资源简介

(共99张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Using language
NO 1
语法专区——落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
NO 4
课时跟踪检测
目 录
NO 2
听说专区——在主题活动中提升语言技能
NO 3
新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
语法项目——复习情态动词
No.1 语法专区/落实“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背 美 文 Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions and important events. Festivals can① also be held to honour famous people. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors.
续表
背 美 文 Most ancient festivals would② celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Most restaurants ought to③ be full of people during these festivals. For the Qingming Festival, people should④ go to sweep graves in memory of their ancestors. And if you study festivals carefully, you may⑤ be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
续表
悟语法 ①中的can意为“可以”；
②中的would表示过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常会”；
③中的ought to是情态动词，意为“应该”；
④中的should表示责任与义务，意为“应该”；
⑤中的may表示推测，意为“也许会”
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如 must, ought to 等的过去式皆与一般式同形。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多种含义，如 can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，后须接动词原形，一起构成谓语。
二、can与could的用法
1．can与could表示能力，意为“能；会”。
2．can与could表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时，语气更委婉，回答时一般用 can)。
3．can与could用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”。
4．can与could表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。
[对点练]　(填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That ______ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②___________ you please do me a favor
③You _____ tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it ________ be mine.It must be his.
can't
Could/Can
can
can't
三、may与might的用法
1．may与might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。
2．may与might在疑问句中用于征求许可(might表示的语气更委婉)。
3．may与might表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。
4．may 用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。构成句型：
May＋you/n.＋动词原形＋其他……
[对点练]
(1)根据句意填入适当的情态动词
①They often run at high speeds, which ______ put our lives in danger.
②He ______________ have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③________ I have a look at your new computer
(2)完成句子
④Sometimes to use examples to explain abstract concepts____________________.
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
may
may/might
Might
might/may be helpful
四、must与have to的用法
1．must表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度。
2．must其否定形式为 mustn't，意为“不许；禁止”。
3．对以 must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/needn't (不必，没必要)。
4．must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句。
5．must表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。
6．have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观上的必要性。
[对点练]　(选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You _______ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people _________ drive after drinking alcohol.
③You _____________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time._______ you play the piano at such a late hour
must
mustn't
don't have to
Must
五、shall与should/ought to的用法
1．shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
2．shall表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
3．should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”， ought to 语气更强。
4．should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会”。
5．should 表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。
[对点练]　(选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we __________________ seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You _______ have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he ________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
should/ought to
shall
should
六、will/would的用法
1．will 表示现在的“意愿”，would 表示过去的“意愿”。
2．will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
3．will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会；老是”；would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
4．will表示意图或允诺。
[对点练]　(选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _________ take me to the museum at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new guitar when you go to Beijing
—You _____ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
③I was worried that our 15-month-old boy ________ fall into the habit of crying at night.
would
will
would
七、need, dare与had better的用法
1．need 表示必要性，意为“需要”；dare 表示“敢于”。
2．need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。
3．need 和 dare用作实义动词时，need在肯定句中，其后接带to的不定式；在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。dare其后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。
4．had better表示“应该，最好”，无人称和时态的变化。其否定形式为had better not。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better _______ (keep) this card at hand.
②He dares ______________ (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
③My room is in a mess, but I needn't _______ (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it tomorrow morning.
④— Need I hand in the application now
— Yes, you______ ./No, you____________________.
keep
(to) challenge
clean
must
needn't/don't have to
八、情态动词＋have done
情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示对过去发生的动作的推测。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况：
must have done “(过去)一定做了”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做了”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
(1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
(2)表示与过去事实相反
could have done 过去本可以做但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做但实际上做了
[对点练]　(完成句子)
①—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You_______________________________________.
——对不起，妈妈！我这次工作面试又失败了。
——哦，真是太糟糕了。你本该做好充分准备的。
②My book is missing.Who _________________ it
我的书不见了。谁有可能拿走它了呢？
should/ought to have made full preparations
could have taken
③Look what you've done! You _________________________________
_________________________.
看你都做了什么！你本应该更仔细地做这个实验。
④You _________________________ what had happened between us.
你本不必告诉他们我们之间发生了什么事。
⑤You_______________________________, but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes.
你本来能早点通过考试，但你那么粗心，以至于犯这么多错误。
ought to/should have done the
experiment more carefully
needn't have told them
could have passed the exam early
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词完成短文(含否定形式)
Now I have been in the new school for three months and I adapt to the life here well. I ①________ have worried before I came here. The school is beautiful and the classmates are friendly. The teachers speak so clearly that even I ②______ understand what they said well. Students ③______obey school rules and are not allowed to speak freely in class.We ④_____________ arrive at school before 8 o'clock in the morning.One of our rules is that every student ⑤______ wear the school uniform while at school.
needn't
can
must
should/ought to
shall
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成短文
Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①__________________________ (需要维持友谊)．In all our lives we ②_________ (不能生活) without friendship. But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③____________________ (会破坏友谊)．Time goes by, and good friends ④may/might be lost (可能会失去)．True friendship ⑤_______________ (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥__________________________ (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦_________________________________ (应该是亲切而有耐心的)．Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.
needs to maintain friendship
can't live
will spoil friendship
must be sincere
can always be a good teacher
should/ought to be kind and patient
No.2 听说专区/在主题活动中提升语言技能
教材听力 “三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．millions and millions of　 ____________
2．communicate with ____________
3．in many ways ____________
4．take short cuts __________
无数的……
与……沟通
在许多方面
走捷径
5．_____________ 同意，和……意见一致
6．__________ 看起来像……
7．__________________ 与……接触；与……联系
8．_______________ ……的解决办法
agree with
look like
make contact with
the solution to
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．Who think there will be forms of life on other planets
A．Eric.　　 B．Sophie.　　 C．Interviewer.
2．What may life look like on an ocean planet
A．Fish. B．Balloons C．Human beings.
√
√
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．______________ millions and millions of planets like our Earth out there.
2．Statistically, you would ___________________________________ somewhere.
3．I admit __________________________ to the Fermi Paradox.
There must be
think it likely that there are forms of life
that this is a possible answer
4．Since conditions on other planets won't be like those on Earth, ___________________________ they will be like us at all.
5．____________________________ on a cloud planet they could look like balloons.
6．Well, _____________________ evolution would work the same way everywhere.
it isn't reasonable to think that
It has even been suggested that
there's evidence that
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ. 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the two speakers talking about
A．The future plan.
B．The weather.
C．The TV program.
强化训练 “在平时”
√
2．What kind of building is being replaced
A．A department store.
B．An apartment building.
C．A hospital.
3．What will the woman probably do tonight
A．Meet a friend.
B．Visit an exhibition.
C．Study for the test.
√
√
4．What does the man suggest
A．Coming back for a later show.
B．Waiting in a queue.
C．Coming back in five minutes.
5．Why does the man want to leave the umbrella behind
A．He is going away from the south.
B．His mother has told him to do so.
C．He has watched the weather report.
√
√
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What will the weather be like today
A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Snowy.
√
7．Which season does the man like best
A．Fall. B．Spring. C．Winter.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In an auditorium.
B．In a bookstore.
C．In a library.
√
√
9．What has the woman been doing at night
A．Watching the sky.
B．Reading astronomy.
C．Working night shift.
10．What does the woman major in
A．Physics. B．Drama. C．Chemistry.
√
√
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：It's raining again.It is always raining these days.
M：Oh, it won't last long.①The weather report says we will have fine weather this afternoon.
(Text 2)
M：Look! A new building is going up on the next street. ②It's replacing the old department store. I wonder if it'll be just another apartment building that we don't need.
W：I read that it's going to be a hospital.
(Text 3)
M：There is an exhibition about space exploration tonight.I know you have been interested in stars and planets.Would you like to go with me
W：③I'd love to.But you see, I'll have a test tomorrow morning.
(Text 4)
W：The film about significant historical events of space exploration starts in 5 minutes and there's a long line.
M：④Why don't we come back for the next show I'm sure it would be less crowded.
(Text 5)
W：Mom said it's going to rain, so bring an umbrella.
M：⑤The weather report said it was supposed to miss us and hit the northern towns. I'll be fine without one. Mom's always worried for no reason.
W：Oh yeah. You're going south, right
(Text 6)
W: What's the weather going to be like today
M：⑥Rainy and cold — about 4℃.
W：How about tomorrow
M：The weatherman said it's going to be sunny tomorrow.
W：Do you like the climate here
M：Oh yeah.
W：What is the average temperature of Beijing this year
M：It's about 13℃. But in winter, the temperature can fall to 11－16℃ below zero. And we usually have long winters.
W：Okay. So what's your favorite season
M：⑦Well, I prefer spring, when little by little everything becomes green and the weather is almost always nice.
(Text 7)
W: Hi, Greg. What a surprise to see you here!
M：Yeah, I'm working night shift today. What are you doing here
W：Well, I'm trying to look for a book but it has been out for the last three weeks. I thought I would try my luck today, but it was all for naught. I know it's overdue according to the computer. ⑧Just hope the borrower won't hang on to the book for too long.
M：What kind of book is it that you want so much
W：You might not believe this. But I'm into astronomy and the book I want to read is by Stephen Hawking, who wrote about the creation of the universe. Did you notice my eyes ⑨I have been staying up late at night to see the sky and stars.
M：When did you get involved with the universe I never expected you of all people to have the patience to watch the sky, let alone staying up all night. No wonder you were dozing off during the lecture this morning.
W：I know it's embarrassing. But I'm really interested in the mystery of the universe and I'm thinking perhaps ⑩I'm in the wrong major. I should switch to physics instead of taking drama.
二、口语交际训练
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
W： 1
M：Yes. I wonder if you could bring me another bottle of water.
W：Certainly.Would you like anything else？ 2
M：Oh, no.I'm looking forward to it.
W： 3 It's beautiful.Is this your first time into space
M：No, this is the second time for me.
W：Things are quite different in space nowadays.
M：I'm sure they are. 4
W：Well, will you be staying long
M：10 days.We're going to do a very interesting experiment in space, and we're going to do a live lecture in space. 5
W: I think you'll have a good time.Good luck to you!
A．I'm really interested to get here.
B．I think you'll have a wonderful time in space.
C．Of course, we're also going to take pictures of the Earth.
D．Mr Green, you three astronauts will fly into space in a month
E．Are you nervous about this flight
答案：1～5　DEBAC
|多积主题表达|
与“太空探索”有关的表达：
1．extreme adj.　　　　　　 极端的
2．extraordinary adj. 非凡的
3．challenge n. 挑战
4．unpredictable adj. 难以预测的
5．landscape n. 景观
6．severe adj. 严重的
7．defeat v. 打败
8．latitude n. 纬度
9．receiver n. 接收器
10．calculate v. 计算
11．Life in space is wonderful and challenging!
太空生活真是既奇妙又有挑战性！
12．Every day in space I experience amazing and unexpected things.
在太空的每一天，我都会体验到奇妙且又令人意想不到的事情。
13．Time is very precious, because astronauts have a lot of tasks in space.由于航天员在太空的任务有很多，所以时间十分宝贵。
14．Eating in a space capsule is a lot of work, and that's my least favorite thing.
在太空舱中吃饭是一件很费劲的事情，那是我最不喜欢的事情。
15．My favorite thing to do is take pictures of the Earth.
我最喜欢做的事情是给地球拍照。
No.3 新知学习/核心语言点集中释解
1．No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! ...”
难怪这么多人在社交媒体上跟它道别，“再见，亲爱的卡西尼！……”
★no wonder难怪；不足为奇
[用法感知]
①(“活动介绍”类写作佳句)No wonder many students think highly of this exhibition, which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
难怪很多学生对这次展览评价很高，这次展览为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
②It is a wonder that you didn't lose your way in the dark.你在黑暗中居然没有迷路，这真令人惊奇。
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I am wondering whether it is convenient for you to take part in the programme.
我想知道你是否方便参加这个节目。
[归纳点拨]
(1)No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ...
难怪……；……不足为奇
It is a wonder that ... 奇怪的是……
(2)wonder at ... 对……感到惊讶
wonder about ... 对……感到疑惑
wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ...
想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is ______ wonder that he should have passed the exam.
⑤I don't wonder ______ her falling asleep in the middle of the play, for it was a very uninteresting performance.
⑥Apart from hard-working, he was modest._____________________
_________________________.
除了工作努力外，他还很谦虚。难怪他能取得巨大的成就。
a
at
No wonder he could
make great achievements
2．Submit a three-minute video
提交一段三分钟的视频
★submit v．提交；呈递；顺从；屈服；不得已接受
[用法感知]
①You had better not wait until the last minute to submit your paper to your tutor.
你最好不要等到最后一刻才把论文提交给指导老师。
②We should fight with our inner vulnerability bravely rather than submit to it.
我们应当与内心的脆弱勇敢地做斗争，而不是屈服于它。
③If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need to submit it to Smart Animals.
如果你想跟读者分享你的宠物的故事，你要投稿给Smart Animals。
[归纳点拨]
(1)submit to sb./sth.　　　　 屈从于……
submit oneself to sb./sth. 听命于……
submit sth. to sb./sth. 把某物提交给某人/某物
(2)submission n. 提交
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is requested that you should submit your investigation report ___ me before the deadline.
⑤Tomorrow is the last date for ___________(submit) of entries for the competition.
⑥In spite of challenges and hardships in his life, ___________________
_______________________.
尽管他的生活中充满了挑战和磨难，但他下定决心决不向它们屈服。
to
submission
he determined never to
submit (himself) to them
No.4 课时跟踪检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance.The moon may be divided into two major terrains (地形): the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands)．The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands.This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters (陨石坑)：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller.It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration.Earth-based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface.Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely (扩散地) reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange, winding marks.Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size.Small craters have relatively simple shapes.They have round-edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped insides, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters.The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了月球的两大地表特征以及二者之间的区别。
1．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The contrast in the reflectivity ... and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”号和“阿波罗”号是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。
2．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in paragraph 3 as an example of .
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earth-based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Earth-based telescopes can recognize ... led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange, winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到的“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是一个使用地面望远镜发现事物的例子。
3．The last paragraph probably continues with .
A．some differences in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，本段前半部分主要描述了小型陨石坑的特征，因此接下来可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。
4．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
√
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的两大地表特征以及二者之间的区别可知，文章主要介绍了月球的地表特征。
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a child, I was crazy about flying.I spent hours watching birds fly, noting how the angle of their 5 affected their flight. I would then waste tons of fresh printer paper, much to the disappointment of my parents, to 6 various wing types by constructing paper airplanes.
One day, I decided to 7 . I built a plane out of a wooden clothes rack, with plastic bags as parachutes (降落伞)．After being in the air for a second, the world came 8 around me as I fell onto the bed with pieces of wood flying everywhere.
As I grew older, my inner 9 to discover why produced a desire to solve problems, allowing my great 10 for flying to turn into a deep-seated love for engineering.
I began to 11 myself academically, taking the hardest STEM classes offered.I also elected to participate in my school's engineering path. 12 ， I sought to solve problems that affected the real world.Inspired by the 13 crisis in India, I 14 a new purification system that can purify water more efficiently and cost-effectively than conventional plants.
Working on the project, I saw the raw power of engineering — a(n) 15 idea gradually becoming reality. I was spending most of my days 16 the reasons behind things, while also discovering solutions to common problems.
Thirteen years have passed since that first flight, and I have yet to 17 the difficulty of physical human flight. My five-year-old self would have seen the crash as a huge 18 . But the great curiosity that I found in myself that day is still with me. It has continued to push me to challenge myself to 19 ever more complex problems, absorbed in the promise and applicability of engineering.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五岁时试图飞起来，结果失败了，这次经历让作者对飞行的热情变成了对工程的热爱。
5．A.eyes　　　　　　 B．wings
C．tails D．heads
解析：根据后文的“various wing types”可知，作者观察的是鸟类的翅膀角度。
√
6．A.take off B．make up
C．put on D．test out
解析：作者通过制作纸飞机来测试各种机翼类型。
√
7．A.jump B．sing
C．float D．fly
解析：根据后文的“After being in the air for a second”可知，作者决定自己尝试飞行。
√
8．A.running B．burning
C．crashing D．living
解析：作者在空中待了一秒钟后，摔在了床上，木头碎片飞得到处都是。
√
9．A.doubts B．pain
C．drive D．conflicts
解析：根据后文的“to discover why produced a desire to solve problems”可知，作者想弄明白为什么的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望。
√
10．A.passion B．sympathy
C．patience D．praise
解析：根据后文的“for flying to turn into a deep-seated love for engineering”可知，作者对飞行的热情转变为对工程学的热爱。
√
11．A.convince B．behave
C．relax D．challenge
解析：作者选修最难的STEM课程，在学术上挑战自己。
√
12．A.By the way B．Most of all
C．In other words D．Strange enough
解析：最重要的是，作者试图解决影响现实世界的问题。
√
13．A.river B．water
C．energy D．identity
解析：根据下文的“a new purification system that can purify water”可知，作者开发净水系统是受到印度用水危机的启发。
√
14．A.developed B．changed
C．advocated D．informed
解析：根据后文的“a new purification system”可知，此处指作者开发了一种新的净水系统。
√
15．A.abstract B．basic
C．absurd D．main
解析：工程学是一门把抽象想法变成现实的学科。
√
16．A.remembering B．transporting
C．questioning D．seeking
解析：作者寻找事情背后的原因，同时也在寻找常见问题的解决方案。此处和“discovering”为同义词复现。
√
17．A.announce B．reserve
C．overcome D．register
解析：根据后文的“the difficulty of physical human flight”可知，此处表示克服困难。
√
18．A.eruption B．failure
C．honour D．enterprise
解析：根据上文可知，作者五岁时曾试图飞起来，结果失败了。
√
19．A.record B．collect
C．address D．accept
解析：根据后文的“ever more complex problems”可知，此处表示解决更复杂的问题。
√
Ⅲ.语法填空
Scientists have proposed several objectives for a future international lunar research station, 1 (include) moon-based Earth observation and lunar resource utilization (利用), the China Science Daily 2 (report) on Friday.
Zou Yongliao, head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the goals at a recent 3 (nation) space conference.China plans 4 (establish) a basic model for a lunar research station based on two planned exploration missions by 2028, and 5 (subsequent) expand it into an international one.
According to Zou, as scientists continue to develop the blueprint for the research station, they have already made progress by coming up 6 specific objectives for science and application.These objectives mainly involve studying the moon's evolution (进化), exploring star formation and 7 (activity), and observing the sun and Earth from the moon.
Zou also mentioned the 8 (perform) of scientific experiments, like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals 9 solar energy.The scientist noted that the moon is still the “main field” of deep space exploration and that the construction of an international lunar research station is 10 historical necessity.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家们针对未来的国际月球研究站提出了几个目标，包括月球对地观测和月球资源利用。
1．including　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处应用including“包括”构成介词短语，作状语。
2．reported　考查动词的时态。 分析句子可知，report在句中作谓语。由时间状语“on Friday”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．national　考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语space conference，应用形容词作定语。
4．to establish　考查非谓语动词。plan后接不定式作宾语，故填to establish。
5．subsequently　考查副词。修饰动词expand应用副词形式，在句中作状语。
6．with　考查介词。此处考查固定短语come up with，表示“提出”。
7．activities　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，此处用名词与star formation并列作宾语，且activity是可数名词，其前无限定词，故应用复数，表泛指。
8．performance　考查名词。定冠词the与介词of之间应填名词形式，在句中作宾语。performance意为“表现”时为不可数名词。
9．and　考查连词。前后文之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
10．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个历史需要”，应用不定冠词，且historical的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。11 / 11
Section Ⅲ　Using language
语法项目——复习情态动词
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
背美文 　　Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, religions and important events. Festivals can① also be held to honour famous people. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors. Most ancient festivals would② celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Most restaurants ought to③ be full of people during these festivals. For the Qingming Festival, people should④ go to sweep graves in memory of their ancestors. And if you study festivals carefully, you may⑤ be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
悟语法 ①中的can意为“可以”；②中的would表示过去的习惯性动作，意为“过去常会”；③中的ought to是情态动词，意为“应该”；④中的should表示责任与义务，意为“应该”；⑤中的may表示推测，意为“也许会”
慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通
一、情态动词的概念及特征
情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare, shall (should), will (would)等。
情态动词有以下特征：
1．在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有could, would, had to, might等几个过去式，其他情态动词如 must, ought to 等的过去式皆与一般式同形。
2．在意义上，大多数情态动词有多种含义，如 can可以表达“能力；可能；许可”等。
3．在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，后须接动词原形，一起构成谓语。
二、can与could的用法
1．can与could表示能力，意为“能；会”。
2．can与could表示请求和许可(could用来表示请求时，语气更委婉，回答时一般用 can)。
3．can与could用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会；(有时)可能会”。
4．can与could表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示“不可能”。
[对点练]　(填入适当的情态动词或其否定式)
①That ____________ be Mary, for she is in hospital.
②__________ you please do me a favor
③You __________ tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
④—Can this book be yours
—No, it ______________ be mine.It must be his.
三、may与might的用法
1．may与might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。
2．may与might在疑问句中用于征求许可(might表示的语气更委婉)。
3．may与might表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。
4．may 用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。构成句型：
May＋you/n.＋动词原形＋其他……
[对点练]　
(1)根据句意填入适当的情态动词
①They often run at high speeds, which ______ put our lives in danger.
②He __________ have been to some of those places, but I am not sure.
③________________ I have a look at your new computer
(2)完成句子
④Sometimes to use examples to explain abstract concepts _____________.
有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。
四、must与have to的用法
1．must表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”，强调说话人的主观态度。
2．must其否定形式为 mustn't，意为“不许；禁止”。
3．对以 must 开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/needn't (不必，没必要)。
4．must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句。
5．must表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦，意为“偏偏，偏要”。
6．have to表示客观需要，意为“不得不；必须”，强调客观上的必要性。
[对点练]　(选词填空：must/mustn't/don't have to)
①You ______________ be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
②The new law states that people __________ drive after drinking alcohol.
③You ______________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
④John, look at the time.__________ you play the piano at such a late hour
五、shall与should/ought to的用法
1．shall表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
2．shall表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
3．should/ought to表示责任与义务，意为“应该；应当”， ought to 语气更强。
4．should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会”。
5．should 表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。
[对点练]　(选词填空：shall/should/ought to)
①In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we ______________ seek help from those we trust most.
②—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry.You ____________ have it by Friday.
③It's strange that he __________ have taken the books without the owner's permission.
六、will/would的用法
1．will 表示现在的“意愿”，would 表示过去的“意愿”。
2．will/would表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称疑问句中，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。
3．will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“总会；老是”；would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
4．will表示意图或允诺。
[对点练]　(选词填空：will/would)
①I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to the museum at weekends.
②—Daddy, can you buy me a new guitar when you go to Beijing
—You _________ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.
③I was worried that our 15 month old boy __________ fall into the habit of crying at night.
七、need, dare与had better的用法
1．need 表示必要性，意为“需要”；dare 表示“敢于”。
2．need和dare作情态动词时常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化，疑问句和否定句中不加助动词。need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。
3．need 和 dare用作实义动词时，need在肯定句中，其后接带to的不定式；在否定句、疑问句中要加助动词。dare其后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to 的不定式。
4．had better表示“应该，最好”，无人称和时态的变化。其否定形式为had better not。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better __________ (keep) this card at hand.
②He dares ______________ (challenge) all kinds of difficulties.
③My room is in a mess, but I needn't ______ (clean) it before I go out tonight.I can do it tomorrow morning.
④— Need I hand in the application now
— Yes, you __________________.
/No, you _____________________.
八、情态动词＋have done
情态动词可以与实义动词的完成式合用，表示对过去发生的动作的推测。情态动词的完成式常分为以下两种情况：
(1)对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测
must have done “(过去)一定做了”，语气比较肯定，用于肯定句
may/might have done “(过去)可能做了”，语气不确定，用于肯定句和否定句
can/could have done 用于否定句和疑问句，表示怀疑或不确定
(2)表示与过去事实相反
could have done 过去本可以做但实际上没做
needn't have done 过去本不必做但实际上做了
ought to/should have done 过去本应该做但实际上没做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done 过去不应该做但实际上做了
　　[对点练]　(完成句子)
①—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You ____________________________________________.
——对不起，妈妈！我这次工作面试又失败了。
——哦，真是太糟糕了。你本该做好充分准备的。
②My book is missing.Who __________________________________________ it
我的书不见了。谁有可能拿走它了呢？
③Look what you've done! You ___________________________________________.
看你都做了什么！你本应该更仔细地做这个实验。
④You __________________________ what had happened between us.
你本不必告诉他们我们之间发生了什么事。
⑤You ________________________________， but you were so careless as to make so many mistakes.
你本来能早点通过考试，但你那么粗心，以至于犯这么多错误。
活用语法——在针对训练中提能
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词完成短文(含否定形式)
Now I have been in the new school for three months and I adapt to the life here well. I ①__________ have worried before I came here. The school is beautiful and the classmates are friendly. The teachers speak so clearly that even I ②__________ understand what they said well. Students ③__________ obey school rules and are not allowed to speak freely in class.We ④__________ arrive at school before 8 o'clock in the morning.One of our rules is that every student ⑤__________ wear the school uniform while at school.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成短文
Friendship is of great importance.Everyone ①________________________ (需要维持友谊)．In all our lives we ②_____________ (不能生活) without friendship.But real friendship is not easy to come by.Jealousy ③________________ (会破坏友谊)．Time goes by, and good friends ④_____________ (可能会失去)．True friendship ⑤______________ (必须是真诚的) and be based on the understanding of each other.A good friend ⑥____________________ (往往会是一位好老师) to us.A good friend ⑦__________________________ (应该是亲切而有耐心的)．Therefore, the more true friends we have, the better we can improve ourselves.
教材听力“三关过”
一、过词汇关——词块互译
1．millions and millions of　 __________________
2．communicate with __________________
3．in many ways __________________
4．take short cuts __________________
5．______________ 同意，和……意见一致
6．______________ 看起来像……
7．______________ 与……接触；与……联系
8．______________ ……的解决办法
二、过泛听关——听教材录音选最佳答案
1．Who think there will be forms of life on other planets？(　　)
A．Eric.　 B．Sophie.　 C．Interviewer.
2．What may life look like on an ocean planet？(　　)
A．Fish. B．Balloons C．Human beings.
三、过精听关——依据教材听力完成句子
1．____________________ millions and millions of planets like our Earth out there.
2．Statistically, you would ______________________________________ somewhere.
3．I admit ______________________________ to the Fermi Paradox.
4．Since conditions on other planets won't be like those on Earth, _____________________ they will be like us at all.
5．__________________________________ on a cloud planet they could look like balloons.
6．Well, ________________________ evolution would work the same way everywhere.
强化训练“在平时”
一、听力仿真训练
Ⅰ.听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the two speakers talking about？(　　)
A．The future plan.
B．The weather.
C．The TV program.
2．What kind of building is being replaced？(　　)
A．A department store.
B．An apartment building.
C．A hospital.
3．What will the woman probably do tonight？(　　)
A．Meet a friend.
B．Visit an exhibition.
C．Study for the test.
4．What does the man suggest？(　　)
A．Coming back for a later show.
B．Waiting in a queue.
C．Coming back in five minutes.
5．Why does the man want to leave the umbrella behind？(　　)
A．He is going away from the south.
B．His mother has told him to do so.
C．He has watched the weather report.
Ⅱ.听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What will the weather be like today？(　　)
A．Rainy.　　B．Sunny.　　C．Snowy.
7．Which season does the man like best？(　　)
A．Fall. B．Spring. C．Winter.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where does the conversation probably take place？(　　)
A．In an auditorium.
B．In a bookstore.
C．In a library.
9．What has the woman been doing at night？(　　)
A．Watching the sky.
B．Reading astronomy.
C．Working night shift.
10．What does the woman major in？(　　)
A．Physics. B．Drama. C．Chemistry.
二、口语交际训练
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
W：__1__
M：Yes. I wonder if you could bring me another bottle of water.
W：Certainly.Would you like anything else？__2__
M：Oh, no.I'm looking forward to it.
W：__3__It's beautiful.Is this your first time into space
M：No, this is the second time for me.
W：Things are quite different in space nowadays.
M：I'm sure they are.__4__
W：Well, will you be staying long
M：10 days.We're going to do a very interesting experiment in space, and we're going to do a live lecture in space.__5__
W: I think you'll have a good time.Good luck to you!
A．I'm really interested to get here.
B．I think you'll have a wonderful time in space.
C．Of course, we're also going to take pictures of the Earth.
D．Mr Green, you three astronauts will fly into space in a month
E．Are you nervous about this flight
[答题区]　1～5　__________
|多积主题表达|
与“太空探索”有关的表达：
1．extreme adj.　　　　　　 极端的
2．extraordinary adj. 非凡的
3．challenge n. 挑战
4．unpredictable adj. 难以预测的
5．landscape n. 景观
6．severe adj. 严重的
7．defeat v. 打败
8．latitude n. 纬度
9．receiver n. 接收器
10．calculate v. 计算
11．Life in space is wonderful and challenging!
太空生活真是既奇妙又有挑战性！
12．Every day in space I experience amazing and unexpected things.
在太空的每一天，我都会体验到奇妙且又令人意想不到的事情。
13．Time is very precious, because astronauts have a lot of tasks in space.
由于航天员在太空的任务有很多，所以时间十分宝贵。
14．Eating in a space capsule is a lot of work, and that's my least favorite thing.
在太空舱中吃饭是一件很费劲的事情，那是我最不喜欢的事情。
15．My favorite thing to do is take pictures of the Earth.
我最喜欢做的事情是给地球拍照。
1．No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, “Farewell, dear Cassini! ...”难怪这么多人在社交媒体上跟它道别，“再见，亲爱的卡西尼！……”
★no wonder难怪；不足为奇
[用法感知]
①(“活动介绍”类写作佳句)No wonder many students think highly of this exhibition, which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of Chinese art.
难怪很多学生对这次展览评价很高，这次展览为他们探索中国艺术之美提供了一个平台。
②It is a wonder that you didn't lose your way in the dark.
你在黑暗中居然没有迷路，这真令人惊奇。
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I am wondering whether it is convenient for you to take part in the programme.
我想知道你是否方便参加这个节目。
[归纳点拨]
(1)No wonder (that) ...＝It's no wonder (that) ... 难怪……；……不足为奇
It is a wonder that ... 奇怪的是……
(2)wonder at ... 对……感到惊讶
wonder about ... 对……感到疑惑
wonder whether (if)/when/why/how ... 想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is __________ wonder that he should have passed the exam.
⑤I don't wonder __________ her falling asleep in the middle of the play, for it was a very uninteresting performance.
⑥Apart from hard working, he was modest._____________________________________.
除了工作努力外，他还很谦虚。难怪他能取得巨大的成就。
2．Submit a three minute video
提交一段三分钟的视频
★submit v．提交；呈递；顺从；屈服；不得已接受
[用法感知]
①You had better not wait until the last minute to submit your paper to your tutor.
你最好不要等到最后一刻才把论文提交给指导老师。
②We should fight with our inner vulnerability bravely rather than submit to it.
我们应当与内心的脆弱勇敢地做斗争，而不是屈服于它。
③If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, you need to submit it to Smart Animals.
如果你想跟读者分享你的宠物的故事，你要投稿给Smart Animals。
[归纳点拨]
(1)submit to sb./sth.　　　　 屈从于……
submit oneself to sb./sth. 听命于……
submit sth. to sb./sth. 把某物提交给某人/某物
(2)submission n. 提交
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④It is requested that you should submit your investigation report __________ me before the deadline.
⑤Tomorrow is the last date for __________ (submit) of entries for the competition.
⑥In spite of challenges and hardships in his life, _____________________.
尽管他的生活中充满了挑战和磨难，但他下定决心决不向它们屈服。
Section Ⅲ
NO.1　语法专区
慧学语法
二、[对点练]　①can't　②Could/Can　③can　④can't
三、[对点练]　①may　②may/might　③Might
④might/may be helpful
四、[对点练]　①must　②mustn't　③don't have to　④Must
五、[对点练]　①should/ought to　②shall　③should
六、[对点练]　①would　②will　③would
七、[对点练]　①keep　②(to) challenge　③clean
④must; needn't/don't have to
八、[对点练]　①should/ought to have made full preparations　②could have taken
③ought to/should have done the experiment more carefully
④needn't have told them　⑤could have passed the exam early
活用语法
Ⅰ.①needn't　②can　③must　④should/ought to　⑤shall
Ⅱ.①needs to maintain friendship　②can't live
③will spoil friendship　④may/might be lost　⑤must be sincere
⑥can always be a good teacher
⑦should/ought to be kind and patient
NO.2　听说专区
教材听力“三关过”
一、1.无数的……　2.与……沟通　3.在许多方面　4.走捷径　5.agree with　6.look like　7.make contact with
8．the solution to
二、1.B　2.A
三、1.There must be　2.think it likely that there are forms of life
3．that this is a possible answer　4.it isn't reasonable to think that
5．It has even been suggested that　6.there's evidence that
强化训练“在平时”
一、1～5　BACAC　6～10　ABCAB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：It's raining again.It is always raining these days.
M：Oh, it won't last long.①The weather report says we will have fine weather this afternoon.
(Text 2)
M：Look! A new building is going up on the next street. ②It's replacing the old department store. I wonder if it'll be just another apartment building that we don't need.
W：I read that it's going to be a hospital.
(Text 3)
M：There is an exhibition about space exploration tonight.I know you have been interested in stars and planets.Would you like to go with me
W：③I'd love to.But you see, I'll have a test tomorrow morning.
(Text 4)
W：The film about significant historical events of space exploration starts in 5 minutes and there's a long line.
M：④Why don't we come back for the next show I'm sure it would be less crowded.
(Text 5)
W：Mom said it's going to rain, so bring an umbrella.
M：⑤The weather report said it was supposed to miss us and hit the northern towns. I'll be fine without one. Mom's always worried for no reason.
W：Oh yeah. You're going south, right
(Text 6)
W: What's the weather going to be like today
M：⑥Rainy and cold — about 4℃.
W：How about tomorrow
M：The weatherman said it's going to be sunny tomorrow.
W：Do you like the climate here
M：Oh yeah.
W：What is the average temperature of Beijing this year
M：It's about 13℃. But in winter, the temperature can fall to 11－16℃ below zero. And we usually have long winters.
W：Okay. So what's your favorite season
M：⑦Well, I prefer spring, when little by little everything becomes green and the weather is almost always nice.
(Text 7)
W: Hi, Greg. What a surprise to see you here!
M：Yeah, I'm working night shift today. What are you doing here
W：Well, I'm trying to look for a book but it has been out for the last three weeks. I thought I would try my luck today, but it was all for naught. I know it's overdue according to the computer. ⑧Just hope the borrower won't hang on to the book for too long.
M：What kind of book is it that you want so much
W：You might not believe this. But I'm into astronomy and the book I want to read is by Stephen Hawking, who wrote about the creation of the universe. Did you notice my eyes ⑨I have been staying up late at night to see the sky and stars.
M：When did you get involved with the universe I never expected you of all people to have the patience to watch the sky, let alone staying up all night. No wonder you were dozing off during the lecture this morning.
W：I know it's embarrassing. But I'm really interested in the mystery of the universe and I'm thinking perhaps ⑩I'm in the wrong major. I should switch to physics instead of taking drama.
二、1～5　DEBAC
NO.3　新知学习
1．④a　⑤at　⑥No wonder he could make great achievements
2．④to　⑤submission
⑥he determined never to submit (himself) to them4 / 4
UNIT 6　课时检测(三)　Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance.The moon may be divided into two major terrains (地形): the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands)．The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands.This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters (陨石坑)：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller.It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration.Earth based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface.Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely (扩散地) reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks.Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size.Small craters have relatively simple shapes.They have round edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl shaped insides, and depths that are about one sixth their diameters.The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
1．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
2．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earth based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
3．The last paragraph probably continues with ________.
A．some differences in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
4．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a child, I was crazy about flying.I spent hours watching birds fly, noting how the angle of their __5__ affected their flight. I would then waste tons of fresh printer paper, much to the disappointment of my parents, to __6__ various wing types by constructing paper airplanes.
One day, I decided to __7__. I built a plane out of a wooden clothes rack, with plastic bags as parachutes (降落伞)．After being in the air for a second, the world came __8__ around me as I fell onto the bed with pieces of wood flying everywhere.
As I grew older, my inner __9__ to discover why produced a desire to solve problems, allowing my great __10__ for flying to turn into a deep seated love for engineering.
I began to __11__ myself academically, taking the hardest STEM classes offered.I also elected to participate in my school's engineering path. __12__， I sought to solve problems that affected the real world.Inspired by the __13__ crisis in India, I __14__ a new purification system that can purify water more efficiently and cost effectively than conventional plants.
Working on the project, I saw the raw power of engineering — a(n)__15__ idea gradually becoming reality. I was spending most of my days __16__ the reasons behind things, while also discovering solutions to common problems.
Thirteen years have passed since that first flight, and I have yet to __17__ the difficulty of physical human flight. My five year old self would have seen the crash as a huge __18__. But the great curiosity that I found in myself that day is still with me. It has continued to push me to challenge myself to __19__ ever more complex problems, absorbed in the promise and applicability of engineering.
5.A.eyes B.wings
C．tails D.heads
6．A.take off B.make up
C．put on D.test out
7．A.jump B.sing
C．float D.fly
8．A.running B.burning
C．crashing D.living
9．A.doubts B.pain
C．drive D.conflicts
10．A.passion B.sympathy
C．patience D.praise
11．A.convince B.behave
C．relax D.challenge
12．A.By the way B.Most of all
C．In other words D.Strange enough
13．A.river B.water
C．energy D.identity
14．A.developed B.changed
C．advocated D.informed
15．A.abstract B.basic
C．absurd D.main
16．A.remembering B.transporting
C．questioning D.seeking
17．A.announce B.reserve
C．overcome D.register
18．A.eruption B.failure
C．honour D.enterprise
19．A.record B.collect
C．address D.accept
Ⅲ.语法填空
Scientists have proposed several objectives for a future international lunar research station, __1__ (include) moon based Earth observation and lunar resource utilization (利用), the China Science Daily __2__ (report) on Friday.
Zou Yongliao, head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the goals at a recent __3__ (nation) space conference.China plans __4__ (establish) a basic model for a lunar research station based on two planned exploration missions by 2028, and __5__ (subsequent) expand it into an international one.
According to Zou, as scientists continue to develop the blueprint for the research station, they have already made progress by coming up __6__ specific objectives for science and application.These objectives mainly involve studying the moon's evolution (进化), exploring star formation and __7__ (activity), and observing the sun and Earth from the moon.
Zou also mentioned the __8__ (perform) of scientific experiments, like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals __9__ solar energy.The scientist noted that the moon is still the “main field” of deep space exploration and that the construction of an international lunar research station is __10__ historical necessity.
UNIT 6　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了月球的两大地表特征以及二者之间的区别。
1．选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The contrast in the reflectivity ... and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”号和“阿波罗”号是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。
2．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Earth based telescopes can recognize ... led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange, winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到的“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是一个使用地面望远镜发现事物的例子。
3．选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，本段前半部分主要描述了小型陨石坑的特征，因此接下来可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。
4．选B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的两大地表特征以及二者之间的区别可知，文章主要介绍了月球的地表特征。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五岁时试图飞起来，结果失败了，这次经历让作者对飞行的热情变成了对工程的热爱。
5．选B　根据后文的“various wing types”可知，作者观察的是鸟类的翅膀角度。
6．选D　作者通过制作纸飞机来测试各种机翼类型。
7．选D　根据后文的“After being in the air for a second”可知，作者决定自己尝试飞行。
8．选C　作者在空中待了一秒钟后，摔在了床上，木头碎片飞得到处都是。
9．选C　根据后文的“to discover why produced a desire to solve problems”可知，作者想弄明白为什么的内在动力产生了解决问题的欲望。
10．选A　根据后文的“for flying to turn into a deep seated love for engineering”可知，作者对飞行的热情转变为对工程学的热爱。
11．选D　作者选修最难的STEM课程，在学术上挑战自己。
12．选B　最重要的是，作者试图解决影响现实世界的问题。
13．选B　根据下文的“a new purification system that can purify water”可知，作者开发净水系统是受到印度用水危机的启发。
14．选A　根据后文的“a new purification system”可知，此处指作者开发了一种新的净水系统。
15．选A　工程学是一门把抽象想法变成现实的学科。
16．选D　作者寻找事情背后的原因，同时也在寻找常见问题的解决方案。此处和“discovering”为同义词复现。
17．选C　根据后文的“the difficulty of physical human flight”可知，此处表示克服困难。
18．选B　根据上文可知，作者五岁时曾试图飞起来，结果失败了。
19．选C　根据后文的“ever more complex problems”可知，此处表示解决更复杂的问题。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。科学家们针对未来的国际月球研究站提出了几个目标，包括月球对地观测和月球资源利用。
1．including　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处应用including“包括”构成介词短语，作状语。
2．reported　考查动词的时态。 分析句子可知，report在句中作谓语。由时间状语“on Friday”可知，应用一般过去时。
3．national　考查形容词。此处修饰名词短语space conference，应用形容词作定语。
4．to establish　考查非谓语动词。plan后接不定式作宾语，故填to establish。
5．subsequently　考查副词。修饰动词expand应用副词形式，在句中作状语。
6．with　考查介词。此处考查固定短语come up with，表示“提出”。
7．activities　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，此处用名词与star formation并列作宾语，且activity是可数名词，其前无限定词，故应用复数，表泛指。
8．performance　考查名词。定冠词the与介词of之间应填名词形式，在句中作宾语。performance意为“表现”时为不可数名词。
9．and　考查连词。前后文之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
10．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个历史需要”，应用不定冠词，且historical的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

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