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-八年级英语课堂笔记
8A Unit1 Friends
friend
friendship n友谊
friendly adj友好的 be friendly to sb对某人好
enrich
V.使富足，使肥沃 enrich oneself充实自己
rich adj富有的，丰富的 be rich in盛产
teenager n青少年，
teenage adj 青少年的
get along with sb与某人相处
get along well with sb与某人相处融洽
tell the truth
true adj真的 adv.真实地
true 形容词 come true a true friend
truth 名词 tell me the truth
truly 副词 I’m truly sorry about it.
honest 诚实的，反义词是 dishonest
eg. an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 a dishonest boy 一个不诚实的男孩
⑴He is an/a ______/_______boy,we all like /dislike him.
care n /verb 关心 在意 关注
adj careful 小心的 细心的 adv. carefully 细心地
listen to sb. carefully 认真地听某人讲话
May is a careful girl and she does everything carefully.
⑴Be careful with…..小心……
Fire is very dangerous , and we should be careful with it.
⑵take care 小心= look out
Take good care of sb= look after sb well 照顾好某人
We should take good care of the old man =we should look after the old man well.
⑶ care about 关心.关怀/care for sb/sth照料某人/事
⑷ do sth with care =do sth carefully
⑸反义词是careless adj 粗心的 adv. carelessly 粗心地
cheer v.使振奋，欢呼
cheer for sb为某人欢呼
cheer sb up使某人振奋
cheerful adj欢快的，高兴的
cheerless adj无精打采的
make 成为，适合 使….
⑴make sb do sth
The boss made the children _______(work) for 12 hours a day in the past.
用动词原形的有help/ let sb do sth had better (not ) do sth.
Would /Could/will/ can you please do sth …… Why not do sth
类似于make用不带to 的动词原形做宾语补足语的动词有以下几类
一感:feel
二听：listen to ,hear
三让：let, make, have
四看：watch, look at ,see ,notice
eg (often ) see sb do sth ;see sb doing when sb ……
⑵make sb/sth adj/n 使某人、事怎么样
Life here makes me very happy.
⑶make/ think/ find/ believe it adj to do sth使、认为、发现、相信做某事是…….
They make it interesting to do the boring work.
I think it important to learn English.
They found the film very boring.
⑷make sb sth /sth for sb 为某人制作某物
Two men made the king the new clothes/the new clothes for the king.
用法相同的词语有draw cook get buy sing sb sth /sth for sb
give show send bring pass sb sth /sth to sb
10、lie n谎言 verb 撒谎 tell lies
意思 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
lie 躺，位于，在 lying lay lain
lie 说谎 lying lied lied
lay 平放，放置，下蛋 laying laid laid
巧记lie的lay的口诀，轻松识记
规则撒谎，不规则躺
躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则
Eg
⑴At the foot of the mountain _____(lie) a village
⑵The hens______50 eggs last week.
⑶The girl _____on the ground _____to me ,that she had ______the purse on the desk
big bright eyes大大的明亮的眼睛
拓展：small eyes小眼睛；bright-eyes（目光明亮的）
ponytail n马尾辫 She often wears her hair in a ponytail.他经常扎着马尾辫。
12、polite有礼貌的
反义词是impolite
be polite to sb 对某人又礼貌的
adv politely 礼貌地
we should speak to the old man _______(polite)
think----thought n想法 ---thoughtful adj体贴入微的
13、humourous adj 幽默的 n humour
have a (good) sense of humour = be (very) humorous (很）有幽默感 a sense of ... ......感
Max has a good sense of ______(幽默) and often tells us funny jokes.
She is very ______（幽默） and often _______(make) them laugh.
bore作及物动词，意为“使厌倦”“使枯燥”。
bored过去分词用作形容词，指人所处的状态。意为“感到厌倦”
boring形容词，指事物的性质。意为“令人厌烦的""无聊的”
15、trust信任
I trust you.我信任你
trust in sb/ sth相信，信任，信赖某人、事
she needs to trust more in her abilities她需要更加相信自己的能力
区别于believe 相信，认为真实，及物动词
Do you believe me
16、impatient adj 不耐烦的
Be patient with sb 对某人有耐心
Be patient enough to do sth足够有耐心去做某事
17、be willing to do译为：乐意做某事= be ready to do sth./ _be glad to do sth._/_be happy to do sth./be pleased to do sth._
如：你愿意帮我提一下这个重箱子吗？____ you _____ ____ _____me ____ the heavy box
我们应该乐意帮助有需要的人。We ____ ____ ____ ____ help the people ____ _____
今晚你乐意和我一起去看电影吗？
_______you______________ go to the cinema with me tonight
18、worry v 困扰担心
worry about sb/sth担心某人
worried adj担忧的，发愁的
be worried about sb/sth担心某人某事
19、act v行动举动
action n行为
take action to do 采取行动做某事
active 积极的，活跃的
activity n活动
actor n男演员 actress n女演员
20、encourage v鼓励 courage n勇气
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做
encouragement n鼓励
21、What is he like 他是什么样的 （侧重性格） like是prep.
What does he look like 他看起来什么样 （侧重外貌） like是prep.（介词）
What does he like 他喜欢什么 like是vt.（动词）
22、 keep a secret = keep secrets 保守秘密
keep a secret for sb 替某人保守秘密 / keep a secret to oneself为自己保守秘密
keep a diary = keep diaries 记日记
23、common n共同，普通，常识
have sth in Common 有共同之处
adj 共同的，常见的，普遍的=usual
commen sense常识
adv commonly 一般地
24、mind v.介意，反对，苦恼
mind doing sth 介意做某事 Mind sb /one’s doing sth 介意做某事
Never mind 没关系，别记在心上
keep in mind记住
change one’s mind 改变某人的想法
make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事
make up her mind to train as a nurse下定决心培训当护士
25、death n．死亡 →die u．死，死亡 →dead adj．死的 →dying adj．临终的，垂死的
易混辨析:die, dead与death
die 死 瞬间动词, 不能和表示一段时间 的状语连用
dead 死亡的 作形容词， 常和be动词搭配(be dead), 表状态
death 死亡 作名词， 为可数名词
dying 快死的 作形容词
die of 指死于疾病衰老情感等内在原因。
die from 死于外部原因 (主要指事故,地震等外部原因)
★die of hunger死于饥饿
★die from an earthquake/a traffic accident死于地震/交通事故
1).His father _____________for three years.他的父亲已经去世三年了。
2).We felt sorry for his _____________. (die)
26、has 动词，“长着，” 在句中作谓语动词；
with 介词，“长着，戴着”，在句中作定语
wear 动词，“穿着，戴着”，在句中作谓语动词；
in 介词，“穿着”，在句中作定语
1) My sister has short hair. 动词，长着，做谓语动词
2） The girl with short hair is my sister.介词，长着，做定语，修饰the girl,不可用has,因为句中已经有谓语动词is
3)My sister wears small round glasses.
4)The girl with small round glasses is my sister.
课本例句：She’s a small girl with a ponytail.（page 14)（作定语）
27、试比较：say，tell，talk，speak。
a．tell及物动词，通常用tell sb．sth．(双宾语)，除开一些名词(a lie，story，the truth)之外.
b．say作及物动词。通常接一个宾语。Please say it in English．请用英语说。
c．talk不及物动词，后接about，意为“谈论有关……”。to／with sb．意为“与某人交谈”。
d．speak作及物动词，后接语言
28、写作借鉴
人物描写顺序
先从外貌入手如“Betty,my best friend,is a slim girl with big bright eyes”让读者对人物有直观印象，再描述性格品质，”Kind and helpful,Betty is ready to help anyone any time.”使人物更丰满立体。
事例支撑
比如她在公交车给需要的人让座等来展示Betty的善良和乐于助人。
Grammar
1. 修饰原级：
very, quite, so, such, much too, too
She is as slim as I am. 她和我一样苗条
as + 形容词原级 + as意为“和……一样……”。
否定句可用as／so+形容词原级+as，意为“不如……”“不及……”。
如：He is not as／so smart as you．他不如你那么神气。
肯定句中不能用so代替第一个as。
2.adj./adv.比较级用法
（1）修饰比较级：much, far, even, too much, a little, a bit
Now the air in our hometown is much better than it was before
He ran even more happily (happy ) at that time.
（2）易混淆的两个句型：
He is the tallest (tall) of the 3 students.
He is the taller (tall) of the 2 students
（3）重要的句型转换：比较级+than any other +单数名词
=比较级+than the other +复数名词 =最高级+范围
He is the tallest in our class.
He is taller than anyone else in our class.
= any other student in our class.
= (all) the other students in our class.
= No one else is taller than him in our class.
（4）易混淆的：
● Wuhan is bigger than ________ city in China.
● Wuhan is bigger than _____ city in Jiangsu.
A. all the other B. any C. other D. any other
（5）表一方随另一方变化而变化(越……, 越……):
the +比较级 (+主 +谓), the+比较级 (+主 +谓)”
1) 越高越坏。The higher, the worse
（6）表本身程度变化(越来越……): 比较级+and +比较级
His shoes are dirtier and dirtier.
Clothes are more and more expensive.
They dance more and more beautifully.
（7）the + 比较级 + of the two两者” 　　表示“在两者中较
Lily is ___________ (short) of the two girls.
（8）为免重复，在than后常用one(s), that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词
(C )The weather there is better than _____ in Nanjing.
A. one B. it C. that D. those
adj./adv.最高级用法
1. adj.最高级也可用one’s替代the adv.最高级可省略the
2. 最高级后常有介词短语(of/among/in …) 来表示范围
3.one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数形式
● Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.
4. the second/third/fourth…+最高级 表示“第几……” (序数词可以修饰最高级)
Millie is the third _________(tall) in her class.
Huanghe is the second longest river in China.

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