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高考真题练
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(2022天津,C )
Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知) What about our body Is it possible for thoughts and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don't have emotions so much as needs—they don't feel sad, they're just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers' heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they're cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects' fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it If you're having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you're physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions.
1.According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in　　　.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B.revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C.offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D.bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
2.Where does the newborns' understanding of their surroundings start from
A.Their personal looks.　　　B.Their mental needs.
C.Their inner emotions.　　　D.Their physical feelings.
3.The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove　　　.
A.environment impacts how we judge others
B.how body temperature is related to health
C.the mind and the body influence each other
D.how humans interact with their surroundings
4.What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5
A.Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B.Human senses have effects on thinking.
C.Human language is shaped by visual images.
D.Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
5.What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph
A.To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B.To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C.To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D.To deepen the reader's understanding of EC.
高考词汇站
派生/合成词汇
1.origin n.起源→　　　　v.起源
2.precise adj.准确的,确切的→　　　　adv.准确地
3.understand v.理解→understandable adj.可以理解的→　　　　adv.可以理解地
4.react v.(对……)作出反应→　　　　n.反应
5.evaluate v.评价,评估→　　　　n.评价,评估
6.personal adj.个人的→　　　　adj.人际的
7.newborn n.　　　
8.heartbeat n.　　　
9.mainstream adj.　　　
10.supercomputer n.　　　
11.mind-body adj.　　　
熟词生义
12.shape v.　　　
高考真题练
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。心理学家的一项EC理论表明,我们不是只有大脑负责人类的认知,我们的身体也负责思考或者解决问题。更确切地说,思维塑造身体,身体同等程度地塑造思维。
1.D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“EC理论表明,我们的身体也负责思考或解决问题。更确切地说,思维塑造身体,身体同等程度地塑造思维”可知,EC理论认为我们的身体就像大脑一样塑造我们的认知,因此推断EC理论的意义在于让我们更接近人类认知的真理。故选D项。
2.D　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“他们没有如同需求那么多的情感——他们不会感到悲伤,他们只是饿,需要食物。即使是未出生的婴儿也能感觉到母亲的心跳,这具有镇静效果。在现实世界中,他们冷了就哭,然后被拥抱。这样,他们开始将温暖与被爱联系起来”可知,新生儿对周围环境的理解依靠的是身体感觉。故选D项。
3.C　推理判断题。第四段首句指出“进一步的研究证实了身心互动”。接下来列举了两个实验,“在一项实验中,测试对象被要求在被递给热饮或冷饮后对他人做出判断。当他们的指尖感知到温暖而不是凉爽时,他们都做出了温暖的评价”表明,身体会影响到思维;“在另一项研究中,测试对象的指尖温度是在被‘纳入’或‘拒绝’小组任务后测量的。那些被纳入在内的人感到身体更温暖”表明,身体会受到思维的影响,因此推断实验进一步证明了身体与思维之间的相互作用。故选C项。
4.B　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的主题句“为了进一步证明,我们可以看看我们不假思索就使用的比喻说法”以及下文的陈述“一个善良和富有同情心的人经常被称为心软的人,而在困难的情况下非常坚强和冷静的人通常被描述为坚如磐石”可推断,作者引用比喻说法是为了进一步证明我们人类的感觉对思维有影响。故选B项。
5.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“既然你已经掌握了身心互动的知识,为什么不使用它呢 ”以及下文中列举的两个现实生活中的情况“如果你今天过得很糟糕,一杯热茶会给你带来瞬间的快乐。如果你知道自己身体很冷,在做出任何人际关系的决定之前先热身”可知,已经知道理论知识,且在现实生活中有一定的运用价值,所以作者写最后一段是为了鼓励读者把EC理论用于实践。故选C项。
【高考词汇站】　1.originate　2.precisely　3.understandably
4.reaction　5.evaluation　6.interpersonal　7.新生儿
8.心跳　9.主流的　10.超级计算机　11.身心的
12.决定……的形成,塑造
长难句
原句　Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions.
分析　本句是并列复合句。while意为“而,然而”,连接两个并列分句,表示对比。在第一个分句中,believe后边是省略了that的宾语从句;在第二个分句中,that引导宾语从句。
译文　年长的西方哲学家和主流语言研究者认为这是事实,而EC理论推断,大脑和身体就像一台有机超级计算机一样协同工作,处理一切并形成你的反应能力。

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