资源简介

UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Sometimes small gestures of care will possibly 　　　　(使软化) people's heart.
2.Thee　　　　 of gases such as c　　　　 dioxide should be stabilized at the present level.
3.This is the　　　　(全部的) process of the event, which has attracted 　　　　(世界各地的) attention.
4.The concert was 　　　　(播放) live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.
5.Local scenic areas have moved quickly to capitalize on(充分利用) market 　　　　(趋势) like the ice and snow boom and continuously launched marketing events.
6.The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the 　　　　(政策) has shown.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The speed of vehicles is restricted　　　　　 30 mph in towns in this country.
2.The shortage of funds constitutes an obstacle to the 　　　　　(sustain) economic development.
3.My main task is to make the house 　　　　　(habit) and help my family easily fall asleep.
4.Spotting a thief in the street, the policeman charged forward straight away and seized him 　　　　　 the arm.
5.It's reported that many famous 　　　　　 analyzed how the “greenhouse effect” has an effect on the earth 　　　　　.(ecology)
6.In the past, some people suffered from 　　　　　(starve), but now more are starving themselves 　　　　　(lose) weight and get slim.
7.The “facepalm(捂脸)” is one of the 10 hottest emojis nowadays used by young people, which is 　　　　　(frequent) employed in online chats.
8.To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, 　　　　　(release) the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.我们相信他能妥善处理这次事故。(doubt)
We 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 he can deal with the accident properly.
2.一些在运动中受了重伤的人或许以后会放弃他们最喜爱的运动。(sustain)
Some people　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 in the exercise may give up their favorite sports later.
3.毫无疑问,家是一个成员们应该相互理解和享受爱的地方。(doubt)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　home is a place where members should understand each other and enjoy love.(读后续写—主旨升华)
4.我们认为有必要抓住这次机会唤醒人们的环保意识。(seize;it作形式主语)
We think　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact　1　 the animals. In 2013, the whole world 　2　(shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, 　3　(probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 　4　 includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 　5　 big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 　6　(leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural 　7　(disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a　8　(high) price to pay. Governments should take measures 　9　(reduce) greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 　10　 (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
Two disabled Chinese citizens who have planted trees　1　(voluntary) in Northern China have been voted(选出) the grassroots heroes by the netizens.
The vote　2　(organize) by Xinhua News Agency since 2010 to inspire moral strength in the public by highlighting the good deeds of ordinary people. The event is the first of its kind 　3　(find) heroes among the grassroots people.
Jia Wenqi and Jia Haixia, both of　4　 are aged over 50, have physical disabilities. Disabled 　5　 they are, they have planted over 10,000 trees in Jingxing County since 2002, conserving the ecology of the area.
“I am his hands;he is my eyes,” says Haixia. “We are good partners.”
Fully　6　(devote) to protecting the environment, they have turned the wasteland into a green one, which attracts 　7　 large number of birds. 　8　(plant) trees has become an important part of their life.
Despite their disabilities, they form a great team that makes a huge　9　(different). They deserve to be called heroes 　10　 their unusual effort and amazing deed!
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
As awareness of climate change grows, so does the desire to do something about it. One way to gain a quantifiable(可量化的) understanding of the impacts of our actions, for good and bad, is through what is known as a carbon footprint. While the concept is gaining traction, it is not always fully understood.
According to Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster University in the UK and author of How Bad Are Bananas :The Carbon Footprint of Everything, a carbon footprint is “the sum total of all the greenhouse gas emissions that had to take place in order for a product to be produced or for an activity to take place”.
What steps a person can take to reduce their personal footprint depends on the kind of lifestyle they presently live, and the same actions are not equally effective for everyone. Berners-Lee notes that “for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”.
It isn't easy to calculate a carbon footprint. The earliest such calculator is thought to have appeared in 2004 as part of the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints as an indication that climate change is not the fault of an oil giant, but that of individuals.
“I would say personal carbon footprint calculators are a useful tool to assess the impact of your immediate actions,” Berners-Lee says. “But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet, for example, how you vote, where you work, how you invest your money, and how much you talk about climate change.”
1.What does the underlined word “traction” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Control.　　　B.Insight.　　　C.Attention.　　　D.Power.
2.How does Berners-Lee explain his opinion according to paragraph 3
A.By presenting a fact.　　　B.By giving suggestions.
C.By clarifying a concept.　　　D.By making a comparison.
3.What is the observers' attitude to the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP
A.Unclear.　　　B.Favorable.　　　C.Tolerant.　　　D.Disapproving.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Tools are more important than choices.
B.The climate shadow covers a broad range of actions.
C.Calculating carbon footprints is the most effective.
D.Only individuals are responsible for climate change.
B
A new study says that no matter how much the world cuts back on greenhouse gases, a large and important part of ice of Antarctica(南极洲) is expected to disappear.
Researchers used computer models to expect the future melting of protective ice around Antarctica's Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica. They say the melting will take hundreds of years. It will slowly add nearly 1.8 meters to sea level. And it will be enough to change where and how people live in the future.
The study found that even if future warming was restricted to just a few tenths of a degree more, it would have limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The lead writer Kaitlin Naughten is an expert on oceans at the British Antarctic Survey. She said their research suggests that Earth is set on the path to a quickly increasing speed of ocean warming and ice shelf melting over the rest of the century.
While past studies have talked about how serious the situation is, Naughten was the first to use computer modeling to study how warm water from below would melt the ice. The study looked at four different cases of how many greenhouse gases the world produces. In each case, ocean warming was just too much for this area of ice to survive.
Naughten looked at floating areas of ice that hold back glaciers(冰川). Once ice melts, there is nothing to stop the glaciers from flowing(流) into the sea.
The study also looked at what would happen if future warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius over mid-19th century levels: the international goal. They found the rapid melting process in this case as well.
The world has already warmed about 1.2 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times and much of this summer went past the 1.5 degrees mark.
5.Which can best describe the findings of the study
A.Cheerful.　　　B.Encouraging.　　　
C.Misleading.　　　D.Disappointing.
6.What makes Naughten's work on Antarctic ice special
A.Her research area.　　　B.Her research time.　　　
C.Her research method.　　　D.Her research purpose.
7.What do we know about floating areas of ice
A.They will flow into the sea.　　　B.They protect the Antarctic ice.
C.They have warmed about 1.2℃.　　　D.They disappear faster than other ice.
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Ice in Parts of Antarctica Will Disappear　　　
B.Climate Change Will Harm Humans
C.Sea Level Will Rise Suddenly in the Future　　　
D.Limiting Greenhouse Gases Makes No Sense
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.melt　2.emission;carbon　3.comprehensive;worldwide
4.broadcast　5.trends　6.policy
Ⅱ.1.to　考查介词。句意:在这个国家的城镇,车辆的速度被限制在每小时30英里。be restricted to为固定搭配,表示“被限制在……”,故填to。
2.sustainable　考查形容词。句意:资金不足是经济持续发展的拦路虎。设空处修饰名词development,应用形容词。故填sustainable。
3.habitable　考查形容词。句意:我主要的任务是使房子变得适合居住,并帮助我的家人容易入睡。设空处作宾语补足语,对宾语the house进行补充说明,应用形容词。故填habitable。
4.by　考查介词。句意:警察在街上发现一个小偷,就立刻冲上前去抓住他的胳膊。“seize sb. by the+身体部位”意为“抓住某人的某个部位”。故填by。
5.ecologists;ecologically　考查名词和副词。句意:据报道,许多著名的生态学家都从生态学的角度分析了“温室效应”对地球的影响。第一空作主语,且前面有many famous,所以应用名词复数,故填ecologists;第二空作状语,应用副词,故填ecologically。
6.starvation;to lose　考查名词和动词不定式。句意:过去一些人遭受饥饿之苦,但现在更多的人却通过节食来减肥并且变得苗条。第一空作宾语,应用名词,suffer from starvation意为“遭受饥饿之苦”,故填starvation;设空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式,故第二空填to lose。
7.frequently　考查副词。句意:“捂脸”是现在年轻人使用的最热门的10个表情符号之一,它在网络聊天中被频繁使用。空格处位于助动词is和过去分词employed之间,作状语,表示“经常地;频繁地”,应用副词。故填frequently。
8.releasing　考查现在分词。句意:想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,释放蒸汽,冒汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包塞进嘴里,让热汤汁在舌头上爆裂。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;提示词release与其逻辑主语you之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。
Ⅲ.1.don't doubt that　2.sustaining a serious injury
3.There is no doubt that　4.it is necessary to seize the opportunity
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.on/upon　考查介词。have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。故填on或upon。
2.was shocked　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语In 2013可知应用一般过去时;主语the whole world(单数)与提示词shock之间为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),所以应用被动语态。故填was shocked。
3.probably　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填probably。
4.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面是名词短语the greenhouse effect,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,故用which引导从句。
5.a　考查冠词。设空处后面的problem是可数名词,此处表示泛指,且big的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6.leaving　考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词;设空处所在部分是前面所描述情况的自然而然的结果,所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。
7.disasters　考查名词复数。根据语境可知,设空处表示的自然灾害不止一种,应用名词复数。故填disasters。
8.higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和Otherwise可知这里含有比较的意思,应用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
9.to reduce　考查动词不定式。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to reduce。
10.difference　考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配,表示“有影响;起作用”。故填difference。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了贾文其和贾海霞两位均已年过半百的残疾老人因多年来坚持植树造林而被网民票选为“草根英雄”的事迹。
1.voluntarily　考查副词。句意:两名在中国北方自愿植树的残疾的中国公民被网民票选为“草根英雄”。设空处修饰从句谓语,应用副词。故填voluntarily。
2.has been organized　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:该投票自2010年起由新华社组织,旨在通过突出普通人的善举来激发公众的道德力量。设空处作谓语,根据句中的时间状语since 2010可知应用现在完成时;主语The vote(单数)与提示词organize之间为被动关系,所以应用被动语态。故填has been organized。
3.to find　考查动词不定式。句意:这项活动是这类活动(在基层群众中寻找英雄)中最早的一个。设空处修饰序数词first,应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to find。
4.whom　考查定语从句。句意:贾文其和贾海霞均已年过半百,他们有身体残疾。分析句子可知,both of 　4　引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Jia Wenqi and Jia Haixia指人,关系词作介词of的宾语。故填whom。
5.as/though　考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管他们是残疾人,但自2002年以来,他们在井陉县种植了上万棵树,保护了该地区的生态。分析句子可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,从句表语被提到句首,形成了倒装结构。故填as或though。
易错归因
本题容易错填although。as引导让步状语从句时必须使用倒装结构;though引导让步状语从句时可以使用倒装结构(也可以不使用);although引导让步状语从句时不能使用倒装结构。所以本空不能填although。
6.devoted　考查形容词。句意:他们完全致力于保护环境,把荒地变成了绿地,吸引了大量的鸟。be devoted to意为“致力于……”,此处作状语,直接用devoted to。故填devoted。
7.a　考查冠词。句意同上题。a large number of意为“大量的”。故填a。
8.Planting　考查动词-ing形式。句意:植树已成为他们生活的重要组成部分。设空处作主语,表示泛指的、一般的动作,应用动词-ing形式。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Planting。
9.difference　考查名词。句意:尽管他们身有残疾,但他们组成了一个伟大的团队,产生了巨大的影响。make a difference意为“有影响;起作用”。故填difference。
10.for　考查介词。句意:因非凡的努力和惊人的行为,他们值得被称为英雄!根据语境可知,此处表示“因为”,应用介词for。
【高频词汇】　1.disabled adj.残疾的 disability n.残疾　2.moral adj.道德的　3.strength n.力量　4.public n.公众
5.highlight v.强调　6.deed n.行为　7.(be) devoted to致力于……　8.form v.组建;形成　9.deserve v.值得
【差距词汇】　grassroots adj.基层的;草根的
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳足迹的定义以及如何通过碳足迹来量化地了解我们的行为的影响。
1.C　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到,随着人们对气候变化的意识日益增强,对气候变化采取行动的愿望也越来越强烈;画线词所在句子的后半句提到,它并不总是被完全理解;再根据表示让步意义的While可知,“碳足迹”这个概念正在得到关注,但没有被完全理解。所以画线词traction意为“关注,知名度”,与attention同义。故选C。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“for some people, flying may be 10 percent of their footprint, for some people it's zero, and for some it's such a huge number that it should be the only thing they should be thinking about”可推断,Berners-Lee通过作比较来解释他的观点。故选D。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The earliest such calculator... the ‘Beyond Petroleum’ campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints”可推断,观察家们对该运动持反对态度。故选D。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But what's much more important than your personal carbon footprint is your climate shadow, which aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one's choices and the impact they have on the planet”可推断,气候的影响涵盖了广泛的行为。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.awareness n.意识　2.desire n.渴望
3.gain v.得到　4.concept n.概念;观念　5.reduce v.减少
6.equally adv.同样地;平等地　7.effective adj.有效的　8.criticize v.批评　9.individual n.个人　10.immediate adj.立即的
【熟词生义】　pressure n.催促;要求;呼吁;强迫
长难句
原句　The earliest such calculator is thought to have appeared in 2004 as part of the “Beyond Petroleum” campaign of the oil giant BP, which makes observers criticize the pressure to reduce personal carbon footprints as an indication that climate change is not the fault of an oil giant, but that of individuals.
分析　本句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句;第一个that引导同位语从句,解释说明其前边的名词indication的内容。
译文　据称最早的此类计算器出现在2004年,是石油巨头英国石油公司“不仅贡献石油”运动的一部分,这导致观察家们批评这种减少个人碳足迹的呼吁,称其暗示气候变化不是石油巨头的错而是个人的错。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现南极洲部分地区的冰将消失,文章说明了研究开展的方式和研究的有关发现。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“limited power to prevent ocean warming”和“the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet”可推断,这项研究的发现是令人失望的。故选D。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Naughten was the first to use computer modeling to study how warm water from below would melt the ice”可知,Naughten的研究的特别之处在于她的研究方法。故选C。
7.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知,浮冰区域可以保护南极洲的冰。故选B。
8.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了研究发现南极洲部分地区的冰将消失,接着第二段到最后一段说明了研究开展的方式和研究的有关发现。所以A项“南极洲部分地区的冰将消失”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.cut back on 削减　2.disappear v.消失　3.protective adj.保护的　4.breakdown n.分解　5.survive v.幸存　6.floating adj.漂浮的　7.hold back阻止
8.process n.过程
长难句
原句　The study found that even if future warming was restricted to just a few tenths of a degree more, it would have limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the breakdown of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
分析　本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句,作found的宾语;even if引导让步状语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词ocean warming。
译文　该研究发现,即使未来气温上升幅度被限制在仅仅零点几摄氏度的范围内,阻止海洋变暖的能力有限,而海洋变暖可能导致西南极冰盖的崩塌。
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