应该讲冥想或练习瑜伽等活动对缓解压力有好处。D项“这些类型的活动对压力管理是有效的”符合语境。D项中的“These types of activities”与空前的“some kinds of activities to relieve stress”相呼应,故选D项。]
5.C　[本段主要建议学会说不,避免让自己太劳累。空前讲有时候,有人会要求你做一些你绝对不能做的事情,因此空处应讲面对这种情况,你该如何做。C项“在这种情况下,说‘不’并友好但坚定地解释原因”符合语境,故选C项。]选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4　Protecting our heritage sites
分值:50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·重庆名校联盟高三联考一)One of the world's oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan as the country battles the worst floods in its history.
Moenjodaro,a World Heritage site in the Indus River 510 kilometers (316 miles) from Karachi,was built in the Bronze Age,some 5,000 years ago.“Unfortunately we witnessed the mass destruction at the site,” reads a letter from the Culture,Tourism,Antiquities & Archives Department Government of Sindh sent to UNESCO and signed by director Ihsan Ali Abbasi and architect Naveed Ahmed Sangah.The letter adds the site was being used as temporary accommodation for surrounding residents whose own homes had flooded.
Moenjodaro's significance can't be underestimated.When it was added to UNESCO's register in 1980,the organization wrote that Moenjodaro “bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,” comprising “the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent”.
The letter explains some of the immediate actions the site team has taken to mitigate the flood damage,like bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork.But it's clear that these measures will not be enough.
Abbasi and Sangah ended their letter by asking for 100 million Pakistani rupees ($45million) to cover the costs of full repairs.UNESCO has responded to the request for help,allocating $350,000 from its emergency fund for damaged historic sites in Pakistan during UN Secretary General António Guterres's visit to the flood-stricken country this week.
The funds will go to Moenjodaro and other sites including the Amri Museum.While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites,it will pay for urgent work while UNESCO and the local organization consider the best way forward.Sadly,the conservators of Moenjodaro have known for some time that flooding could bring a serious risk to the site.
In their letter,Abbasi and Sangah express concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger,which the preservation body updates periodically to highlight historic places that are at severe risk of ruin.
1.What makes Moenjodaro special to Pakistan
The geographic feature it bears.
The role it played in fighting floods.
The mass destruction it suffered in history.
The value it holds in history and architecture.
2.What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
Reduce. Suffer.
Avoid. Assess.
3.Which best describes the situation of the repair work made so far
Creative. Worrying.
Impractical. Satisfactory.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text
Pakistan's Deadly Floods Causing Widespread Damage
Moenjodaro Calling for Attention to Its Severe Damage
Moenjodaro Added to the List of UNESCO Sites in Danger
Pakistan's UNESCO Site Moenjodaro Badly Damaged by Flooding
(2025·保定高三模拟)At every wedding I attended this past year,the event space has been decorated with family portraits—black-and-white photos of grandparents,parents in 1970s hairstyles and family heirlooms (传家宝) passed down from generations.
As a child,I used to cry when looking at those reminders.When my husband suggested making a slideshow of our family photos for our wedding,I realized we barely had any.It was at that time that I understood just why these kinds of items inspired so many complicated feelings.
My grandparents immigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s.During the Cuban Revolution,their business and home were shut down.The family came to the United States in 1968,leaving everything but a few pieces of clothing behind.My grandparents and mother responded to the pain they had experienced by holding on to things.
Today,when my mother comes to visit,she still brings bags full of useful items even if we have plenty of food.A full cupboard or a house stocked with usable objects is the ultimate expression of love.
Like many who are privileged (幸运的) enough not to have to worry about having basic things,I tended to admire the opposite—the empty spaces of yoga studios,the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon.
Now that my brother and I have come of age,my parents have both expressed a desire to downsize our possessions.I went through the things that mattered most to me:the books I loved as a child;the CDs made by friends;the college textbooks I never remembered to return.They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them.But I didn't want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be.
5.When did the author realize the meaning of family old items
When she was attending a friend's wedding.
When she was preparing for her own wedding.
When her family came to the United States in 1968.
When her mother came to visit,bringing bags full of useful items.
6.What does the author want to show us by sharing her grandparents' story
In the old days,the elders suffered a lot.
The Cuban Revolution brought people much pain.
Some old items represent one's precious memories.
The young should treasure today's happy life.
7.Why didn't the author want to give up her previous objects
They were the symbols of love. They gave her a sense of identity.
They reminded her of the old days. They were no longer available anywhere.
8.What can we infer from this text
Lost time won't return any longer. A picture is worth a thousand words.
Some sort of stuff is worth keeping. It's never too late to make a change.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·秦皇岛高三模拟)What we believe we can become is often shaped by the world we see around us.This is especially true for young children who 　1　 becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders.And it's one of the reasons why representation matters so much.For Asian American 　2　 and Ph.D.candidate Elaine Shen,she had never 　3　 herself to be an inspiration for future generations.That is until she received a(n) 　4　 email from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　5　.
“I'm working on my big year-end project,” the heartwarming message 　6　,“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　7　 you.”
Needless to say,Shen was immediately 　8　 by the email—so much so that she shared a screenshot of the child's inspiring message on the Internet.The post 　9　 became popular,gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　10　 since she first shared it.
Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are 　11　 to achieve as much as you have done,” said one reader.Other readers were 　12　 of their own experiences with young children growing up.“Representation matters,and it is 　13　 the third-grader found his role model.”
Now that the story has touched thousands,Shen has a renewed motivation to 　14　 her Ph.D.and continue creating an environment of 　15　 for students within her field.
1.stuck to kept on
gave up dreamed of
2.biologist chemist
physicist artist
3.expressed named
compared considered
4.urgent long
unexpected common
5.project performance
discussion speech
6.informs reads
writes asks
7.quote find
follow interview
8.touched confused
frightened surprised
9.frequently immediately
exactly eventually
10.questions comments
posts calls
11.bothered requested
inspired ordered
12.accused suspected
warned reminded
13.awesome urgent
impossible depressing
14.quit advocate
complete use
petition support
injustice privacy
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·重庆高三联考)In this book,A View from the Zoo,Gary Richmond describes how a newborn giraffe (长颈鹿) learns its 1.　　　　　　　　　 (one) lesson.
When a baby falls to the ground,the mother waits for about a minute,and then kicks her baby.When the baby doesn't get up,the violent process 2.　　　　　　　　　 (repeat) again and again until the baby giraffe stands 3.　　　　　　　　　 its shaky legs.Then the mother kicks it off its feet again.Why She wants it to remember how it gets up.In the wild,baby giraffes,4. 　
are easy victims of enemies,must be able to get up as quickly as possible to stay with the group for 5.　　　　　　　　　 (survive).
The late Irving Stone 6.　　　　　　　　　 (understand) this too.He spent a lifetime studying greatness as well as 7.　　　　　　　　　 (write) biographies of such men as Michelangelo,Vincent van Gogh,Sigmund Freud,and Charles Darwin.Once 8.　　　　　　　　　 (ask) if he had found a thread that ran through the lives of all these 9.　　　　　　　　　 (excellence) people,he said,“If they have a dream of something to be accomplished,they then go to work.”
“They are beaten over the head,and knocked down.For years,they get nowhere.But every time they're knocked down they stand up.And at the end of their lives they've accomplished some modest parts of 10.　　　　　　　　　 they set out to do.”
A Para.3:comprise v.包括,包含;构成,组成;Para.5:allocate v.拔……(给);划……(归);分配……(给)
B Para.1:space n.空间;portrait n.肖像;Para.2:slideshow n.幻灯片;Para.3:immigrate v.移民; Para.4:item n.物品;Para.5:privileged adj.幸运的
A Para.1:battle　熟义:n.战役;战斗;搏斗;生义:v.(与……)斗争
B Para.4:ultimate　熟义:adj.最终的;生义:adj.最完美的
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:worst floods in its history历史上最严重的洪水;Para.2:temporary accommodation临时住宿; Para.3:exceptional testimony重要证明;Para.4:immediate actions及时行动; Para.5:cover the costs支付费用;Para.6:urgent work紧急工作;Para.7:historic places历史遗址
B Para.1:pass down世代流传;Para.2:used to过去常常;Para.3:shut down关闭;leave behind留下; Para.6:go through仔细察看;检查;say goodbye to与……告别
长 难 句 式 B Para.6:But I didn't want to give any of them up because they filled with memories of a person I once was,and a person that part of me always will be. [分析]　这是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句,定语从句I once was和that part of me always will be分别修饰a person。 [译文]　但我不想放弃其中任何一个,因为它们充满了我曾经的回忆,也永远会是我的一部分。
选择性必修第三册　UNIT 4
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。文章主要报道了受巴基斯坦暴雨的影响,摩亨佐·达罗严重受损,Ihsan Ali Abbasi和Naveed Ahmed Sangah写信向联合国教科文组织求助,最终获得修复资金和联合国的关注。
1.D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中联合国教科文组织对摩亨佐·达罗的评价“Moenjodaro ‘bears exceptional testimony(证明) to the Indus civilization,’comprising ‘the most ancient planned city on the Indian subcontinent’”可知,摩亨佐·达罗是“印度河文明杰出的证明”,其中包括“印度次大陆上最古老的规划城市”。由此可见,其在历史和建筑方面的意义重大,故选D项。]
2.A　[词义猜测题。解题时,可先将画线词所在的定语从句补全为“the site team has taken actions to...brickwork”。根据下文举例提到的举措“bringing in water pumps and repairing brickwork”并结合生活常识可知,引进抽水机和修补砖墙是为了减轻洪水带来的损害,故选A项。]
3.B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“While the sum is far less than needed to fully repair the sites”和“flooding could bring a serious risk to the site”以及最后一段中的“concern that Moenjodaro could be added to the list of UNESCO sites in danger”可知,资金不足、洪水严重等情况让Abbasi和Sangah担忧摩亨佐·达罗会被列入濒危世界遗产名录。由此可知,目前的修补工作局面令人担忧,故选B项。]
4.D　[标题归纳题。新闻报道的主题一般在文章的开头。根据第一段中的“One of the world's oldest preserved human settlements has been significantly damaged by pouring rain in Pakistan”可知,本文主要介绍了巴基斯坦的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地摩亨佐·达罗被洪水严重破坏,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在准备婚礼时回顾过往,意识到家庭旧物对个人人生乃至整个家族的意义。
5.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“When my husband suggested...so many complicated feelings.”可知,作者在准备自己的婚礼时意识到了家庭旧物的意义,故选B项。]
6.C　[写作意图题。根据第三段最后一句“My grandparents and mother...by holding on to things.”可知,作者想通过分享她祖父母的故事向我们表明一些旧物品代表着一个人珍贵的回忆,故选C项。]
7.B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“But I didn't want...part of me always will be.”可知,作者不想放弃以前的东西是因为它们给了她一种认同感,故选B项。]
8.C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句可推断出:有些东西是值得保存的,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了生物学家Elaine Shen意外收到一封电子邮件,让她意识到榜样对他人及自身的双向激励力量。
1.D　[句意:这对于那些梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的孩子来说,尤为如此。stick to坚持;keep on继续;give up放弃;dream of梦想。根据空后“becoming everything from astronauts to future world leaders”可知,这些年轻孩子是梦想着成为从宇航员到未来的世界领袖等角色的,故选D项。]
2.A　[句意:对于亚裔美国生物学家和博士候选人Elaine Shen来说,她从没想过自己能激励后代。biologist生物学家;chemist化学家;physicist物理学家;artist艺术家。根据第二段的提示“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.”可知,后文提到有个三年级的学生很喜欢生物,在网上查询到了Shen的网站,故可推知Elaine Shen是一个生物学家,故选A项。]
3.D　[句意同上。express表达;name称之为(熟词生义);compare比较;consider认为。根据空后“herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,此处指她不认为自己能成为激励后代的人,“consider oneself to be”(认为自己是)为固定搭配,故选D项。]
4.C　[句意:直到她意外收到了一封来自Minnesota的一个三年级学生的电子邮件,邮件上说她想要就一次课堂项目采访她。urgent紧急的;long长的;unexpected出乎意料的(由expect派生而来);common常见的。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能激励后代,故可推知她收到的这封邮件对她来说是出乎意料的,故选C项。]
5.A　[句意同上。project项目;performance表演;discussion讨论;speech演讲。根据后文“I'm working on my big year-end project”可知,后文提到这位学生正在做一个期末项目,故此处指想要就一个课堂项目采访她,故选A项。]
6.B　[句意:这一暖心的留言写道:“我正在做一个大型期末项目。我喜欢生物学。我做了一些网络调研,发现了您的网站。我想问我是否能采访您。”inform通知;read写着、写有;write书写;ask询问。根据空前“I'm working on my big year-end project”及空后“I love biology.I did some online research and found your website.I would like to ask if I could 　　　　you.”可知,空前和空后都是介绍的留言所写的内容,故此处应用read意为“写着……”;属于熟词生义,故选B项。]
7.D　[句意同上。quote引用;find找到;follow跟随;interview采访。根据第一段的提示“That is until she received a(n) 　　　　email from a third-grader in Minnesota who wanted to interview her for a class 　　　　.”可知,前文提到一个三年级的学生想要采访她,此处为信息词interview的词汇复现,故选D项。]
8.A　[句意:不用说,Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,因此她在网上分享了这个孩子鼓舞人心的截图。touch使感动;confuse使困惑;frighten使害怕;surprise使惊讶。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者与Shen一样感动,故此处指Shen立刻就被这封邮件打动了,故选A项。]
9.B　[句意:从她第一次分享,这帖子就迅速走红,得到了多达27万的点赞和1 500多条评论。frequently频繁地;immediately立刻地;exactly确切地;eventually最终。根据后文“gaining more than 270,000 likes and 1,500 　　　　since she first shared it”可知,此处指立刻变得流行,故选B项。]
10.B　[句意同上。question问题;comment评论;post帖子;call电话。根据倒数第二段的提示“Many commenters were just as moved by the email as Shen was.”可知,很多评论者说他们与Shen一样很感动,故此处指1 500多条评论,故选B项。]
11.C　[句意:看到孩子们受到鼓励,想要去取得和你一样多的成就,真是太令人惊叹了。bother烦扰;request要求;inspire鼓励;order命令。根据前文“she had never 　　　　herself to be an inspiration for future generations”可知,她从未想过自己能成为后代的激励,故此处指孩子受到鼓励,想去取得尽可能多的成就,故选C项。]
12.D　[句意:其他的读者也想起了自己在孩子成长过程中的经历。accuse控告;suspect怀疑;warn警告;remind提醒,使想起。根据空后“of their own experiences with young children growing up”可知,此处指其他评论者因此事产生的联想,故选D项。]
13.A　[句意:榜样很重要,令人惊叹的是,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像。awesome令人惊叹的,极佳的(课标生僻词);urgent紧急的;impossible不可能的;depressing令人沮丧的。根据后文“the third-grader found his role model.”可知,这个三年级的学生找到了自己的偶像,这件事是积极正面的,故选A项。]
14.C　[句意:现在,这个故事感动了上千人,Shen有了新的动力去完成她的博士学位,去继续支持她这个领域的学生。quit放弃;advocate拥护;complete完成;use使用。根据第一段中的“Ph.candidate Elaine Shen”可知,Shen是博士候选人,需要完成她的博士学位,故选C项。]
15.B　[句意同上。competition竞争(由compete派生而来);support支持;injustice不公正(由justice派生而来);privacy隐私(课标生僻词)。根据倒数第二段中的“It's pretty amazing to witness that children are 　　　　to achieve as much as you have done.”可知,Shen已经成为了孩子们的偶像,她会继续为孩子们提供支持和帮助,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了长颈鹿妈妈教新生长颈鹿站起来的过程,并联想到了伟大作家Irving Stone,他一生写了很多关于伟大人物的传记,这些人不断追逐梦想并终有所成。
1.first　[考查数词。此处表示新生长颈鹿如何学习它的第一课,应用序数词,故填first。]
2.repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,与上文时态保持一致,用一般现在时,也可用一般将来时表将要发生的动作;主语为第三人称单数,且repeat在此处既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,故填repeats/will repeat/is repeated/will be repeated。]
3.on　[考查介词。此处考查固定短语stand on one's legs“站起来”,故填on。]
4.which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词为baby giraffes,故填which。]
5.survival　[考查词性转换。空前是介词,故空处应用名词作宾语,故填survival。]
6.understood　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语。根据下句的spent可知,此处在讲过去的事情,空处应保持时态统一,用一般过去时,故填understood。]
7.writing　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,as well as是并列连词,因此前后成分的形式需要一致。根据空前studying可知,此处填动名词,故填first。]
8.asked　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作非谓语,逻辑主语he和ask之间是动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填asked。]
9.excellent　[考查词性转换。空后是名词,需要用形容词修饰,故填excellent。]
10.what　[考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语,从句中缺宾语,故填what。]

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