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Section Ⅴ　“Developing ideas”的新知学习环节
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．a devoted servant　　　　 一名忠诚的______
2．Captain Cook 库克________
3．put on a helmet 戴上________
4．crack a nut 破开________
5．the solar rays 太阳________
6.
7．an instrument which measures light intensity
　　　　　　　　　 测量光______的仪器
8．the residents of Westville 韦斯特维尔的______
二、重点单词——写其形
1.
2．run __________　　　　　 跑在前面
3．in the last __________ 在最后一章
4．on a flat __________ 在平坦的海滩上
5．__________ shoulders 宽阔的肩膀
6．__________ a pile of leaves　 在一堆树叶下面
7．adult __________ 成年雄性动物
三、活用单词——悉其变
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．permission: “v.＋-ssion”→n.
①emit→emission　　　　　 排放
②omit→omission 遗漏
③submit→submission 提交
④admit→admission 承认
2．deeply：“adv.＋-ly”→adv.
①wide充分地→widely广泛地
②high在高处→highly高度地
③close靠近→closely紧密地
④tight紧紧地→tightly紧紧地
五、高级词块——通其用
1．______________　　　　 掌管；负责
2．______________ 被……迷住
3．______________ 从……改编……
4．______________ 回忆
5．______________ 给某人留下印象
6．______________ 好像
7．______________ 在……远处
8．______________ 解释，是……的原因
9．______________ 在大白天
10．______________ 成群的
1．They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.他们一行人被抓了起来并带到潜水艇内，在那里他们遇见了尼摩船长。
★charge n．主管，负责；收费；指控v.收费；控告；充电
|用|法|感|知|
No charge will be made if you cancel within 10 days.
如果在10天以内取消，将不收费用。
She takes charge of the day-to-day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
While travelling, I had to charge up my digital camera every day as the battery ran out quickly.
在旅行时，每天我不得不给我的数码相机充电，因为电池很快就没电。
[归纳点拨]
(1)charge (sb.) for sth.　 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb.with sth. 指控某人某事
(2)in charge (of ...) 主管/看管/负责(……)
take charge of ... 负责/掌管……
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge 在某人的掌管之下
free of charge 免费　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①The tickets are free __________ charge.
②He charged me 10 dollars __________ fixing my smartphone.
③The driver was charged __________ speeding.
④Don't answer a cell phone while it ______________ (charge)．
(2)一句多译
格林先生负责这家工厂。
⑤This factory is ________________________.
⑥Mr Green __________________________.
⑦Mr Green is __________________________.
2．In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.
为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诫他的三位新乘客永远都不能离开这里。
★permit v．允许，准许，许可n.许可证
|用|法|感|知|
(“人物介绍”佳句)He didn't allow Sophie to go into his house and didn't permit her to play with his grandson Sam, who was two years old at the time.
他不允许苏菲进入他的房子，也不允许她和他两岁的孙子山姆玩耍。
(“动作描写”佳句)He said excitedly that working with others on such a big project has permitted him to look outward.
他激动地说，与他人一起完成这样一个大项目让他能够增长见识。
The company applied for a permit to export its products.
这家公司申请了出口产品的许可证。
[归纳点拨]
(1)permit sth.　　　　　 允许某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(2)permission n. 准许；许可；批准
without permission 未经许可　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①The rules of the club do not permit ________ (smoke)．
②When asked why he walked in without __________ (permit), he just stared at us and said nothing.
③Her parents didn't permit her __________ (go) to the concert by herself.
(2)一句多译
时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友在一起度过，以便于提升我们的友谊。
④________________， I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(条件状语从句)
⑤________________， I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构)
[联想发散]　动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的动词还有：
①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth. 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事
3．Words are not enough to relate such wonders!
那种奇遇是语言无法描述的！
★relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述
|用|法|感|知|
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
在脑海中，我发现很难将这两种想法联系起来。
(“动作描写”佳句)John related the story of his adventure with extravagant gestures.
约翰手舞足蹈地讲述了他的冒险之旅。
In Chinese culture, each year is related to an animal according to the 12-year-cycle.
在中国文化中，每年都与一种动物有关，按照12年的循环周期。
[归纳点拨]
(1)relate A and/with/to B　 把A与B联系起来
relate to 与……相关；涉及，谈到
(2)related adj. 有关系的，有关联的
be related to 与……有关
(3)relation n. 关系，联系
in relation with 与……有关；涉及
in relation to 关于　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①Researchers are trying to relate low exam results ________________ large class sizes.
②I have a lot to say in __________ (relate) to that problem.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly __________ (relate) to paper's physical properties.
4．The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power.
光线照亮了海面以下30英尺的土地，这股力量使我震惊。
★astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶
|用|法|感|知|
What astonished me was that he said he knew nothing about it.
让我吃惊的是他说他对此事一无所知。
(“场景描写”佳句)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样惊人的野生动物。
(“动作描写”佳句)She stood up quickly, giving a little cry of astonishment.
她迅速站了起来，惊叫了一声。
[归纳点拨]
(1)astonish sb. by ...　　　 ……使某人震惊
(2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 吃惊的
be astonished at 对……感到吃惊
(3)astonishment n. 惊讶
to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①But that's how nature is — always leaving us __________ (astonish)．
②It's __________ (astonish) that he's learned Latin in three months!
③To my __________ (astonish), I found her lying to me.
(2)替换加黑词汇
④What surprised/amazed me was that they finished the job ahead of schedule.__________
5．The solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
阳光轻易地穿透水层，并消除了所有的色彩，我能清晰地辨认出150码以内的物体。
★distinguish v．看清；认出
|用|法|感|知|
I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded nervous.
我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张不安。
The twins were so much alike that it was hard to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把双方区分开。
(“心理描写”佳句)I knew I was not a confident speaker, and the thought of presenting a summary in front of so many distinguished guests horrified me.
我知道我不是一个自信的演讲者，一想到要在这么多尊贵的客人面前做总结，我就感到恐惧。
[归纳点拨]
(1)distinguish between A and B 　　 辨别A和B
distinguish A from B 辨别A和B；把A和B区分开；
使A不同于B
(2)be distinguished from 与……不同
(3)distinguished adj. (外表或举止)高贵的；杰出的　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①We should distinguish __________ right and wrong.
②What was it that distinguished her ________ her classmates
③Dr.Daniel Schacter is a ______ (distinguish) psychologist and memory scientist.
(2)词汇升级
④Elephants are different from other animals by their long noses.__________
6．Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.
真的，环绕在我四周的水仿佛不过是一种气体，比地球的大气更稠密，却几乎一样透明。
★surround v．环绕，围绕
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”佳句)Surrounded by loud music and strange faces, I felt upset.
被吵闹的音乐和陌生的面孔包围着，我感到不安。
(“环境描写”佳句)Our new school is based in what was called “Rose Garden”， a place surrounded with green trees and colorful flowers all year round.
我们的新学校坐落在过去称为“玫瑰园”的地方，那里四季绿树鲜花环绕。
(“心理描写”佳句)I felt awkward and uncomfortable to be forced into unfamiliar surroundings.
被迫进入陌生的环境让我感到尴尬和不舒服。
[归纳点拨]
(1)surround ...with ... 用……把……围起来
be surrounded by 被……包围着；四周环绕着
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n． (pl.) 环境　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He likes to surround himself __________ amusing people.
②Go climbing to the top of the peak, and you will see all the __________ (surround) hills.
③The chameleon changes colour to match its __________ (surround)．
④I live in a remote area up in the hills, ____________________________________.
我住在山上的一个偏远地区，四周都是树林。
1．Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.
我和康塞尔一直挨得很近，近到好像能透过金属外壳听到彼此说话。
(1)as if (＝as though)引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(2)as if/though后既可跟陈述语气，又可跟虚拟语气。虚拟语气有三种形式：did (现在), had done (过去), would/might/could＋do (将来)。
(3)如果as if从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样就出现“as if＋名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词”结构。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He stopped driving and went out of his car as if __________ (find) several passers-by to ask the way.
②From time to time, Jason turned around as if __________ (search) for someone.
③It seems ____________________________________________.噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④她努力工作，仿佛从不知疲倦似的。
She works hard ______________________________________________.
⑤童年的每件事就像刚刚发生过似的涌上心头。
Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind ________________________________.
⑥女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
The girl left the room hurriedly ______________________.
2．Above me was the calm surface of the sea.
头顶上是平静的海面。
本句中，表示方位的介词短语above me置于句首，且主语是名词，句子使用了完全倒装结构。完全倒装句使用规则如下：
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词(短语)时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词(短语)，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
(4)当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①A village, where people live a peaceful life, lies in the valley.
→ ____________________________， where people live a peaceful life.
②The image of a heroic fighter flashed through his mind.
→Through his mind ______________________________________.
③My friend walked into the dark room, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
→________________________________________________， who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④泰山脚下坐落着一座美丽的现代城市——泰安。
At the foot of Mount Tai __________________________ — Tai'an.
⑤以下是我们在日常生活中为了保护环境应该做的事情。
______________________________ in our daily life in order to protect the environment.
⑥藏在门后的是几个调皮的孩子。
Hidden behind the door __________________________________.
课文缩写语法填空根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1866, a terrible sea creature ①__________ (see) by several ships. Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant joined a ship to find and kill it, ②__________ at last they found that it was ③__________ (actual) a submarine and they were captured. ④__________ (keep) the secret, they were taken inside it, ⑤__________ they experienced adventures in the new underwater world. In this part ⑥__________ (adapt) from a chapter of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of ⑦__________ (walk) on the sea bed ...
They saw many things outside the submarine that ⑧__________ (be) beautiful, so words were not enough to relate such wonders! The light, which lit the soil below the surface of the ocean, ⑨__________ (astonish) them. The solar rays were pretty. Surrounded by the sea, Aronnax felt it was another air ⑩__________ (heavy) than the Earth's atmosphere. Above him was the calm surface of the sea. He could see as if he was in broad daylight.
Section Ⅴ
课前词汇默写
一、1.仆人　2.船长　3.头盔　4.坚果　5.光　6.①地毯
②覆盖　7.强度　8.居民
二、1.①charge　②charge　③charge　④charge　⑤charged 　2.ahead　3.chapter　4.shore　5.broad　6.beneath　7.male
三、1.①permit　②permission　2.①fascinated　②fascinate　
3．①relate　②relations　③related　4.①astonish　②astonished
③astonishing　④astonishment　5.①consume　②consumption
6．①distinguish　②distinguished　7.①gradually　②gradual　8.①surround　②surrounding　9.①wrinkled　②wrinkles
10．①depth　②deep　③deeply
五、1.in charge　2.be fascinated by　3.adapt ...from ...
4．look back upon　5.leave an impression on/upon sb.　6.as if
7．at a distance of　8.account for　9.in broad daylight
10．schools of
核心词汇突破
1．①of　②for　③with　④is being charged
⑤in the charge of Mr Green　⑥takes charge of this factory　⑦in charge of this factory
2．①smoking　②permission　③to go　④If time permits
⑤Time permitting
3．①and/to/with　②relation　③related
4．①astonished　②astonishing　③astonishment　④astonished
5．①between　②from　③distinguished　④distinguished
6．①with　②surrounding　③surroundings
④(which is)surrounded by woods
重点句式解构
1．①to find　②searching
③as if/though the noise comes from downstairs
④as if she never knew tiredness
⑤as if they had just happened　⑥as if (she was) angry
2．①In the valley lies a village
②flashed the image of a heroic fighter
③Into the dark room walked my friend
④sits a beautiful modern city　⑤Below is what we should do
⑥were some naughty children
随堂融通训练
①was seen　②but　③actually　④To keep　⑤where
⑥adapted　⑦walking　⑧were　⑨astonished　⑩heavier(共104张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　“Developing ideas”
的新知学习环节
目 录
课前词汇默写
核心词汇突破
重点句式解构
课时跟踪检测
随堂融通训练
课前词汇默写
一、阅读单词——知其义
1．a devoted servant　　　 一名忠诚的_____
2．Captain Cook 库克_____
3．put on a helmet 戴上_____
4．crack a nut 破开_____
5．the solar rays 太阳___
仆人
船长
头盔
坚果
光
7．an instrument which measures light intensity
测量光_____的仪器
8．the residents of Westville 韦斯特维尔的______
地毯
覆盖
强度
居民
二、重点单词——写其形
charge
charge
charge
charge
charged
2．run ______　　　　　　 跑在前面
3．in the last ________ 在最后一章
4．on a flat ______ 在平坦的海滩上
5．______ shoulders 宽阔的肩膀
6．________ a pile of leaves 在一堆树叶下面
7．adult _____ 成年雄性动物
ahead
chapter
shore
broad
beneath
male
三、活用单词——悉其变
permit
permission
fascinated
fascinate
relate
relations
related
astonish
astonished
astonishing
astonishment
consume
consumption
distinguish
distinguished
gradually
gradual
surround
surrounding
wrinkled
wrinkles
depth
deep
deeply
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
1．permission: “v.＋-ssion”→n.　
①emit→emission　　　　　 排放
②omit→omission 遗漏
③submit→submission 提交
④admit→admission 承认
2．deeply：“adv.＋-ly”→adv.　
①wide充分地→widely广泛地
②high在高处→highly高度地
③close靠近→closely紧密地
④tight紧紧地→tightly紧紧地
五、高级词块——通其用
1．_______________　　　 掌管；负责
2．_______________ 被……迷住
3．_______________ 从……改编……
4．_______________ 回忆
5．_____________________________
给某人留下印象
in charge
be fascinated by
adapt ...from ...
look back upon
leave an impression on/upon sb.
6．________________ 好像
7．________________ 在……远处
8．________________ 解释，是……的原因
9．________________ 在大白天
10．_______________ 成群的
as if
at a distance of
account for
in broad daylight
schools of
核心词汇突破
1．They are captured and taken inside the submarine, where they meet the man in charge, Captain Nemo.
他们一行人被抓了起来并带到潜水艇内，在那里他们遇见了尼摩船长。
★charge n．主管，负责；收费；指控v.收费；控告；充电
|用|法|感|知|
No charge will be made if you cancel within 10 days.
如果在10天以内取消，将不收费用。
She takes charge of the day-to-day running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
While travelling, I had to charge up my digital camera every day as the battery ran out quickly.在旅行时，每天我不得不给我的数码相机充电，因为电池很快就没电。
[归纳点拨]
(1)charge (sb.) for sth.　 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb.with sth. 指控某人某事
(2)in charge (of ...) 主管/看管/负责(……)
take charge of ... 负责/掌管……
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge 在某人的掌管之下
free of charge 免费　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①The tickets are free ___ charge.
②He charged me 10 dollars ____ fixing my smartphone.
③The driver was charged _____ speeding.
④Don't answer a cell phone while it _______________ (charge)．
of
for
with
is being charged
(2)一句多译
格林先生负责这家工厂。
⑤This factory is ________________________.
⑥Mr Green _________________________.
⑦Mr Green is ______________________.
in the charge of Mr Green
takes charge of this factory
in charge of this factory
2．In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine.
为了保守这个秘密，尼摩船长告诫他的三位新乘客永远都不能离开这里。
★permit v．允许，准许，许可n.许可证
|用|法|感|知|
(“人物介绍”佳句)He didn't allow Sophie to go into his house and didn't permit her to play with his grandson Sam, who was two years old at the time.
他不允许苏菲进入他的房子，也不允许她和他两岁的孙子山姆玩耍。
(“动作描写”佳句)He said excitedly that working with others on such a big project has permitted him to look outward.
他激动地说，与他人一起完成这样一个大项目让他能够增长见识。
The company applied for a permit to export its products.
这家公司申请了出口产品的许可证。
[归纳点拨]
(1)permit sth.　　　　　 允许某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
(2)permission n. 准许；许可；批准
without permission 未经许可　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①The rules of the club do not permit _________ (smoke)．
②When asked why he walked in without ___________ (permit), he just stared at us and said nothing.
③Her parents didn't permit her ______ (go) to the concert by herself.
smoking
permission
to go
(2)一句多译
时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友在一起度过，以便于提升我们的友谊。
④_____________, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(条件状语从句)
⑤_______________, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship.(独立主格结构)
If time permits
Time permitting
[联想发散]　动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，有类似用法的动词还有：
①allow doing sth./sb. to do sth. 允许(某人)做某事
②forbid doing sth./sb. to do sth. 禁止(某人)做某事
③advise doing sth./sb. to do sth. 建议(某人)做某事
④encourage doing sth./sb. to do sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事
3．Words are not enough to relate such wonders!
那种奇遇是语言无法描述的！
★relate v．相联系，有关联；讲述
|用|法|感|知|
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
在脑海中，我发现很难将这两种想法联系起来。
(“动作描写”佳句)John related the story of his adventure with extravagant gestures.
约翰手舞足蹈地讲述了他的冒险之旅。
In Chinese culture, each year is related to an animal according to the 12-year-cycle.
在中国文化中，每年都与一种动物有关，按照12年的循环周期。
[归纳点拨]
(1)relate A and/with/to B　 把A与B联系起来
relate to 与……相关；涉及，谈到
(2)related adj. 有关系的，有关联的
be related to 与……有关
(3)relation n. 关系，联系
in relation with 与……有关；涉及
in relation to 关于　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①Researchers are trying to relate low exam results _____________ large class sizes.
②I have a lot to say in ________ (relate) to that problem.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly _______ (relate) to paper's physical properties.
and/to/with
relation
related
4．The light, which lit the soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean, astonished me by its power.
光线照亮了海面以下30英尺的土地，这股力量使我震惊。
★astonish v．使吃惊，使惊讶
|用|法|感|知|
What astonished me was that he said he knew nothing about it.
让我吃惊的是他说他对此事一无所知。
(“场景描写”佳句)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样惊人的野生动物。
(“动作描写”佳句)She stood up quickly, giving a little cry of astonishment.
她迅速站了起来，惊叫了一声。
[归纳点拨]
(1)astonish sb. by ...　　　 ……使某人震惊
(2)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
astonished adj. 吃惊的
be astonished at 对……感到吃惊
(3)astonishment n. 惊讶
to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____________ (astonish)．
②It's ___________ (astonish) that he's learned Latin in three months!
③To my ____________ (astonish), I found her lying to me.
astonished
astonishing
astonishment
(2)替换加蓝词汇
④What surprised/amazed me was that they finished the job ahead of schedule. ___________
astonished
5．The solar rays shone through the watery mass easily, and consumed all colour, and I clearly distinguished objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
阳光轻易地穿透水层，并消除了所有的色彩，我能清晰地辨认出150码以内的物体。
★distinguish v．看清；认出
|用|法|感|知|
I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded nervous.
我听不清她说的话，但听得出她很紧张不安。
The twins were so much alike that it was hard to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难把双方区分开。
(“心理描写”佳句)I knew I was not a confident speaker, and the thought of presenting a summary in front of so many distinguished guests horrified me.
我知道我不是一个自信的演讲者，一想到要在这么多尊贵的客人面前做总结，我就感到恐惧。
[归纳点拨]
(1)distinguish between A and B 辨别A和B
distinguish A from B辨别A和B；把A和B区分开；使A不同于B
(2)be distinguished from 与……不同
(3)distinguished adj. (外表或举止)高贵的；杰出的　　
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①We should distinguish __________ right and wrong.
②What was it that distinguished her ______ her classmates
③Dr.Daniel Schacter is a ____________ (distinguish) psychologist and memory scientist.
between
from
distinguished
(2)词汇升级
④Elephants are different from other animals by their long noses. ____________
distinguished
6．Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.
真的，环绕在我四周的水仿佛不过是一种气体，比地球的大气更稠密，却几乎一样透明。
★surround v．环绕，围绕
|用|法|感|知|
(“心理描写”佳句)Surrounded by loud music and strange faces, I felt upset.
被吵闹的音乐和陌生的面孔包围着，我感到不安。
(“环境描写”佳句)Our new school is based in what was called “Rose Garden”， a place surrounded with green trees and colorful flowers all year round.我们的新学校坐落在过去称为“玫瑰园”的地方，那里四季绿树鲜花环绕。
(“心理描写”佳句)I felt awkward and uncomfortable to be forced into unfamiliar surroundings.
被迫进入陌生的环境让我感到尴尬和不舒服。
[归纳点拨]
(1)surround ...with ... 用……把……围起来
be surrounded by 被……包围着；四周环绕着
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
(3)surroundings n． (pl.) 环境　　
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He likes to surround himself _____ amusing people.
②Go climbing to the top of the peak, and you will see all the ____________ (surround) hills.
with
surrounding
③The chameleon changes colour to match its ______________ (surround)．
④I live in a remote area up in the hills, ______________________
______.
我住在山上的一个偏远地区，四周都是树林。
surroundings
(which is)surrounded by
woods
重点句式解构
1．Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases.
我和康塞尔一直挨得很近，近到好像能透过金属外壳听到彼此说话。
(1)as if (＝as though)引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(2)as if/though后既可跟陈述语气，又可跟虚拟语气。虚拟语气有三种形式：did (现在), had done (过去), would/might/could＋do (将来)。
(3)如果as if从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，这样就出现“as if＋名词/不定式/形容词(短语)/介词短语/分词”结构。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He stopped driving and went out of his car as if ______ (find) several passers-by to ask the way.
to find
②From time to time, Jason turned around as if ___________ (search) for someone.
③It seems _______________________________________.
噪声似乎是从楼下传来的。
searching
as if/though the noise comes from downstairs
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④她努力工作，仿佛从不知疲倦似的。
She works hard ___________________________.
⑤童年的每件事就像刚刚发生过似的涌上心头。
Everything in my childhood crowded into my mind ____________
_____________.
⑥女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。
The girl left the room hurriedly ___________________.
as if she never knew tiredness
as if they had
just happened
as if (she was) angry
2．Above me was the calm surface of the sea.
头顶上是平静的海面。
本句中，表示方位的介词短语above me置于句首，且主语是名词，句子使用了完全倒装结构。完全倒装句使用规则如下：
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词(短语)时，为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词(短语)，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
(4)当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①A village, where people live a peaceful life, lies in the valley.
→______________________, where people live a peaceful life.
②The image of a heroic fighter flashed through his mind.
→Through his mind ________________________________.
In the valley lies a village
flashed the image of a heroic fighter
③My friend walked into the dark room, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
→________________________________, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.
Into the dark room walked my friend
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④泰山脚下坐落着一座美丽的现代城市——泰安。
At the foot of Mount Tai __________________________ — Tai'an.
⑤以下是我们在日常生活中为了保护环境应该做的事情。
_________________________ in our daily life in order to protect the environment.
sits a beautiful modern city
Below is what we should do
⑥藏在门后的是几个调皮的孩子。
Hidden behind the door ___________________________.
were some naughty children
随堂融通训练
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1866,a terrible sea creature ①_______ (see) by several ships. Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax and his servant joined a ship to find and kill it, ②____ at last they found that it was ③_______ (actual) a submarine and they were captured.④________ (keep) the secret, they were taken inside it, ⑤______ they experienced adventures in the new underwater world. In this part ⑥________ (adapt) from a chapter of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of ⑦________ (walk) on the sea bed ...
was seen
but
actually
To keep
where
adapted
walking
They saw many things outside the submarine that ⑧_____ (be) beautiful, so words were not enough to relate such wonders! The light, which lit the soil below the surface of the ocean, ⑨__________ (astonish) them. The solar rays were pretty. Surrounded by the sea, Aronnax felt it was another air ⑩_______ (heavy) than the Earth's atmosphere. Above him was the calm surface of the sea. He could see as if he was in broad daylight.
were
astonished
heavier
课时跟踪检测
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the _________ (居民) are in favor of the proposal, considering it a good measure.
2．This course ________ (允许) students to have lessons at any time.
3．It __________ (使惊讶) me that no one has thought of this before.
residents
permits
astonishes
4．My mother tries to take _______ (负责) of everything in our shop.
5．Now he has got a ________ (有皱纹的) face and white hair because of too much hard work.
6．The contents of articles you hand in should closely _______ (与……有关) to the school life.
charge
wrinkled
relate
7．Therefore, the more petrol we ________ (消耗), the more carbon dioxide we will let off.
8．The Senior 3 student sat at her desk, _____________ (围绕) by books and papers.
consume
surrounded
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The shopping mall is full of ___________ (consume) every day.
2．The explosion was of such ________ (intense) that it was heard five miles away.
3．Students are not permitted _________ (bring) mobile phones to school.
4．Mount Tai is ____________ (distinguish) for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture.
consumers
intensity
to bring
distinguished
5．In my opinion, there is no ________ (relate) between the so-called lucky number and luck.
6．To our ______________ (astonish), some people break traffic rules regardless of their own safety.
7．Cinemas have _________ (gradual) given way to the rise of the Internet and cell phones.
relation
astonishment
gradually
8．The city is taking on a new look with high buildings, wide roads and better _____________ (surround)．
9．In front of our school is a river of about two feet in ______ (deep)．
10．The question is whether technology is our ________ (serve) or our master.
surroundings
depth
servant
Ⅲ.选词填空
in broad daylight， in charge of， be fascinated by， account for， adapt ... from， look back upon， as if， schools of
1.The manager who is ____________ the new supermarket is strict with the employees.
in charge of
2．My computer is so slow that it looks ______ there were some problems with it.
3．He asked how the men could break into the house with guards at the door ________________.
4．Sometimes we can see _________ fish swimming in the river.
5．I _________________ her appealing voice.
as if
in broad daylight
schools of
was fascinated by
6．In modern man, the brain ____________ about 2%－3% of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
7．The movie _____________ a novel is well received by people.
8．Perhaps some day it will be pleasant to ______________ these days.
accounts for
adapted from
look back upon
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．________________________________, long-term anger may indicate a deeper issue that requires attention .
虽然偶尔的愤怒是正常的，但长期的愤怒可能意味着需要关注更深层次的问题。
While occasional anger is normal
2．The bus had driven away in the distance so she felt _________
____________________________.
公共汽车已经走远了，所以她觉得好像再也找不到回去的路了。
3．In front of my house ________________ with a history of 1,000 years.
我家门前有一棵千年古树。
as if she
would never find her way back
stands a tall tree
4．You should remember to protect yourself _________________.
你应该记着在运动时保护自己。
5．The central attraction of the route is the red-and-white train station, ________________________.
这条线路的中心景点是建于1926年的红白相间的火车站。
while doing sports
(which was) built in 1926
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Hunter Leininger, from Georgia, the USA has been adventure racing (探险速度赛) since he was seven years old. Now, at 19, he has set world records, traveled around the globe, and 1 over 50 races! And he is now on a mission to 2 other young people to follow their own 3 .
Hunter became interested in adventure racing through his dad. While playing football, Hunter was looking to 4 something new.He asked his dad if he could 5 him in an adventure race, and he went on to complete his first race in about 6 hours.
He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing. There can be a lot of 6 in a race, but if you drop out, your whole team will have to 7 . This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be 8 by another player. In racing, and in his life, the sport has 9 Hunter to keep going when times get 10 .
As reported by the USARA, Hunter wants to inspire young people that they can 11 incredible things at whatever 12 and that they don't have to 13 until they get older. 14 people put off their dreams at a young age, they tend to never come back to them, which 15 them never accomplishing anything. The best time to do something is now, so go after your dreams before it's too late!
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了19岁的亨特·莱宁格已经创造了世界纪录。探险速度赛让他学会了坚持不懈的精神。他激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想，在任何年龄都能实现不可思议的事情。
1．A.missed　　　　 B．reported
C．organized D．completed
解析：根据“he has set world records, traveled around the globe”可知，他完成了50多场比赛。
√
2．A.inspire B．invite
C．advise D．order
解析：根据“he is now on a mission”和最后一段“to inspire young people that they can ...”可知，他现在的使命是激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想。短语inspire sb.to do sth. “激励某人做某事”。
√
3．A.interests B．dreams
C．paths D．rhythms
解析：根据下文“Hunter became interested in adventure racing through his dad.”可知，这是他的梦想，所以此处是激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想。
√
4．A. try B．discover
C．create D．share
解析：根据“something new”可知，亨特想尝试一些新事物。
√
5．A.help B．meet
C．accompany D．join
解析：根据“in an adventure race”和“complete his first race”可知，他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加冒险比赛。
√
6．A.fun B．harm
C．pain D．cooperation
解析：根据“but if you drop out”可知，比赛中可能会有很多痛苦。
√
7．A.restart B．stop
C．change D．struggle
解析：根据下文“This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be by another player.”可知，如果你退出比赛，你的整个团队将不得不停止。
√
8．A.replaced B．supported
C．encouraged D．caught
解析：根据“by another player”可知，是由另一名运动员取代。
√
9．A.required B．forced
C．attracted D．taught
解析：根据“to keep going”可知，这项运动教会了亨特坚持下去。
√
10．A.better B．tougher
C．special D．strange
解析：根据上文“He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing.”可知，是在困难时期坚持下去。
√
11．A.accept B．imagine
C．choose D．achieve
解析：根据“incredible things”可知，实现不可思议的事情。
√
12．A.age B．level
C．degree D．status
解析：根据“they don't have to until they get older”可知，亨特希望激励年轻人可以在任何年龄实现不可思议的事情。
√
13．A.wait B．practice
C．perform D．compete
解析：根据“until they get older”和下文“people put off their dreams at a young age”可知，是不必等到自己变老。
√
14．A.Unless B．Although
C．Once D．Because
解析：根据“they tend to never come back to them”可知，一旦人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想，他们往往就不会再去实现它。
√
15．A.avoids B．prevents
C．results in D．objects to
解析：根据“never accomplishing anything”可知，人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想导致他们永远无法完成任何事情。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
Kanas Valley is the lake area that 1 (locate) in the Altai Mountains, on the very 2 (north) tip of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. We traveled north and 3 temperature changed from the extreme heat to icy cold. We stayed at Kanas for three nights and we spent the first night at the Hemu house 4 colorful wild flowers were growing all around. We found long,
heavy green coats in our closet ready for morning walks. Due to the high altitude (海拔), the sky lit up 5 the sun rose in the mountains. On our way back to breakfast, we saw the sun rising at the top of the mountain and in just a second it rose to show 6 (it) full face. We spent the next two nights at the Kanas Hotel. At night, if you look up at the dark sky 7 (light) by very bright stars, you will feel the power of the universe. 8 (get) a better view of the Kanas Lake,
we climbed more than 1,000 9 (step) up the Guanyu Pavilion. We spent the last day 10 (drive) down the winding mountain road, taking a closer look at the Wolong Bay and the Moon Bay.What a wonderful trip!
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者一行人到喀纳斯河谷旅行的经历。
1．is located　考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是一般事实，所以应用一般现在时；that指代the lake area，“be located in”表示“位于”，故填is located。
2．northern　考查形容词。根据空前的副词very以及空后的名词tip可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词tip。
3．the　考查冠词。此处特指这一地区的温度的变化，应用定冠词。
4．where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Hemu house，并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。
5．before　考查连词。根据语境及常识可知，由于海拔高，在太阳升起之前天就亮了，故应填连词before。
6．its　考查代词。不一会儿，太阳就升了起来，露出了它的全貌。此处用形容词性物主代词its，指代“太阳的”。
7．lit　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰the dark sky，被修饰的名词短语是light所表示的动作的承受者，所以用过去分词作定语。
8．To get　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式作状语。
9．steps　考查名词复数。此处step是可数名词，根据空前的more than 1,000可知，此处用step的复数形式。
10．driving　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填driving。UNIT 5　课时检测(五)　“Developing ideas”的新知学习环节
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All the __________ (居民) are in favor of the proposal, considering it a good measure.
2．This course __________ (允许) students to have lessons at any time.
3．It __________ (使惊讶) me that no one has thought of this before.
4．My mother tries to take __________ (负责) of everything in our shop.
5．Now he has got a __________ (有皱纹的) face and white hair because of too much hard work.
6．The contents of articles you hand in should closely __________ (与……有关) to the school life.
7．Therefore, the more petrol we __________ (消耗), the more carbon dioxide we will let off.
8．The Senior 3 student sat at her desk, __________ (围绕) by books and papers.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The shopping mall is full of __________ (consume) every day.
2．The explosion was of such __________ (intense) that it was heard five miles away.
3．Students are not permitted __________ (bring) mobile phones to school.
4．Mount Tai is __________ (distinguish) for its beautiful sights as well as rich culture.
5．In my opinion, there is no __________ (relate) between the so-called lucky number and luck.
6．To our __________ (astonish), some people break traffic rules regardless of their own safety.
7．Cinemas have __________ (gradual) given way to the rise of the Internet and cell phones.
8．The city is taking on a new look with high buildings, wide roads and better __________ (surround)．
9．In front of our school is a river of about two feet in __________ (deep)．
10．The question is whether technology is our ________ (serve) or our master.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in broad daylight， in charge of， be fascinated by， account for， adapt ... from， look back upon， as if， schools of
1.The manager who is ______________ the new supermarket is strict with the employees.
2．My computer is so slow that it looks __________ there were some problems with it.
3．He asked how the men could break into the house with guards at the door ______________.
4．Sometimes we can see ______________ fish swimming in the river.
5．I ______________ her appealing voice.
6．In modern man, the brain ______________ about 2%－3% of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest.
7．The movie ______________ a novel is well received by people.
8．Perhaps some day it will be pleasant to ________ these days.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．________________________________， long-term anger may indicate a deeper issue that requires attention .
虽然偶尔的愤怒是正常的，但长期的愤怒可能意味着需要关注更深层次的问题。
2．The bus had driven away in the distance so she felt ______________________________.
公共汽车已经走远了，所以她觉得好像再也找不到回去的路了。
3．In front of my house ____________________ with a history of 1,000 years.
我家门前有一棵千年古树。
4．You should remember to protect yourself __________________________.
你应该记着在运动时保护自己。
5．The central attraction of the route is the red-and-white train station, ________________________.
这条线路的中心景点是建于1926年的红白相间的火车站。
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
Hunter Leininger, from Georgia, the USA has been adventure racing (探险速度赛) since he was seven years old. Now, at 19, he has set world records, traveled around the globe, and __1__ over 50 races! And he is now on a mission to __2__ other young people to follow their own __3__.
Hunter became interested in adventure racing through his dad. While playing football, Hunter was looking to __4__ something new.He asked his dad if he could __5__ him in an adventure race, and he went on to complete his first race in about 6 hours.
He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing. There can be a lot of __6__ in a race, but if you drop out, your whole team will have to __7__. This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be __8__ by another player. In racing, and in his life, the sport has __9__ Hunter to keep going when times get __10__.
As reported by the USARA, Hunter wants to inspire young people that they can __11__ incredible things at whatever __12__ and that they don't have to __13__ until they get older. __14__ people put off their dreams at a young age, they tend to never come back to them, which __15__ them never accomplishing anything. The best time to do something is now, so go after your dreams before it's too late!
1．A.missed　　　　　　 B．reported
C．organized D．completed
2．A.inspire B．invite
C．advise D．order
3．A.interests B．dreams
C．paths D．rhythms
4．A.try B．discover
C．create D．share
5．A.help B．meet
C．accompany D．join
6．A.fun B．harm
C．pain D．cooperation
7．A.restart B．stop
C．change D．struggle
8．A.replaced B．supported
C．encouraged D．caught
9．A.required B．forced
C．attracted D．taught
10．A.better B．tougher
C．special D．strange
11．A.accept B．imagine
C．choose D．achieve
12．A.age B．level
C．degree D．status
13．A.wait B．practice
C．perform D．compete
14．A.Unless B．Although
C．Once D．Because
15．A.avoids B．prevents
C．results in D．objects to
Ⅱ.语法填空
Kanas Valley is the lake area that __1__ (locate) in the Altai Mountains, on the very __2__ (north) tip of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. We traveled north and __3__ temperature changed from the extreme heat to icy cold. We stayed at Kanas for three nights and we spent the first night at the Hemu house __4__ colorful wild flowers were growing all around. We found long, heavy green coats in our closet ready for morning walks. Due to the high altitude (海拔), the sky lit up __5__ the sun rose in the mountains. On our way back to breakfast, we saw the sun rising at the top of the mountain and in just a second it rose to show __6__ (it) full face. We spent the next two nights at the Kanas Hotel. At night, if you look up at the dark sky __7__ (light) by very bright stars, you will feel the power of the universe. __8__ (get) a better view of the Kanas Lake, we climbed more than 1,000 __9__ (step) up the Guanyu Pavilion. We spent the last day __10__ (drive) down the winding mountain road, taking a closer look at the Wolong Bay and the Moon Bay.What a wonderful trip!
UNIT 5　课时检测(五)
[语言基础训练]
Ⅰ.1.residents　2.permits　3.astonishes　4.charge
5．wrinkled　6.relate　7.consume　8.surrounded
Ⅱ.1.consumers　2.intensity　3.to bring　4.distinguished
5．relation　6.astonishment　7.gradually　8.surroundings　9.depth　10.servant
Ⅲ.1.in charge of　2.as if　3.in broad daylight　4.schools of
5．was fascinated by　6.accounts for　7.adapted from
8．look back upon
Ⅳ.1.While occasional anger is normal
2．as if she would never find her way back　3.stands a tall tree
4．while doing sports　5.(which was) built in 1926
[语篇综合训练]
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了19岁的亨特·莱宁格已经创造了世界纪录。探险速度赛让他学会了坚持不懈的精神。他激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想，在任何年龄都能实现不可思议的事情。
1．选D　根据“he has set world records, traveled around the globe”可知，他完成了50多场比赛。
2．选A　根据“he is now on a mission”和最后一段“to inspire young people that they can ...”可知，他现在的使命是激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想。短语inspire sb.to do sth. “激励某人做某事”。
3．选B　根据下文“Hunter became interested in adventure racing through his dad.”可知，这是他的梦想，所以此处是激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想。
4．选A　根据“something new”可知，亨特想尝试一些新事物。
5．选D　根据“in an adventure race”和“complete his first race”可知，他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加冒险比赛。
6．选C　根据“but if you drop out”可知，比赛中可能会有很多痛苦。
7．选B　根据下文“This is unlike other team sports, where you can stop and be ________ by another player.”可知，如果你退出比赛，你的整个团队将不得不停止。
8．选A　根据“by another player”可知，是由另一名运动员取代。
9．选D　根据“to keep going”可知，这项运动教会了亨特坚持下去。
10．选B　根据上文“He has learned a lot of perseverance through adventure racing.”可知，是在困难时期坚持下去。
11．选D　根据“incredible things”可知，实现不可思议的事情。
12．选A　根据“they don't have to ________ until they get older”可知，亨特希望激励年轻人可以在任何年龄实现不可思议的事情。
13．选A　根据“until they get older”和下文“people put off their dreams at a young age”可知，是不必等到自己变老。
14．选C　根据“they tend to never come back to them”可知，一旦人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想，他们往往就不会再去实现它。
15．选C　根据“never accomplishing anything”可知，人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想导致他们永远无法完成任何事情。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者一行人到喀纳斯河谷旅行的经历。
1．is located　考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是一般事实，所以应用一般现在时；that指代the lake area，“be located in”表示“位于”，故填is located。
2．northern　考查形容词。根据空前的副词very以及空后的名词tip可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词tip。
3．the　考查冠词。此处特指这一地区的温度的变化，应用定冠词。
4．where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Hemu house，并在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。
5．before　考查连词。根据语境及常识可知，由于海拔高，在太阳升起之前天就亮了，故应填连词before。
6．its　考查代词。不一会儿，太阳就升了起来，露出了它的全貌。此处用形容词性物主代词its，指代“太阳的”。
7．lit　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰the dark sky，被修饰的名词短语是light所表示的动作的承受者，所以用过去分词作定语。
8．To get　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示目的，故用动词不定式作状语。
9．steps　考查名词复数。此处step是可数名词，根据空前的more than 1,000可知，此处用step的复数形式。
10．driving　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。故填driving。

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