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2025年春八年级（下）学业质量达标监测试卷
英 语
英语测试卷共8页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）
Ⅰ.听力测试。（共35分）
第一节（每小题1分，共6分）
听一遍。根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语。
1. A. Not bad. B. Good morning. C. Nice to meet you, too.
2. A. Yes, I’d love to. B. Of course not. C. You are kind.
3. A. No problem. B. Well done. C. Have fun.
4. A. Good luck. B. It’s difficult. C. Let’s go to a doctor.
5. A. Thank you. B. I’m afraid I can’t. C. I’m proud of you.
6. A. About 20 minutes. B. You’re welcome. C. Go straight and turn left.
第二节（每小题1.5分，共9分）
听一遍。根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
7. A. /si:t/. B. /i:t/. C. /di:p/.
8. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
9. A. At home. B. In the park. C. On the street.
10. A. He bought a new ball. B. He met a friend. C. His team won a game.
11. A. Eric. B. Peter. C. We don’t know.
12. A. B. C.
第三节（每小题1.5分，共6分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
听第一段材料，回答第13和14小题。
13. What was the weather like in Sanya
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy.
14. Who did the girl go to Sanya with
A. Her friends. B. Her classmates. C. Her parents.
听第二段材料，回答第15和16小题。
15. What color is the T-shirt
A. Red. B. Blue. C. Yellow.
16. What size of the T-shirt did the man finally buy
A. Size S. B. Size M. C. Size L.
第四节（每小题1.5分，共6分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
17. How did Cindy and Lisa go to school
A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus.
18. What was wrong with the woman
A. She hurt her head. B. She hurt her arms. C. She hurt her knees.
19. When did Cindy and Lisa reach school
A. At 8:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:00.
20. What is the main lesson of this story
A. We must follow traffic rules.
B. Be careful when walking on rainy days.
C. Helping others is more important than being on time.
第五节（每小题2分，共8分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容,在空格处填上最恰当的词或词块。
How to Make Bookmarks
Preparations Prepare colored pencils and 21 .
Steps ★Go outside and 22 (lovely fallen) leaves. ★Then, pick up leaves. ★Next, glue them on the paper. ★After that, write down your 23 motto (座右铭) on the bookmark.
Opinion 24 helps you do it better.
Ⅱ.单项选择。(每小题 1 分,共 10 分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
1. We will go on ________ 3-day holiday to Kunming.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. Lots of food in the supermarket will be ________ sale after 6:00 p.m.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
3. —Could you please help me ________ my ruler under the desk
—Sure.
A. look up B. pick up C. stand up D. put up
4. Our school doesn’t allow us ________ mobile phones to school.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
5. — I am going to do more exercise to keep healthy, such as dancing.
— Wow, you made a good ________. Keep on going!
A. habit B. decision C. speech D. survey
6. My sister has been interested in painting ________ she was 3 years old.
A. although B. because C. when D. since
7. The young man is new here and has no friends, so he often feels ________.
A. excited B. relaxed C. tired D. lonely
8. With the teacher’s help, Li Lei does his homework as ________ as others.
A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
9. —Where do your parents work
—________ of my parents are teachers in our middle school.
A. Both B. All C. Each D. Every
10. —Would you mind telling me ________
—In fifteen minutes.
A. when will he leave B. when he will leave C. why does he leave D. why he leaves
Ⅲ.完形填空。（每小题1.5分，共15分）
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案。
A month ago, when my daughter Amy came home, she looked sad. Her beautiful leather shoes were cut by a knife. So I decided to take the shoes to a shoe repair shop.
A young worker looked at the cuts and said, “There is ___11___ I can do but to change the uppers (鞋帮).” Another worker Joseph came and said that he could do something to create a special ___12___. Finally, I decided to leave the shoes there,___13___ I didn’t fully understand him. When I went to get the shoes back, I found there were some cuts on each ___14___, but all of them were sewed (缝) with some little stars. The shoes looked ___15___ than before. I couldn’t stop saying “Wow!”.
Last Sunday, my daughter’s ___16___ had an opening on the back. She checked it and then said, “I’ll design it by ___17___ this time.” Hours later, I was very ___18___ to see it again: the opening was sewed up in white and it looked like a lovely snowman on the dress. A piece of artwork!
Amy told me that she learned that cuts could be designed to look perfect ___19___ Joseph’s creation, and she could also do that. At that moment, I understood that cuts, like illness or disabilities, are unavoidable (不可避免) in our life. What we can do is to ___20___ the cuts with patches (补丁) and try to make a most beautiful flower on them.
11. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
12. A. material B. style C. color D. size
13. A. as B. because C. unless D. though
14. A. star B. shoe C. back D. flower
15. A. softer B. older C. more beautiful D. more terrible
16. A. skirt B. dress C. T-shirt D. shorts
17. A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself
18. A. lucky B. sad C. worried D. surprised
19. A. because of B. as soon as C. as long as D. even if
20. A. make B. cover C. paint D. draw
Ⅳ.阅读理解。（45-59小题，每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
Below are the introductions to four places in Chongqing. Please help three visitors choose their favorite place.
A. Zhongshan Fourth Road Known as “the most beautiful street in Chongqing”, this road is full of historical buildings from the 1940s. Now there are many beautiful cafes and quiet bookstores along the road. If you love a peaceful city-walk, don’t miss it.
B. Chongqing Natural History Museum It is a cool place full of wonders, You can see fossils (化石) of dinosaurs (恐龙) and learn about the history of life on the earth e and explore nature’s secrets!
C. Hongya Cave Hongya Cave is a building with 11 floors by the Jialing River. You can try Chongqing local hot-pot, buy traditional handicrafts (手工艺品), and enjoy the beautiful river view here, especially at night.
D. Nanshan Botanical Garden There are many different gardens inside. It has a collection of 1646 plant species from all over the world. You can take part in educational activities here.
Now, please help the following visitors make decisions:
___21___ My name is Tom. I am crazy about dinosaurs and science. I hope to see real fossils. Which place should I choose
___22___ I’m Lingling. I enjoy buying handicrafts and trying local food. I want to visit a busy traditional place. Where can I go
___23___ My name is Marc. I’m a city-walk lover. I love history and taking photos of old buildings. I want to learn about Chongqing’s past. Where should I go
B
One morning, an old man came into a poor village. All he had was a soup pot and a spoon. The villagers only had a little food, and not enough to share. The old man was so hungry that he came up with a plan.
He made a fire in the middle of the town. Then he filled his pot with water and set the pot on the fire. Last, he put a nice, round stone into the pot. “This stone soup looks good,” he said loudly. “Soon it will be ready to eat.”
Curiously, people came out. He told them that he was making stone soup and would give them some.
“How do you make stone soup ” asked a girl.
“It’s easy,” said the old man. “All you need is stone. ▲ ”
A woman said she had a few beans, so she went off, got the beans and put them into the pot.
“Thank you. This stone soup looks good. But it would be much better with a bit of meat,” says the old man.
A young man said he had a bit of meat. He quickly went back home, then put it into the pot. Soon, another woman offered some carrots, and a boy brought a potato...
“Mmm,” said the old man. “The soup is ready. Get your bowls now.”
“Thank you,” people said together. “Now we know how to make stone soup. We will never be hungry again.”
The old man just smiled and went on his way, leaving them with a valuable (有价值的) lesson.
24. Why didn’t the people want to share food with the old man
A. Because they didn’t like strangers. B. Because they didn’t have enough food.
C. Because the old man was unfriendly. D. Because they saved food for their parents.
25. What was the old man’s plan
A. To sell his soup pot and spoon for food. B. To encourage the villagers to share their food.
C. To build a fire and cook his own food secretly. D. To ask the villagers for money instead of food.
26. Which of the following is the best for ▲
A. And you don’t need any other things. B. Because it won’t be delicious without it.
C. Then you need to wait for 2 hours. D. But it would be so better with some beans.
27. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Stone Soup. B. A Poor Village. C. Friendly Villagers. D. A Lazy Old Man.
C
In 2025, our country has started a special “Sports and Health Year” activity. Everyone needs to manage their weight through daily exercise. A great choice is Baduanjin (八段锦).
Baduanjin is one of the oldest forms of qigong with a history of over 800 years. It isn’t about speed or strength, but focuses (聚焦) on taking slow, deep breaths. In the beginning, it was a way to improve the health of soldiers. Now it is developed into a full system of exercise practiced by both martial (武术) artists and common people.
We can learn it by understanding eight short, simple movements. Each movement has its special focus. For example, the first movement is we “Hold Up the Sky” to stretch (伸展) our whole body, the second one is we “Draw the Bow (弓)” to make our arms strong...We move like clouds drifting across the sky when we practice it.
You can do Baduanjin in the parks, at home, or even during school breaks Just 10 minutes is enough Many schools and community centers offer Baduanjin classes, making it easy for everyone to try.
Jack, a 16-year-old British student who came to China one year ago, saw his neighbor, Grandpa Li, practice Baduanjin in the park every morning. After joining Grandpa Li, Jack found Baduanjin not only helped him improve physical health but also made him feel calmer, and happier. He even started teaching some of his British friends to learn it online.
28. Which picture can show the first movement of Baduanjin
A. B. C. D.
29. Which of the following shares the same meaning with “drifting” in the third paragraph
A. The bird was flying quickly through the trees. B. The paper boat was moving slowly on the pool.
C. The kite was going up lightly in the air. D. The car was moving noisily down the street.
30. What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A. Baduanjin focuses on taking slow, deep breaths. B. Baduanjin is better for the old than the young.
C. Jack has become a big Baduanjin fan in China. D. Jack made more friends by teaching Baduanjin.
31. Which part of a magazine (杂志) is the passage probably taken from
A. Nature. B. People. C. Culture. D. Science.
D
① Can you imagine we may taste food and drinks “online” one day An “e-Taste” tool makes it possible.
② In our real life, when we eat or drink, our teeth and tongues (舌头) break the food into little pieces. During this process (过程), very small things called molecules (分子) come out. The taste buds (味蕾) on our tongues catch these molecules and “tell” the brain.
③ Similarly, the “e-Taste” tool allows people to experience the taste of food and drinks, even if they are not actually eating them. How does it work There are two main parts in the “e-Taste” tool.
④ The first part works like our tongues. It checks for five special chemicals (化学成分) in food or drinks. Then, the second part mixes these flavors (味道) with water to make them taste like real food. People can try them with a small tool to feel the flavors.
⑤ To check if the“e-Taste” works, scientists did a test. Volunteers tasted the drinks made by the “e-Taste” tool. After that, they had to choose which food flavor it was, like lemon, cake, fried chicken, or coffee. The volunteers guessed the right flavor with about 87% success!
⑥ In the future, the“e-Taste” tool will be used in different ways. For example, a chef (主厨) in Italy will teach students in China how to make pizza. Using the “e-Taste” tool, students will “taste” the tomato sauce and cheese.
⑦ Some researchers believe that by 2035, sharing tastes will be as easy as sending emojis (表情). People will be able to send not only messages, pictures, and videos, but also tastes, making communication more interesting!
32. What is the main purpose of the “e-Taste” tool
A. To create new types of food. B. To help people taste food online.
C. To sell food and drinks online. D. To improve our teeth and tongues.
33. Which paragraph describes the working steps of the “e-Taste” tool
A. ② B. ④ C. ⑤ D. ⑥
34. In which situation can the “e-Taste” tool probably be used in the future
A. A Canadian wants to buy mangoes from India online.
B. A restaurant wants to buy vegetables in the market.
C. A car company wants to sell its new-designed cars online.
D. A dentist wants to exam a patient with toothache 1200km away.
35. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage
A. B.
C. D.
Ⅴ.口语应用。（每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话。
A: Good afternoon! May I take your order
B: Yes, please. ___36___
A: OK. Would you like something to drink
B: ___37___
A: Do you want something else An apple pie
B: No, that’s enough. ___38___
A: Twenty-five yuan. ___39___
B: By WeChat. Here’s my phone.
A: Thank you. It will take about 15 minutes. ___40___
B: I will come back later. Thank you.
A. How would you like to pay By WeChat or cash
B. How about orange juice
C. I’d like a sandwich and some salad.
D. What’s my order number
E. Yes, a small cup of lemon tea, please.
F. Would you like to wait here or come back later
G. How much is it in total
第II卷（共50分）
Ⅵ.任务型阅读。（65-66题，每小题2分，67-68题，每小题3分，共10分）
阅读下文并回答问题。
Most Chinese primary and middle schools ask their students to wear uniforms. But many students have complained (抱怨) that the uniforms make them look less good-looking.
Most uniforms are sportswear-style, which makes it easy for students to move around or sit in class for a long time. They are made of soft cotton, so students don’t feel uncomfortable when they are exercising. Miss Lee, a teacher, said, “When everyone wears the same style, no one feels bad about not having the latest fashion. Instead, they can pay more attention to teachers in class and homework after school.”
Hu Binbin A clean uniform always looks better! Wash it regularly and ask for help to remove wrinkles (除皱). A fresh uniform shows you care about how you look, even in simple clothes.
Yang Lan You can’t wear your own clothes, but small things like a colorful backpack or a nice belt can add style. Girls might try a simple hair clip (发卡), and boys can keep their shoes shiny or use socks with different patterns (图案). Just make sure these things follow your school’s rules!
Chen Tao The best way to look good is to stand tall and smile No matter what the uniform style is, just be confident in yourself. As a saying goes, “A mind filled with knowledge makes you more confident and beautiful”. So read more books to improve yourself.
41. Do most Chinese primary and middle schools ask their students to wear uniforms
______________________________________________
42. What are the uniforms usually made of
______________________________________________
43 How can students look better in uniforms from the comments (评论) by the three students
______________________________________________
44. Do you agree with Miss Lee that wearing uniforms helps students pay more attention to learning Please explain with your own experience.
______________________________________________
Ⅶ.完成句子。（69-72小题，每空1分，73小题2分，共10分）
根据所给提示,完成句子。每空一词,含缩略词,73 小题请将完整的句子写在答题卡上对应的位置。
45. Mike went to London for holiday last summer. (改为否定句)
Mike ________ ________ to London for holiday last summer.
46. Lily has learned to sing for 8 years. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ has Lily learned to sing
47. We can put up notices to let people know about the game. (改为同义句)
We can put up notices ________ ________ people can know about the game.
48. 如果你竭尽全力，就不用担心失败。(完成译句)
If you ________ your ________, you won’t have to worry about failure.
49. am, I, vacation, summer, looking, to, the, forward (连词成句)
______________________________________________.
Ⅷ.读写综合。（每小题2.5分，共10分）
请阅读以下文章内容，帮助Lily完成“The Hero in My Eyes”为主题的英语课前分享。尽可能使用自己的语言，在短文的空格处填上恰当的词块或句子，使短文完整、通顺。
Huang Xuhua, was a great scientist, passed away at the age of 99 on February 6th, 2025. He was called the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇)”.
Born in 1926, he grew up when China faced many difficulties. This made him decide to study shipbuilding and use his skills to serve (服务) China.
In 1958, China began a top-secret project to build its first nuclear submarine. A nuclear submarine is a powerful underwater ship that can travel for months without coming up for air. At that time, only four countries had this technology. Huang Xuhua, then 32 years old, became the leader of this important project. To make it safe, he kept his work a secret for 30 years. Even his family didn’t know what he did.
During the design of the nuclear submarine, they met many difficulties. For example, designing a nuclear reactor (反应堆) was really hard. Without computers, they used abacus (算盘), and even toys to test their ideas! In cold winters, their hands froze while working, but they never stopped. Huang always encouraged his team, saying, “If others can do it, so can we!”
After 12 years of hard work, China’s first nuclear submarine, “Long March 1”, successfully sailed (航行) in 1970. This made China the fifth country in the world with this technology. Even at age 62, he joined a dangerous deep-sea test to improve submarines. He said, “If there’s danger, I should face it first!”
His love for China is as deep as the ocean. Today, his work still protects China’s seas. Like nuclear submarines moving silently underwater, great achievements often come from humble (谦逊的), hardworking people.
The Hero in My Eyes Today I want to share my hero—“the Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines” with you. Huang Xuhua was born in 1926. He decided to study shipbuilding because ___50___. When he was 32, he became the leader to ___51___. During the design of the nuclear submarine, he and his team met many difficulties, but they didn’t ___52___. For example, they used simple abacus and toys to test their ideas. In 1970, “Long March 1” was successfully sailed, making China the fifth country in the world with this technology. Huang’s story taught us that ___53___. Let’s study hard and contribute (贡献) to our country like Huang did!
Ⅸ.书面表达。（满分20分）
54. 学校运动会刚刚结束，第一次参赛的Mike挑战了自己，内心有很多感悟。假如你是Mike，请根据图片内容提示，给美国的朋友Tom写一封电子邮件，描述参加运动会的过程以及感悟。
要求：
1.80-120词，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。参考信息：
Sports Day Sing-up Form (报名表)， nervous, unsure... classmates’ encouragement (鼓励)：believe in oneself... teachers’ help: make a training plan... his own hard work: take the challenge, practice running... cheer for, be proud of, cross the finish line, try one’s best, never give up...
Dear Tom,
How’s it going Our Sports Day has just finished,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Mike
2025年春八年级（下）学业质量达标监测试卷
英 语
英语测试卷共8页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）
Ⅰ.听力测试。（共35分）
第一节（每小题1分，共6分）
听一遍。根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语。
1. A. Not bad. B. Good morning. C. Nice to meet you, too.
2. A. Yes, I’d love to. B. Of course not. C. You are kind.
3. A. No problem. B. Well done. C. Have fun.
4. A. Good luck. B. It’s difficult. C. Let’s go to a doctor.
5. A. Thank you. B. I’m afraid I can’t. C. I’m proud of you.
6. A. About 20 minutes. B. You’re welcome. C. Go straight and turn left.
第二节（每小题1.5分，共9分）
听一遍。根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
7. A. /si:t/. B. /i:t/. C. /di:p/.
8. A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.
9. A. At home. B. In the park. C. On the street.
10. A. He bought a new ball. B. He met a friend. C. His team won a game.
11. A. Eric. B. Peter. C. We don’t know.
12. A. B. C.
第三节（每小题1.5分，共6分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
听第一段材料，回答第13和14小题。
13. What was the weather like in Sanya
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Windy.
14. Who did the girl go to Sanya with
A. Her friends. B. Her classmates. C. Her parents.
听第二段材料，回答第15和16小题。
15. What color is the T-shirt
A. Red. B. Blue. C. Yellow.
16. What size of the T-shirt did the man finally buy
A. Size S. B. Size M. C. Size L.
第四节（每小题1.5分，共6分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。
17. How did Cindy and Lisa go to school
A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus.
18. What was wrong with the woman
A. She hurt her head. B. She hurt her arms. C. She hurt her knees.
19. When did Cindy and Lisa reach school
A. At 8:00. B. At 9:00. C. At 10:00.
20 What is the main lesson of this story
A. We must follow traffic rules.
B. Be careful when walking on rainy days.
C. Helping others is more important than being on time.
第五节（每小题2分，共8分）
听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容,在空格处填上最恰当的词或词块。
How to Make Bookmarks
Preparations Prepare colored pencils and 21 .
Steps ★Go outside and 22 (lovely fallen) leaves ★Then, pick up leaves. ★Next, glue them on the paper. ★After that write down your 23 motto (座右铭) on the bookmark.
Opinion 24 helps you do it better.
Ⅱ.单项选择。(每小题 1 分,共 10 分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
【1题答案】
【答案】A
【2题答案】
【答案】C
【3题答案】
【答案】B
【4题答案】
【答案】C
【5题答案】
【答案】B
【6题答案】
【答案】D
【7题答案】
【答案】D
【8题答案】
【答案】B
【9题答案】
【答案】A
【10题答案】
【答案】B
Ⅲ.完形填空。（每小题1.5分，共15分）
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. B
Ⅳ.阅读理解。（45-59小题，每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. C
23. A
B
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. A
C
【28~31题答案】
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C 31. C
D
【32~35题答案】
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C
Ⅴ.口语应用。（每小题2分，共10分）
【36~40题答案】
【答案】36. C 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F
第II卷（共50分）
Ⅵ.任务型阅读。（65-66题，每小题2分，67-68题，每小题3分，共10分）
【41~44题答案】
【答案】41. Yes. / Yes, they do.
42 They are made of soft cotton.
43. They can keep uniforms clean and tidy, match uniforms with small things and wear uniforms with confidence.
44. Yes. Before wearing uniforms, some classmates wore very expensive and nice clothes. So I felt a little stressed with my common clothes. Now with uniforms, everyone looks the same. We don’t compare clothes anymore. In class, I can listen to the teacher more carefully.
No. Because wearing the same uniform every day makes me feel bored. I used to show my personality through my clothes. But now wearing uniforms makes me less interested in going to school, so it’s hard for me to pay full attention to learning.
Ⅶ.完成句子。（69-72小题，每空1分，73小题2分，共10分）
根据所给提示,完成句子。每空一词,含缩略词,73 小题请将完整的句子写在答题卡上对应的位置。
【45题答案】
【答案】 ①. didn’t ②. go
【46题答案】
【答案】 ①. How ②. long
【47题答案】
【答案】 ①. so ②. that
【48题答案】
【答案】 ①. try ②. best
【49题答案】
【答案】I am looking forward to the summer vacation
Ⅷ.读写综合。（每小题2.5分，共10分）
【50~53题答案】
【答案】50. China faced many difficulties at that time
51. build China’s first nuclear submarine
52. give up##stop
53. great achievements come from humbleness and hard work
Ⅸ.书面表达。（满分20分）
【54题答案】
【答案】例文
Dear Tom,
How’s it going Our Sports Day has just finished, and it was a really unforgettable experience for me.
At first, when I saw the Sports Day Sign-up Form, I was so nervous. I never joined any sports events before and was unsure if I could do it. But my classmates encouraged me, saying I should believe in myself. My teachers also helped me make a training plan. With their encouragement and help, I decided to take the challenge and chose the 1500-meter race.
During the following days, I practiced running hard. Whenever I felt like giving up, I thought of their words. When the big day came, all my classmates were cheering for me. I tried my best and finally crossed the finish line. Although I was completely tired, I got such a strong feeling of happiness.
This experience taught me that as long as we never give up and keep trying, we can get what we want.
Best wishes!
Mike

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