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UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.He may be stuck with a 　　　　(痛苦的) existence for the rest of his life.
2.To our relief, none of the passengers and 　　　　(全体工作人员) were injured in chaos.
3.In the swimming class, we first learn how to let the body not 　　　　(下沉) into the water.
4.I hope that I can get a 　　　　(相当不错的) job with a good salary after I graduate from college.
5.Li Ming wanted to see his brother off and went to the airport in a hurry, only to find that he had been already a　　　　 the plane.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.The plan put forward at the meeting led to a bitter dispute.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
2.It is said that good medicine tastes bitter, but is good for health.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
3.After spending a night in the bitter cold, the expedition set off again.
词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.(易错题)Please take away all your 　　　　　(belong) when you leave the room.
2.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Students will work in groups to complete four 　　　　　(assign) during the course.
3.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at their wedding venue. I was so
　　　　　(envy) of their happiness.
4.Since they are going to move to another city, they have to abandon the furniture 　　　　　 their neighbours.
5.(2021北京)Moreover, the older you are, the more likely you will come to a 　　　　　(resolve) after an argument.
6.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiastic 　　　　　 reading all of these books.
7.Young people should be led to believe anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and 　　　　　(persevere).
8.In comparison with his fellow classmates, he is more qualified 　　　　　 the position because of his fluency in English and his spirit of teamwork.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.因为玛丽走得像乌龟一样慢,所以她的妈妈一直在催促她加快步伐。(as...as...)
Because Mary walks 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a tortoise, her mother 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 her to walk faster.(读后续写—动作描写)
2.这是一个如此漂亮的海滩,以至于每年它都会吸引世界各地成千上万的游客。(一句多译)
①It is　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it attracts thousands of tourists worldwide every year.(such...that...)
②It is 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it attracts thousands of tourists worldwide every year.(so...that...)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 　1　(secret) hid in a cupboard, only 　2　(find) after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he 　3　(assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It was a tough journey. The ship got 　4　(stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 　5　 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 　6　 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 　7　 kept their spirits up during the journey. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 　8　(encourage) and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 　9　 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and 　10　(determine).
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
Bethany Hamilton was born on the island of Kauai and raised on a surfboard. One of her dreams　1 　(be) to become a professional surfer. Her life was perfect until one day in October 2003 　2　 she was attacked by a cruel shark. The shark bit off part of her board along with her left arm, almost 　3　(kill) her. Fortunately, her friends, though 　4　(scare) to death, managed to save her. At only 13 years old, her dream seemed to disappear.
After the accident, her fears of sharks　5　(great) increased. Hamilton was urged 　6　(stay) away from the waves, but she wouldn't abandon her dream. Instead, Hamilton, though quite aware of the risk of another shark attack, showed her 　7　(brave) by jumping back into the ocean not long after the accident.
“I hardly ever get worried,” says Hamilton. “And I have ways of calming 　8　(I) down. I leave my fears behind once I dive into the water.” Her devotion 　9 　 surfing helps her become what she is. Now, Hamilton is surfing in 　10　(compete) once again and is among the best surfers in the world.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
When I was ten years old, Mum got paralyzed(瘫痪). Before that, she was a lively and active woman who amazed many by her energy. I admired her for all the things she did.
However, everything changed when she turned thirty-one.
I still have vivid images of her before her paralysis. She would play popular music, creating a cheerful atmosphere for lively gatherings. She would joyfully rearrange the furniture to make room for friends to abandon themselves to dance. She often spent hours filling the house with flowers, which we picked fresh from the gardens.
After Mum's paralysis, I began to take care of my 2-year-old sister, Mary Therese. In no time at all, I learned to bathe and feed her. For me it was a giant step beyond playing with dolls. One moment stands out even today: the time Mary Therese fell and skinned her knee, burst into tears and ran past my mother's outstretched arms into mine. Too late, I noticed slight hurt on Mum's face, but all she said was, “It's natural that she should run to you, because you take such good care of her.”
When I was grown-up and entered the field of correction, Mum became interested in working with prisoners. She began writing to them. One day, she asked me to mail a letter to one prisoner, Waymon. I asked for my mother's permission to read it first. It read: When you said that I couldn't imagine what it is like to be in prison, I felt like I had to tell you that you were mistaken. When I awoke one day to find that I was completely paralyzed, I felt trapped, overwhelmed by a sense of being imprisoned in a body that would no longer allow me to dance or carry my child in my arms. But then, I made a choice about whether I would smile when I saw my daughters again or I would weep. I made a resolution to live as fully as I could.
By the time I finished Mum's letter, my eyes clouded with tears. For the first time, I saw my mother in a clearer light.
1.How can we describe Mum before her paralysis
A.Creative.　　　B.Ambitious.　　　C.Adventurous.　　　D.Enthusiastic.
2.What do Mum's words about Therese's choice imply
A.Mum had sharp insight.　　　
B.Mum was emotionally generous.
C.Mum was worried about her position.　　　
D.Mum was absent-minded at that moment.
3.Why did the author cry
A.She regretted what she had done.
B.Waymon's experience was saddening.
C.She witnessed Mum's character shining through.
D.There was some misunderstanding between her and her mother.
B
We've all heard of IQ and EQ, but have you heard of AQ AQ stands for Adversity Quotient and measures your ability to deal with the ups and downs of life. Being able to handle these rough patches we all go through is not only important in our personal lives but in our professional lives. So how can we learn to be more resilient
Adversity can take us by surprise and shock us. In the workplace, it could be in the form of firings, the company we work for going under or being restructured, or us even missing out on a promotion. Failed friendships and relationships, hard financial times and even deaths are things that can occur outside of work. AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us—how likely we are to deal with these situations. It can be used to predict our attitudes, perseverance, longevity, and the way we learn from changes in environment.
Fortunately, there are some steps you can take to help you be more resilient in the face of adversity. First, try and find a meaningful goal. Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome, seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goal. Learning to relax and regulate your emotions is another key step—one way to help you destress is by practicing breathing exercises. Similarly, thinking about things and letting them get to you can cause you to be stressed. See difficulties more as an opportunity to learn and grow emotionally. Finally, make sure you have a good social support network. Being able to talk with someone about the challenges we face can help.
Things happen in life we can't prevent—and sometimes they aren't pleasant. But, taking a few steps to be more resilient can make them a little easier to get through.
4.What adversities are mentioned that can occur in the workplace
A.Being punished.　　　
B.Failed relationships.
C.Missing out on a promotion.　　　
D.The company being supported.
5.What can someone with a high AQ do
A.They can manage their emotions.　　　
B.They can get themselves promoted.
C.They can achieve their goals easily.　　　
D.They can avoid adversities properly.
6.Why does having a meaningful goal help in adverse situations
A.You can concentrate more on a desired result.
B.You can forget about the unpleasant situations.
C.You can see clearly a bump on the way to success.
D.You can completely ignore your negative situations.
7.Which is the best title for the passage
A.EQ:IQ:AQ　　　
B.How to Be Resilient
C.What Is Adversity Quotient 　　　
D.Be Brave in the Face of Adversity
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1　Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.miserable　2.crew　3.sink　4.decent　5.aboard
Ⅱ.1.形容词;激烈而不愉快的　句意:会上提出的计划引起了激烈的争论。
2.形容词;味苦的　句意:据说良药苦口利于病。
3.形容词;严寒的　句意:在严寒中度过一夜之后,探险队再次出发了。
Ⅲ.1.belongings　考查名词。句意:当你离开房间时,请带走所有的财物。设空处被all your修饰,应用名词;这里指“财物;动产”。故填belongings。
易错归因
本题容易错填belonging。belonging意为“归属”, 如a sense of belonging归属感;复数形式belongings 则表示“财物;动产;所有物”。
类比启发
复数形式表示不同含义的名词还有:arms武器;customs 海关;savings存款;manners 礼貌;papers 文件,证件;regards问候。
2.assignments　考查名词及其单复数。句意:在课程(学习)期间,学生将以小组为单位完成四项作业。设空处作动词complete的宾语,前面有数词four,应用名词复数。故填assignments。
3.envious　考查形容词。句意:当我到达他们的婚礼场地时,我忍不住哭了。我非常羡慕他们的幸福。be envious of表示“羡慕/嫉妒……”。故填envious。
4.to　考查介词。句意:因为他们要搬到另外一个城市,所以他们不得不把家具丢给他们的邻居。abandon...to...表示“丢弃/舍弃……给……”。故填to。
5.resolution　考查名词。句意:而且,你的年龄越大,你就越有可能在争吵后解决问题。设空处作动词短语come to的宾语,前面有不定冠词a,应用名词单数。故填resolution。
6.about　考查介词。句意:正如你所看到的,孩子们很受鼓舞,并且他们也对阅读所有这些书非常感兴趣。be enthusiastic about doing sth.表示“对做某事极感兴趣”。故填about。
7.perseverance　考查名词。句意:应该引导年轻人去相信任何事情都是有可能的,有了决心和毅力,任何事情都不能阻挡他们。空前的and连接两个并列的成分作介词with的宾语,由determination可知,设空处也应用名词。故填perseverance。
8.for　考查介词。句意:和他的同学相比,他更有资格担任这个职位,因为他的英语流利,并且他具有团队合作精神。be qualified for表示“能胜任……;具备……的资格”。故填for。
Ⅳ.1.as slowly as;has been urging　2.①such a beautiful beach that　
②so beautiful a beach that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.secretly　考查副词。设空处后是动词,所以用提示词的副词形式修饰动词。故填secretly。
2.to be found　考查不定式的被动式。句意:珀西偷偷地藏在橱柜里,结果却在出发后被发现。设空处所在句已有谓语动词,故这里填非谓语动词。根据设空处前面的逗号和only可知,这里应用不定式表示出乎意料的结果,且find与其逻辑主语Perce之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。
3.was assigned　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指他被指派担任一名服务员。根据主句的谓语动词felt 可知,此处也应用一般过去时,且he与assign之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语he为第三人称单数,故填was assigned。
4.stuck　考查形容词。句意:这艘船在接近南极洲时卡在了冰里,他们不得不弃船。get/become/be stuck 意为“卡住,陷入”。
5.Under　考查介词。under the guidance of...在……的指导下。
6.threw　考查动词时态。故事发生在过去,所以设空处应该使用一般过去时。
7.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为逗号,后面句子缺主语,将a banjo代入后面句子中,句意完整且合理,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰a banjo,故填which。
8.encouragement　考查名词。设空处和其后的名词concern为并列成分,所以用名词encouragement。
9.the　考查冠词。此处特指“他们面对的逆境”,故用定冠词the。
10.determined　考查形容词。设空处前的and连接两个并列成分,由前面的形容词 optimistic可知这里应用形容词determined。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了贝瑟尼·汉密尔顿在遭受鲨鱼袭击致残后,克服恐惧并仍然热爱冲浪的故事。
1.was　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:她的梦想之一是成为一名职业冲浪运动员。根据上下文的时态可知,此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时;主语One of her dreams表示单数意义,谓语动词应用单数。故填was。
2.when　考查定语从句。句意:她的生活一直很完美,直到2003年10月的一天,她被一条残暴的鲨鱼袭击了。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词one day指时间,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导从句。
3.killing　考查现在分词。句意:鲨鱼咬掉了她的冲浪板的一部分和左臂,差点要了她的命。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,主语The shark 与提示词kill之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填killing。
4.scared　考查形容词。句意:幸运的是,她的朋友们虽然吓得要死,但还是设法救了她。此处为状语从句的省略,主语为人,应用scared作表语。故填scared。
5.greatly　考查副词。句意:事故发生后,她对鲨鱼的恐惧大大增加了。设空处修饰动词increased,应用副词。故填greatly。
6.to stay　考查动词不定式。句意:有人力劝汉密尔顿远离海浪,但她不愿放弃自己的梦想。urge sb. to do sth.表示“力劝某人做某事”,此处为其被动形式。故填to stay。
7.bravery　考查名词。句意:相反,汉密尔顿虽然很清楚再次遭到鲨鱼袭击的风险,但她在事故发生后不久就跳回了海里,证明了她的勇敢。设空处作showed的宾语,应用名词。故填bravery。
8.myself　考查代词。句意:汉密尔顿说:“我几乎从不担心,我有办法让自己平静下来……”此处指让“我自己”平静下来,应用反身代词。故填myself。
9.to　考查介词。句意:她对冲浪的热爱帮助她成为现在的样子。devotion to表示“对……的热爱”。故填to。
petitions　考查名词及其单复数。句意:现在,汉密尔顿再次参加冲浪比赛,她是世界上最好的冲浪运动员之一。设空处作介词in的宾语,表示“比赛”,应用名词competition;competition作“比赛”讲时是可数名词,空前无限定词,所以应用名词复数。故填competitions。
【高频词汇】　1.professional adj.职业的　2.attack v.& n.袭击;攻击　3.cruel adj.残忍的;残酷的
4.fortunately adv.幸运地　5.accident n.事故　6.urge v.力劝;敦促;竭力主张　7.(be) aware of 意识到;知道　8.calm sb. down使某人镇定下来　9.devotion n.热爱;奉献
【熟词生义】　raise v.培养;养育
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者的妈妈瘫痪后笑对生活的故事。
1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Before that, she was a lively and active woman who amazed many by her energy.”和第三段中的“She would play popular music... She would joyfully rearrange the furniture...She often spent hours filling the house with flowers...”可推断,作者的妈妈瘫痪前是一个对生活充满热情的人。故选D。
类比启发
常见的描述人物性格和品质的形容词还有:selfless无私的;optimistic乐观的;warm-hearted热心肠的;generous慷慨的;diligent勤奋的;confident自信的;modest谦虚的;friendly友好的;determined坚定的;courageous勇敢的;humorous幽默的。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I noticed slight hurt on Mum's face”和“It's natural that she should run to you, because you take such good care of her.”可知,尽管妈妈脸上有轻微的难过,但她很快释怀了,而且表扬作者把两岁的妹妹照顾得那么好。由此可推断,作者的妈妈在情感上是宽厚的。故选B。
3.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“It read: When you...I made a resolution to live as fully as I could.”可知,当妈妈发现自己完全瘫痪时,她被这种被囚禁的感觉压得喘不过气来,感到绝望。但后来,她决定微笑面对她的女儿们,尽她所能充实地生活。最后一段提到,当“我”读完妈妈的信时,泪水模糊了“我”的眼睛。这是“我”第一次以更清晰的角度看“我”妈妈。因此,作者哭泣是因为她看到了妈妈的人格光辉,被妈妈感动。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.lively adj.充满活力的;活泼的;令人兴奋的　2.amaze v.使惊奇　3.admire v.钦佩;羡慕
4.cheerful adj.令人愉快的;高兴的　5.atmosphere n.氛围;气氛　6.stand out 突出;显眼　7.burst into突然爆发　8.permission n.允许　9.trap v.困住;使陷入困境
【熟词生义】　1.skin v.擦破(身体某部位的)皮肤
2.cloud v.(使)模糊
【差距词汇】　1.rearrange v.重新布置　2.outstretched adj.张开的　3.overwhelm v.(感情或感觉)充溢;压垮
4.imprison v.束缚;禁锢;监禁
长难句
原句　When I awoke one day to find that I was completely paralyzed, I felt trapped, overwhelmed by a sense of being imprisoned in a body that would no longer allow me to dance or carry my child in my arms.
分析　本句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句;find后面是that引导的宾语从句;第二个that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词body。
译文　当我有一天醒来发现自己完全瘫痪时,我感觉被困住了,我的身体不再允许我跳舞,也不允许我把孩子抱在怀里的那种被囚禁的感觉把我压垮了。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AQ的定义以及一些让我们在逆境中更具有适应力的方法。
4.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the workplace, it could be in the form of firings, the company we work for going under or being restructured, or us even missing out on a promotion.”可知,在工作场所,逆境可能会以解雇、公司倒闭或重组、错过晋升机会的形式出现。故选C。
易错归因
本题容易错选B项。虽然第二段也提到了“Failed friendships and relationships”,但不是“in the workplace”,而是“outside of work”。B项犯了文不对题的错误。
5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“AQ measures our ability to go through the shocks when life throws curveballs at us... It can be used to predict our attitudes, perseverance, longevity”可知,AQ能衡量我们在生活中承受冲击的能力,可以预测我们的态度、毅力和持久力。由此可推断,拥有高AQ的人在面对困境时能更好地管理自己的情绪。故选A。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Adaptable people often have an aim and are able to concentrate more on a desired outcome, seeing negative situations as a bump in the road on the way to achieving their goal.”可知,适应性强的人往往有目标,能够更加专注于期望的结果,把不利的处境看作通往实现目标的道路上的障碍。因此,在不利的情况下有一个有意义的目标会让你能够更加专注于想要的结果。故选A。
7.B　主旨大意题。
根据文章结构可知,B项“如何具有适应力”最适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.hear of 听说　2.stand for代表
3.measure v.衡量;测量　4.ups and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱　5.rough adj.艰难的;粗糙的　6.go through 经历
7.occur v.发生;出现　8.regulate v.管理;调节;控制
9.opportunity n.机会　10.challenge n.挑战
【熟词生义】　patch n.一段(艰难)岁月;一段(痛苦)日子
【差距词汇】　1.resilient adj.有适应力的,适应力强的
2.restructure v.重组;重建　3.longevity n.持久力
4.destress v.(使)减压;(使)放松
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