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选择性必修第四册　UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
分值:42.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共30分)
(2025·连云港高三模拟)Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards.Ten years ago,she and her family moved to a new home in Austin,Texas.
One day,Kristin tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting a party.She bought a few picnic tables but the delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake.“After the party,I painted the table turquoise—my favorite color—and put it in the front yard,just a few feet from the sidewalk,” she says.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out.They played games,did crafts and ate snacks.“We got intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says.“We became ‘front yard people’.”
Neighbors began to stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat.Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put a picnic table in their front yard too.A movement was born.“It was a simple way to slow down and connect with others,” she says.The turquoise table was inviting and had a shared feel.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes.They think their house is too messy,it's not big enough or they don't have enough time.“Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says.Her picnic table takes away the excuses—and the pressure.
She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward easing loneliness and building relationships in her community.“People's greatest need is to know that they are loved and that they belong,”she says.
A decade after their Texas beginnings,thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world.Not all of them are actually turquoise.“No matter what color it is,it's a friendship table,” Kristin says.
1.Why did Kristin Schell start the movement
To host more parties in her front yard.
To entertain her friends and neighbors.
To engage with people in the neighbourhood.
To create harmonious communities worldwide.
2.Which of the following words best describe Kristin Schell according to the text
Creative and sociable. Friendly and humorous.
Generous and ambitious. Cautious and responsible.
3.What can be inferred from the text
People don't like others to step into their houses.
The campaign has a big impact at home and abroad.
Kristin Schell bought the turquoise table to host a party.
People feel unwilling to join in the front yard chat at first.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
Love Your Neighbors An Amazing Woman
Happy Front Yard Time Tables Where All Are Welcome
(2025·杭州高三质量检测)Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question,we need to ask a further question:What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity,people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness,Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature,much to their harm.In his opinion,forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others,who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation,mutual respect,and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings,we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love,our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example,how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans,forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies,is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note,when we take a classical Realism philosophical perspective,that of Aristotle,we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive,but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving,its actual appropriation in conflict situations,develops with practice.
5.What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
People should offer mercy to others.
Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
6.What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
To forgive is to love. To dominate is to harm.
To fight is to grow. To give is to receive.
7.What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness
Favorable. Reserved.
Objective. Skeptical.
8.What is the message of the last paragraph
Forgiveness is in our nature. Forgiveness grows with time.
It takes practice to forgive. Actuality is based on potentiality.
(2025·南京师大附中高三模拟)On Monday,a lawsuit (诉讼) in the US got huge headlines around the world.It deals with a truly 21st century issue—whether human genes (基因) may be patented.
Myriad Genetics,a biotechnology company,discovered two genes—BRCA 1 and BRCA 2—that are highly related to breast cancer.Myriad patented its discoveries and a group of researchers challenged that the patent was illegal.
The US patent law protects the temporary economic rewards inventors get from their inventions.But it also says a product of nature or a law of nature can't be patented.For example,Einstein couldn't patent on his discovery of E=mc2.
And until relatively recently,many of the medical researchers voluntarily gave up patents on their inventions.When Dr.Jonas Salk,the inventor of the polio vaccine (小儿麻痹症疫苗),was asked in 1955 whether he had a patent on the vaccine,he replied,“Could you patent the sun ”
Myriad Genetics,however,says that the genes it identified are not like the sun.It notes that there are 20,000 genes in the human body and that it has sorted through all those genes and found the two that are closely related to breast cancer.
Not so,say those challenging the patent.Human genes are products of nature.They are just a part of the human body.“All Myriad does is take the part out of the body,” says the challengers' lawyer,Christopher Hansen.“Can the person who first takes the heart out of the body patent on hearts ”
Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth.“At some level it is about money,” he says,“because medicine doesn't happen for free.The patent system is very important to encourage companies to spend more money on scientific research and development.”
Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation Most countries approve patents on genes,but they also allow other scientists to use the genes freely to do research and develop new medicines and testing methods.
9.Which of the following can be patented according to the US patent law
The law of gravity force. A unique orbit found in space.
A new medicine based on BRCA 1. The basic working principle of planes.
10.What is Christopher Hansen's argument against the patent
A product of nature can't be patented.
Public interests should be put before profits.
It is unacceptable to the other countries in the world.
The connection between genes and cancers is not obvious.
11.What does the underlined phrase “down to earth” in paragraph 7 mean
Angry. Rude.
Smart. Practical.
12.What is the last paragraph mainly about
The consequences of the lawsuit. Other countries' solution to the case.
The public reactions to the news. Some scientists' support for the patent.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·湖北高三联考)Life isn't fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.
But first,the bad news.People initially judge each other based purely on physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make snap judgments about each other's likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this 　2　 People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn't it Smile and others will smile with you.
What other tricks might we have 　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat are to:raise our eyebrows quickly,tilt (倾斜) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.
So we've looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there grinning foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they're going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　
Finally,finding common ground is good for forming a connection.Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.Simple things like asking where someone's from really can open up a discussion and allow you to find areas in common.And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British of topics:the weather.　5　
A.It can be a nice start of a conversation.
B.Instead,you need to show interest in them.
C.There's one incredibly simple tool:your smile.
D.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm
E.What good tricks can we employ to become charming
F.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others.
G.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals.
A Para.1:movement n.运动;community n.社区;Para.2:delivery n.送货; Para.3:craft n.手工艺;snack n.小吃
B Para.1:dominance n.优势,显著,支配地位;aggressive adj.好斗的,挑衅的;Para.3:integrity n.完整,完全;耿直,正直诚实;hatred n.仇恨,憎恨,厌恶;Para.4:perspective n.态度,观点,思考方法
C Para.1:headline n.头条新闻;Para.2:biotechnology n.生物技术;patent n.专利; Para.3:temporary adj.临时的;economic adj.经济的;Para.4:vaccine n.疫苗
A Para.1:move　熟义:v.移动;生义:vt.搬家
B Para.1:compromise　熟义:v.妥协,让步;生义:v.损害
C Para.1:patent　熟义:n.专利权;生义:vt.取得……的专利权
词 块 积 累 A Para.2:host a party举办派对;Para.3:hang out待着;play games玩游戏; Para.4:stop by顺便来;sit down坐下来
B Para.1:for the sake of为了……起见;Para.2:fall apart破裂,崩溃
C Para.1:deal with处理;Para.4:give up放弃;Para.7:down to earth踏实的;务实的
长 难 句 式 A Para.1:Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table,a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. [分析]　这是一个复合句。关系代词who引导定语从句修饰名词people;a movement of ordinary people作The Turquoise Table的同位语。 [译文]　克里斯汀·谢尔是“绿松石桌”运动的创始人,这是一场由普通人发起的运动,他们的目的是在自家前院创建社群。
C Para.7:Rochelle Dreyfuss,a patent expert who is not associated with this case,is a little more down to earth. [分析]　这是一个复合句。同位语a patent expert解释和说明Rochelle Dreyfuss的身份;关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词expert。 [译文]　与此案无关的专利专家罗歇尔·德雷福斯则更加务实。
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 1
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了克里斯汀·谢尔在前院放置的一张青绿色餐桌使她加强了与邻居乃至陌生人的友好联系,也激励了更多人参与到这场社交的运动之中。
1.C　[细节理解题。根据第一段、第二段的第一句以及第四段中的“It was a simple way...connect with others”可知,克里斯汀·谢尔发起这项运动的目的是与邻居接触,故选C项。]
2.A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘After the party...from the sidewalk,’she says.”以及后文Kristin后来发起了“绿松石桌”运动可知,克里斯汀有创造性。再根据第四段中的“Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea.”可知,克里斯汀是一个热情、好交际的人,故选A项。]
3.B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A decade after their Texas beginnings...around the world.”可知,这场运动在国内外都产生了巨大的影响,故选B项。]
4.D　[标题归纳题。文章主要讲述克里斯汀·谢尔因为在前院偶然放置的一张青绿色餐桌,与邻居和陌生人建立了联系,也影响了全世界的很多人。因此D项“欢迎所有人的桌子”可作为本文的最佳标题,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述两种关于原谅的观点告诉读者原谅他人的能力是可以通过实践练习提升。
5.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“In his opinion,forgivers are compromising...who might then take advantage of them.”可知,Droll认为宽恕者在宽恕他人的时候也在损害自己的幸福,而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们,故选D项。]
6.B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知,支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推出,作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配就是伤害”,故选B项。]
7.A　[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“one of the outcomes of forgiveness,shown through scientific studies...Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people”和最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知,作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨,恢复和谐,打破愤怒的循环,治愈关系,将人们再次联系在一起,且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此可知,作者对原谅持支持的态度,故选A项。]
8.C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“We are not necessarily...develops with practice.”可知,作者认为人们不一定生来就有原谅的能力,但都可以学习并提升这一能力,并随实践而发展。由此可知,本段主要说明学会原谅需要实践,故选C项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了Myriad Genetics是否应该申请专利保护其新发现的致癌基因的问题。
9.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The US patent law...nature can't be patented.”可推知,基于BRCA 1的新药应该可以申请专利,故选C项。]
10.A　[细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Not so,say those challenging the...a part of the human body.”可知,Christopher Hansen 反对的依据是基因BRCA 1及BRCA 2是已经存在的自然物,所以不能申请专利,故选A项。]
11.D　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“At some level...on scientific research and development.”可知,Rochelle Dreyfuss的说辞一点都不“高大上”,而是十分务实的:新药研发要花钱;公司能获利才会有投资科研的动力。故画线词意思是“实际的”,故选D项。]
12.B　[段落大意题。根据最后一段的主题句“Then how do other countries handle this tricky situation ”可知,最后一段主要讲了其他国家的解决方案,故选B项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种让人变得有吸引力的方法。
1.D　[空后的“The answer is:to a large extent,yes,you can.”表明空后应是对上文的回答,且根据回答内容“yes,you can”可知,空处应是一般疑问句,且主语是you,故选D项。]
2.C　[空前问到“How should we deal with this ”,故空处应该是对这个问题的回答。再结合空后的“People perceive a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and more sociable.”以及“Smile and others will smile with you.”可知,处理这种情况的方法就是微笑,故选C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”。]
3.G　[根据空后的“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are...tilt(仰起) our heads slightly,and once again,smile.”可知,我们可以做三件事来表明自己没有威胁:快速抬眉,微微歪头,并且再次微笑。因此对方是通过这些信息来判断我们是敌是友的。故G项“我们的大脑经常观察周围环境来获取友好或敌意的信号”符合语境。]
4.B　[空前讲你不应该谈论你自己和你所有的令人赞叹的成就,故空处应讲述你应该怎么做。B项“相反,你需要对他们表现出兴趣”承接上文,与空前呈转折关系,符合语境。]
5.A　[空前讲如果其他一切都失败了,你就可以借助于最英式的话题:天气。空处应该讲这样做的好处,故A项“这可能是一段谈话的一个很好的开始”符合语境。A项中的It指代空前的the weather。]选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2　Understanding each other
分值:50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·贵阳高三适应性考试)A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity.People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study, published in the medical publication The Lancet,said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19,the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period.
“A staggering number of people are living with obesity,and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death,” declared the lead writer of the study,Majid Ezzati,a professor at Imperial College London.
The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022,member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far,31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan.
These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition,governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies.They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools.
Imperial College London's Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations.But they are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people,meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems.
Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters,“In the past,we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich,but obesity is a problem of the world.Although new obesity drugs—such as Ozempic and Wegovy—could be helpful tools in reducing obesity,they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.”
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” mean
Satisfying. Amazing.
Astonishing. Puzzling.
2.What is included in the plan led by 31 governments
Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food.
Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food.
Attaching importance to physical activity.
Offering lower-priced obesity drugs to people.
3.What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”
Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity.
Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity.
Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries.
Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries.
4.What is Branca's attitude to the obesity problem
Negative. Indifferent.
Ambiguous. Optimistic.
(2025·吉林高三模拟三)In 1986,King Charles suggested talking to plants,a thought initially mocked but now supported by evidence that plants can detect,react to,and potentially produce sound.
Since plants have been evolving alongside the insects for hundreds of millions of years,Heidi Appel,a botanist and Reginald Cocroft,an entomologist wondered if plants might be sensitive to the sounds made by insects.The researchers recorded the vibrations (震动) from caterpillars (毛虫) as they chewed on leaves.Then the plants were exposed to the recorded vibrations while no caterpillars were actually present.The results were striking.Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals,making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.The research may have practical consequences,such as using drones armed with speakers to warn crops of pest threats,offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Further studies by ecologist Monica Gagliano reveal that plants,like pea plants,can “hear” water through sound,with roots responding to water-related vibrations even when the water is inaccessible.This finding could have implications for preventing damage to sewer (下水道) systems caused by plant roots.The assumption had been that it was leaks that attracted the roots.The solution,she says,might be to invest in pipes that are silent as water runs through them.
Additionally,the study by the team at Tel Aviv University revealed that plants under stress,due to factors like insufficient water or physical damage,make high frequency sounds,which can be detected even in noisy environments.This opens possibilities for using microphones to monitor plant health in agriculture,potentially aiding farmers in identifying and addressing crop issues.
Despite some questions remaining to be solved,these fascinating discoveries cast new light on plants' ability to perceive and respond to sounds in their environment.Plants live in a world full of sounds due to human civilization,and it is worth investigating this interesting aspect.Perhaps researchers might even seek funding from King Charles.
5.What was the original reaction to King Charles's suggestion
Ambiguous. Favourable.
Indifferent. Opposed.
6.What practical result may the research by Heidi and Reginald lead to
Introducing drones with speakers to farmers.
Applying chemicals to enhance plant growth.
Stimulating plants to release anti-pest chemicals.
Developing new types of protective pesticides.
7.Why is employing silent pipes suggested
To reduce noise pollution. To protect sewer systems.
To improve water transportation. To attract plant roots to accessible water.
8.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·湘潭高三模拟)Smith brought his three-month-old son out for breakfast one day.He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating,and just doing his 　1　 thing.
But then he noticed a 　2　 staring at him.He was 　3　.“What is going on ” “They kept 　4　 at me,” he wrote in a post.
As it 　5　,the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son,and they felt inspired while watching the 　6　.Smith had no way of knowing that until he paid for his meal.He was given by the waiter a 　7　 from the couple,saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　8　 for his meal.
“Today your meal is on my wife and me,” it read.“　9　 your time with that baby as long as possible.The Masons.”
For Smith,it was a happy moment of reassurance (认可) and feeling 　10　.He was touched by the generosity and noted that he didn't have a father figure growing up,so spending this time with his son is super 　11　 to him.
He wrote that he'll share this 　12　 with his son when he's older and that he wants to teach him kindness and about the 　13　 of giving back.
“I make sure I'm 　14　,” Smith wrapped.“I get blessed—I want to 　15　 someone else.”
1.unusual rare
big regular
2.stranger woman
couple waiter
3.embarrassed confused
worried scared
4.shouting aiming
smiling getting
5.turns out turns on
strikes out goes on
6.relationship appreciation
friendship instruction
7.bill note
excuse notice
8.credit cash
change fortune
9.Enjoy Share
Protect Cheer
10.lost exposed
wronged seen
11.significant occasional
grateful influential
12.idea breakfast
joy story
13.feeling comfort
power consequence
14.carrying it through paying it forward
making it up putting it down
15.approach address
bless watch
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·湖北高三联考)In the 12th century,the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin'an.Near Lin'an,on the banks of Lake Tai is the city of Suzhou.Given its location near the capital and its 1.　　　　　　　　　 (nature) beauty,Suzhou became a preferred place 2.　　　　　　　　　 (live).Thus,there were over 300 gardens 3.　　　　　　　　　 (build) here,and more than 60 are still in 4.　　　　　　　　　 (exist).
Among these gardens,the Humble Administrator's Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most famous,and water pools take up 5.　　　　　　　　　 third of its area.6. 　
(surround) the water pools is a luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees,all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect off the sparkling water below.As is typical of Suzhou gardens,this garden 7.　　　　　　　　　 (separate) into different sections,offering various kinds of spaces 8.　　　　　　　　　 diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and feelings.
Since it is such a large garden,no simple description of the garden will do.9. 　
you have to do is walk among the water pools and plants,enjoy every moment,10. 　
find your own treasures depending on your mood that day.
A Para.2:severe adj.极为恶劣的,十分严重的;严厉的,苛刻的;declare v.公布,宣布,宣告;表明,宣称,断言; Para.4:enact v.通过(法律),扮演;nutrition n.营养,滋养;营养学;awareness n.知道,认识,意识
B Para.1:initially adv.开始,起初;potentially adv.潜在地,可能地;Para.2:striking adj.惊人的; significantly adv.重大地,显著地;alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.非传统的;可替代的; Para.3:implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意,暗指;Para.4:insufficient adj.不充分的,不足的; address v.设法解决,处理;演讲;向……说话;致函;Para.5:fascinating adj.极有吸引力的; perceive v.注意到,察觉到
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:one in eight八分之一;Para.2:long list of一长串的;Para.5:double burden双重负担; nutrition problems营养问题
B Para.2:be sensitive to对……敏感;Para.3:invest in投资;Para.5:cast light on sth使了解某事,使(问题等)较容易理解
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 2
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关肥胖的新的研究发现,并分析了肥胖这一社会性问题、采取的相应措施以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。
1.C　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity”和“one in eight people are obese”以及“around 43 percent of adults were overweight...Obesity among adults has more than doubled...increased by four times during the same period”可知,世界上的肥胖人数众多,有八分之一的人口肥胖,且肥胖率自1990年以来增加了一倍多。由此可见,肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字,故选C项。]
2.C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools”(加强对学校体育活动的要求)可知,31个政府带头执行的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视,故选C项。]
3.B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates...are quickly increasing in other countries.He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知,其他国家的 肥胖率迅速增加,一些国家还有很多体重不足的人,这些国家正在面临着被Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见,Ezzati提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题,故选B项。]
4.A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知,Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题,而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会加剧不平等现象。由此可见,Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的,故选A项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是议论文。文章主要论述了1986年,Charles国王建议与植物交谈,这一想法最初遭到嘲笑,但现在有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应,并可能产生声音。
5.D　[观点态度题。根据第一段中的“In 1986...a thought initially mocked”可知,Charles国王的建议最初被人们嘲笑,即被当时的人们反对,故选D项。]
6.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,Heidi和Reginald通过研究发现,暴露在毛虫咀嚼树叶时发出的震动声中的叶子明显含有更高水平的防御性化学物质,这使得毛虫更难吃到它们。这项研究可能会产生实际影响,比如使用配备扬声器的无人机来警告农作物害虫的威胁,为化学农药提供一种环保的替代品。所以Heidi和Reginald的研究可以得出一种新的保护植物的方法,即通过刺激植物,让植物自身释放抗虫害化学物质,故选C项。]
7.B　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,Monica的进一步研究表明,像豌豆这样的植物可以通过声音“听到”水,因此即使是在无法接触到水的情况下,它们的根也会对与水有关的震动做出反应。这一发现可以对防止植物的根系对下水道系统造成损害,而解决办法可能是购买一种可以在水流经过时保持静音的管道。由此可知,使用静音管道是为了保护下水道系统,故选B项。]
8.C　[写作手法题。文章第一段总体提出现有证据表明,植物可以探测声音、对声音做出反应并可能产生声音;第二、三、四段介绍了三个研究作为该观点的证据;最后一段总结说这些发现使人们进一步了解植物感知环境中的声音并对声音做出反应的能力。所以文章为总分总结构,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲在饭店一边吃饭,一边和儿子玩耍并照顾他。一对夫妇看到这一场景,很感动,主动给他们提供了餐费。这位父亲决定将这份爱心传递下去,并让他儿子知道善举的意义。
1.D　[句意:他和儿子一起玩,一边吃饭一边照顾他,做着平常做的事情。unusual不寻常的;rare稀少的;big大的;regular常规的。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him”可知,他做着平常的事情,故选D项。]
2.C　[句意:但他注意到有一对夫妇盯着他看。stranger陌生人;woman女人;couple夫妇;waiter服务生。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,一对夫妇盯着他看,故选C项。]
3.B　[句意:他很困惑。embarrassed尴尬的;confused困惑的;worried担忧的;scared惊恐的。根据上文“But then he noticed a 　　　　staring at him.”以及下文“What is going on ”可知,史密斯很困惑,不知道对方为什么盯着他看,故选B项。]
4.C　[句意:他们一直对我微笑。shout喊叫;aim力求达到;smile微笑;get获得。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,这对夫妇一直对着史密斯微笑,故选C项。]
5.A　[句意:事实证明,陌生人只是很高兴看到一个父亲和他的儿子在一起,他们看到这种关系受到鼓舞。turn out结果是,证明是;turn on打开;strike out开始行动;go on继续。根据下文“the strangers were just happy to see a dad spending time with his son”可知,此处是对上文史密斯的疑惑作出解释,阐述事实真相,turn out“结果是,证明是”符合语境,故选A项。]
6.A　[句意同上。relationship关系;appreciation感激;friendship友谊;instruction指示。根据上文“He was playing with his son and tending to him while eating”可知,这对夫妇看到史密斯和儿子在一起,父子之间关系融洽的场景让他们受到鼓舞,故选A项。]
7.B　[句意:服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留的纸条,上面写着他是一个很伟大的父亲,他们想给他留一些钱。bill账单;note短笺,纸条;excuse借口;notice通知。根据下文“saying what a great father he was and that they would like to leave some 　　　　for his meal.”以及“‘Today your meal is on my wife and me,’it read.”可知,服务员给了他一张这对夫妇留下的纸条,故选B项。]
8.B　[句意同上。credit信用;cash现金;change改变;fortune运气。根据下文“Today your meal is on my wife and me”可知,夫妇想给史密斯留一些现金来请客,故选B项。]
9.A　[句意:好好享受你和孩子在一起的时光吧。enjoy享受;share分享;protect保护;cheer欢呼。根据上文“Smith brought his three-month-old...while eating,and just doing his 　　　　thing.”可知,夫妇让史密斯好好享受和孩子在一起的时光,故选A项。]
10.D　[句意:对史密斯来说,这是一个快乐的时刻,让他感到被认可,感觉自己被关注了。lose丢失;expose暴露;wrong不公正地对待;see看到,关注。根据上文“staring at him”可知,史密斯被夫妇关注了,故选D项。]
11.A　[句意:他被这种慷慨感动了,他认为自己的成长过程中父亲是缺位的,所以和儿子在一起的时间对他来说非常重要。significant重要的;occasional偶尔的;grateful感激的;influential有影响力的,故选A项。]
12.D　[句意:他写道,当他的儿子长大后,他会和他分享这个故事,他想教导他善良和回报的力量。idea观点;breakfast早餐;joy快乐;story故事。设空处指代上文所讲的这个故事。当他的儿子长大后,史密斯会和他分享这个故事,故选D项。]
13.C　[句意同上。feeling感觉;comfort安慰;power力量;consequence结果。根据“he wants to teach him kindness”和“of giving back”可知,他想教他善良和回报的力量,故选C项。]
14.B　[句意:我要确保我把爱传递出去。carry it through坚持到底;pay it forward将接受的恩惠传递下去;make it up组成;put it down放下。根据下文“I get blessed—I want to 　　　　someone else.”可推断,史密斯要传递善意,故选B项。]
15.C　[句意:我得到了祝福——我想祝福别人。approach接近;address演讲;bless祝福;watch观看。根据上文“I get blessed”可知,他得到了别人的祝福,也想祝福别人,故选C项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了苏州园林的历史,以及其最大、最著名的园林拙政园的景观和参观方式。
1.natural　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词beauty,应用形容词,故填natural。]
2.to live　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是became,此处是不定式短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词place,故填to live。]
3.built　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句是there be句型,空处作非谓语,与逻辑主语over 300 gardens之间是动宾关系,故填built。]
4.existence　[考查词性转换。此处考查固定表达in existence,意为“存在”。句意:因此,这里建造了300多座园林,并且如今仍有60多座保存完好,故填existence。]
5.a/one　[考查固定表达。此处考查分数的表达,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子是“1”的话,可以用a或者one表示,故填a/one。]
6.Surrounding　[考查倒装句。分析句子结构可知,本句是一个倒装句,正常语序为“A luxuriant (繁茂的) group of flowers,plants,and trees is surrounding the water pools.”且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填Surrounding。]
7.is separated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。本句介绍园林的基本情况,时态用一般现在时;主语this garden与separate之间是被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数,故填is separated。]
8.in　[考查介词。结合句意“作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林被划分成了不同的部分,呈现不同形状和大小的空间,以此代表不同情绪和感觉”可知,此处表示“不同的形状和大小”,shape与size常与介词in搭配,故介词in。]
9.What　[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是is,空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且空处位于句首,首字母需要大写,故填What。]
10.and　[考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,空前的动词walk和enjoy与空后的动词find形成并列关系,故填and。]选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3　Careers and skills
分值:40分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共27.5分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三模拟)Gently trimming your hedge (修剪树篱) every 2 weeks will thicken it up and give it a beautiful look,but heavy trimmers,wires and stepladders make hedge trimming a job that some people hate.Gtech's Cordless HT50 Hedge Trimmer makes it a pleasure.
Great Convenience
With 60 minutes of runtime,move freely around your garden without being bothered by wires and messy petrol.Running off a 18V motor,the HT50 Hedge Trimmer supplies the power directly when needed.The lightweight but super strong drive system is designed for quiet running.In addition,the precision laser cut blades (刀片) move through branches up to 25 mm thick,leaving a clean cut vital to promote a healthy hedge.
Long Reach
The HT50 Hedge Trimmer has an adjustable head so that you have full control over the cut of your hedge.The head adjusts downwards so you can cut the top of your hedge easily,and upwards so that you can cut thorny (多刺的) hedges without hurting your arms.Keep your hedges neat by cutting flat along the tops of hedges up to 10 feet tall using the 55 cm long blade.
Perfectly Balanced
Weighing only 2.94kg,the HT50 is well balanced,giving you a more enjoyable gardening experience.Get the HT50 Hedge Trimmer (￡224.98) for just ￡149.98 if you order before May 9th 2026,with a Branch Cutter attached free of charge.Call our 24-hour freephone information and sales lines or visit our website for more information.
1.What is a feature of the HT50 Hedge Trimmer
It needs no power support. It helps maintain weak leaves.
It has no time limit for a single run. It has no noise disturbance while working.
2.How much can be saved if you buy two sets of the tool before May 9th 2026
￡75. ￡149.98.
￡150. ￡299.96.
3.What is the main purpose of the text
To advertise. To introduce.
To inform. To analyse.
(2025·沧州高三模拟)When Sourabh Jain first became a father to his daughter,he struggled with bonding with her in the beginning.That's when he realized that games and books are interactive and provide an opportunity to spend hours with her.Thus he began the hunt for games and toys that not only helped him bond with his daughter but also contributed to her cognitive (认知的) development.
During this search,he realized that not only are these toys and games hard to find,but they can also burn a hole in one's pocket.Another realization was that there is always some amount of plastic in the toys and it is harmful to the environment and the little ones.
While he expected to give his daughter the world,he also wanted to leave behind a cleaner,greener,and more sustainable world for her.Today,he owns The EleFant—a toy rental company,or in Sourabh's words,“a labor of love”.
Currently,the company has a customer base of more than 250 subscribers with over 2,000 downloads of the application per day.They also have collaborations with 70 toy companies where they source their toys.
Among these 250 subscribers is Rahul Bhauwala who rents toys for his 6-year-old son.“I am a working professional and I hardly get any time to go out and spend hours looking for and buying toys.I could use that precious time to play with my child instead.This is why I love using The EleFant app.They have a wide range of toys which are categorized by age group.The products are very well-packaged and my son loved opening them as it looked like a present to him,” he says.
As for the future,Sourabh says,“Our intention was not to make it an expensive and exclusive service (专属服务).Instead,we aimed to provide an opportunity for everyone to give their children everything in a sustainable manner.The value is kept in this way,emphasizing inclusivity and accessibility for all.”
4.What did Sourabh find when searching for toys for his daughter
Pockets often get damaged by toys. Eco-friendly toys are hard to find.
Toys could bond him with his daughter. Toys do good to cognitive development.
5.What aspect of The EleFant attracted Rahul Bhauwala most
Its convenience. Its delivery service.
Its popularity. Its cheap rental price.
6.What will Sourabh focus on
Producing more toys. Expanding his company.
Making his service more accessible. Donating toys to poor families.
7.Which words best describe Sourabh
Successful and humorous. Generous and modest.
Talented and creative. Responsible and business-minded.
(2025·山东实验中学高三模拟)
Cafeterias have been filled with challenges—right from planning,purchasing,and preparing,to reducing waste,staying on budget,managing goods,and training staff.Through the tedious process,restaurateurs lacked a unified platform for efficient management.To bring consistency to the unorganised catering (餐饮) industry,childhood friends Arjun Subramanian and Raj Jain,who shared a passion for innovation,decided to partner in 2019 to explore opportunities in the cafeteria industry.
In May 2020,they cofounded Platos,a one-stop solution for restaurants with a custom technology kit to streamline all aspects of cafeteria management.The company offers end-to-end cafeteria management,staff selection and food trials to ensure smooth operations and consistent service.“We believe startups solve real problems and Platos is our shot at making daily workplace food enjoyable again.We aim to simplify the dining experience,providing a convenient and efficient solution that benefits both restaurateurs and customers and creating a connected ecosystem,” says Subramanian,CEO and cofounder.
Platos guarantees that a technology-driven cafeteria allows customers to order,pay,pick up,and provide ratings and feedback.It also offers goods and menu management to effectively perform daily operations.Additionally,its applications connect all shareholders for a smart cafeteria experience.“We help businesses that are into catering on condition that they have access to an industrial kitchen setup where they're making food according to certain standards,” Jain states.
Since the beginning,Platos claims to have transformed 45 cafeterias across eight cities in the country.Currently,it has over 45,000 monthly users placing more than 200,000 orders.Despite facing challenges in launching cafeterias across major cities in the initial stages,Platos has experienced a 15% increase in its month-over-month profits.
As for future plans,the startup is looking to raise $1 million from investors as strategic partners,bringing in capital,expertise,and networks.“Finding the right lead investor is the compass that points your startup toward success,” Subramanian says.
8.What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 1 mean
Time-consuming. Breathtaking.
Heartbreaking. Energy-saving.
9.What is the purpose of founding Platos
To connect customers with a greener ecosystem.
To ensure food security and variety in cafeterias.
To improve cafeteria management with technology.
To make staff selection more efficient and enjoyable.
10.What can we learn from the statistics in Paragraph 4
Platos has achieved its ultimate financial goal.
Platos has gained impressive marketing progress.
Challenges in food industry can be easily overcome.
Tech-driven cafeterias have covered most urban areas.
11.What is Subramanian's future plan for Platos
To reduce costs. To increase profits.
To seek investment. To innovate technology.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分,共12.5分)
(2025·沧州高三模拟)
Thinking about adopting a healthy lifestyle Congratulations! There are so many reasons for adopting a healthy lifestyle.Here are some tips to help you get started with your new habits.
Before you begin,ask yourself some questions,what are your reasons for thinking about a healthier lifestyle 　1　 Your why should reflect your values and what's important to you.Knowing your specific why will help you to not just get started,but will help keep you focused and motivated as it guides your journey.
Focus on behaviors,not results.　2　 But switching your focus from outcomes to the new habits you're creating and actions you're taking is more beneficial.It's actually some daily health-promoting behaviors that will create change and can lead to the health outcomes you desire.
　3　 Remember Rome wasn't built in a day! And things like your eating habits,cooking skills,athletic abilities,and more won't change overnight.This is also why you don't need a long list telling you everything you need to stop doing.You just need to take the first step.
Remember it's not all or nothing.A healthy lifestyle is never all or nothing.　4　 So focus on eating foods and creating habits that make you feel good.
Can you do it forever One of the most important things to ask yourself when building healthy habits is,“Can you do it for life ” Sure,you could probably stick to a diet for a short period,but can you see yourself doing that forever 　5　
A.Start small and take steady steps.
B.Why is doing this important for you
C.Make a list of habits you want to build.
D.It's okay to desire weight loss,or any other outcomes.
E.In a word,fasting is harmful and no one would like to do so.
F.If not,remember:temporary methods are equal to temporary results.
G.It's about creating a healthy relationship with food and your body.
A Para.1:stepladder n.梯子;Para.2:convenience n.便利;precision n.精确; Para.3:adjustable adj.可调整的;neat adj.整洁的;Para.4:balanced adj.平衡的
B Para.2:plastic n.塑料;environment n.环境;Para.3:sustainable adj.可持续的; Para.4:customer n.顾客;download n.下载量;application n.应用;Para.5:range n.范围;categorize v.分类
C Para.1:challenge n.挑战;management n.管理;Para.2:consistent adj.持续的;efficient adj.效率高的;solution n.解决方案;Para.3:feedback n.反馈;Para.4:claim v.声称;initial adj.开始的
A Para.4:order　熟义:n.顺序;生义:v.订购;free　熟义:adj.自由的;生义:adj.免费的
B Para.1:struggle　熟义:n.挣扎;生义:v.努力;bond　熟义:n.纽带;生义:v.建立亲密关系
C Para.1:partner　熟义:n.伙伴;生义:v.结伴;Para.5:raise　熟义:v.提高;生义:v.筹集(资金)
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:every 2 weeks每两周;thicken up变厚;Para.3:keep your hedges neat保持你的树篱整洁; Para.4:free of charge免费
B Para.1:in the beginning一开始;Para.2:be harmful to有害于;Para.3:give someone the world给某人一切;a labor of love爱的劳动;心甘情愿做的事;Para.5:a wide range of广泛的
C Para.1:on budget在预算内;Para.4:month-over-month每月递增的; Para.5:strategic partners战略合作伙伴
长 难 句 式 C Para.2:In May 2020,they cofounded Platos,a one-stop solution for restaurants with a custom technology kit to streamline all aspects of cafeteria management. [分析]　这是一个简单句,句子结构为主谓宾;介词短语In May 2020作时间状语;a one-stop solution是Platos的同位语;介词短语for restaurants...cafeteria management作后置定语。 [译文]　在2020年五月,他们共同创立了Platos,这是一个为餐厅提供一站式解决方案的公司,通过定制技术套件以简化餐厅管理的各个方面。
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了一款修剪树篱的工具。
1.D　[细节理解题。根据Great Convenience部分中“The lightweight but super strong drive system is designed for quiet running.”可知,轻巧但超强的驱动系统是专为安静运行而设计的,即在工作时没有噪声干扰,故选D项。]
2.C　[数字计算题。根据最后一段“Weighing only 2.94kg...with a Branch Cutter attached free of charge.”可知,原价是￡224.98,2026年5月9日之前购买是￡149.98,可算出每套省￡75,两套省￡150,故选C项。]
3.A　[写作意图题。通读全文,尤其是由文章第一段可知,文章介绍了一款修剪树篱的工具,尤其侧重交代其优于传统工具的特性,最后一段重在让消费者了解其正在促销。故文章旨在为这款工具做广告,故选A项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Sourabh在为女儿寻找玩具的过程中,自己创办玩具租赁公司,为父母们提供方便的故事。
4.B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“During this search...the environment and the little ones.”可知,Sourabh在为女儿寻找玩具时发现环保玩具很难找到,故选B项。]
5.A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I could use that precious time...The EleFant app.”可知,使用The EleFant app可以帮助他节约时间,即是便利最吸引他,故选A项。]
6.C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,Sourabh的目标是让每个人都有机会以可持续的方式给他们的孩子一切,强调对所有人的包容性和可达性,故选C项。]
7.D　[推理判断题。根据第三段“While he expected...and more sustainable world for her.”可知,Sourabh希望给自己的女儿一个可持续的、环保的、更干净清洁的世界,说明他是有责任感的;根据第四段可知,他在为女儿找玩具的过程中发现商机,进而创办玩具租赁公司,说明他是有商业头脑的,故选D项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了Platos这个创业公司的起源、业务模式、发展历程以及未来规划。
8.A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Cafeterias have been filled with challenges... and training staff.”可知,自助餐厅的经营内容和流程复杂繁琐。由此推知,画线词tedious是“繁琐的”意思,和A项意思相近,故选A项。]
9.C　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知,创立Platos的目的是用科技进行一站式服务改善自助食堂管理,故选C项。]
10.B　[推理判断题。根据第四段可推知,统计数据从餐厅数量,订单量和利润方面的快速增长,显示出了Platos在市场营销方面取得了令人瞩目的进展,故选B项。]
11.C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,萨勃拉曼尼亚对Platos的未来计划是寻求投资,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了养成健康的生活方式需要注意的一些事项。
1.B　[根据前文“Before you begin...a healthier lifestyle ”可知,本段首句建议人们要问自己一些问题。因此B选项“Why is doing this important for you (为什么做这件事对你很重要 )”可以和前句并列,都是相关方面的问题,符合语境,故选B项。]
2.D　[根据本段首句以及后文“But switching your focus...more beneficial.”可知,本段主题句建议人们要关注行为而不是结果,同时后文以but开头,故设空处与后文构成转折关系。D选项强调渴望减肥或者其他结果是可以的,后文与本句构成转折关系,强调要把结果转移到正在养成的新习惯或者正在采取的行动上,则更有益,同时此处outcomes与上句中results为同义词,该选项符合语境,故选D项。]
3.A　[本句位于段首,是段落的主题句。根据后文的内容“Remember Rome...change overnight.”可知,此处强调罗马不是一天建成的,习惯要慢慢改变。A选项“Start small and take steady steps.(从小处开始,循序渐进。)”概括本段主要内容,符合语境,故选A项。]
4.G　[根据前文“A healthy lifestyle is never all or nothing.”推知,空处应陈述真正的健康生活是怎样的。G选项“It's about creating a healthy relationship with food and your body.(这是关于在食物和你的身体之间建立健康的关系。)”承接前文,指出健康的生活方式是什么,故选G项。]
5.F　[根据前文“Can you do...yourself doing that forever ”可知,此处强调人们在养成健康的生活方式时要问问自己这样做是否能够坚持一辈子。F选项“If not,remember:temporary methods are equal to temporary results.(如果没有,请记住:临时方法产生临时结果。)”承接前文,故选F项。]选择性必修第四册　UNIT 4　Never too old to learn
分值:50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分,共20分)
(2025·嘉兴高三模拟)I have always been proud of my handwriting,a skill I was taught in grade school.The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g's and s's as well as beautiful f's that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework,as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive (草书).They type everything mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive.To my complete disbelief,not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards.They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written.One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially,I was angry.I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy.But then I showed an English friend a postcard I'd just written,and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U.S.A.” The rest of it,he politely suggested,looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately,I unwillingly admit that he has a point.All the m's and n's run together,and the l's look like t's.The a's are indistinguishable from the q's.So,from now on,I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact,I just now sent an old friend a postcard.But this time,I simply wrote—in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
1.What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
It is characterized by big flowing lines.
It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
It was not allowed in students' homework.
It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
2.What weakened the writer's belief in cursive
The popularity of block letters in recent times.
The younger generation's disinterest in cursive.
His friends' failure to comprehend his postcards.
His English friend's suggestion on postcard design.
3.Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
To deliver his message clearly. To improve his handwriting skills.
To win praise from his friends. To show his passion for calligraphy.
4.What is the text mainly about
The wide use of cursive. The sad decline of cursive.
The value of preserving cursive. The technique of writing in cursive.
(2025·佛山高三模拟)Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time.People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:“Did they like me or were they just being polite ” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ”
To find out whether these worries are necessary,we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.In our studies,participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before.Afterward,they were asked how much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again,we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the impression they made.That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions,but its effects extend far beyond a first impression.Surprisingly,the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships,including interactions with coworkers,long after the initial conversations have taken place.Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help,less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback,and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings.One place to start is shifting your focus of attention.Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner,be genuinely curious about them,ask them more questions,and really listen to their answers.The more you're zeroed in on the other person,and the less you're focused on yourself,the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think you didn't do well.
5.Why did the author carry out 10 years of research
To dismiss national concerns. To check out a potential bias.
To enhance human communication. To develop harmonious relationships.
6.What is one effect of people's liking gap
Fewer chances of new projects. Underestimation of their ability.
Bad relationships with people around. Low willingness to interact with others.
7.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
Restate opinions. Deliver warnings.
Give suggestions. Make a summary.
8.Which might be the best title for the text
Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
People Probably Like You More Than You Think
How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,共15分)
(2025·江西师大附中高三模拟)My work in cancer research was generating a lot of waste every day.As our research turned to full capacity,our waste production 　1　.
I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 　2　3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.She 　3　 me and then I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment.But after months of 　4　,the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.So it was a welcome 　5　 when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 　6　.
We created a group to push for greener ways to 　7　.We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.Over the following months,we 　8　 new recycling bins to each lab so that our plastic waste could be sorted 　9　.We created rules for each device to be energy-efficient.I'm still disappointed that I couldn't fully realize my 3D-printing 　10　.I am stubborn enough to keep trying.But I've also learned that if one approach isn't working,sometimes it's best to 　11　 and look for other solutions.I'm thankful that with the help of the 　12　 community around me,we are able to do that.
I encourage scientists everywhere to think about ways to reduce the 　13　 impact of their own research.The work we do is important.But we should also do our part to be as sustainable as we can.After all,what 　14　 does our science have if,ultimately,there remains no 　15　 planet we can call our home
1.returned declined
stabilized rocketed
2.creating buying
borrowing renting
3.suspected criticized
encouraged comforted
4.struggle discussion
training confusion
5.source relief
target success
6.distribution option
phase footprint
7.cure defend
operate negotiate
8.commented introduced
moved knocked
9.properly typically
naturally annually
10.recipe prevention
vision association
11.set off speak out
hold on step back
12.local academic
final new
13.fundamental historical
environmental financial
14.significance possibility
fortune depth
15.broad supportive
different particular
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2025·南京金陵中学高三模拟)Pan Yuzhen,a master of embroidery (刺绣),was embroidering flying butterflies and flowers with her back 1.　　　　　　　　　 a window,saying,“Foreigners are so fond of our embroidery products 2.　　　　　　　　　 they even line up just waiting to buy one for their families.I never 3.　　　　　　　　　 (think) the traditional skills handed down by my ancestors would become so 4.　　　　　　　　　 (market) abroad.”
“As you can see,Miao embroidery is not only the 5.　　　　　　　　　 (proud) of our Miao people,but that of our Chinese people,” Pan said,6.　　　　　　　　　 wants to pass her embroidery skills down to the younger generation,hoping that they can continue to promote the unique skills.Now,almost all families in Taijiang County together with Pan 7.　　　　　　　　　 (involve) in the Miao costume business.
Zhang Yanmei,Pan's daughter,having difficulty 8.　　　　　　　　　 (walk) like normal people,has taken over her mother's business and helped her run a clothing processing plant.Zhang also serves as the chairwoman of an association for the 9.　　　　　　　　　 (physical) disabled,helping them to grow special plants used for dyeing (给……染色) cloth and instructing some of them 10.　　　　　　　　　 (complete) Miao embroidery orders.Today,the Miao embroidery industry has become a major distinctive industry in Taijiang County.
A Para.1:fancy adj.精致的,花哨的;Para.2:source n.来源;Para.4:initially adv.起初; Para.5:dispassionately adv.冷静地
B Para.1:initial adj.最初的;Para.3:negative adj.负面的;systematically adv.系统地; underestimate v.低估;Para.4:interaction n.互动;feedback n.反馈;Para.5:strategy n.策略
A Para.6:simply　熟义:adv.简单地;生义:adv.仅仅
词 块 积 累 A Para.1:be proud of以……为荣;Para.3:complain about抱怨;next time下次
B Para.1:over time随着时间的推移;be stuck in被困在;Para.3:time and time again一次又一次; Para.4:far beyond远远超出;a variety of各种;be willing to愿意;Para.5:zero in on集中全部注意力于
长 难 句 式 A Para.3:They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn't read a thing I had written. [分析]　这是一个并列复合句。连词but连接两个并列句。在第一个并列句中定语从句I regularly sent修饰先行词postcards;在第二个并列句中they honestly couldn't read a thing作动词said的宾语;定语从句I had written修饰先行词thing。 [译文]　他们很感激我定期寄送的美丽的明信片,但他们说他们真的看不懂我写的任何话。
B Para.3:That is,people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them and enjoy their company—a false belief we call the“liking gap”. [分析]　这是一个复合句。how much引导从句作动词underestimate的宾语;破折号后的a false belief we call the“liking gap”作同位语解释前面的内容;定语从句we call the“liking gap”修饰先行词belief。 [译文]　也就是说,人们系统地低估了对话伙伴对他们的喜欢程度以及享受他们陪伴的程度——我们称之为“好感认知差距”的错误观念。
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 4
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自己的草书书法感到自豪。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美,但看不懂作者手写的明信片。所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变显示了传统书法的美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
1.A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The teacher was teaching...while extending their right foot.”可知,帕尔默书法的特点是线条大而流畅,故选A项。]
2.C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“But recently something happened...a thing I had written.”可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念,故选C项。]
3.A　[细节理解题。首先,锁定题干关键信息“switch to block letters for communication”;然后,利用定位法,回原文找到相关信息,即倒数第二段“So,from now on,I'm taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.”;最后,对号入座,题干中的switch to 在原文表述为using,题干中名词communication在原文中表述为动词communicate,故选A项。]
4.B　[文章大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Now it becomes apparent...a source of great sadness among traditionalists.”可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落,故选B项。]
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。
5.B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations...‘Were they deep in thought or deeply bored ’”以及第二段“To find out...nearly 10 years of research.”可知,作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见,故选B项。]
6.D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap...work on another project together.”可知,好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低,故选D项。]
7.C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies... you didn't do well.”可知,作者在最后一段给出了减少偏见的建议,故选C项。]
8.C　[标题归纳题。根据第三段“Time and time again...the ‘liking gap’.”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响,可知C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”是文章的最佳标题,故选C项。]
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在癌症研究工作中意识到研究产生的废物问题,之后采取了一些措施努力减少研究对环境造成的影响,并呼吁科学家们不要因为科学研究对地球造成伤害。
1.D　[根据上文“As our research turned to full capacity”和下文“I went to my adviser and suggested the idea of 　　　　3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste.”可知,作者的研究工作会产生废弃物,随着他们的研究全面展开,相应的废弃物会迅速增多,故选D项。]
2.A　[根据空后“3D-printed lab tools out of some of our waste”以及“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知,作者觉得研究中产生的废弃物太多,所以他找导师建议用这些废弃物打造实验室工具,故选A项。]
3.C　[根据空后“I secured funding to purchase recycling equipment”可知,作者的导师同意了他的建议,并鼓励了他,让他成功获得了购买回收设备的资金,故选C项。]
4.A　[根据空后“the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly”可知,虽然作者努力了几个月,但是这个项目并没有像他想象的那样进展顺利,故选A项。]
5.B　[根据空后“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 　　　　”可知,作者的方法并没有起作用,所以当同事们提出其他的方法时,作者感到松了一口气。“relief” 表示在困境中得到帮助或找到新方法的轻松感,故选B项。]
6.D　[根据空前“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental”可知,同事们也提出一些减少环境足迹的方法。“footprint”在此指的是研究活动对环境造成的影响,故选D项。]
7.C　[根据空后“We began meeting monthly to come up with solutions.”可知,作者的团队成立了一个小组,来改进实验室操作方式以减少对环境的影响,故选C项。]
8.B　[根据空后“new recycling bins to each lab”可知,作者的团队以更加绿色的方式来改进实验室的操作,所以此处应指他们引入了新的回收箱,故选B项。]
9.A　[根据上文“we 　　　　new recycling bins to each lab”可知,作者的实验室引入了新的回收箱,为了能够正确的给塑料废弃物分类,故选A项。]
10.C　[根据第二段中的“But after months of 　　　　,the project didn't go as I had imagined and progressed slowly.”可知,作者以前提出的3D打印的设想并没有实现,所以他感到非常的失望,故选C项。]
11.D　[根据空后“and look for other solutions”可知,作者的方法在努力之后依然行不通,所以他觉得有时候需要后退一步,寻找新的方法,故选D项。]
12.B　[根据上文“I'm thankful”可知,作者能够做到这些是因为其他的学术团体帮助了他。“academic community” 指的是科研领域内的同行和团队,故选B项。]
13.C　[根据第二段中的“when my co-workers brainstormed other ways to reduce our environmental 　　　　”可知,作者鼓励科学家们思考如何减少自己的研究对环境造成的影响,故选C项。]
14.A　[根据下文“if,ultimately,there remains no 　　　　planet we can call our home”可知,作者觉得如果地球遭到了破坏,那么科学研究就没有意义了,故选A项。]
15.B　[根据全文语境可知,如果地球遭到了破坏,不再是一个能支持生命存在、适合人类居住的可持续发展的星球,那么科学研究也没有了意义。supportive“给予帮助的,支持的”,故选B项。]
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了贵州台江县的苗绣非遗传承人潘玉珍如何带动全县制作苗绣,使苗绣产业蓬勃发展并走向世界的故事。
1.against　[考查介词。此处表示“背靠着窗户”,应用介词against“倚着,靠着”,故填against。]
2.that　[考查状语从句。外国人非常喜欢我们的刺绣产品,他们甚至会排队等待只为给家人买一件。此处为固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于……”,故填that。]
3.thought　[考查时态。根据宾语从句中的“would become”可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填thought。]
4.marketable　[考查词性转换。潘玉珍说她从没想过她的祖先传下来的传统技艺会在国外如此畅销。become为系动词,空处为表语且被副词so修饰,应用形容词,故填marketable。]
5.pride　[考查词性转换。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知,空处应用名词,故填pride。]
6.who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰表示人的先行词Pan,且从句缺少主语,故填who。]
7.are involved　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Now”可知,此处应用一般现在时;主语和involve“(使)参加,加入”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;主语是almost all families,不是Pan,谓语用复数形式,故填are involved。]
8.walking　[考查非谓语动词。此处考查have difficulty (in) doing sth“做某事有困难”这一固定搭配,故填walking。]
9.physically　[考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词disabled,应用副词,故填physically。]
10.to complete　[考查非谓语动词。instruct sb to do sth“指导某人做某事”是固定搭配,此处应用不定式,故填to complete。]

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