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2024-2025学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区八年级（下）期末英语试卷
一、单选题：本大题共10小题，共10分。
1.You should keep your voice if you have to talk in a library.（　　）
A. off B. on C. up D. down
2.---Daniel，can you _______________ what British humour means？
---British people usually laugh at themselves to make other people feel less nervous.（　　）
A. expect B. excuse C. express D. explain
3.Look at the note on the right.What does it say？
Stephen，
Your tennis coach called about this week's lesson.It'll be on Wednesday，not Friday as usual.It's still at 7 p.m.but we'll have to leave earlier at 6：30.
Mum
（　　）
A. Stephen's lesson will be on another day.
B. Stephen's lesson will be later than before.
C. Stephen's lesson will be changed to Friday.
D. Stephen's lesson will be on Wednesday from now on.
4.My mother plans everything well in the kitchen.She always does some shopping before the food .（　　）
A. gives out B. runs out C. goes out D. comes out
5.—"Suchao" is the most popular football game in Jiangsu at the moment.
— .Most football players are just college students or workers.（　　）
A. Recently B. Finally C. Exactly D. Especially
6.—The pages have turned brown.How long have you had the book？
—Sorry.I forget when I it.But I remember it was a snowy night.（　　）
A. have bought B. was buying C. buy D. bought
7.—Susan，I will go to France for my summer holiday.Any tips？
—It's important to know cultural between China and France.（　　）
A. importance B. education C. conditions D. differences
8.—A show on how to control pollution tomorrow.Will you come？
—I'd love to.Thank you，Kitty.（　　）
A. holds B. was held C. is held D. will be held
9.How is the paragraph organized to support the idea that Reading is fun？
Reading a novel lets you explore a magical world.Funny comics or short stories relax your mind after a busy day.What's more，you can learn interesting facts from books about science or history.Every book brings joy.Open a book，and you'll never feel bored!
（　　）
A. Time order. B. Space order.
C. Specific to general. D. General to specific.
10.—We only have one day to prepare for the art festival，but there's so much to do!
—Cheer up!The whole class will join us. .（　　）
A. Many hands make light work.
B. Don't burn candles at both ends.
C. A single flower does not make a spring.
D. The grass is always greener on the other side.
二、完形填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
About 15 years ago，Andrew Mclindon was riding his bike in Austin，Texas，when he thought about Tony，his friend's 12-year-old son.The boy never knew the joy of biking because he had an illness in the brain that often(11)balance trouble.
When he got home，Mclindon went online and found a three-wheel recumbent（卧式三轮车）bike with a seat belt，(12)for a child with balance problem.Soon the boy was cycling around the street cheerfully with his friends，having fun and getting exercise.(13)there was more，as Mclindon found great excitement from the father's face."To see Tony chatting with other kids happily，"Mclindon said，"I'l never forget the smile on his face."
That smile(14)the Mclindon Family Foundation（基金会）.Supported by donations，the group works with hospitals to(15)children who can get help from this kind of bike.The bike may include a headrest，a shoulder harness，a seat belt and so on.The bike is(16)—＄3，000 to＄4，000.For kids lucky enough to get one，it's really a life(17).
"We worked with a 14-year-old girl who has spina bifida（脊柱裂），"says Mclindon."She spent most days on the couch watching TV.(18)she got her bike，she was training for special-needs triathlons（三项全能）.In a magazine interview，she said，"I always knew there was(19)in me."
So far，the foundation has donated 450 bikes，and that's(20)a start."I do a lot of things.I run a lot of companies，"Mclindon says，"But getting these kids their bikes is the most important thing that I do."
11.A. produced B. caused C. achieved D. expressed
12.A. equal B. wise C. perfect D. necessary
13.A. But B. So C. Because D. While
14.A. set B. started C. built D. developed
15.A. cure B. interview C. find D. train
16.A. high B. expensive C. wonderful D. serious
17.A. changer B. maker C. beginner D. trainer
18.A. Before B. After C. Until D. If
19.A. teacher B. doctor C. athlete D. speaker
20.A. still B. mostly C. mainly D. just
三、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共15分。
A
REALISTIC FICTION
What is Realistic Fiction？
Realistic Fiction is a story that is made up.The characters，setting，and events are all not true，but they could happen in real life and to real people.
Characteristics（特点）
★ The setting is real.
* The characters are people.
★ There is a problem in the story and a realistic solution（解决办法）.
★The writer often uses"I"，"me"，or"my"to tell the story from a first person perspective（视角）. Reasons
Writers usually write realistic fiction to interest their readers.The purpose of writing realistic fiction is to create a story or character that their reader can connect and relate to（共情）.
21.What are the characteristics of Realistic Fiction？ ______
A. The setting is usually unreal.
B. The characters are animals and people.
C. There is a problem and a solution in the story.
D. The writer often uses a second person perspective.
22.Which of the following may be Realistic Fiction？ ______
A. Tea House B. Gulliver's Travel
C. Alice in Wonderland D. Journey to the West
23.This text is most likely taken from ______.
A. a book review B. a reading guide
C. a science report D. a fashion magazine
B
Have you ever wanted to help someone in need or start a project for your community？GoFundMe might be the answer!Let's learn how GoFundMe works.
What Can You Do on GoFundMe？
Since 2010，GoFundMe has helped millions of people raise money for personal needs，community projects，or charity events.Here's how it works：
Start Your Action：Share your story with photos or videos.For example，you could raise money for a sick pet，a school garden，or a family facing difficulties.
Set a Goal：Decide how much money you need.Even small amounts can make a big difference!
Share Widely：Send your story to teachers and friends，post it on social media to let more people give a helping hand.
Why Is GoFundMe Special？
Unlike traditional charities，GoFundMe lets donors（捐赠者） choose exactly where their money goes.If you care about helping animals，you can donate to an animal centre.
If you want to help a classmate with a serious disease，you can do that too!
Is It Safe and Affordable？
Yes!GoFundMe needs a little money（about 2.9% per donation） to keep the website running well.They also use strong security（安全） tools to protect everyone's personal information.Over 150 million people have trusted GoFundMe-it's one of the safest crowdfunding platforms（众筹平台） in the world.
Ready to Try？
Whether you want to help others or make your own dream come true，GoFundMe makes donation simple.Remember：Every great idea starts with a first step!
24.What is GoFundMe？ ______
A. An animal centre. B. A community group.
C. A shopping website. D. A charity organization.
25.If Gofundme raises 100，000 yuan for Mary，how much money can she get？ ______
A. 97，100 yuan. B. 100，000 yuan. C. 102，900 yuan D. 100，290 yuan.
26.What is the purpose of this passage？ ______
A. To show people how to choose online charities.
B. To encourage people to do better things for the world.
C. To introduce a safe and popular crowdfunding platform.
D. To tell people how to protect personal information online.
C
Lots of people came to the temple to see me.The emperor and his men were kind to me.They brought food and drink.And then six teachers from the university taught me the language of the country.In three weeks，I was able to speak their language and learned much about their country，Lilliput.
Soon after that，the emperor told two officers to look into my pockets.So，I picked up the two officers，and put them into one of my coat pockets.Then I put them into all my other pockets.
They found a pencil，a watch，and several other things there.The officers made a list of the things which they had found in my pockets，and gave the list to the emperor.
He told me to throw down my sword，my pistol，and some other things.The emperor liked my watch.He told two officers to take it away.They carried it on a pole.
My pistol was also very strange to them.The emperor wanted to know how to use it.I had to fire the pistol in front of the emperor and his men.When I shot it，hundreds of small people fell to the ground.
The emperor often came to see me to learn different things.
One day when I was talking with the emperor，a messenger came to him.The messenger said to the emperor：
"When we were walking along the beach，we found something huge and black.Nobody knows what it is.It may be some great sea-beast，but it is not alive，for it doesn't move."
Soon I learned that the strange thing was my hat.I was wearing it when I was in the water，but I lost it when I was up on the beach.
The emperor told some men to bring it to him.
The next day，they made two holes in the brim and fastened a piece of rope to the thing and tied the rope to five horses.The horses pulled the hat for half a mile.
--Taken from Gulliver in Lilliput
27.What's right order of the story？ ______
①Gulliver fired in front of the people.
②Gulliver learned the language in Lilliput.
③The small men searched Gulliver's pockets.
④The messenger found a huge and black thing.
A. ①③②④ B. ②①③④ C. ①④②③ D. ②③①④
28.Why did the small men fall to the ground when Gulliver fired the pistol？ ______
A. They were hurt by Gulliver.
B. They were too excited to see the emperor.
C. They were afraid of Gulliver's huge size.
D. They were in fear because of the loud noise.
29.Why did the writer lose his hat？ ______
A. Because he forgot where he put it.
B. Because some small people stole it.
C. Because it fell off when he left the water.
D. Because he didn't like it and threw it away.
30.What is the main idea of this story？ ______
A. A visitor follows local rules.
B. A stranger shares his things.
C. A man helps some small people.
D. A giant learns about a small country.
D
Since the Zhou Dynasty（1046 BC-256 BC），a complete etiquette system has been set.Today，many of these rules are not as strict（严格的）as before.However，some are still followed on important occasions（场合）and are thought as good examples of good manners.
Walking Etiquette
① In ancient China，while walking with someone with higher status（地位）or an old person，one should lower head，bend down，and walk a little bit behind them.If three people walk together，the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.One should bow down and walk fast using smaller steps when passing by an elder or a teacher.
Sitting Etiquette and Seating Rules
②Everyone should be sitting in a proper position（位置）at dining tables.It is based on their titles，ranks，or age.If someone doesn't know the exact position，they should wait and follow the host's lead.The best seat is the one that faces the east or the door.Hosts usually sit facing the west.
Bow，and Fist-and-Palm Salute（抱拳）
③Bow，in Chinese Yi Li or Zuo Yi，means having their hands folded（折叠）in front in different ways.Today，however，the simplest Zuo Yi gesture is good enough，as well as nodding，smiling，and handshaking.
④The Fist-and-Palm Salute，is another type of Yi Li，with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand.It first appeared in the army when people held weapons（武器）while showing respect to others.So，people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.
31.In ancient China，which place should your teacher be when walking with you and your classmate？ ______
A. In the middle. B. On the left. C. On the right. D. At the back.
32.Where can we put the sentence"The seating order is still widely used in family and business dinners."in the passage？ ______
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
33.Which of the following picture correctly describe"the Fist-ar-Palm Salute"？ ______
A. B. C. D.
34.Why is the underlined sentence included in the last paragraph？ ______
A. To give an example. B. To set the order.
C. To add more information. D. To show a result.
35.What may the writer talk about in the following paragraph？ ______
A. Another kind of Chinese etiquette.
B. Another kind of Western etiquette.
C. Differences among the three kinds of etiquette.
D. Differences between Chinese and Western etiquette.
四、任务型阅读-完成表格：本大题共1小题，共10分。
36. Poetry is a creative way to express your ideas and views in words.Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules to writing a poem.Even so，there are some useful guidelines（指导原则）that can help you write poetry.Here's how to get started.
Keep reading
The best way to become a better writer is to be a reader first.
Reading poets'works can help you find out what kind of poetry you might like to write.
Ask a teacher for advice，or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section.
Pick a subject
When thinking about what to write，you can start by looking for people and things around you.Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful.Moreover，you can draw inspiration（灵感） from ideas and subjects that make a difference to you，such as saving animals or protecting the planet.
Consider types of poetry
Common styles are rhyming and free verse.With rhyming，you can make the first line rhyme with the second，the third line rhyme with the fourth，and so on.With free verse，you can rhyme or not rhyme at all.
Start writing
Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook，from colours to smells to sounds.From there，you can start writing your poem.Once you have a draft ready，you can put it away for a day.Then read your poem again and make it better until you're happy with it.
Share it with someone
After you finish your poem，read it to a family member，a teacher，or even your pet.
Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life.
Follow the guidelines，you will become a poet-to-be!
注意：1-8小题每个空格只填一个单词；9-10根据要求填写。
Introduction Poetry has no real rules， (1) useful guidelines can help with your writing.
(2) on writing your own poetry Keep reading The first (3) to be a poet is to be a reader.
To learn what to read，you can ask teachers or (4) books on poetry.
Pick a subject The subject (5) on what is around you，what you love，and what is important to you.
Consider types Knowing the differences (6) rhyming and free verse is also helpful.
Start writing You can collect touching things，start writing，and (7) the poem.
Share with someone Reading your poem out loud to someone can make it (8) .
Your ideas
(1)
(2) Why do you like him/her？（At least five words）

五、选词填空-短文：本大题共1小题，共5分。
37.
instead of ，so far ，make sure，small ，throw away
Once a plastic bottle is made，it stays for a very long time.Plastic does not rot away（腐烂），it just becomes（1）______pieces.We have to find a place to put all the plastic we（2）______.
Since plastic was invented，around 9.1 billion tons have been made.A lot of this plastic goes into landfills（垃圾填埋场）.Only a small part has been recycled（3）______.
There are many types of plastic.Some plastic cannot be recycled，while others can only be recycled in special factories.So we need to（4）______we have different ways to do with them correctly：
Take your own bag to the supermarket（5）______using a new plastic one.
Use paper straws and cups，and wooden cutlery，rather than plastic.
Drink from a reusable water bottle rather than disposable plastic bottles.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
六、首字母短文填空：本大题共1小题，共10分。
38.When I was six，a new family moved into the house next door.There was a girl，Frances，who was about my（1）a______ .We became best friends soon.I was too young to notice the （2）s______ situation in her life，but my mother did.
Mom found that Frances never invited （3）a______ into their house.Her mother went to work very early in the morning and came back looking very（4）t______ and pale.Her two brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home.Frances was （5）a______ hungry，and her clothes were often too small.
One day，Mom asked me，"Would you mind if I gave Frances some of your clothes？"I agreed.From then on，I saw（6）h______ Mom treated her with kindness，like a second daughter.And sometimes they would just sit together and talk while I was doing something else.This continued for years，（7）u______ we were both teenagers.But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland.We promised to （8）w______ to each other.
Years later，Mom received a letter from Frances.It said，"I have used your mother's（9）e______ as my guide to care for people around me.Now，I work to help children in similar situations，and I run a successful charity supporting poor children.Your mother has （10）t______ me what proper care feels like.We never know how our kindness will influence others，but it's always worth trying."
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
七、阅读填空：本大题共2小题，共10分。
39.One day，Lily was given a difficult (1) （任务）to organize a charity sale at school.She knew it was important to learn more skills，so she asked her classmates for help (2) （礼貌地）.They collected old books and handmade crafts，but some worried they couldn't (3) （买得起）to donate.Lily explained the event would help kids in need，so everyone joined.When Lilly got enough money，she felt (4) （自豪的） of herself and her classmates.Through teamwork，they not only raised money，but also learned how small acts could (5) （发展） into big kindness.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
40.Dear Sir，
I am writing to express my worries about the plans to build a road near our village.
Haldersham is one of the most beautiful (1) （village） in England.It is peaceful and quiet，and it is in a very attractive valley.
Most of the people (2) （move） here from other places since 2020，often from London.They have bought houses here (3) （avoid） the noise and the stress of the big city.If the road (4) （build），life here will change greatly.There will be a lot of noise.It will drive us mad and nobody wants to go out.
None of the people in our beautiful village want that.Now，let's express our wishes (5) （clear） to the officers：We don't support the plan!Yours faithfully， Hilary Riley
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
八、句子翻译：本大题共5小题，共10分。
41.希望工程（Project Hope）创建于1989年。（set up）
.
42.它的目的是帮助贫困地区的孩子。（Its purpose is to...）
.
43.它需要更多的钱去继续开展工作。（carry on with）
.
44.我们应该伸出援手。（a helping hand）
.
45.我下定决心要去当一名志愿者。（make up one's mind）
.
九、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
46.假设你是李华，请根据下图反映的就餐问题，以"Eat Right，Shine Bright"为题完成一篇英文倡议书，在学校"英语活动周"期间号召大家文明就餐。
注意：
1）内容涵盖所有要点，全文连贯通顺。
2）词数不少于70词。
3）文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
Eat Right，Shine Bright
Hello，everyone!I'm Li Hua from Class 1，Grade 8.
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.【解析】A.离去；B.在……上；C.向上；D.向下。根据if you have to talk in a library（如果你在图书馆里必须说话）可知，此处是你应该压低声音。keep...down压低，是动词短语。
故选：D。
如果你在图书馆里必须说话，你应该压低声音。
要求学生熟悉常见的介词的含义及用法，再根据题干即可作出选择。
2.【解析】A期盼，期待；B原谅；C表达；D解释；结合语境可知，丹尼尔是在解释什么是英式幽默。
故选：D。
---丹尼尔，你可以解释一下英式幽默的意思吗？
---英国人通常会自嘲使得其他人不会那么紧张。
作答此类试题，首先要判断各个选项的汉语意思，然后结合句意选择恰当的一项。
3.【解析】A.斯蒂芬的课改在另一天上。B.斯蒂芬的课比以前晚了。C.斯蒂芬的课改到星期五上了。D.从现在起，斯蒂芬的课在星期三上。根据Your tennis coach called about this week's lesson.It'll be on Wednesday，not Friday as usual.（你的网球教练打电话来说这周的课。就在星期三上，不像往常一样是星期五。）可知，便条上妈妈告诉斯蒂芬，他的课将在另一天上，因此选A项。
故选：A。
看右边的纸条上面写到，斯蒂芬的课改在另一天上。
做这类题，要注意分析题干信息，并结合常识和要求答题。
4.【解析】gives out分发；runs out用完；goes out熄灭；comes out出版。根据My mother plans everything well in the kitchen.（我妈妈在厨房里把一切都计划得很好。）可知，此处是说"她总是在食物吃完之前去购物。"
故选：B。
我妈妈在厨房里把一切都计划得很好。她总是在食物吃完之前去购物。
考查动词短语，要牢记动词短语的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。
5.【解析】A.最近；B.终于；C.确切地，确实如此；D.特别。根据"Suchao" is the most popular football game in Jiangsu at the moment.（'Suchao'是目前江苏最受欢迎的足球比赛。）可知，此处是确实如此。大多数足球运动员只是大学生或工人。
故选：C。
--'Suchao'是目前江苏最受欢迎的足球比赛。
--确实如此。大多数足球运动员只是大学生或工人。
要求学生熟悉常见的副词的含义及用法，再根据题干即可作出选择。
6.【解析】 A.have bought（现在完成时）；B.was buying（过去进行时）；C.buy（一般现在时）；D.bought（一般过去时）。根据But I remember it was a snowy night.（但我记得那是一个下雪的夜晚。）可知时态是一般过去时。
故选：D。
—书页都发黄了。你这本书买了多久了？
—抱歉，我忘记什么时候买的了。但我记得那是一个下雪的夜晚。
考查时态。根据句意及关键词确定时态。
7.【解析】A.重要性；B.教育；C.条件；D.差异。根据between China and France（中国和法国之间）可知，此处是了解中国和法国之间的文化差异是很重要的。
故选：D。
—苏珊，我暑假要去法国。有什么建议吗？
—了解中国和法国之间的文化差异是很重要的。
要求学生熟悉常见的名词的含义及用法，再根据题干即可作出选择。
8.【解析】holds举行，一般现在时的第三人称单数；was held一般过去时的被动语态；is held一般现在时的被动语态；will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子中的时间状语tomorrow（明天），可以判断这是一个将来时的句子。同时主语show（演出）与动词hold（举办）之间是被动关系，即演出是被举办的，因此需要使用被动语态。综合起来，正确的表达是 "will be held"（将被举办）。
故选：D。
—明天有一场关于如何控制污染的演出。你会来吗？
—我很乐意。谢谢你，基蒂。
掌握一般将来时被动语态的结构和用法是解答本题的关键。
9.【解析】A.时间顺序。B.空间顺序。C.从具体到一般。D.从一般到具体。根据段落先列举"读小说探索魔法世界""看搞笑漫画放松""从科学历史书籍中学知识"等具体阅读场景，再得出"每本书都带来快乐""打开书就不会无聊"等一般性结论的结构可知，其组织方式是从具体事例过渡到概括性观点，属于"从具体到一般"的逻辑。
故选：C。
如何组织段落来支持阅读是有趣的观点？阅读小说可以让你探索一个神奇的世界。有趣的漫画或短篇故事在忙碌的一天后放松你的心情。更重要的是，你可以从书籍中学到关于科学或历史的有趣事实。每本书都带来快乐。打开一本书，你就永远不会感到无聊！
题目通过分析段落中具体阅读事例与概括性结论的逻辑关系，考查对文本结构组织方式的理解，精准区分了不同逻辑顺序的特点。
10.【解析】A.人多好办事。B.不要两头烧蜡烛。C.一花独放不是春。D.别处的草总是更绿。根据We only have one day to prepare for the art festival，but there's so much to do!（我们只有一天时间来准备艺术节，但是有很多事情要做！）和The whole class will join us.（全班都会加入我们。）可知，人多好办事，因此选A项。
故选：A。
—我们只有一天时间来准备艺术节，但是有很多事情要做！
—振作起来！全班都会加入我们。人多好办事。
做这类题，要注意分析题干信息，弄清谚语的意思，按照语境答题。
11~20.【解析】（ 1）考查动词。句意：这个男孩从未体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他的大脑有病，常常导致平衡问题。A.produced生产；B.caused导致；C.achieved取得；D.expressed表达。根据下文"balance trouble（平衡问题）"，可知，此处指导致平衡问题，故选B。
（ 2）考查形容词。句意：当他回到家，Mclindon上网找到了一辆带安全带的三轮卧式自行车，对于有平衡问题的孩子来说很完美。A.equal平等的；B.wise明智的；C.perfect完美的；D.necessary必要的。根据下文"for a child with balance problem.（对于有平衡问题的孩子来说。）"可知，此处指对于有平衡问题的孩子来说很完美，故选C。
（ 3）考查连词。句意：但还有更多，Mclindon从这位父亲的脸上看到了极大的兴奋。A.But但是；B.So所以；C.Because因为；D.While当……时。根据下文"there was more（还有更多）"，可知，此处与上文构成转折关系，故选A。
（ 4）考查动词。句意：那个微笑开启了Mclindon家庭基金会。A.set设置；B.started开始，开启；C.built建造；D.developed发展。根据下文"the Mclindon Family Foundation（Mclindon家庭基金会）"，可知，此处指开启了Mclindon家庭基金会，故选B。
（ 5）考查动词。句意：在捐赠的支持下，该组织与医院合作，寻找可以从这种自行车中受益的孩子。A.cure治愈；B.interview采访；C.find找到；D.train训练。根据下文"children who can get help from this kind of bike.（可以从这种自行车中受益的孩子。）"可知，此处指寻找可以从这种自行车中受益的孩子，故选C。
（ 6）考查形容词。句意：这辆自行车很贵——3000到4000美元。A.high高的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.wonderful精彩的；D.serious严肃的。根据下文"＄3，000 to＄4，000（3000到4000美元）"，可知，此处指这辆自行车很贵，故选B。
（ 7）考查名词。句意：对于那些足够幸运能得到一辆的孩子来说，这真的是一次生命的改变。A.changer改变者；B.maker制造者；C.beginner初学者；D.trainer训练者。根据上文"For kids lucky enough to get one.（对于那些幸运能获得一辆的孩子们。）"可知，此处指对于那些足够幸运能得到一辆的孩子来说，这真的是一次生命的改变，故选A。
（ 8）考查连词。句意：在她得到自行车后，她正在为有特殊需求的三项全能比赛进行训练。A.Before在……之前；B.After在……之后；C.Until直到；D.If如果。根据下文"she got her bike，she was training for special-needs triathlons.（在她得到自行车，她正在为有特殊需求的三项全能比赛进行训练。）"可知，此处指在她得到自行车后，她正在为有特殊需求的三项全能比赛进行训练，故选B。
（ 9）考查名词。句意：我一直知道我体内有运动员的潜能。A.teacher老师；B.doctor医生；C.athlete运动员；D.speaker演讲者。根据上文"she was training for special-needs triathlons.（她正在为特殊需求铁人三项训练。）"可知，此处指她体内有运动员的潜能，故选C。
（ 10）考查副词。句意：到目前为止，该基金会已经捐赠了450辆自行车，但这仅仅是个开始。A.still仍然；B.mostly主要地；C.mainly主要地；D.just仅仅。根据下文"a start（一个开始）"，可知，此处指但这仅仅是个开始，故选D。
本文主要讲述了Andrew Mclindon为患有平衡问题的孩子提供特殊自行车的故事，他通过创立基金会，为这些孩子提供帮助，改变了他们的生活。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
21~23.【解析】（ 1）细节理解题。根据Characteristics（特点）下面的内容：There is a problem in the story and a realistic solution（解决办法）.（故事中有一个问题和一个现实的解决方案。）可知，现实主义小说的特点是：故事中有一个问题和一个解决方案。故选C。
（ 2）推理判断题。根据What is Realistic Fiction？（什么是现实主义小说？）下面的内容：Realistic Fiction is a story that is made up.The characters，setting，and events are all not true，but they could happen in real life and to real people.（现实主义小说是虚构的故事。人物、背景和事件都不是真的，但它们可能发生在现实生活中，也可能发生在真实的人身上。）和文学常识，可知，以下选项A：《茶馆》可能是现实主义小说。故选A。
（ 3）推理判断题。根据What is Realistic Fiction？（什么是现实主义小说？）下面的内容：Realistic Fiction is a story that is made up.The characters，setting，and events are all not true，but they could happen in real life and to real people.（现实主义小说是虚构的故事。人物、背景和事件都不是真的，但它们可能发生在现实生活中，也可能发生在真实的人身上。）可知，本文主要讲述了什么是现实主义小说以及其特点和写作目的，故这段文字很可能来自：阅读指南。故选B。
本文主要讲述了什么是现实主义小说以及其特点和写作目的。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24~26.【解析】（ 1）细节理解题。根据第八段 Unlike traditional charities，GoFundMe lets donors choose exactly where their money goes.If you care about helping animals，you can donate to an animal centre. （与传统慈善机构不同，GoFundMe允许捐赠者准确选择资金流向。如果你关心帮助动物，你可以向动物中心捐款。）可知，GoFundMe是一个慈善组织。故选D。
（ 2）推理判断题。根据第十一段中GoFundMe needs a little money（about 2.9% per donation） to keep the website running well.（GoFundMe需要一点钱（每次捐款约2.9%）来保持网站的良好运行。）可知，如果Gofundme为玛丽筹集10万元，它需要扣除2.9%的费用，所以她能得到97100（100000-100000×2.9%=97100）元。故选A。
（ 3）主旨大意题。根据最后一段Whether you want to help others or make your own dream come true，GoFundMe makes donation simple.Remember：Every great idea starts with a first step!（无论您是想帮助他人还是实现自己的梦想，GoFundMe都能让捐赠变得简单。记住：每一个伟大的想法都始于第一步！）及通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了GoFundMe平台，包括其功能、特点、安全性及使用方式。因此这篇文章的目的是介绍一个安全、受欢迎的众筹平台。故选C。
短文主要介绍了GoFundMe平台，包括其功能、特点、安全性及使用方式。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
27~30.【解析】（ 1）细节理解题。根据第一段In three weeks，I was able to speak their language and learned much about their country，Lilliput.（在三个星期里，我能够说他们的语言，并了解了他们的国家利力浦特。）根据第二段Soon after that，the emperor told two officers to look into my pockets.（不久之后，皇帝让两名官员检查我的口袋。）根据第五段I had to fire the pistol in front of the emperor and his men.（我不得不在皇帝和他的手下面前开枪。）根据第七段和第八段The messenger said to the emperor："When we were walking along the beach，we found something huge and black.（使者对皇帝说："当我们沿着海滩走的时候，我们发现了一个巨大的黑色的东西。）可知正确的顺序是：②③①④。故选D。
（ 2）推理判断题。根据第五段I had to fire the pistol in front of the emperor and his men.When I shot it，hundreds of small people fell to the ground.（我不得不在皇帝和他的手下面前开枪。我开枪的时候，几百个小人倒在了地上。）可推知人们怕枪声。故选D。
（ 3）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段Soon I learned that the strange thing was my hat.I was wearing it when I was in the water，but I lost it when I was up on the beach.（很快我就知道那个奇怪的东西是我的帽子。我在水里的时候戴着它，但是我上到沙滩的时候把它弄丢了。）可知他丢了帽子是因为因为它是在他离开水面时掉下来的。故选C。
（ 4）主旨大意题。根据第一段Lots of people came to the temple to see me.（很多人来寺庙看我。）可知本文主要讲了格列佛来到小人国的经历，即一个巨人了解小人国。故选D。
短文主要讲述了主人公格列佛在利立普特的经历，包括受到皇帝和众人的款待、学习当地语言、展示个人物品以及演示火枪使用等。期间，皇帝好奇并检查了主人公的物品，如手表和手枪，甚至让主人公当场演示火枪。后来，海边发现的一个巨大黑色物体被证实是主人公丢失的帽子，皇帝派人将其运回并尝试用马匹拉动。
阅读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文，在原文中找出与题目对应的内容，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
31~35.【解析】（ 1）细节理解题。根据第二段中If three people walk together，the elder or a teacher should be in the middle.（如果三个人走在一起，老人或老师应该在中间。）可知，在中国古代，当你和你的同学一起散步时，你的老师应该在中间，故选A。
（ 2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Everyone should be sitting in a proper position（位置）at dining tables.It is based on their titles，ranks，or age.If someone doesn't know the exact position，they should wait and follow the host's lead.The best seat is the one that faces the east or the door.Hosts usually sit facing the west.（每个人都应该坐在餐桌旁的适当位置。这取决于他们的头衔、级别或年龄。如果有人不知道确切的位置，他们应该等待并跟随主人的引导。最好的座位是朝东或靠门的座位。主人通常面朝西方坐着。）可知，说的是座位顺序，结合选项，因此在文章中，我们可以把"座位顺序在家庭和商务晚餐中仍然被广泛使用。"这句话放在②处，故选 B。
（ 3）细节理解题。根据最后一段首句The Fist-and-Palm Salute，is another type of Yi Li，with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand.（拳掌礼炮是另一种仪礼，左手遮盖住右手。）并结合选项可知，B张图片正确描述了"拳头掌礼"，故选B。
（ 4）推理判断题。根据最后一段The Fist-and-Palm Salute，is another type of Yi Li，with the fist's right hand covered by the left hand.It first appeared in the army when people held weapons（武器）while showing respect to others.So，people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons.（拳掌礼炮是另一种仪礼，左手遮盖住右手。它最早出现在军队中，当时人们拿着武器，同时尊重他人。所以，人们总是用左手盖住拿武器的右手。）可知，提到"抱拳礼"最初出现在军队中，人们在向他人表示敬意时手持武器，因此下划线的句子"So，people always use the left hand to cover the right hand that holds weapons."增加了关于"抱拳礼"的信息，故选C。
（ 5）推理判断题。根据第一段Since the Zhou Dynasty（1046 BC-256 BC），a complete etiquette system has been set.Today，many of these rules are not as strict as before.However，some are still followed on important occasions and are thought as good examples of good manners.（自周朝（公元前1046年至公元前256年）以来，已经建立了一套完整的礼仪体系。如今，这些规则中的许多都不像以前那么严格了。然而，有些在重要场合仍然被遵守，被认为是礼貌的好例子。）及通读全文可知，文章中提到了中国礼仪的三个方面，因此可以推断出作者可能会在接下来的段落中讨论另一种中国礼仪。故选A。
短文主要介绍了中国古代礼仪制度的部分内容，包括行走、就坐及作揖等礼仪。行走时与尊长或老人同行有特定规矩，三人同行长辈或老师居中；就坐有基于身份、年龄等的座位安排，不知时可等主人引导；还阐述了作揖及抱拳礼的含义、形式及起源等。
通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
36.【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段"Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules to writing a poem.Even so，there are some useful guidelines（指导原则）that can help you write poetry."（许多作家喜欢诗歌，因为写诗没有真正的规则。即便如此，还是有一些有用的指导方针可以帮助你写诗。）可知，诗歌没有真正的规则，但有用的指南可以帮助你的写作。前后为转折关系，且空前有逗号，用表示转折关系的连词but连接。故填but。
（2）细节理解题。根据第1段"Even so，there are some useful guidelines（指导原则）that can help you write poetry.Here's how to get started."（即便如此，还是有一些有用的指导方针可以帮助你写诗。下面是如何开始。）第2段"Keep reading"（继续阅读）以及第6段"Pick a subject"（选择一个主题）可知，此处需概括后文5条建议的总标题。即写自己的诗的指南。guideline"指南"，有五条，用复数的guidelines，首字母大写。故填Guidelines。
（3）细节理解题。根据第2段"Keep reading"（继续阅读）和第3段"The best way to become a better writer is to be a reader first."（成为一个更好的作家的最好方法是先成为一个读者。）可知，成为诗人的第一步是阅读。step"步骤"，可数名词，此处指第一步，用单数。故填step。
（4）细节理解题。根据第2段"Keep reading"（继续阅读）和第5段"Ask a teacher for advice，or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section."（向老师寻求建议，或者去当地的图书馆，让图书管理员带你去诗歌区。）可知，要知道该读什么，你可以向老师或图书管理员请教诗歌方面的书籍。librarian"图书管理员"，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数的librarians。故填librarians。
（5）细节理解题。根据第7段" When thinking about what to write，you can start by looking for people and things around you.Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful."（在考虑写什么的时候，你可以从寻找周围的人和事开始。花点时间想想你喜欢什么也是有用的。）可知，主题取决于周围事物、个人喜好及重要议题。描述事实用一般现在时。空处位于主语"The subject"后，动词用三单形式。depend on"依赖"，指客观上取决于周围事物、个人喜好及重要议题，depend的三单形式为depends。故填depends。
（6）细节理解题。根据第8段Consider types of poetry"（考虑诗歌的类型）和第9段"Common styles are rhyming and free verse.With rhyming，you can make the first line rhyme with the second，the third line rhyme with the fourth，and so on."（常见的风格是押韵和自由诗。押韵时，你可以让第一行和第二行押韵，第三行和第四行押韵，以此类推。）可知，知道押韵诗和自由诗之间的区别也是有帮助的。between…and…"在……和……之间"。故填between。
（7）细节理解题。根据第11段"Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook，from colours to smells to sounds.From there，you can start writing your poem.Once you have a draft ready，you can put it away for a day.Then read your poem again and make it better until you're happy with it."（在一个小本子上记下你接触到的东西，从颜色到气味再到声音。然后，你就可以开始写诗了。一旦你准备好了草稿，你可以把它放一天。然后再读一遍你的诗，把它改得更好，直到你满意为止。）可知，完成初稿后需修改或改进，直至自己满意。空处与"collect"和"start"位于"can"后，是并列谓语，填动词原形。revise"修改"，动词；improve"改进"，动词。故填revise/improve。
（8）细节理解题。根据倒数第2段"Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life."（大声朗读一首诗可以使它生动起来。）可知，朗读能使诗歌充满活力。make sth+形容词"使某物……"，空处填形容词作宾语补足语。alive"充满活力的"，形容词。故填alive。
（9）主观表达题。开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可，参考答案为Li Bai.
（10）主观表达题。开放性试题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可，参考答案为Because he is talented.
本文主要介绍了创作诗歌的实用指导原则。
做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。
37.【解析】1. 考查形容词。句意：塑料不会腐烂，只会变成小块。small pieces（小块儿），固定搭配，故填：small。
2. 考查动词短语。句意：我们得找个地方把扔掉的塑料都放起来。根据We have to find a place to put all the plastic （我们得找个地方放所有的塑料）结合选项可知空处应填：扔掉，句子为一般现在时，主语We为复数，谓语动词应用原形，故填：throw away。
3. 考查介词短语。句意：到目前为止，只有一小部分被回收。根据Only a small part has been recycled（只有一小部分被回收），结合选项可知空处应填：到目前为止，故填so far。
4. 考查动词。句意：因此，我们需要确保我们有不同的方法来正确处理它们：带自己的袋子去超市，不要用新的塑料袋。根据we have different ways to do with them correctly：（我们有不同的方法来正确处理它们：）结合选项可知空处应填：确保，故填：make sure。
5. 考查介词短语。句意：带自己的包去超市，而不是用新的塑料袋。根据Take your own bag to the supermarket（带上你自己的包去超市），结合选项可知空处应填：而不是，故填：instead of。
38.【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：有个女孩叫弗朗西斯，和我差不多大。根据We became best friends soon（我们很快就成了最好的朋友）和首字母，可知，age"年龄"符合语境，表示特指。故答案为：age。
2. 考查形容词。句意：我太小了，没有注意到她生活中的悲惨处境，但我妈妈注意到了。根据Her two brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home（她的两个兄弟穿着脏衣服，从不在家）和首字母，可知，sad"悲伤的"符合语境，修饰名词situation。故答案为：sad。
3. 考查复合不定代词。句意：妈妈发现弗朗西斯从来没有邀请过任何人进屋。根据Mom found that Frances never invited...into their house（妈妈发现弗朗西斯从来没有邀请过......进屋）和首字母，可知，anyone"任何人"符合语境，用于否定句。故答案为：anyone。
4. 考查形容词。句意：她妈妈一大早就去上班了，回来时看起来又累又苍白。根据Her mother went to work very early in the morning（她妈妈一大早就去上班了）和首字母，可知，tired"劳累的"符合语境，系动词后跟形容词。故答案为：tired。
5. 考查副词。句意：弗朗西斯总是饿，而且她的衣服经常太小。根据Her two brothers wore dirty clothes and were never at home（她的两个兄弟穿着脏衣服，从不在家）和首字母，可知，always"总是"符合语境。故答案为：always。
6. 考查副词。句意：从那时起，我看到了妈妈是如何像对待第二个女儿一样善待她的。根据like a second daughter（像第二个女儿）和首字母，可知，how"如何"符合语境。故答案为：how。
7. 考查连词。句意：这种情况持续了好几年，直到我们都是青少年。根据This continued for years，...we were both teenagers（这种情况持续了好几年，......我们都是青少年）和首字母，可知，until"直到"符合语境。故答案为：until。
8. 考查动词。句意：我们答应互相写信。根据But then her mother decided they were moving back to Ireland（但后来她的母亲决定他们要搬回爱尔兰）和首字母，可知，write"写"符合语境，promise to do sth"答应做某事"。故答案为：write。
9. 考查名词。句意：我以你母亲为榜样，照顾身边的人。根据to care for people around me（照顾身边的人）和首字母，可知，example"例子"符合语境，表示特指。故答案为：example。
10. 考查动词。句意：你妈妈教会了我什么是适当的照顾。根据Your mother has...me what proper care feels like（你妈妈......了我什么是适当的照顾）和首字母，可知，teach"教"符合语境，时态为现在完成时，has后跟teach的过去分词形式taught。故答案为：taught。
39.【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：一天，Lily接到组织校园慈善义卖的艰巨任务。task任务，前有冠词a，此处应填入名词单数形式。故填task。
2. 考查副词。句意：她知道学习更多技能很重要，所以她礼貌地请同学帮忙。politely礼貌地，副词修饰动词asked。故填politely。
3. 考查动词。句意：他们收集旧书与手工艺品，但有些人担心他们无力捐赠。afford买得起，负担得起，情态动词couldn't后用动词原形。故填afford。
4. 考查形容词。句意：当Lily筹到足够多的钱，她为自己和同学们感到自豪。felt是系动词，后接形容词作表语，proud自豪的。故填proud。
5. 考查动词。句意：通过团队合作，他们不仅筹到钱，而且学会微小行动如何能发展成巨大善意。develop发展，情态动词could后用动词原形。故填develop。
40.【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：哈尔德舍姆是英国最美丽的村庄之一。固定结构，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，最.....之一，village，村庄，可数名词，复数villages。故填villages。
2. 考查现在完成时。句意：自2020年以来，大多数人都从其他地方搬到了这里，经常是从伦敦搬来的。since，自从，介词，常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构为have/has+done。主语是most of the people，大多数的人，表示复数，助动词用have，move，搬，动词，过去分词moved。故填have moved。
3. 考查不定式。句意：他们在这里买了房子，以避免大城市的噪音和压力。avoid，避免，动词。这里用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to avoid。
4. 考查被动语态。句意：如果修了路，这里的生活将发生很大的变化。这里是if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句主语the road，路，第三人称单数，和谓语动词build（修建）是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为is/are/am+过去分词。主语是单数，be动词用is，build的过去分词为built。故填is built。
5. 考查副词。句意：现在，让我们向官员们清楚地表达我们的愿望：我们不支持这个计划!clear，清楚的，形容词。这里修饰动词express（表达），要用副词形式，clearly，清楚地，副词。故填clearly。
41.【解析】根据句意可知句子用"主谓"结构，描述过去发生的事实，时态用一般过去时。主语：Project Hope希望工程，为单数名词；谓语：set up创建，此处为被动语态（be+过去分词），因时态为过去时，故系动词用was；set的过去分词仍为set。
故答案为：Project Hope was set up in 1989.
希望工程（Project Hope）创建于1989年。
此题考查汉译英，在熟知每个汉语的英语翻译的基础上，根据语法结构，组合短语或者句子，便可得出正确答案。
42.【解析】根据汉语提示"它的目的是帮助贫困地区的孩子"，可知用肯定句，时态为一般现在时。考虑用Its purpose（它的目的）作主语且属于单数，系动词用is（是），不定式短语to help children in poor areas（帮助贫困地区的孩子）作表语。
故填：Its purpose is to help children in poor areas.
它的目的是帮助贫困地区的孩子。
对于汉译英的题型，先要分析句型结构，再明确主语、谓语等句子成分，在确定句意的前提下结合语法知识翻译。
43.【解析】根据句意可知句子用"主谓宾"结构，描述客观需求，时态用一般现在时。主语：It它，为第三人称单数；谓语：needs需要，因主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式needs；宾语：more money更多的钱；不定式短语to carry on with work作目的状语，其中carry on with表示"继续开展"。
故答案为：It needs more money to carry on with work.
它需要更多的钱去继续开展工作。
此题考查汉译英，在熟知每个汉语的英语翻译的基础上，根据语法结构，组合短语或者句子，便可得出正确答案。
44.【解析】根据句意可知句子用"主谓宾"结构，表达建议，时态用一般现在时。主语：We我们，第一人称复数；谓语：should give/offer，其中should为情态动词表示"应该"，后接动词原形；宾语：a helping hand援手，为固定短语。
故答案为：We should give/offer a helping hand.
我们应该伸出援手。
此题考查汉译英，在熟知每个汉语的英语翻译的基础上，根据语法结构，组合短语或者句子，便可得出正确答案。
45.【解析】根据汉语提示"我下定决心要去当一名志愿者"，可知用肯定句，时态为一般现在时。考虑用固定句型make up one's mind to do sth，意为"下定决心做某事"，本句I作主语，此处one's用对应的物主代词my。be a volunteer当一名志愿者。
故填：I make up my mind to be a volunteer.
我下定决心要去当一名志愿者。
对于汉译英的题型，先要分析句型结构，再明确主语、谓语等句子成分，在确定句意的前提下结合语法知识翻译。
46.【解析】Eat Right，Shine Bright
Hello，everyone!I'm Li Hua from Class 1，Grade 8.Nowadays，many of us have bad habits.（点题）For example，when we are waiting in line for a meal in the dinning hall，someone will jump the queue.【高分句型一】When we eat at the table，someone will talk loudly in public.Some people even waste food and pour a lot of food into the trash can.
In my opinion，we should eat right，shine bright.We should eat up all the food.We shouldn't waste the food.We shouldn't talk loudly in public.We shouldn't jump the queue.（个人建议）
If we do this，we will form the good habit of eating in a civilized way.【高分句型二】At the same time，the social order will get better and better.（总结）
【高分句型一】
For example，when we are waiting in line for a meal in the dinning hall，someone will jump the queue.例如，当我们在食堂排队吃饭时，有人会插队。
when当……时候，音素时间状语从句。
【高分句型二】
If we do this，we will form the good habit of eating in a civilized way.如果我们这样做，我们就会养成文明饮食的好习惯。
if如果，引导条件状语从句。
根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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