资源简介

UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
Part 1　TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We cani　　　　 the meaning of the word in the context.
2.Each week, 　　　　 (参与者) will be asked to complete a topic-specific reflection task.
3.This is one of the most exciting developments in 　　　　(生物学) in recent years.
4.His research is not only for the b　　　　of our nation, but the world.
Ⅱ.选词填空
participate in; warm up; on one's own; suffer from; be honored as
1.Living　　　　　　 can help her to become self-reliant(自力更生的).
2.The coach told us to 　　　　　　 before entering the pool.
3.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people 　　　　　　 blindness for lack of proper treatment.
4.We all agree that he deserves to 　　　　　　 the most valuable player.
5.Because of her excellent dancing skills, the school picked her to　　　　　　 the national dancing competition.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.It is possible that in the course of time a cure　　　　　 cancer will be found.
2.We went to the airport early　　　　　(have) enough time to check in.
3.Our society needs the full　　　　　(participate) of its young citizens.
4.This technical　　　　　(innovate) will save us much time and labour.
5.I felt that the punishment was not　　　　　(justify), and I believed I deserved a second chance.
6.By my　　　　　 (calculate), 5% of the students failed the exam.
7.Up to now, China 　　　　　(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves(红树林).
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.植物有能力区分不同波长的光。(一句多译)
①Plants 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 between different wavelengths of light. (capable;distinguish)
②Plants 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 between different wavelengths of light. (able;distinguish)
2.他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。(devote)
He decided to 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　investigation.
3.正是因为他违背了诺言,他才受到惩罚。(强调句型;promise)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　he was punished.
4.你刚才在哪儿 我们一直在到处找你。 (完成时)
Where have you been We　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for you everywhere.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Mr. Scold, 77 years old, came to me for his blood pressure reading of 190/80. He claimed he hadn't changed any of his medicine. During the appointment with him, I found an interesting detail—a few months ago, he had received a subscription(订阅)to a national newspaper.
Rather than think about growing the prettiest roses in town, Mr. Scold began to worry about mad cow disease, global trade wars and more he learned from the newspaper. With his new and vast circle of concern, his blood pressure was through the roof.
Our little three-pound brain was once busy securing bread and meat for the longest time. But now it has suddenly become aware of massive unsolvable problems, from a large asteroid(小行星)that nearly missed the earth, to the man-made conflicts that occupy the headline news. However, no matter how predictable your daily life is, once these big problems occupy your mind, peace and good sleep will disappear.
A few years ago, in our house, we faced a very different local threat. An unwelcome visitor got into our basement—a mouse. The whole family came together to face this threat. When we finally caught the mouse, I realized that during those two days, we ignored the outbreak of wars in some parts of the world and the fact that the economy was facing headwinds.
“Sometimes, maybe the mere daily problems are a gift for us,” I thought. A solvable problem draws attention away from big unsolvable problems. I felt genuinely thankful that the mouse gave me this wisdom. The clicking refrigerator noise, the overgrown weeds and my one-star reviews—I have started to welcome the little annoyances, which keep my mind busy and serve as the protection against the worry of the big unsolvable problems.
I almost forgot to tell you about Mr. Scold. He cut down the daily dose(剂量)of negative information, and in a few weeks his blood pressure was back to normal.
1.Why did Mr. Scold's blood pressure rise
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.He failed to grow the best roses in town.　　　
B.He devoted much time to the newspaper.
C.He was exposed to a lot of negative news.　　　
D.He was concerned about his physical health.
2.What effect did the experience of catching the mouse have on the author
A.It increased his concern about his disease.　　　
B.It drew his mind off the unsolvable problems.
C.It turned his normal life totally upside down.　　　
D.It warned him that our daily life was predictable.
3.What might the author advise us to do
A.Keep track of social concerns.　　　
B.Care about the elderly in need.
C.Have regular medical check-ups.　　　
D.Focus on the solvable problems.
4.Which can be the best title for the text
A.The gift of little daily problems　　　
B.The power of working as a family
C.The pursuit of living a fulfilling life　　　
D.The secret to normal blood pressure
Ⅱ.七选五
　　With the popularity of mobile phones and other electronic devices, more and more e-book products are created and these products have brought convenience to many young readers. 　1　. If you're interested in physical books, here are some benefits they bring.
　2　
When people settle down to the latest must-read novel in print, they don't get those annoying notifications(通知) in electronic reading. “Unless you've taken the time to turn off all the notifications, a digital reader is designed to interrupt,” Baron says.
Less eye strain(眼疲劳)
　3　. But actually, it's much worse reading on screens. “If you look at what students say—my eyes hurt or I have headaches—overwhelmingly they noticed greater eye strain reading digitally,” says Baron.
Greater academic achievements
　4　. The authors of a June 2014 study published in Oxford Academics looked at data examining academic performance of 200,000-plus students in 42 nations taking part in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and reached the conclusion.
Better sleep
Depressingly, there are plenty of studies that show that reading on digital devices like phones and e-readers will negatively impact sleep. In a 2015 study, researchers at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, found that study participants reading digital books took longer to fall asleep and were less sleepy. 　5　. That way, eyes and the mind have time to relax.
Educational trends come and go, so maybe the shift back to traditional books won't last. But for the moment, I find myself standing at attention, relaxing my textbook-built shoulders and preparing for their glorious return.
A.Fewer notifications
B.Less interruption
C.Thus people had better turn e-reading devices off one hour before bedtime
D.The number of books in a family home strongly influences children's academic performance
E.People experience eye strain from reading in both media
F.People suffer from eye strain from digital reading
G.However, physical books are more learning-friendly than digital books
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
　　As a child I never worried about losing my hearing, even though many other members of my family had done so. It seemed that I was one of the　1　 ones. I had a lovely voice and felt 　2　 about my singing. At 13, I made my debut(初次登台) in a school performance of Carlo Menotti's opera and knew then that I belonged on stage.
But then I noticed that if I didn't sit at the front in lectures, I would　3　 to hear. I went to the hospital to have a 　4　 test. I felt desperate and my ambition was 　5　 by a diagnosis of incurable nerve deafness. What a depressing matter it was!
However, my bravery persuaded me to　6　 my plans and I went on to study at the Royal Northern College of Music. I kept my 　7　 a closely guarded secret, convinced that admitting it would 　8　 my career. I won roles on merit(凭才能), but the added fear and anxiety at auditions(试唱) 　9　 me.
At 28, I made my debut at Sadler's Wells Theatre. But my hearing loss was　10　, and I couldn't hear myself sing any more. I'd get a feeling of terror and want to 　11　 before every performance. 　12　, a superb technician fitted hearing aids in my ears, making me self-conscious and my confidence grew. I was fast learning to 　13　, singing by wearing them. Recording music is now a joy and acoustic(原声的) sounds through the headphones help me relax. I thought I met a blessing.
　14　 in technology mean my latest hearing aids are wireless, and my performance is at its peak. I continue to tour the world. This year, I decided it was time to be 　15　, not ashamed, and went public as the deaf mezzo-soprano. 　　　　　　　　　
1.A.clever　　　B.lucky
C.pitiful　　　D.active
2.A.curious　　　B.anxious
C.awkward　　　D.confident
3.A.struggle　　　B.hesitate
C.pretend　　　D.ease
4.A.blood　　　B.hearing
C.sight　　　D.memory
5.A.achieved　　　B.developed
C.destroyed　　　D.extended
6.A.figure out　　　B.stick to
C.look forward to　　　D.give up
7.A.background　　　B.score
C.ambition　　　D.deafness
8.A.start　B.further　　　　C.change　D.ruin
9.A.puzzled　　　B.consumed
C.impressed　　　D.inspired
10.A.accelerating　　　B.resisting
C.recovering　　　D.disappearing
11.A.rest　　　B.play
C.drill　　　D.flee
12.A.Thankfully　　　B.Clearly
C.Actually　　　D.Generally
13.A.forget　　　B.judge
C.cooperate　　　D.adapt
14.A.Drawbacks　　　B.Applications
C.Improvements　　　D.Regulations
15.A.famous　　　B.creative
C.proud　　　D.innocent
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
Part 1　TOPIC TALK
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.infer　2.participants　3.biology　4.betterment
Ⅱ.1.on her own　2.warm up　3.suffered from　4.be honored as　5.participate in
Ⅲ.1.for　考查介词。句意:治疗癌症的方法终有一天能找到。a cure for...治疗……的方法。
易错归因
此题容易误填of。of表示所属关系,而for具有目的性,即“为了癌症而治疗”,因此要用介词for与cure搭配。
2.to have　考查动词不定式。句意:为了有足够的时间办登机手续,我们提早去了机场。由句意可知此处应用动词不定式,表示目的。
3.participation　考查名词。句意:我们的社会需要年轻公民的充分参与。设空处在句中作needs的宾语,且根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of可知此处应用名词。
4.innovation　考查名词。句意:这项技术革新可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳动。设空处在句中作主语,根据空前的technical可知此处应用名词。
5.justified　考查形容词。句意:我觉得这种惩罚是不合理的,我认为我应该再得到一次机会。根据was可以判断设空处作表语,结合句意可知此处应填形容词justified,意为“合理的”。
6.calculation　考查名词。句意:根据我的计算,5%的学生考试不及格。根据前面的介词By可知,这里用名词形式,故填calculation。
7.has established　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。根据时间状语Up to now可知,应用现在完成时;主语为China,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填has established。
Ⅳ.1.①are capable of distinguishing　②are able to distinguish　2.devote the rest of his life to　3.It was because he broke his promise that　4.have been looking
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”通过病人Scold先生的故事以及自己捕捉老鼠的经历感悟到:比起心系一些无法解决的大事,关注身边可解决的小事更有利于身体健康。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段“Scold先生没有考虑在城里种植最漂亮的玫瑰,而是开始担心疯牛病、全球贸易战以及他从报纸上了解到的更多事情。有了新的、广阔的关注圈,他的血压飙升”可知,自从接触很多消极的消息后,他的血压上升了。故选C项。
2.B　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“冰箱的咔嚓声、杂草丛生和一星评论——我已经开始欢迎这些小麻烦,它们让我的大脑忙碌,并使我避免担忧无法解决的大问题”可知,“我”由衷地感谢老鼠事件给“我”的启示:生活中的小麻烦让“我”忙碌起来,能防止“我”担忧无法解决的大问题。故选B项。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第五段中“我”得到的感悟:生活中的小麻烦让“我”忙碌起来,能防止“我”担忧无法解决的大问题,以及最后一段“我差点忘了告诉你关于Scold先生的事。他减少了每日负面信息的量,几周后他的血压恢复正常了”可知,Scold先生在少看消极的新闻以后血压回归正常。由此推断作者建议我们关注生活中可以解决的问题。故选D项。
4.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了“我”通过生活中的两件事情感悟到关注身边可以解决的小问题能减少烦恼。所以,日常生活中的小问题其实是生活赠予我们的礼物。故选A项。
【高频词汇】　1.appointment n.约会,约定　2.aware adj.意识到的,明白的;察觉到的　3.conflict n.矛盾,冲突,争执　4.occupy v.占用(空间、时间等);使忙于
5.threat n.形成威胁的事物;威胁,恐吓　6.ignore vt.忽视;对……不予理会　7.wisdom n.智慧,才智
【熟词生义】　reading n.(仪表的)读数
【差距词汇】　headwind n.逆风;顶风
长难句
原句　But now it has suddenly become aware of massive unsolvable problems, from a large asteroid that nearly missed the earth, to the man-made conflicts that occupy the headline news.
分析　本句是主从复合句。from...to...从……到……,在句中表示problems的范围,第一个that引导的定语从句修饰asteroid,第二个that引导的定语从句修饰conflicts。
译文　但现在,它(大脑)突然意识到大量无法解决的问题,从一颗几乎与地球擦肩而过的大型的小行星到占据头条新闻的人为冲突。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在数字时代,屏幕使人眼疲劳,但人们可以做很多事来减轻数码产品造成的眼疲劳。
1.G　细节句。根据上文“随着手机和其他电子设备的普及,越来越多的电子书产品被创造出来,这些产品给许多年轻读者带来了便利”和下文“如果你对纸质书感兴趣,这里有它们带来的一些好处”可知,设空处与上文构成转折,指出纸质书比电子书更有好处。故选G。
2.B　主旨句。根据本段内容可知,本段的主旨是纸质书不容易被通知打断阅读,B选项“少打扰”符合语境,故选B。
3.E　细节句。根据下文可知,看屏幕阅读更容易眼疲劳,由此可知此处是在比较两种阅读方式对眼疲劳的影响。E选项“人们在两种媒体上阅读都会感到眼疲劳”符合语境,故选E。
4.D　细节句。根据小标题“Greater academic achievements”以及下文对学生学习成绩数据的研究并得出了结论可推知,设空处是在说明其研究的具体结论。D选项“家里的书的数量对孩子的学业表现有很大的影响”符合语境,故选D。
5.C　细节句。根据下文可知,那样的话,眼睛和大脑都有时间放松,C选项“因此人们最好在睡前一小时关掉电子阅读设备”符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.convenience n.方便　2.benefit n.好处,益处　3.interrupt v.打断;打扰　4.publish v.发表;出版
5.performance n.表现;表演
长难句
原句　The authors of a June 2014 study published in Oxford Academics looked at data examining academic performance of 200,000-plus students in 42 nations taking part in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and reached the conclusion.
分析　本句是简单句。主语是The authors,谓语是looked at 和 reached;looked at的宾语是data, reached的宾语是the conclusion;现在分词短语examining academic performance...作data的后置定语;现在分词短语taking part in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)作students的后置定语。
译文　2014年6月发表在《牛津学术》上的一项研究的作者们研究了调查参加经济合作与发展组织和国际学生评估项目的42个国家的20多万名学生的学业表现的数据,得出了该结论。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者有一副好嗓子,对唱歌充满信心。后来作者的雄心壮志因她被诊断患有无法治愈的神经性耳聋而被毁掉。幸运的是,一位技术精湛的技师给作者的耳朵装上了助听器,作者的信心随之增加,后来很自豪地公开了自己是失聪的女中音这件事。
1.B　根据第一句可知作者的许多家人都失去了听力,再由后文可知,作者声音条件非常好,对唱歌感到自信,13岁时就亮相舞台,因此作者认为自己很幸运。故选B。
2.D　根据“I had a lovely voice”和“knew then that I belonged on stage”可知,作者对自己的歌唱充满信心。curious好奇的;anxious焦虑的;awkward尴尬的;confident自信的。故选D。
3.A　由下文可知作者的听力出现了问题,所以此处指如果作者在听课时不坐在前排,就必须很努力地去听。 struggle努力,挣扎;hesitate犹豫;pretend假装;ease减轻。故选A。
4.B　由上下文可知作者应该是去医院做听力检查。故选B。
5.C　由上文可知作者对结果感到绝望,所以此处表示作者的雄心壮志被毁掉。achieve取得,完成;develop发展;destroy毁坏;extend延长。故选C。
6.B　由下文“I went on to study at the Royal Northern College of Music”可知,作者去了英国北方皇家音乐学院学习,所以是作者的勇气说服她坚持自己的计划。figure out弄明白;stick to坚持;look forward to期待;give up放弃。故选B。
7.D　由上文可知作者被诊断出听力出现了问题,由此推知此处是指作者对自己的听力障碍守口如瓶,deafness是原词复现。background背景;score得分;ambition雄心;deafness耳聋。故选D。
8.D　由上下文可知作者喜欢唱歌,显然听力有问题对作者的事业十分不利,所以作者认为如果不保密会毁了她的事业。start开始;further促进;change改变;ruin毁掉。故选D。
9.B　由上文可知作者不敢泄露自己听力有问题的事情,所以作者在试唱时应该是充满了恐惧和焦虑。puzzle使困惑;consume使充满;impress给……留下印象;inspire鼓舞。故选B。
10.A　由上文“But then I noticed that if I didn't sit at the front in lectures, I would 　3　 to hear.”可知作者听力出现问题,但在近处还是可以听到的,由下文“I couldn't hear myself sing any more”可知作者再也听不到自己唱歌了,前后对比可知作者的听力正在加速下降。accelerate加快;resist抵制;recover恢复;disappear消失。故选A。
11.D　由“I'd get a feeling of terror”可知每次演出前,作者都会有一种恐惧感,所以“想要逃离”符合语境。rest休息;play玩耍;drill训练;flee逃跑。故选D。
12.A　由下文可知一位技术精湛的技师给作者的耳朵装上了助听器,这让她的信心增强,这是一件值得庆幸的事。thankfully庆幸的是;clearly清晰地;actually实际上;generally大体上。故选A。
13.D　上文提到“making me self-conscious”,所以此处承接上文,表示作者很快就学会了适应,戴着它们唱歌。forget忘记;judge判断;cooperate合作;adapt适应。故选D项。
14.C　由“my latest hearing aids are wireless”可知,科技进步了。drawback缺点;application应用;improvement改进处;regulation规则。故选C。
15.C　由上文“my performance is at its peak. I continue to tour the world.”可知,作者事业很成功,再结合“not ashamed...”可知,此处应该是作者不再感到羞耻,而是为自己的成就感到骄傲。famous出名的;creative有创造力的;proud骄傲的;innocent无辜的。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.desperate adj.绝望的　2.ambition n.雄心,抱负　3.bravery n.勇敢　4.convinced adj.坚信的,确信的　5.anxiety n.焦虑,忧虑　6.ashamed adj.羞愧的,惭愧的,内疚的
【熟词生义】　consume v.使充满
【差距词汇】　incurable adj.不能治愈的
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