资源简介

Part 2　Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My father 　　　　(经历) major surgery last year.
2.As the saying goes, knowledge 　　　　(起源) in practice.
3.He was an easygoing man of very 　　　　(温和的) views.
4.Mr. Smith tried his best to use his kindness to r　　　　 this criminal.
5.For your family or your neighbors, having more people with first-aid skills helps build a stronger and more　　　　(和谐的) community.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.After the failure of the electricity supply, the city was　　　　　 chaos.
2.She is sensitive 　　　　　 what people think of her. In other words, she is an unconfident person.
3.　　　　　 behalf of the school, I'm more than delighted to invite you to attend an art exhibition.
4.In order to lose weight and become slim, she restricts herself 　　　　　 little sweet and sugary food.
5.He submitted his proposal for urban development 　　　　　 the development committee at the conference.
6.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must 　　　　　(annual) purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
把下列直接引语改为间接引语
1.She said, “I visited my dentist yesterday.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.The teacher said to him, “Don't disturb others.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.“Do you shave off your beard ” Liu Ping asked Bob.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4.“Why are you stressed out today, Jack ” asked Nancy.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.He asked me, “How will Frank get to the party tomorrow ”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
题型(二)
用直接引语完成句子,并变为间接引语
1.老师说:“地球绕着太阳转。”
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,” said the teacher.
→The teacher said that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.他问:“这些天你去哪里了 ”
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ” he asked.
→He asked　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.他问我:“你下周去打篮球吗 ”
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ” he asked me.
→He asked me　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.他说:“我10年前买的房子。”
“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,” he said.
→He said　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
5.他问他妈妈:“你是怎么找到它的 ”
He asked his mother, “　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ”
→He asked his mother　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Indoor air pollution from cooking and cleaning is a growing concern. Back in 1989, a NASA study found that plants put in sealed rooms could reduce the levels of pollutants, some of which can cause cancer. That finding led to the widespread notion worldwide that adding houseplants to rooms will lower levels of indoor air pollution, but later studies suggest that the effect is too small to make a difference in people's homes.
So, Stuart Strand at the University of Washington in Seattle decided to enhance the pollution-reducing power of golden pothos(绿萝) by adding a rabbit gene for a liver enzyme(酶) that breaks down a wide range of pollutants. This approach boosted the effect several times. But even so, to make a meaningful difference, Strand concluded that a fan would be needed to move air over the plants.
Now, a start-up enterprise called Neoplants has created another GM pothos. It has two added genes from bacteria as well as extra copies of some of the plant's own genes. This enables it to break down certain harmful air pollutants, the company says.
Comprehensive tests done in cooperation with the University of Lille in France suggest that the plants are 30 times better at removing these air pollutants than the best plants tested by NASA, says Patrick Torbey of Neoplants. The firm released a paper last week describing its work, but hasn't submitted it to a scientific journal.
“This new paper looks pretty good,” says Strand. It isn't possible to directly compare the effectiveness of his GM pothos with that of Neoplants's one as different tests were done, he says.
It remains unclear whether Neoplants's pothos will make any difference in an actual home. But Torbey says the company is setting up a research facility near Paris that will include two “bedrooms” to test this.
1.What did the NASA study in 1989 find
A.Sealed rooms contained air pollutants.　　　
B.Sealed rooms could be cleaned by plants.
C.Plants could lower the levels of pollutants.　　　
D.Plants could cure cancer caused by pollutants.
2.How does Stuart Strand improve the golden pothos
A.By breaking down pollutants.　　　
B.By moving the air over the plants.
C.By modifying the genes of the plants.　　　
D.By using the power of golden pothos.
3.What can we know about GM pothos from paragraph 4
A.Its satisfying effect.　　　
B.Its practical application.
C.Expectations of future studies.　　　
D.Limitations of copies of some plants' genes.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.A new approach to solving air problems　　　B.Houseplants improved to clean pollutants
C.Scientists testing plants to reduce pollution　　　D.Genetically modified versions of houseplants
Ⅱ.七选五
What to do about climate change
With scientists warning that 2024 could be the warmest ever, and destructive wildfires tearing through communities, the climate crisis is no longer a distant threat.　1　
Use energy wisely.
Using energy with wisdom is one way to cut your carbon footprint. It's not just about how much energy you use, but when you use it. 　2　 When demand is low, or during the brightest part of the day, to use solar energy can help.
　3　
Aviation(航空) brings a significant challenge of achieving net-zero(净零) emissions. Despite accounting for just three percent of global emissions, it is a rapidly growing source and difficult to reduce carbon emissions. Reducing air travel is recommended until battery-powered and hydrogen-powered planes become practical. 　4　 There is also a recovery of Europe's night trains for low-carbon travel.
Grow your own.
Whether you have a windowsill(窗台) or a smallholding, growing your own herbs, flowers or vegetables can be beneficial not just to pollinators(传花粉者), which can feed off the plants, but to your mental health. Sure, cultivating a garden isn't going to absorb much carbon. 　5　 And the research suggests it is good for our mental health—particularly amid alarming news about the climate.
A.Avoid the skies.
B.Heat water less.
C.Cultivate a garden to absorb carbon.
D.But it will help you reconnect with nature.
E.Set timers for appliances to run through the night.
F.No-fly travel companies are making overland travel more attractive.
G.Listed below are three things you can do to reduce your carbon footprint and save yourself from climate despair.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
What do you do with your clothes that you can't or don't want to wear anymore Through cutting, stitching and redesigning clothes, Baxter Salzwedel has found a 　1　 way to be environmentally friendly.
In March, 2022, recycling clothes　2　 the 17-year-old from Lakeside High School a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition. The competition was hosted by Junior Achievement of Wisconsin, a nonprofit organization. He won a scholarship of $10,000 for his 　3　 clothing brand The Mad Patcher.
In the beginning, Baxter just worked with clothes for fun. He learned his　4　 skills from his grandmother at a young age. He then started to 　5　 his old jeans to try and make cool new designs.
The fun hobby quickly turned into a kind of　6　 for Baxter when his classmates started asking him to make customized clothing for them and they 　7　 for it. “I can't make so many clothes for free,” said Baxter.
In 2021, Baxter started his clothing　8　. He now uses colorful pieces from other clothes to 　9　 his patchwork(拼缝物) designs like jeans, shirts and jackets. He only uses donated or 　10　 materials to ensure maximum sustainability.
Baxter has earned thousands of dollars through selling his clothes and he has　11　 25 percent of his profits to some nonprofit environment conservation organizations.
He was　12　 as a finalist out of dozens of applicants across the US. The finalist needs to have successful business experiences, growth potential, a spirit of innovation and 　13　 involvement.
“It was amazing to do that and meet all sorts of young people with similar ideas,” Baxter said　14　. For Baxter, The Mad Patcher is a life-time 　15　 worth working on.
1.A.complicated　　　B.traditional
C.fashionable　　　D.casual
2.A.earned　　　B.bought
C.left　　　D.made
3.A.sustainable　　　B.affordable
C.unforgettable　　　D.recognizable
4.A.painting　　　B.driving
C.cooking　　　D.sewing
5.A.put down　　　B.set down
C.tear up　　　D.make up
6.A.business　　　B.task
C.glory　　　D.duty
7.A.worked　　　B.paid
C.cheered　　　D.clapped
8.A.course　　　B.show
C.shop　　　D.brand
9.A.find　　　B.advertise
C.display　　　D.create
10.A.plastic　　　B.recycled
C.colorful　　　D.artificial
11.A.returned　　　B.submitted
C.donated　　　D.lent
12.A.selected　　　B.regarded
C.described　　　D.interviewed
13.A.political　　　B.social
C.academic　　　D.scientific
14.A.calmly　　　B.nervously
C.excitedly　　　D.patiently
15.A.research　　　B.test
C.assignment　　　D.project
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 2　Learning About Language &
Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.underwent　2.originates　3.moderate　4.reform　5.harmonious
Ⅱ.1.in　考查介词。句意:停电后,城市陷入混乱。in chaos意为“处于混乱之中”。故填in。
2.to/about　考查介词。句意:她对于别人对她的看法很敏感。换句话说,她是一个缺乏自信的人。be sensitive to/about...意为“对……神经过敏;易因……生气”。故填to或about。
3.On　考查介词。 句意:我很高兴代表学校邀请你参加艺术展。on behalf of意为“代表……”。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填On。
4.to　考查介词。句意:为了减肥并且变得苗条,她约束自己少吃甜食和含糖的食物。restrict...to...意为“约束……做……”。故填to。
5.to　考查介词。句意:在会上他向发展委员会提交了他的城市发展建议。submit...to...意为“向……提交……”。故填to。
6.annually　考查副词。句意:根据该法案,所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带一张联邦鸭票。设空处作状语,应用副词。故填annually。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.She said that she had visited her dentist the day before/the previous day.
2.The teacher told him not to disturb others.
3.Liu Ping asked Bob if/whether he shaved off his beard.
4.Nancy asked Jack why he was stressed out that day.
5.He asked me how Frank would get to the party the next day/the following day.
题型(二)
1.The earth goes around the sun;the earth goes around the sun
2.Where have you been these days;me where I had been those days
3.Will you go to play basketball next week;if/whether I would go to play basketball the next week
4.I bought the house 10 years ago;that he had bought the house 10 years before
5.How did you find it;how she had found it
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“科学家认为室内植物具有降低污染物水平的能力”这一主题展开,由此对室内植物——绿萝,不断地进行改良,增强其清除空气污染物的能力。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Back in 1989, a NASA study found that plants put in sealed rooms could reduce the levels of pollutants, some of which can cause cancer.”可知,植物可以降低污染物的水平。故选C。
2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Stuart Strand...decided to enhance the pollution-reducing power of golden pothos by adding a rabbit gene for a liver enzyme”可知,Stuart Strand通过增加一种兔子的肝酶基因来改良绿萝,即通过调整植物的基因来改良绿萝。故选C。
3.A　推理判断题。第四段中提到了转基因绿萝清除空气污染物的能力比美国国家航空航天局测试的最好的植物强30倍。由此可推断,转基因绿萝清除空气污染物的效果让人满意。故选A。
4.B　主旨大意题。本文第一段主要提出了“室内植物有降低污染物水平的能力”这样一个观点,下文主要介绍了Stuart Strand和Neoplants公司通过调整植物的基因来提升其降低污染物水平的能力,所以B项“被改良以清洁污染物的室内植物”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.concern n.担心;忧虑　2.make a difference有影响;起作用　3.break down使分解
4.approach n.方法;临近　5.boost v.使增长　6.conclude v.得出结论;推断出　7.in cooperation with...和……合作　8.modify v.调整;稍作修改
【差距词汇】　notion n.观念
长难句
原句　Back in 1989, a NASA study found that plants put in sealed rooms could reduce the levels of pollutants, some of which can cause cancer.
分析　本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,作found的宾语;some of which can cause cancer为“代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词pollutants。
译文　早在1989年,美国国家航空航天局的一项研究发现,把植物放在密闭的房间里可以降低污染物的水平,其中一些污染物能够致癌。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何应对气候变化。
1.G　过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:科学家警告说,2024年可能是有史以来最温暖的一年,毁灭性的野火肆虐社区,气候危机不再是遥远的威胁。→　1　→具体介绍应对气候危机需要做的事。G项“下面列出了3件你可以做的事情来减少你的碳足迹,把自己从气候绝望中拯救出来。”承上启下,引出文章主题。故选G。
2.E　细节句。设空处与上下文构成的语意结构为:这不仅仅是你用了多少能源的问题,而是你什么时候用的。→　2　→当需求低时,或者在一天中最亮的时候,使用太阳能可以有所帮助。E项“设置定时器,让电器在夜间运行。”符合语境。故选E。
3.A　主旨句。根据文章结构可知,设空处应是段落小标题。下文提到,航空业在实现净零排放方面面临重大挑战,所以建议减少航空旅行。A项“避开天空。”能概括本段主旨。故选A。
4.F　细节句。上文提到,建议减少航空旅行,直到电池动力飞机和氢动力飞机成为现实。F项“不提供飞机服务的旅行公司使陆路旅行更有吸引力。”承接上文,继续说明减少航空旅行。故选F。
5.D　细节句。上文提到,当然,开垦花园不会吸收太多的碳。D项“但它会帮助你与自然重新建立联系。”与上文构成转折关系,是对上文的补充说明。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.destructive adj.破坏性的　2.tear v.撕扯
3.distant adj.遥远的　4.threat n.威胁　5.significant adj.显著的;重要的　6.account for占　7.recommend v.建议　8.recovery n.恢复　9.beneficial adj.有益的
10.alarming adj.使人惊恐的
【差距词汇】　1.smallholding n.一小块耕地　2.cultivate v.耕作;种植　3.overland adj.横跨陆地的
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的高中生Baxter通过对破旧衣物再设计的方法来践行环保理念,不仅开创了自己的服装品牌,还入围了青年企业家大赛的故事。
1.C　根据前文“Through cutting, stitching and redesigning clothes”和后文“to be environmentally friendly”可知,对旧衣服进行剪裁、缝补和再设计以践行环保理念是一种很时尚的方法。故选C。
2.A　根据后文“a finalist spot in the Young Entrepreneurs competition”可知,他想出的旧衣再利用的方法为他赢得了青年企业家大赛的一个决赛席位。故选A。
3.A　根据前文“be environmentally friendly”可知,他的品牌是有利于可持续发展的。故选A。
4.D　根据前文“worked with clothes”可知,他从小跟随祖母学习缝纫技艺。故选D。
5.C　根据后文“his old jeans to try and make cool new designs”可知,他把自己的旧衣物撕破重新设计。put down写下,镇压;set down写下,制订;tear up撕破;make up编造。故选C。
6.A　此题可以和第7题一起解出。我们可以先看第7题,根据后文“I can't make so many clothes for free”可知,同学们需要为衣服支付费用,而学生们让他做衣服并为此支付费用,这一爱好就变成了一种生意。故第7题选B,本题选A。
7.B　解析见上题。
8.D　根据前文“clothing brand The Mad Patcher”可知,他开创了自己的服装品牌。故选D。
9.D　根据后文“like jeans, shirts and jackets”可知,他利用零碎布料创作出新衣服。故选D。
10.B　根据后文“to ensure maximum sustainability”可知,他使用的是捐赠的或可循环使用的材料。plastic塑料的;recycled可循环使用的;colorful颜色鲜艳的;artificial人工的。故选B。
11.C　根据后文“some nonprofit environment conservation organizations”可知,他向一些非营利性环保机构捐钱。故选C。
12.A　根据后文“out of dozens of applicants across the US”可知,在很多申请人当中,他被选中进入决赛。故选A。
13.B　根据前文“he has　11　 25 percent of his profits to some nonprofit environment conservation organizations”可知,Baxter在盈利的同时,不忘回报社会,故可以推测决赛选手除了有成功的商业经历、成长潜力和创新精神外,还要有社会责任感(即社会参与)。故选B。
14.C　根据Baxter说的话可知,进入决赛,遇到那么多志同道合的人,他感到很激动。故选C。
15.D　根据前文可知,他创立了一个服装品牌,这是一个值得他一生从事的项目。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.for free 免费地　2.conservation n.保护;保存　3.applicant n.申请者　4.potential n.潜力;可能性　5.innovation n.创新　6.involvement n.参与;加入
【熟词生义】　spot n.排名位置
【差距词汇】　1.stitch v.缝补　2.finalist n.参加决赛者
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