资源简介

Unit 3　Fit for life
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Mary　　　　(限制) herself to three waist exercises a day when she was young.
2.We look forward to healthy competition among candidates and more 　　　　(讨论) on policy preferences.
3.Public confidence in the economy was 　　　　(恢复) after some measures had been taken by the government.
4.As a s　　　　, I need to be very careful to do the examination for the patients.
5.She has been under great stress recently and that may account for her a　　　　 behaviour.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.By means 　　　　　 WeChat, we can keep in touch with our friends every day.
2.Emotional problems can arise 　　　　　 a physical cause, so it is very important to stay physically healthy.
3.What kind of education can be “meaningful” to young people affected 　　　　　 conflict
4.We are requested to show our 　　　　　(identify) in order to enter the examination center.
5.Word came that our school was going to hold a class meeting whose topic is　　　　　(relate) to traditional Chinese customs.
6.New technologies have made　　　　　possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
7.The salesman said that their company　　　　　(specialize) in quality toys.
8.The arrival of the bookstore means a lot to the village when young residents 　　　　　 (leave) for urban areas in recent years.
9.I suspect that John has forgotten my number.I 　　　　　 (expect) him to call me for the past two months.
10.Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I 　　　　　(help) the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
Ⅲ.选词填空
relate to;wrestle with;put sth. in place;without doubt
　　Before the gym opened, all the facilities that 1.　　　　　　 the safety had been 2.　　　　　　. During exercise, students were encouraged to 3.　　　　　　 any difficulty they came across and achieve high grades. 4.　　　　　　, students' physical and mental health would be greatly improved.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Genome editing brings many exciting possibilities. As is well-known to you, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives, and our own 　1　(person) genome contains information 　2　 helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. As a result, geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is 　3　 effective means of disease treatment and prevention. In the near future, it will serve as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, 　4　(lead) to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. However, with the technology continuing to develop at a fast pace, 　5　(question) arise about how to use it 　6　(appropriate). Genome editing also brings us some moral problems. Therefore, many people have all started 　7　(wrestle) with such issues. We have to find out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work 　8　 our advantage. If we didn't have them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. In a word, there 　9　(be) still much to be explored and debated on genome editing. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the 　10　(great) innovations in the history of science.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
6.　　　　 7.　　　　 8.　　　　 9.　　　　 10.　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
　　As the saying goes, “Laughter is the best medicine.” In troubling times, good humour is needed more than ever. Medical staff are including it in 　1　 (they) care treatments. One product of this kind is the healthcare clown around the globe. There is even 　2　 organization that sets standards. The European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations 　3　 (found) in 2011. It says, “Healthcare clowns, 　4　 make contact through humour, bring moments of happiness to children and some adults with illnesses or special needs.”
After a special ward (病房) opened in Jerusalem, one healthcare clown decided to help patients by 　5　 (use) her humour. She wanted to cheer the patients up, reduce their 　6　 (anxious) and improve their health. She enjoyed working alongside doctors and said, “ 　7　 (obvious), the doctors take care of the body and we come in and take care of the soul.”
Healthcare clowns are carefully chosen. Professional 　8　 (performer) have to receive special training before working with children in the healthcare environment. “I can see close up the effect the clowns have 　9　 sick children. They help the patients have a good mood. It's necessary for the public 　10　 (realize) the role of healthcare clowns,” a doctor said.
1.　　　　 2.　　　　 3.　　　　 4.　　　　 5.　　　　
6.　　　　 7.　　　　 8.　　　　 9.　　　　 10.　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson's disease. While Parkinson's is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.
But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China's Zhejiang University created an “e-nose”, a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson's patients.
It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson's patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made the headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband's Parkinson's diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that can smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson's tend to produce more sebum (皮脂) than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.
To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson's patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson's patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson's sebum.
These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose's performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson's in the U.S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.
1.What makes it difficult for Parkinson's patients to get effective treatment
A.Its medications are in short supply.　　　
B.It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C.Its early signs are not easy to notice.　　　
D.It's not a curable disease medically.
2.What did the Scottish nurse find
A.Her husband's body gave off a strange smell.
B.Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C.A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D.A smell could relieve her husband's Parkinson's symptoms.
3.What will the researchers do concerning their invention
A.Put it into clinical use.　　　B.Conduct a broader test.
C.Create more lab models.　　　D.Expand its market outside the U.S.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.This e-nose can smell Parkinson's　　　
B.Parkinson's patients produce more sebum
C.People living with Parkinson's are on the rise　　　
D.Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson's
B
These cold and dark winter days make me want to curl up with a book, perhaps while eating vacation cookies. One could describe my behavior in this way: sitting too long and having a sweet snack. A regular practice of these things may well lead to weight gain.
Is winter weight gain a thing “Yes,” says Larry Cheskin, who chairs the Department of Nutrition and Food Studies at George Mason University. “There is good evidence that it is a thing.”
A research finding shows that people gain one to two pounds over the winter months. There is also evidence that American adults gain one to two pounds each year. Winter weight gain may be a major culprit (引起问题的事物), so perhaps we should view the season as a particularly risky time for adding excess fat. Some researchers have narrowed the time window to look at weight gain over the weeks spanning Thanksgiving through New Year. In a study of 195 people at the National Institutes of Health(NIH), people gained 0.8 pounds, on average, during that period.
“The vacations are not insignificant,” Cheskin says. There are more social events,an increase in the variety of foods and more drinking. Alcohol adds calories and undermines self-control, which may do harm to people's health. But it's not just overeating at vacation parties that is to blame. When it's cold and snowy—or slushy or icy—outside, people spend more time indoors, which in turn can mean getting less physical activity.
That's a vacation gift that no one wants. So if wintertime in general,and the vacations in particular,are a precarious (危险的) time for gaining weight, then what can be done Be aware that winter weight gain can come into being especially in this season. Pay attention to your diet and try to keep your activity level up.
5.Why does the author mention that he likes to eat cookies while reading in winter in Paragraph 1
A.To share what he usually does in winter.
B.To take himself as an example to prove his ideas.
C.To suggest that people usually eat more cookies in winter.
D.To show that the winter days are always dark and cold.
6.Why does the author mention the NIH's study
A.To prove that people gain weight especially during vacations.
B.To learn about people's vacation meals.
C.To confirm the incompleteness of existing theories.
D.To explore why people gain weight in vacations.
7.What does the underlined word “undermines” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Increases.　　　B.Blows.　　　C.Challenges.　　　D.Destroys.
8.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To introduce people's eating habits in winter.
B.To present a new social finding on eating habits.
C.To appeal to people to lose weight in vacations.
D.To remind people to eat less and exercise more in winter.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 3　Fit for life
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.restricted　2.debates　3.restored　4.surgeon　5.abnormal
Ⅱ.1.of　考查介词。by means of意为“借助……手段”。故填of。
2.from　考查介词。arise from意为“由……引起”。故填from。
3.by　考查介词。be affected by为固定搭配,意为“受……影响”。
4.identification　考查名词。设空处作动词show的宾语,且被our修饰,应用名词。故填identification。
5.related　考查形容词。句意:有消息说我们学校要开一次班会,主题是关于中国传统习俗的。be related to意为“与……有关”。
6.it　考查代词。此处是“make it+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
7.specialized　考查动词的时态。根据主句的谓语动词said及语境可知,宾语从句应用一般过去时。故填specialized。
8.have been leaving　考查动词的时态。句意:近年来,年轻居民源源不断进城,此时这个书店的到来对这个村子而言意义重大。根据语境可知,“leave”的动作从过去一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
9.have been expecting　考查动词的时态。句意:我怀疑约翰忘了我的电话号码。过去两个月我一直在期待他打电话给我。根据句意可知,“expect”的动作从过去一直延续到现在并有可能持续下去,故用have been expecting。
10.have been helping　考查动词的时态。句意:自2017年6月,就在两只新大熊猫“梦梦”和“娇庆”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更轻松、更自信地说英语。根据语境可知,“help”的动作从过去一直持续到现在,故用现在完成进行时。
Ⅲ.1.related to　2.put in place　3.wrestle with
4.Without doubt
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.personal　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词genome,应用形容词personal,意为“个人的”。
2.that/which　考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词information,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,应用that或which。
3.an　考查冠词。means意为“方式,方法”,为可数名词,单复数同形。根据语境可知,此处表泛指,指“一种有效的方式”,形容词effective以元音音素开头。故填an。
4.leading　考查现在分词。空处表示前面造成的自然而然的结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。
5.questions　考查名词复数。question意为“问题”时为可数名词,前面没有限定词,其后谓语动词是复数形式,故此处应用名词复数形式。
6.appropriately　考查副词。设空处修饰动词use,作状语,故用副词。
7.to wrestle　考查不定式。start to do sth.表示“开始做某事”。
8.to　考查介词。work to one's advantage意为“对某人有利”。故填to。
9.is　考查主谓一致及时态。此处为there be句型,主语为much,且陈述一般事实,故设空处用一般现在时,be动词用单数形式is。
10.greatest　考查形容词最高级。根据语境及结构“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,空格处应用形容词最高级。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了医疗小丑的相关内容。
1.their　考查代词。句意:医务人员正在将其纳入他们的护理治疗中。本空修饰名词短语care treatments,故应用形容词性物主代词their。
2.an　考查冠词。句意:甚至有一个设定标准的组织。空后organization为可数名词单数且以元音音素开头,此处表示泛指,故应用不定冠词an。
3.was founded　考查时态及语态。根据时间状语in 2011可知,本空应用一般过去时;句子主语The European Federation of Healthcare Clowns Organizations是一个组织,和动词found之间为被动关系,故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.who　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Healthcare clowns,本空在从句中作主语,指人,故应用关系代词who。
5.using　考查动名词。句意:在耶路撒冷开设了一个特殊的病房后,一个医疗小丑决定用她的幽默来帮助患者。根据空前的介词by可知,本空应用动名词形式。
6.anxiety　考查名词。句意:她想使病人振奋起来,减轻他们的焦虑,改善他们的健康。本空在句中作动词reduce的宾语,故应用名词anxiety。
7.Obviously　考查副词。句意:她喜欢和医生一起工作,她说:“显然,医生照顾身体,而我们进来照顾灵魂。”设空处位于直接引语的句首,后面有逗号与句子隔开,且提示词为形容词,故本空在句中作状语,修饰后面整句话,故应用副词Obviously。
8.performers　考查名词复数。句意:专业表演者在医疗环境中跟儿童打交道之前必须接受特殊培训。根据空后的have可知,本空应用名词复数形式。
9.on　考查介词。句意:我可以近距离看到这些小丑对生病的孩子们的影响。have an effect on sb.表示“对某人产生影响”,故本空应用介词on。
10.to realize　考查非谓语动词。句意:公众有必要认识到医疗小丑的作用。此处为“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”句型,意为“做某事对于某人来说是……的”,It作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语。
【高频词汇】　1.treatment n.治疗　2.around the globe遍布全球,遍布世界　3.standard n.标准　4.contact n.接触;联系;联络　5.take care of照顾
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。帕金森病患者无法在出现症状之前尽早确诊,针对这个问题,研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。
1.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.”可知,只有尽快确定疾病,帕金森患者才能在恰当的时间里得到有效的治疗,所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效治疗变得困难。故选C项。
2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“But after a retired nurse in Scotland made the headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband's Parkinson's diagnosis”可知,这名退休的苏格兰护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。
3.B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose's performance in any way.”可知,为了提高模型的准确性,在电子鼻投入临床使用之前,研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B项。
4.A　主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——无法在帕金森病人出现症状前尽早确定疾病,第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发、测试及功效展开,最后一段向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景,对全文进行总结。纵观全文,文章都在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开,所以A项“This e-nose can smell Parkinson's”作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。
【高频词汇】　1.relieve v.缓解;解除　2.effective adj.有效的　3.treatment n.治疗　4.detect v.查明;测出
5.accurate adj.准确的
【熟词生义】　live with容忍;忍受
【差距词汇】　1.incurable adj.无法治愈的;无可救药的
2.symptom n.(医)症状　3.medication n.药物;药物治疗　4.heighten v.使增加,使加强　5.diagnosis n.诊断　6.compound n.混合物;化合物　7.distinguish v.区分,辨别,分清;使有别于;使出众
长难句
原句　But after a retired nurse in Scotland made the headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband's Parkinson's diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that can smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.
分析　该句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干是scientists have been trying hard to create a device;主句中的 that引导限制性定语从句,先行词是a device。前面的从句是after引导的时间状语从句,其中that引导的是限制性定语从句,先行词是a heightened sense of smell。
译文　但2015年,苏格兰一名退休的护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了新闻头条后,科学家们一直在努力发明一种设备,这种设备能在身体症状出现之前闻出这种疾病。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了冬季体重增加的问题和应对措施。
5.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“These cold and dark winter days make me want to curl up with a book, ...A regular practice of these things may well lead to weight gain.”可知,作者以自己为例,说经常这样做会导致体重增加。根据第二段中的“Is winter weight gain a thing ‘Yes,’ says Larry Cheskin...at George Mason University.”可知,文章从第二段开始讲述冬天确实会增重。由此推知,作者在第一段提到自己的目的是以自己为例证明自己的观点。故选B。
6.A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“There is also evidence that American adults gain one to two pounds each year...people gained 0.8 pounds,on average,during that period.”可推知,作者提到美国国立卫生研究院的研究结果是为了证明尤其在假期期间人们会增重。故选A。
7.D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Alcohol adds calories”以及下文“which may do harm to people's health”及常识可知,酒精会增加卡路里,并破坏一个人的自我控制。由此推知,画线词的意思和“破坏”相近。故选D。
8.D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段以及全文其他内容可推知,这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们冬季体重容易增加,因此要注意饮食,多运动。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.nutrition n.营养,滋养,营养的补给
2.view...as...把……看作……　3.particularly adv.特别,尤其　4.on average平均　5.variety n.变化,多样化;不同种类　6.in turn相应地;轮流　7.physical adj.身体的;客观存在的,有形的
【熟词生义】　1.practice n.惯常做的事　2.narrow v.变窄;缩小
【差距词汇】　1.excess adj.额外的,附加的,过度的
2.span v.贯穿;持续　3.insignificant adj.微不足道的,无足轻重的　4.slushy adj.泥雪覆盖的,满是泥雪的
长难句
原句　When it's cold and snowy—or slushy or icy—outside, people spend more time indoors, which in turn can mean getting less physical activity.
分析　该句是一个主从复合句。句子的主句是“people spend more time indoors”;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面主句的内容,When引导时间状语从句。
译文　当外面寒冷多雪,或满是泥雪或结冰时,人们在室内待得更久,这相应地意味着身体活动较少。
10

展开更多......

收起↑