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Section Ⅳ　“Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
What is the main purpose of the passage？(　　)
A．To introduce a terrible creature seen under the sea.
B．To introduce three people's adventures under the sea.
C．To introduce the French writer Jules Verne and his novels.
D．To introduce the dangers the three people met under the sea.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．The terrible creature seen by Pierre and Conseil is actually a ________.(　　)
A．submarine　　　　 B．whale
C．grey seal D．terrible shark
2．Why didn't Captain Nemo permit the three passengers to leave the submarine？(　　)
A．To make friends with them.
B．To keep the secret of the submarine.
C．To make them work for him.
D．To make them walk on the sea bed.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？(　　)
A．The three people fall into the sea due to the storm.
B．The three people are all fascinated by their adventures under the sea.
C．Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax enjoys himself while under the sea.
D．Captain Nemo treats the three people badly while under the sea.
4．What does “that” refer to in the sentence “Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue ...”？(　　)
A．The soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean.
B．Thirty feet below the surface of the ocean.
C．Objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
D．A distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
[Tip]
如何准确定位代词指代的对象
(1)“就近”判断原则。代词指代的通常是距离最近的名词，且代词指代的内容只会出现在上文而不会在下文。由此可排除A、B两项。
(2)单复数原则。代词有单复数之分，单数性质的代词指代的一定是单数名词，复数性质的代词指代的一定是复数名词。由此可排除本题中的C项。　　　　
5．We learn from the last paragraph that ______.(　　)
A．Aronnax was astonished at the power of the light
B．Aronnax couldn't distinguish objects under the sea
C．Aronnax felt uncomfortable while under the sea
D．Aronnax felt very lonely while travelling under the sea
(二)阅读表达
1．What does the author mean by “Words are not enough to relate such wonders！”？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2．What do you think will happen next in the story？(The answers are various.)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3．If there is a chance, would you like to dive Why？(The answers are various.)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文改写自科幻小说《海底两万里》。小说是以刻画人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写反映社会生活的一种文学体裁，主要由三要素构成：人物形象、故事情节、典型环境。西方小说尤其注重通过人物的内心活动来塑造人物形象。如本文通过对阿龙纳斯内心活动的描写，描述了光怪陆离的海底世界。
小说主要是通过故事情节来展现人物性格、表现故事中心。小说情节一般分为开端、发展、高潮、结局四部分。读文时可先概括各自然段的段意，将概括的内容按开端、发展、高潮、结局切分，进而梳理出小说的情节。
小说的环境描写与人物形象的塑造和主题的表达都有极其重要的关系，包括自然环境描写和社会环境描写。本文的节选部分主要集中在自然环境描写。
(一)赏用词之妙
1．While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine.
赏析：本句中的attacking, fall into, discover描述了从“发起攻击”到“落海”到“发现真相”这一连串的动作，使描写具有画面感，使人物形象更立体化。最后使用了actually突出真相，表示“事实上前面提到的可怕的海洋生物不是生物而是一艘潜水艇”。actually表示“实际上，事实上”，相当于really, in fact, as a matter of fact。
2．Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared.
赏析：darken意为“(使)变暗”，fine shades此处指细微的色度变化，强调水下光线的细腻质感，gradually修饰disappeared，呈现了动态的渐变过程，增添了表达的生动性。
①In the forest, I ______________________.At first, I was at a loss but __________ my eyes adapted to the dark and then I began to look for the exit.At last, ____________________ and managed to go out.
在森林里，我掉进了一个深深的洞穴里。起初，我不知所措，但渐渐地，我的眼睛适应了黑暗，然后我开始寻找洞口。最后，我发现了它并设法出去了。
②The sky ______ and a few drops of rain fell.
天变暗了，下了几滴雨。
(二)赏句式之高
1．Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.
赏析：本句描述了主人公对水的感受，在语言表达上运用了两种比较方式，前面用“形容词比较级＋than”的结构，后面用“as＋形容词＋as”同级比较结构(省略了后一个as)。
2．Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight
赏析：本句运用了when引导的时间状语从句及as if引导的方式状语从句来描写主人公在海底的情形，as if从句中虚拟语气的使用描述了一种本不可能成真的现象。
①I feel much _______________________________ I felt this morning.我感觉现在比早上有信心多了。
②________________________ into the countryside in the summer sunshine, I felt ________________________.当他们在夏日的阳光下出发去乡下时，我感觉我好像还是和他们在一起。　　
(三)赏修辞之功
1．I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
赏析：本句中使用了like a nut in its shell来形象地比喻水下漫步时“我”头戴厚重的头盔的样子。like作为介词，表示“像”，经常用于比喻句中。此处运用了比喻中的明喻。明喻是直接在句子中使用like, as, as ...as ...等表示“像”的词语，来明确地比喻和描述。
2．This dazzling carpet, really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid.
赏析：本句是对海底光线变化的描述。作者运用了比喻中的隐喻的修辞手法，将水底沙床比作carpet (地毯)，进而又将它比喻为reflector (反射物)。隐喻的修辞手法营造出强烈的画面感，这正是文学语言给读者带来的独特体验和感受。
①________________________， he had a sense of freedom.
跑得快如风时，他有一种自由的感觉。
②His words became __________ for his life.
他的话成了他生活的指南针。
　　　 Section Ⅳ
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①Background　②walked　③saw
(二)B
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1.A　2.B　3.C　4.D　5.A
(二)1.The author means that the views underwater are so beautiful and such experience is so unique that he can't find enough and proper words to describe them.
2．I think there are some accidents they will meet, describing some hard conditions.
3．Yes, because I would like to appreciate the beautiful views underwater.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①fell into a deep cave; gradually; I discovered it　②darkened
(二)①more confident now than
②When they set off; as if I were still with them
(三)①Running like the wind　②a compass(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　“Developing ideas”
的课文习读环节
目 录
课文阅读理解
课文写法借鉴
课时跟踪检测
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To introduce a terrible creature seen under the sea.
B．To introduce three people's adventures under the sea.
C．To introduce the French writer Jules Verne and his novels.
D．To introduce the dangers the three people met under the sea.
√
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．The terrible creature seen by Pierre and Conseil is actually a .
A．submarine　　　　　 B．whale
C．grey seal D．terrible shark
√
2．Why didn't Captain Nemo permit the three passengers to leave the submarine
A．To make friends with them.
B．To keep the secret of the submarine.
C．To make them work for him.
D．To make them walk on the sea bed.
√
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The three people fall into the sea due to the storm.
B．The three people are all fascinated by their adventures under the sea.
C．Biologist Professor Pierre Aronnax enjoys himself while under the sea.
D．Captain Nemo treats the three people badly while under the sea.
√
4．What does “that” refer to in the sentence “Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue ...”？
A．The soil thirty feet below the surface of the ocean.
B．Thirty feet below the surface of the ocean.
C．Objects at a distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
D．A distance of a hundred and fifty yards.
√
[Tip]
如何准确定位代词指代的对象
(1)“就近”判断原则。代词指代的通常是距离最近的名词，且代词指代的内容只会出现在上文而不会在下文。由此可排除A、B两项。
(2)单复数原则。代词有单复数之分，单数性质的代词指代的一定是单数名词，复数性质的代词指代的一定是复数名词。由此可排除本题中的C项。　　　　
5．We learn from the last paragraph that .
A．Aronnax was astonished at the power of the light
B．Aronnax couldn't distinguish objects under the sea
C．Aronnax felt uncomfortable while under the sea
D．Aronnax felt very lonely while travelling under the sea
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What does the author mean by “Words are not enough to relate such wonders！”？
The author means that the views underwater are so beautiful and such experience is so unique that he can't find enough and proper words to describe them.
2．What do you think will happen next in the story？(The answers are various.)
I think there are some accidents they will meet, describing some hard conditions.
3．If there is a chance, would you like to dive Why？(The answers are various.)
Yes, because I would like to appreciate the beautiful views underwater.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文改写自科幻小说《海底两万里》。小说是以刻画人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节和具体的环境描写反映社会生活的一种文学体裁，主要由三要素构成：人物形象、故事情节、典型环境。西方小说尤其注重通过人物的内心活动来塑造人物形象。如本文通过对阿龙纳斯内心活动的描写，描述了光怪陆离的海底世界。
小说主要是通过故事情节来展现人物性格、表现故事中心。小说情节一般分为开端、发展、高潮、结局四部分。读文时可先概括各自然段的段意，将概括的内容按开端、发展、高潮、结局切分，进而梳理出小说的情节。
小说的环境描写与人物形象的塑造和主题的表达都有极其重要的关系，包括自然环境描写和社会环境描写。本文的节选部分主要集中在自然环境描写。
课文写法借鉴
(一)赏用词之妙
1．While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, along with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine.
赏析：本句中的attacking, fall into, discover描述了从“发起攻击”到“落海”到“发现真相”这一连串的动作，使描写具有画面感，使人物形象更立体化。最后使用了actually突出真相，表示“事实上前面提到的可怕的海洋生物不是生物而是一艘潜水艇”。actually表示“实际上，事实上”，相当于really, in fact, as a matter of fact。
2．Beyond that the colours darkened into fine shades of deep blue, and gradually disappeared.
赏析：darken意为“(使)变暗”，fine shades此处指细微的色度变化，强调水下光线的细腻质感，gradually修饰disappeared，呈现了动态的渐变过程，增添了表达的生动性。
[提能训练|完成句子]
①In the forest, I __________________.At first, I was at a loss but __________ my eyes adapted to the dark and then I began to look for the exit.At last, ______________ and managed to go out.
在森林里，我掉进了一个深深的洞穴里。起初，我不知所措，但渐渐地，我的眼睛适应了黑暗，然后我开始寻找洞口。最后，我发现了它并设法出去了。
fell into a deep cave
gradually
I discovered it
②The sky __________ and a few drops of rain fell.
天变暗了，下了几滴雨。
darkened
(二)赏句式之高
1．Truly this water which surrounded me was but another air heavier than the Earth's atmosphere, but almost as clear.
赏析：本句描述了主人公对水的感受，在语言表达上运用了两种比较方式，前面用“形容词比较级＋than”的结构，后面用“as＋形容词＋as”同级比较结构(省略了后一个as)。
2．Shall I be believed when I say that, at the depth of thirty feet, I could see as if I was in broad daylight
赏析：本句运用了when引导的时间状语从句及as if引导的方式状语从句来描写主人公在海底的情形，as if从句中虚拟语气的使用描述了一种本不可能成真的现象。
[提能训练|完成句子]
①I feel much _______________________ I felt this morning.
我感觉现在比早上有信心多了。
②________________ into the countryside in the summer sunshine, I felt ________________________.
当他们在夏日的阳光下出发去乡下时，我感觉我好像还是和他们在一起。　
more confident now than
When they set off
as if I were still with them
(三)赏修辞之功
1．I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell.
赏析：本句中使用了like a nut in its shell来形象地比喻水下漫步时“我”头戴厚重的头盔的样子。like作为介词，表示“像”，经常用于比喻句中。此处运用了比喻中的明喻。明喻是直接在句子中使用like, as, as ...as ...等表示“像”的词语，来明确地比喻和描述。
2．This dazzling carpet, really a reflector, drove away the rays of the sun with wonderful intensity, which accounted for the vibration which passed through every atom of liquid.
赏析：本句是对海底光线变化的描述。作者运用了比喻中的隐喻的修辞手法，将水底沙床比作carpet (地毯)，进而又将它比喻为reflector (反射物)。隐喻的修辞手法营造出强烈的画面感，这正是文学语言给读者带来的独特体验和感受。
[提能训练|运用比喻修辞完成下列句子]
①______________________, he had a sense of freedom.
跑得快如风时，他有一种自由的感觉。
②His words became __________ for his life.
他的话成了他生活的指南针。　　
Running like the wind
a compass
课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At just ten, Selah Schneiter became the youngest person ever to climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. Selah was unaware that she was setting a record at the time.
“El Capitan was the mountain my wife Joy and I first climbed together，” Mike, Selah's father, said. “We fell in love while climbing.” After the couple married, they returned there to climb. They took Selah on her first trip to Yosemite when she was only two months old.
First asked if she'd try the Nose, the classic route most climbers take to reach the top of El Capitan, she declined. Then, she began to think about it more, and in 2018 she felt that she was able to make it. However, accomplishing the seemingly impossible climb requires more than simply deciding to go for it. Over the winter, Mike and Selah prepared for “the big decision”．
When it came time to the climb, Selah and Mike were joined by Mark Regier, a long-time family friend who had been part of the El Capitan team when Mike and Joy met. He was also the chief witness of their wedding. Doing such a climb with a ten-year-old, Regier considered it seriously. “Being a father myself, I must look after her well，” he said. At first he checked and double-checked everything she did, but after a while he was sure Selah knew what she was doing. Then they set off.
In the process, Selah showed fortitude. “It wasn't that frightening，” she said. “The only thing I ever got scared of was what would happen if I didn't do this.” She admitted to getting nervous at the foot of the mountain, but later she calmed herself and was comfortable being high. Eventually, she and her companions completed the 5-day climb successfully.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年仅10岁的西拉·施奈特成功攀登埃尔卡皮坦，成为史上征服这座峭壁最年轻的攀登者的故事。
1．What can we know about Mike
A．He encouraged Selah to set a record.
B．He is closely connected with Yosemite.
C．He helped Selah decide to climb El Capitan.
D．He came across Joy at Regier's wedding.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，迈克和妻子是在攀登埃尔卡皮坦期间相爱的，二人结婚后又重回此地攀登埃尔卡皮坦。因此，迈克与约塞米蒂国家公园有很深的渊源。
2．What was Mark Regier's initial attitude towards Selah's climbing the Nose
A．Negative.　　　　 B．Critical.
C．Cautious. D．Favourable.
解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Doing such a climb with a ten-year-old, Regier considered it seriously.”可知，起初雷吉尔对西拉攀登持谨慎的态度。
√
3．What does the underlined word “fortitude” in the last paragraph mean
A．Scare. B．Relaxation.
C．Pride. D．Courage.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“‘It wasn't that frightening，’ she said ... was comfortable being high.”可知，西拉在山脚下时感到紧张，但后来她镇定下来，并且很享受身处高处的感觉，即攀登过程中她表现出了勇气和刚毅。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Small Climber, Big Outcome
B．Selah Was a True Climber at Ten
C．El Capitan: A Best Place to Climb
D．Life Means Enjoying Climbing
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了年仅10岁的西拉·施奈特成功攀登埃尔卡皮坦，成为史上征服这座峭壁最年轻的攀登者的故事。结合选项可知，A项生动形象且符合文章主旨，为文章最佳标题。
B
Scrolling through Instagram can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on Instagram Stories recently, I saw water skiing in Maui, hiking in Yosemite and swimming with wild pigs in Bermuda. I started Googling flights to new places. Then I ordered pho, Vietnam's national dish, from the same Vietnamese place I eat at every week and returned to the same old routine and ... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find newfangled experiences more exciting and attention-grabbing than repeat experiences. They can't process all the stimuli (刺激) around us, so we evolved to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things, which we've seen enough to know they're not dangerous. What's more, words like “repetition” and “repetitiveness” tend to be associated with more negative emotions.
However, recent research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests we ought to reconsider how we digest those feelings of monotony (单调). Some previous research has painted a negative picture of repeat experiences, saying that doing the same thing twice can feel less valuable. But Ed O'Brien, a professor of behavioral science, wondered whether people actually underestimate how positively they react to repeat experiences.
To test this theory, Mr O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus once in full (various stimuli were tested, including museum visits, movies and video games). Next, after dividing them into two groups, the first group of participants were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while the second actually did repeat the experience. Counter to previous research, Mr O'Brien found that across the board, repeat experiences were far more enjoyable than participants predicted. In other words: You're far more likely to enjoy something the second time around than you think.
“Brand-new experiences are definitely great for enjoyment，” said Mr O'Brien. “And our studies don't go against this idea. In many cases, the brand-new option is better. But, what our studies emphasize is that repeat options also might have high hedonic (快乐的) value and might also come with lower costs to acquire than a purely new option.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都喜欢冒险，追求新鲜感，但是研究却发现重复能让我们更全面、深刻地认识事物，能给我们带来不一样的快乐。
5．What did the author think of her own life
A．It included many exciting things.
B．It depended heavily on social media.
C．It was highly adventurous.
D．It was boringly repetitive.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then I ordered ... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.”可知，作者觉得自己的生活毫无新意，没有创新。
6．How do our brains usually respond to stimuli from familiar things
A．They may pay little attention to them.
B．They may process them first.
C．They may feel uncertain of them.
D．They may consider them as positive things.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“so we evolved to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things”可推断，我们的大脑使得我们不太注意熟悉的刺激物。
7．What is the meaning of the underlined word “newfangled” in paragraph 2
A．Fictional.　　　　　 B．Fascinating.
C．Novel. D．Significant.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后半句可知，人类的大脑倾向于发现新奇的体验。所以newfangled为“新奇的”之意。
√
8．What did the second group of participants do during the experiment
A．They experienced the same stimuli twice.
B．They imagined their old experiences twice.
C．They repeated similar activities many times.
D．They predicted the first group's experiences.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Next, after dividing them into two groups ... repeat the experience.”可知，第二组参与者重复了先前的体验。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
French explorer Jacques Cartier is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
Like many other European explorers, Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold, and perhaps a shortcut to Asia. 9 It became France's main route into Canada.
Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany, a province of France. In about 1534, the king of France asked him to lead an expedition (远征) to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia.
10 There he and his crew explored the land around the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans. When he sailed back to France, he took with him two native Americans.
11 This time, Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River. The two Native Americans he had taken before had learned French, and they served as guides. About 260 miles inland, Cartier reached the Native American village of Stadacona. Today, the city of Quebec stands near that place.
Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada. 12 After returning to France he reported tales told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541. 13 When he returned to France in 1542, he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite (黄铁矿) (fool's gold) and quartz (石英)．
A．A second voyage came in May 1535.
B．Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C．The bitter cold surprised them, and some of the men died.
D．He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E．Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F．He explored farther and found what he thought were gold and diamonds.
G．In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is now Canada.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
9．选B　根据该空前的“Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold”和该空后的“It became France's main route into Canada.”可知，B项(相反，雅克·卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河)符合此处语境。空后的It指的就是B项中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10．选G　根据上文中的“In about 1534, the king of France asked him to lead an expedition (远征)”可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃横渡大西洋到了现在的加拿大。G项中的时间与上文相符。
11．选A　根据该空后的“This time, Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ...”可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃进行了第二次航行。
12．选C　根据该空前的“the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada”可知，C项(加拿大的严寒令卡蒂埃和船员们难以承受，其中一些船员死于严寒)符合此处语境。
13．选F　根据该空前的“Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic”和该空后的“he was told that they were just the common minerals”可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他进一步探险，发现了他认为是黄金和宝石的“宝物”。故F项符合语境。UNIT 5　课时检测(四)　“Developing ideas”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At just ten, Selah Schneiter became the youngest person ever to climb El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. Selah was unaware that she was setting a record at the time.
“El Capitan was the mountain my wife Joy and I first climbed together，” Mike, Selah's father, said. “We fell in love while climbing.” After the couple married, they returned there to climb. They took Selah on her first trip to Yosemite when she was only two months old.
First asked if she'd try the Nose, the classic route most climbers take to reach the top of El Capitan, she declined. Then, she began to think about it more, and in 2018 she felt that she was able to make it. However, accomplishing the seemingly impossible climb requires more than simply deciding to go for it. Over the winter, Mike and Selah prepared for “the big decision”．
When it came time to the climb, Selah and Mike were joined by Mark Regier, a long-time family friend who had been part of the El Capitan team when Mike and Joy met. He was also the chief witness of their wedding. Doing such a climb with a ten-year-old, Regier considered it seriously. “Being a father myself, I must look after her well，” he said. At first he checked and double-checked everything she did, but after a while he was sure Selah knew what she was doing. Then they set off.
In the process, Selah showed fortitude. “It wasn't that frightening，” she said. “The only thing I ever got scared of was what would happen if I didn't do this.” She admitted to getting nervous at the foot of the mountain, but later she calmed herself and was comfortable being high. Eventually, she and her companions completed the 5-day climb successfully.
1．What can we know about Mike
A．He encouraged Selah to set a record.
B．He is closely connected with Yosemite.
C．He helped Selah decide to climb El Capitan.
D．He came across Joy at Regier's wedding.
2．What was Mark Regier's initial attitude towards Selah's climbing the Nose
A．Negative.　　　　 B．Critical.
C．Cautious. D．Favourable.
3．What does the underlined word “fortitude” in the last paragraph mean
A．Scare. B．Relaxation.
C．Pride. D．Courage.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Small Climber, Big Outcome
B．Selah Was a True Climber at Ten
C．El Capitan: A Best Place to Climb
D．Life Means Enjoying Climbing
B
Scrolling through Instagram can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on Instagram Stories recently, I saw water skiing in Maui, hiking in Yosemite and swimming with wild pigs in Bermuda. I started Googling flights to new places. Then I ordered pho, Vietnam's national dish, from the same Vietnamese place I eat at every week and returned to the same old routine and ... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Evolutionarily, human brains tend to find newfangled experiences more exciting and attention-grabbing than repeat experiences. They can't process all the stimuli (刺激) around us, so we evolved to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things, which we've seen enough to know they're not dangerous. What's more, words like “repetition” and “repetitiveness” tend to be associated with more negative emotions.
However, recent research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology suggests we ought to reconsider how we digest those feelings of monotony (单调). Some previous research has painted a negative picture of repeat experiences, saying that doing the same thing twice can feel less valuable. But Ed O'Brien, a professor of behavioral science, wondered whether people actually underestimate how positively they react to repeat experiences.
To test this theory, Mr O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus once in full (various stimuli were tested, including museum visits, movies and video games). Next, after dividing them into two groups, the first group of participants were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while the second actually did repeat the experience. Counter to previous research, Mr O'Brien found that across the board, repeat experiences were far more enjoyable than participants predicted. In other words: You're far more likely to enjoy something the second time around than you think.
“Brand-new experiences are definitely great for enjoyment，” said Mr O'Brien. “And our studies don't go against this idea. In many cases, the brand-new option is better. But, what our studies emphasize is that repeat options also might have high hedonic (快乐的) value and might also come with lower costs to acquire than a purely new option.”
5．What did the author think of her own life
A．It included many exciting things.
B．It depended heavily on social media.
C．It was highly adventurous.
D．It was boringly repetitive.
6．How do our brains usually respond to stimuli from familiar things
A．They may pay little attention to them.
B．They may process them first.
C．They may feel uncertain of them.
D．They may consider them as positive things.
7．What is the meaning of the underlined word “newfangled” in paragraph 2
A．Fictional.　　　　　 B．Fascinating.
C．Novel. D．Significant.
8．What did the second group of participants do during the experiment
A．They experienced the same stimuli twice.
B．They imagined their old experiences twice.
C．They repeated similar activities many times.
D．They predicted the first group's experiences.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
French explorer Jacques Cartier is known mainly for exploring the St.Lawrence River and giving Canada its name.
Like many other European explorers, Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold, and perhaps a shortcut to Asia. __9__ It became France's main route into Canada.
Jacques Cartier was born on 31 December 1491 in Brittany, a province of France. In about 1534, the king of France asked him to lead an expedition (远征) to the New World in search of riches and a new route to Asia.
__10__ There he and his crew explored the land around the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and met Native Americans. When he sailed back to France, he took with him two native Americans.
__11__ This time, Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and into the Saint Lawrence River. The two Native Americans he had taken before had learned French, and they served as guides. About 260 miles inland, Cartier reached the Native American village of Stadacona. Today, the city of Quebec stands near that place.
Cartier and his men were among the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada. __12__ After returning to France he reported tales told by the native people of treasures farther inland.
Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic in 1541. __13__ When he returned to France in 1542, he was told that they were just the common minerals pyrite (黄铁矿) (fool's gold) and quartz (石英)．
A．A second voyage came in May 1535.
B．Instead he found the Saint Lawrence River.
C．The bitter cold surprised them, and some of the men died.
D．He made three voyages of exploration in dangerous waters.
E．Cartier was considered one of the most devoted explorers of the period.
F．He explored farther and found what he thought were gold and diamonds.
G．In the spring of 1534 Cartier sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to what is now Canada.
UNIT 5　课时检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年仅10岁的西拉·施奈特成功攀登埃尔卡皮坦，成为史上征服这座峭壁最年轻的攀登者的故事。　　
1．选B　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，迈克和妻子是在攀登埃尔卡皮坦期间相爱的，二人结婚后又重回此地攀登埃尔卡皮坦。因此，迈克与约塞米蒂国家公园有很深的渊源。
2．选C　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Doing such a climb with a ten year old, Regier considered it seriously.”可知，起初雷吉尔对西拉攀登持谨慎的态度。
3．选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“‘It wasn't that frightening，’ she said ... was comfortable being high.”可知，西拉在山脚下时感到紧张，但后来她镇定下来，并且很享受身处高处的感觉，即攀登过程中她表现出了勇气和刚毅。
4．选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了年仅10岁的西拉·施奈特成功攀登埃尔卡皮坦，成为史上征服这座峭壁最年轻的攀登者的故事。结合选项可知，A项生动形象且符合文章主旨，为文章最佳标题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多人都喜欢冒险，追求新鲜感，但是研究却发现重复能让我们更全面、深刻地认识事物，能给我们带来不一样的快乐。　　
5．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then I ordered ... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.”可知，作者觉得自己的生活毫无新意，没有创新。
6．选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“so we evolved to pay attention to new, flashy and potentially dangerous things more intently than familiar things”可推断，我们的大脑使得我们不太注意熟悉的刺激物。
7．选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后半句可知，人类的大脑倾向于发现新奇的体验。所以newfangled为“新奇的”之意。
8．选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Next, after dividing them into two groups ... repeat the experience.”可知，第二组参与者重复了先前的体验。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了法国探险家雅克·卡蒂埃的三次航海探险经历。
9．选B　根据该空前的“Jacques Cartier went to North America looking for gold”和该空后的“It became France's main route into Canada.”可知，B项(相反，雅克·卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河)符合此处语境。空后的It指的就是B项中的the Saint Lawrence River。
10．选G　根据上文中的“In about 1534, the king of France asked him to lead an expedition (远征)”可推知，在1534年，卡蒂埃横渡大西洋到了现在的加拿大。G项中的时间与上文相符。
11．选A　根据该空后的“This time, Cartier sailed deeper into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ...”可推知，在1535年5月，卡蒂埃进行了第二次航行。
12．选C　根据该空前的“the first Europeans to winter in what is now Canada”可知，C项(加拿大的严寒令卡蒂埃和船员们难以承受，其中一些船员死于严寒)符合此处语境。
13．选F　根据该空前的“Cartier once again crossed the Atlantic”和该空后的“he was told that they were just the common minerals”可知，1541年卡蒂埃第三次北航，他进一步探险，发现了他认为是黄金和宝石的“宝物”。故F项符合语境。

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