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UNIT 4　HUMOUR
Part 4　LESSON 3 MY FAVOURITE COMEDIAN
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The girl sat in the front and　　　　(咀嚼)the candy slowly.
2.She fixed a lot of　　　　(镜子) on the wall for her daughter to practice dancing.
3.We offer 　　　　(奖学金) to low-income schools and youth organizations.
4.They　　　　(遇到) many difficulties but they didn't give up.
5.There are many g　　　　 in the field of music, for example, Beethoven and Mozart.
Ⅱ.选词填空
rely on; make an attempt; busy oneself (doing...); on the contrary
1.Nowadays some students don't 　　　　　　their teachers for help but do some research on their own.
2.The difficulties didn't stop us. 　　　　　　, they improved our ability to solve problems.
3.The girl 　　　　　　 preparing for the exam and made much progress.
4.Wang Yaping 　　　　　　 to walk out of the spaceship and became the first female Chinese astronaut to walk in space.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The world today is moving at a so high pace that we 　　　　　 (rare) stop to listen to each other.
2.We set up the organization 　　　　　(pure) to provide voluntary service.
3.A smile is a 　　　　　(universe) language around the world.
4.This comic book is designed　　　　　(most) for children under six.
5.When my mother saw my　　　　　(create), she told me how creative my design was.
6.We were　　　　　(astonish) to find that the oil price had been going up in recent months.
7.Beijing has a reputation　　　　　 hosting the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.
8.He graduated from Peking University in 2001,　　　　　(obtain) his master's degree.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.昨天学生们被他们的老师讲的有趣的故事逗笑了。(amuse)
The students　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the funny stories given by their teacher yesterday.
2.贝多芬很小就表现出音乐天赋。(一句多译)
①Beethoven　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 music at a very young age. (talent)
②Beethoven 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　music at a very young age. (talented)
3.正是通过努力,他最终到达了越野跑的终点。
　　　　 　　　　 through the hard work　　　　 he finally reached the finishing line of the cross-country running.(读后续写—主旨升华)
4.我被我的老师说服了我可以写得很好。
I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 that I could write well. (convince)
5.她们已经准备很长时间了,现在终于能为妈妈做生日蛋糕了。(过去完成进行时)
They 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and now they finally could make a birthday cake for Mum.(读后续写—情节描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
　　Today we'll introduce Rowan Atkinson, who is 　1　 English actor,comedian and screenwriter.
He was born 　2　 6 January, 1955 and spent his early years on the family farm with his parents and three older brothers. At primary school, he had already shown 　3　(admire) acting talent. When he was 13, he 　4　(earn) a scholarship to a boarding school. Then he went to Newcastle University and got the 　5　(high) marks in his years at the university. Later, he studied in Oxford, 　6　 he got his master's degree in electrical engineering, 　7　 may explain why he is interested in fast cars.
One of the roles 　8　 (play) by Atkinson in his comedy is Mr. Bean, who is very popular in Britain. Mr. Bean is liked 　9　(international) as the clumsy but always amusing figure. The 　10　 (popular) of Mr. Bean makes Atkinson famous all over the world.
1.　　　　 2.　 　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
6.　　　　 7.　　　 　 8.　　 　　 9.　　　　 10.　　 　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　The British opinion about humour may make people feel　1　(puzzle) at first. British humour can feel like 　2　 whole new language. But don't worry. We've put together a beginner's guide for foreigners.
The key to 　3　(understand) British humour is not to take yourself too 　4　(serious). Our humour is to pay special attention 　5　 our own faults or weaknesses. We joke about our failures so as to appear more friendly.
British people are famous for having great　6　(polite), but a sign that a British person likes you is that he/she happily “offends(冒犯)” you with interesting remarks. A significant part of mastering British humour is judging 　7　 the people you are with find funny.
Humour 　8　 (use) by British people to lighten even the most unfortunate, embarrassing moments. There are few subjects we don't joke about. We don't have a plan 　9　(shock) others and make others unhappy. British people only turn to laughter as a form of medicine when life knocks them. Bad luck 　10　 failure are ordinary in British comedy, if the jokes are proper for the situation. In most cultures, there is a time and place for humour. In Britain, this is not the case.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
The idea that you can use humour, laughter, and play to make yourself healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humour, laughter and play play a significant part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humour, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told that it is beneficial to play. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play part of their life as it's for children. Physical play is important to the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling and reducing anxiety.
Anyway, adding humour, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humour, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Playing an important role.　　　
B.Keeping people in high spirits.
C.Quickly influencing other people.　　　
D.Preventing illness from spreading.
2.What can laughter increase according to the author
A.Cognitive ability.　　　B.Good relationships.
C.A sense of humour.　　　D.Illness.
3.What does the author think the old should do
A.They should have a good rest.　　　
B.They should play like children.
C.They should prevent cognitive falling.　　　
D.They should take part in physical play.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Humour, Laughter and Play for Health
B.Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C.Have an Active and Happy Life
D.Let Our Body and Mind Relax
B
Why we cry with happiness shows: Responding with a negative reaction helps us deal with extreme joy. If you cry with happiness at weddings, you are responding to a happy experience with a negative reaction. The researchers believe the unusual reaction may help renew emotional balance in our lives and keep extreme emotions under control. The findings make it clear how people express and control their emotions, which could help improve their understanding of people's mental health.
Dr Oriana Aragon set out to explore the phrase “tears of joy”, which she said never made sense to her. But after studying a series of incongruous(不协调的) expressions, she now understands better why people cry when they are happy. “People may be renewing emotional balance with these expressions,” she explained. “They seem to take place when people are struck by strong positive emotions. People, who do this, seem to recover better from those strong emotions.”
The report shows various examples of responding to a positive experience with a negative emotion, such as a crying wife seeing the husband returning from the war again, and teenage girls screaming at a concert. Examples also include a baseball player who hits a home run, only to be slapped(拍) on the back by teammates, as well as when people cannot help kissing babies' faces who they consider lovely.
Dr Aragon and her team discovered that people, who expressed negative reactions to positive news, were able to moderate(缓和) strong emotions more quickly. There is also some evidence that strong negative feelings may provoke positive expressions. For example, nervous laughter often happens when people encounter a hard situation. “We've seen people smiling during times of extreme sadness.”
“The findings affect our knowledge of how people express and control their emotions, which is significantly related to psychological and physical health, the quality of relationships with others, and even how well people work together,” said Dr Aragon.
5.What may an extremely happy person do according to the passage
A.He will jump with joy.　　　 B.He will keep silent.
C.He will calm down as usual.　　　D.He will burst into tears.
6.What does the underlined word “provoke” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Lead to.　　B.Hold back.　　C.Take in.　　D.Get over.
7.What can we learn from the passage
A.It's common to express negative reactions to positive feelings.
B.When people cry, it means they are very happy.
C.Expressing and controlling emotions are important for humans.
D.There are differences between positive and negative emotions.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4　HUMOUR
Part 4　LESSON 3 MY FAVOURITE COMEDIAN
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.chewed　2.mirrors　3.scholarships　4.encountered 5.geniuses
Ⅱ.1.rely on　2.On the contrary　3.busied herself 4.made an attempt
Ⅲ.1.rarely　考查副词。设空处修饰从句谓语动词stop,因此需要填入一个副词,故填rarely,表示“我们很少停下来去倾听彼此”。
2.purely　考查副词。句意:我们设立这个组织纯粹是为了提供志愿服务。设空处作状语,故用副词purely。
3.universal　考查形容词。设空前是冠词a,设空后是名词language,因此此处应用形容词修饰名词。故填universal。句意:微笑是一种世界通用的语言。
4.mostly　考查副词。修饰谓语is designed for应用副词,故填mostly。
5.creation(s)　考查名词。设空前为形容词性物主代词my,可知此空填名词creation(s)。
6.astonished　考查形容词。be astonished to find...表示“发现……感到吃惊”。
7.for　考查介词。 固定搭配have a reputation for...意为“以……著称”。
8.obtaining　考查现在分词。本句已有谓语动词graduated,设空处与前面用逗号隔开且中间无连词,因此是非谓语动词短语作状语。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是前面句子的主语He,He与obtain之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词obtaining。句意:2001年他从北京大学毕业,获得了硕士学位。
易错归因　
　　本题容易误填to obtain。学生容易误用不定式表示目的。但是此空前有逗号,用不定式表示出乎意料的结果,因此不可以用不定式。此处用现在分词表示结果或伴随。
Ⅳ.1.were amused by　 2.①showed a talent for　 ②was talented at　 3.It was;that　 4.was convinced by my teacher 5.had been preparing for a long time
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个英国喜剧演员”,故用不定冠词, English的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.on　考查介词。空后是日期,此处表示具体的某一天,用介词on。
3.admirable　考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰talent,应用形容词,故填admirable。
4.earned　考查时态。根据时间状语“When he was 13”可知这里应用一般过去时。
5.highest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the可知,他在大学获得了最高分,因此用highest。
6.where　考查定语从句。空前是表示地点的名词Oxford,设空处无提示词,判断设空处引导定语从句,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,因此填where。
7.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处无提示词,空前为逗号,此处缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句,故应用which。
8.played　考查过去分词。句子的主干为“One of the roles...is Mr. Bean”, 此处应用非谓语动词修饰前面的名词roles,roles和play之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词played,表示“艾金森扮演的角色之一”。
9.internationally　考查副词。此处用副词作状语,故填internationally,表示“在国际上”。
10.popularity　考查名词。设空处前面为冠词The,后面为介词of,由此可知设空处需要填入一个名词,故填popularity,表示“受欢迎”。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。对于初学者来说,英式幽默像是一种全新的语言,理解英式幽默的关键在于“不要太把自己当回事”。英式幽默被英国人用来使人感到不那么悲伤。
1.puzzled　考查形容词。句意:一开始,英国人对幽默的看法可能会让人感到困惑。分析句子结构可知,本空在句中作表语, 故应用形容词,修饰people,表示“感到困惑的”,故应用-ed形式的形容词puzzled。
2.a　考查冠词。句意:英式幽默感觉就像是一种全新的语言。此处表示泛指,故本空应用不定冠词a。
3.understanding　考查动名词。句意:理解英式幽默的关键是不要太把自己当回事。the key to doing sth.意为“做某事的关键”,to 为介词,故本空应用动名词understanding。
4.seriously　考查副词。take sb. (too) seriously意为“(太)把某人当回事”,故本空应用副词seriously。
5.to　考查介词。pay attention to意为“注意……”,故填to,此处指“特别注意自己的过错或弱点”。
6.politeness　考查名词。根据空前的动名词having和形容词great可知,本空应用名词作宾语,故填politeness。此处指“英国人以非常有礼貌而闻名”。
7.what　考查宾语从句。句意:掌握英式幽默的一个重要部分就是判断和你在一起的人觉得什么有趣。设空处引导宾语从句,将设空处代入为“the people (you are with) find　7　 funny”,由此可知本空在从句中构成“find+宾语+宾补”结构,且设空处作find的宾语,指物,故用what。
8.is used　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:幽默被英国人用来使人甚至在最不幸、最不愉快的时刻也能感到不那么悲伤。本句阐述的是客观事实,故应用一般现在时;且句子主语Humour和动词use之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is used。
9.to shock　考查动词不定式。have a plan to do sth.意为“有做某事的计划”,故本空应用不定式to shock作定语修饰名词plan,此处表示“让别人感到震惊和不高兴的计划”。
10.and　考查连词。主句主语Bad luck(坏运气)和 failure(失败)为并列关系,且谓语动词为are,故填and。
【高频词汇】　1.fault n.过错;责任　2.weakness n.弱点,缺点　3.master v.掌握 　4.judge v.判断;认为;估计 5.lighten v.缓和;(使)感到不那么悲伤(或担忧、严肃)
长难句　
原句　British people are famous for having great politeness, but a sign that a British person likes you is that he/she happily “offends” you with interesting remarks.
分析　本句是由but连接的并列复合句。第二个分句是主从复合句,主干是“a sign...is...”,其中第一个that引导的同位语从句,解释说明a sign的具体内容,第二个that引导表语从句。
译文　英国人以非常有礼貌而著名,但英国人喜欢你的一个标志是他/她用一些有趣的话开心地“冒犯”你。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍对人们的健康起了重要作用。
1.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling ”可知,当你听到一个孩子大笑时你能忍住不笑吗 此处用反问的形式表达自己的观点,由此推断出,infectious的意思是“有感染力的”。故选C。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知,人们分享了笑,彼此之间的关系就会更加亲密,会增加快乐。故选B。
3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知,我们经常忘记的是,对老年人和孩子来说,让玩耍成为生活的一部分是一样重要的,对老年人来说,运动玩耍很重要,有助于预防疾病。故选D。
4.A　主旨大意题。分析全文结构可知, 第一段是总述幽默、大笑和玩耍对健康的影响,后三段主要介绍幽默、大笑和玩耍是如何对保持健康起作用的。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.be tied to...与……紧密相关　2.keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事　3.increase vt.增加 4.prevent vt.预防;阻止　5.influence vt.& n.影响 6.advantage n.好处
【熟词生义】　the blues忧郁;悲伤;沮丧
长难句　
原句　However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play part of their life as it's for children.
分析　该句是主从复合句。what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句,表语从句中有“it is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”结构,第二个as引导比较状语从句。
译文　然而,我们经常忘记的是,对老年人和孩子来说,让玩耍成为生活的一部分是一样重要的。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项关于“幸福的眼泪”的研究。研究结果影响了我们对人们如何表达和控制情绪的认识。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的第一句和第二段第二句中的“people cry when they are happy”可知,一个极度快乐的人可能会突然大哭起来,故选D项。题干里的“extremely happy”对应第一段中的“extreme joy”,D项中的“burst into tears”对应第二段中的“cry”。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据后文的“nervous laughter often happens when people encounter a hard situation”可知,当人们遇到难事的时候他们经常发出紧张的笑声,根据“people smiling during times of extreme sadness”可知,人们极度难过的时候会微笑,这两处都说明了负面情绪“导致”积极表达,所以选择A项。B.Hold back“忍住”;C.Take in“吸收”;D.Get over“克服”。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“how people express and control their emotions, which is significantly related to...”可知,情绪的表达和控制对人们是很重要的,故选C项。
易错归因　
　　本题容易误选B或D。文章开头提到了面对极度开心会有负面反应,但是指出“The researchers believe the unusual reaction”,可知这是一种不寻常的反应,所以A项“面对积极情绪表达负面反应是常见的”与文意不符;极度的开心可能会导致人哭,但根据常识可知,人哭的时候并不一定都是开心的,所以B项错误;D项“积极和消极情绪之间是有区别的”是常识,不是本文谈论的主要内容。
【高频词汇】　1.respond v.回应;回答　2.negative adj.消极的;否定的　3.deal with处理,应付　4.under control在控制之下　5.balance n.平衡
长难句　
原句　The findings make it clear how people express and control their emotions, which could help improve their understanding of people's mental health.
分析　本句是主从复合句,句中it是形式宾语,how引导的从句是真正的宾语,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句。
译文　这些发现弄清楚了人们如何表达和控制他们的情绪,这可能有助于提高他们对人们的精神健康的理解。
7

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