资源简介

2025年新高二英语寒假作业 2025年8月_____日
第二部分 预习新知，超前集中
弯道处超车 百练题 十三
高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement
Reading and Thinking
【练词汇】
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1. ____________ n. 生理学；生理机能
2. ____________ adj.至关重要的；关键性的
3. ____________ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
4. ____________ vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)　vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→____________ n. 投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证
5. ____________ n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→____________ adj.学业的；学术的
6. ____________ n. 目标；目的　adj.客观的→____________ adj.主观的
7. ____________ adj.植物学的
8. ____________ vt.评价；评估→____________ n. 评价；评估
9. ____________ n. 性质；特征；财产
10. ___________ adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→___________ n. 区别，差别；特点，特性
11. ____________ n. 提取物；摘录　vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
12. ____________ vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开　n. 沸腾；沸点→____________ adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的
13. ____________ n. 液体　adj.液体的；液态的→___________ n. 固体　adj.牢固的，可靠的
14. ____________ vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15. ____________ vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→____________ n. 承认，确认；鸣谢
16. ____________ n. 失败；挫败　vt.击败；战胜
17. ____________ vt.分析→____________ n. 分析→____________ n. [pl.]分析
18. ____________ adv.显而易见；看来；显然→____________ adj.显然的；表面上的
19. ____________ n. 物质；物品；事实根据
20. ____________ vi.&.vt坚持；坚决要求
21. __________ adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→__________ n. 科学家 →__________ n. 科学
22. ____________ adv.主要地；一般地
23. ____________ n. 结论；推论→____________ vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束
24. ____________ vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
25. ____________ n. [usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
26. ____________ n. 小说家→____________ n. (长篇)小说
27. ____________ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应　vi.流；流动
28. ____________ n. 图表　vt.记录；制订计划
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. commit oneself ____________ do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2. insist ____________坚决要求
3. wear and tear____________4. pay attention ____________ 注意
5. lead ____________导致
6. die ____________死于……病
7. graduate ____________毕业于
8. ____________ the objective of以……为目的
9. acknowledge defeat____________10. get ____________卡住，陷入
11. ____________ chance偶然
12. draw ____________抽出；拖延，拉长
13. ____________ than 除……之外
14. relate ____________ 与……有联系
15. be distinct ____________与……不同
16. ____________ one's mind 改变主意
17. care ____________关心，在意
18. beyond one's control____________
19. under construction____________
20. flow chart____________
【练句型】
动词不定式作主语补足语
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
介词 of 后接动名词作定语
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
upon 后接动名词作状语
Upon ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______，she said...
翻译：当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正主语
It struck him ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。
动词后接 that 从句作宾语
From this, he concluded ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。
动词后接动名词作宾语
One medical text from the fourth century suggested ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。
动词后接动名词作宾语
They then tried ______ ______ ______, and ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, but this did not work either.
翻译：然后，他们尝试煮沸青蒿，使用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但是也没管用。
答案：boiling fresh wormwood；using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria
【练课文语法填空】
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 1. ______ Tu Youyou (co-winner), 2. ______ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to 3. ______ (improve) health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a 4. ______ (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated 5. ______ Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government 6. ______ (form) a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 7. ______ (choose). In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, 8. ______ (study) malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional 9. ______ (botany) treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 10. ______ evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight 11. ______ malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 12. ______ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of 13. ______ (dry) wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid 14. ______ (obtain) from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got 15. ______ (stick). However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analyzed the medical texts again, and 16. ______ chance, she found one sentence 17. ______ (suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that 18. ______ (boil) the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a 19. ______ (low) temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 20. ______ (time), the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted 21. ______ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of 22. ______ recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was 23. ______ team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of 24. ______ (tradition) Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine 25. ______ (spread) around the world.”
【练综合】
阅读理解
（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
1. What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A. Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B. Peng was actually a very modest person.
C. Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D. Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
2. What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A. Focus on. B. Know about. C. Turn to. D. Research into.
3. How does the author develop the passage
A. By following the time order. B. By showing the great importance.
C. By providing some similar examples. D. By explaining the process of research.
4. Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A. China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B. Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C. China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D. A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
II. 七选五
（22-23高一下·广西百色·期末）How to Make the World a Better Place
When you think about people who have made the world a better place, you probably think of famous scientists or great leaders. 5 Ordinary people like you and me can also help a lot. An act of kindness can bring a smile to a person’s face even if only for a moment.
Give away your money.
Choose charity that has meaning for you. For example, if you want to help hungry children, you can try to find an international organization that provides food for those in poor areas. 6
Share your knowledge.
If a friend needs skills in a certain area, offer your advice. Perhaps she is struggling to set up a computer, and you know how to do that. Offer whatever ability you have, but always remember to be polite.
Help a stranger.
Your small actions can brighten the day of others. Hold the door for someone whose hands are full. 7 Give your seat on the bus to an old man. The key is expecting nothing in return for your acts of kindness.
8 Show the people close to you how much you care about them. Tell them they mean a lot to you. Make a beautiful gift for a friend. Take your husband to his favourite fun place if he has had a hard week. Tell your children how much they mean to you.
Be grateful to others.
9 Thank the waiter. Do you have a very good neighbour who is always there when you need her Tell her how much you appreciate her being in your life.
A. That is not all the truth.
B. Care about those you know.
C. Help the blind cross the street.
D. You should know what love means.
E. Every cent you give away will mean a lot.
F. Have you had good service in a restaurant
G. You should learn to express gratitude to others.
III. 完形填空
（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Life is to be lived. No excuses. No holding back.
A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 10 a beautiful instrument he wanted to get. When he 11 raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) 12 .
He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to 13 him to sell the violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions and he could not let it go. Kreisler felt 14 and turned to leave, but then asked a favour, “May I play the instrument once more 15 it is put away ”
16 was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 17 . “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let people 18 it. ”
For you and I are excellent violins — our 19 is meant to be heard.
I want to live my 20 that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather be 21 than die not having done whatever I could.
I’m not talking about 22 ourselves by doing too much. Happiness is never found in excessive business. But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand. 23 to work for a charity organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative.
In the end, I know that my happiness is not about what I can or cannot do. It is about how much I 24 to others. My life is meant to be lived.
10. A. found out B. gave up C. took over D. came across
11. A. possibly B. recently C. finally D. seriously
12. A. collector B. musician C. performer D. inventor
13. A. expect B. persuade C. help D. force
14. A. angry B. disappointed C. helpless D. brave
15. A. so that B. unless C. as if D. before
16. A. Permission B. Judgment C. Award D. Money
17. A. pain B. amazement C. secret D. sorrow
18. A. discuss B. use C. know D. hear
19. A. story B. music C. message D. voice
20. A. word B. instrument C. life D. work
21. A. dressed up B. used up C. beaten up D. woken up
22. A. protecting B. controlling C. amusing D. exhausting
23. A. Volunteer B. Struggle C. Continue D. Wait
24. A. talk B. turn C. give D. adapt2025年新高二英语寒假作业 2025年8月_____日
第二部分 预习新知，超前集中
弯道处超车 百练题 十三
高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement
Reading and Thinking
【练词汇】
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1. physiology n. 生理学；生理机能
2. crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
3. vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
4. commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)　vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n. 投入，奉献；承诺，许诺，保证
5. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
6. objective n. 目标；目的　adj.客观的→subjective adj.主观的
7. botanical adj.植物学的
8. evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估
9. property n. 性质；特征；财产
10. distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n. 区别，差别；特点，特性
11. extract n. 提取物；摘录　vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
12. boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开　n. 沸腾；沸点→boiling adj.达到沸点的；沸腾的
13. liquid n. 液体　adj.液体的；液态的→solid n. 固体　adj.牢固的，可靠的
14. obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得　vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
15. acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n. 承认，确认；鸣谢
16. defeat n. 失败；挫败　vt.击败；战胜
17. analyse vt.分析→analysis n. 分析→analyses n. [pl.]分析
18. apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.显然的；表面上的
19. substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
20. insist vi.&.vt坚持；坚决要求
21. scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→scientist n. 科学家 →science n. 科学
22. mostly adv.主要地；一般地
23. conclusion n. 结论；推论→conclude vt.推断出，断定；终止，结束
24. flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
25. circumstance n. [usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况
26. novelist n. 小说家→novel n. (长篇)小说
27. flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应　vi.流；流动
28. chart n. 图表　vt.记录；制订计划
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. commit oneself to do承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2. insist on坚决要求
3. wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4. pay attention to 注意
5. lead to导致
6. die from死于……病
7. graduate from毕业于
8. with the objective of以……为目的
9. acknowledge defeat承认失败
10. get stuck卡住，陷入
11. by chance偶然
12. draw out抽出；拖延，拉长
13. other than 除……之外
14. relate to 与……有联系
15. be distinct from与……不同
16. change one's mind 改变主意
17. care about关心，在意
18. beyond one's control某人无法控制
19. under construction正在建设中
20. flow chart流程图
【练句型】
动词不定式作主语补足语
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。
答案：to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone
介词 of 后接动名词作定语
In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
答案：of discovering a new treatment for malaria
upon 后接动名词作状语
Upon ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______，she said...
翻译：当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
答案：hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize
it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正主语
It struck him ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。
答案：that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen
动词后接 that 从句作宾语
From this, he concluded ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。
答案：that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time
动词后接动名词作宾语
One medical text from the fourth century suggested ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。
答案：using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever
动词后接动名词作宾语
They then tried ______ ______ ______, and ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, but this did not work either.
翻译：然后，他们尝试煮沸青蒿，使用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但是也没管用。
答案：boiling fresh wormwood；using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria
【练课文语法填空】
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded 1. ______ Tu Youyou (co-winner), 2. ______ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to 3. ______ (improve) health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou, a 4. ______ (commit) and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated 5. ______ Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government 6. ______ (form) a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 7. ______ (choose). In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, 8. ______ (study) malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional 9. ______ (botany) treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 10. ______ evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight 11. ______ malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested 12. ______ (use) the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of 13. ______ (dry) wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid 14. ______ (obtain) from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got 15. ______ (stick). However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analyzed the medical texts again, and 16. ______ chance, she found one sentence 17. ______ (suggest) a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that 18. ______ (boil) the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. Using a 19. ______ (low) temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 20. ______ (time), the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted 21. ______ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of 22. ______ recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was 23. ______ team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of 24. ______ (tradition) Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine 25. ______ (spread) around the world.”
答案：
1. to 2. whose 3. improved 4. committed 5. from
6. formed 7. chosen 8. to study 9. botanical 10. and
11. against 12. using 13. dried 14. obtained 15. stuck
16. by 17. suggesting 18. boiling 19. lower 20. times
21. on 22. whom 23. a 24. traditional 25. to be spread
【练综合】
阅读理解
（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）Nuclear expert Peng Shilu once said that he only did two things in his entire life: one was to build nuclear submarines (核潜艇), and the other to build nuclear power plants. Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations.
Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. At that time, the central government decided to select a group of outstanding students studying abroad to transfer to the atomic energy major. Peng willingly agreed, marking the beginning of his lifelong commitment to developing China’s nuclear power.
In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. Appointed as the director-in-chief, Peng once again devoted himself to its preparation and construction.
During his career, Peng held a variety of high-ranking titles. In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, one of the top academic bodies in China.
Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 at the age of 96. The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions.
1. What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A. Peng took interest in nothing but nuclear power.
B. Peng was actually a very modest person.
C. Peng played a tiny role in building nuclear power plants.
D. Peng was the most important figure in the nuclear field.
2. What does the underlined part in the 2nd paragraph mean
A. Focus on. B. Know about. C. Turn to. D. Research into.
3. How does the author develop the passage
A. By following the time order. B. By showing the great importance.
C. By providing some similar examples. D. By explaining the process of research.
4. Which of the following is the proper title for the passage
A. China Honors a Nuclear Power Expert
B. Peng Shilu Built Nuclear Submarines
C. China Lost a Famous Nuclear Expert
D. A Nuclear Hero Devoted Himself to Helping His Country
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄院士的生平事迹和重要贡献。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Despite being one of the founding members of China’s nuclear power industry, Peng described himself as playing a tiny role in the task. (尽管彭是中国核电工业的奠基人之一，但他说自己在这项任务中发挥的作用很小)”可推知，彭士禄院士是一个非常谦虚的人。故选B项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Peng was selected to study chemical machinery (机械) in the Soviet Union. In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. (彭被选派到苏联学习化学机械。1956年，当他即将毕业时，他面临着人生的转折点)”和下文“the atomic energy major (原子能专业)”可知，彭面临的转折点是放弃自己原来的专业，改学原子能专业，turn to表示“转向”，与画线部分意义一致。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段引出文章的主题，再结合第二段中“Peng was born in 1925 into a family of heroes. (彭于1925年出生在一个英雄家庭)”、“In 1956, when he was about to graduate, he faced a turning point in his life. (1956年，当他即将毕业时，他面临着人生的转折点)”、第三段中“In 1958, China started to independently develop its own nuclear submarines, and Peng was appointed to take charge of the research and design of the nuclear propulsion system. In the 1980s, China decided to build a commercial nuclear power plant. (1958年，中国开始独立研制自己的核潜艇，彭被任命负责核动力推进系统的研究和设计。在20世纪80年代，中国决定建造一座商业核电站)”、第四段中“In 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (1994年他当选为中国工程院院士)”和最后一段中“Peng passed away in Beijing on March 22, 2021 (彭于2021年3月22日在北京去世)”可知，文章按照时间顺序讲述彭士禄院士的生平。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“In fact, he held leading positions in most of China’s early nuclear power projects, from the first-generation nuclear submarines to the establishment of Dayawan and Qinshan nuclear power stations. (事实上，从第一代核潜艇到大亚湾和秦山核电站的建设，他在中国早期的大部分核电项目中都担任领导职务)”和最后一段中“The Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee awarded the title “Role Model of the Times” to Peng for his contributions. (中共中央宣传部授予他“时代楷模”称号，以表彰他的贡献)”可知，文章讲述了中国著名的核动力专家彭士禄的事迹，尤其体现了彭士禄为祖国发展所做的贡献。因此，D项“一位核英雄致力于帮助他的国家”最契合彭士禄的人物事迹和贡献，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
II. 七选五
（22-23高一下·广西百色·期末）How to Make the World a Better Place
When you think about people who have made the world a better place, you probably think of famous scientists or great leaders. 5 Ordinary people like you and me can also help a lot. An act of kindness can bring a smile to a person’s face even if only for a moment.
Give away your money.
Choose charity that has meaning for you. For example, if you want to help hungry children, you can try to find an international organization that provides food for those in poor areas. 6
Share your knowledge.
If a friend needs skills in a certain area, offer your advice. Perhaps she is struggling to set up a computer, and you know how to do that. Offer whatever ability you have, but always remember to be polite.
Help a stranger.
Your small actions can brighten the day of others. Hold the door for someone whose hands are full. 7 Give your seat on the bus to an old man. The key is expecting nothing in return for your acts of kindness.
8 Show the people close to you how much you care about them. Tell them they mean a lot to you. Make a beautiful gift for a friend. Take your husband to his favourite fun place if he has had a hard week. Tell your children how much they mean to you.
Be grateful to others.
9 Thank the waiter. Do you have a very good neighbour who is always there when you need her Tell her how much you appreciate her being in your life.
A. That is not all the truth.
B. Care about those you know.
C. Help the blind cross the street.
D. You should know what love means.
E. Every cent you give away will mean a lot.
F. Have you had good service in a restaurant
G. You should learn to express gratitude to others.
【答案】5. A 6. E 7. C 8. B 9. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就普通人如何让世界变得更美好提出了一些建议。
5. 根据上文“When you think about people who have made the world a better place, you probably think of famous scientists or great leaders.(当你想到那些让世界变得更美好的人时，你可能会想到著名的科学家或伟大的领袖)”以及后文“Ordinary people like you and me can also help a lot. An act of kindness can bring a smile to a person’s face even if only for a moment.(像你我这样的普通人也能帮上很多忙。一个善意的行为可以给一个人带来微笑，即使只是片刻)”可知，本句是对上文句子的一种否定，故A选项“这并非全部事实”符合语境，故选A。
6. 根据上文“Give away your money. Choose charity that has meaning for you. For example, if you want to help hungry children, you can try to find an international organization that provides food for those in poor areas.(把你的钱捐出去。选择对你有意义的慈善事业。例如，如果你想帮助饥饿的孩子，你可以试着找到一个为贫困地区的人提供食物的国际组织)”可知，本段的主旨是捐款，且E选项中give away对应上文Give away。故E选项“你捐出的每一分钱都意义重大”符合语境，故选E。
7. 根据上文“Hold the door for someone whose hands are full.(帮手不得空的人开门)”以及后文“Give your seat on the bus to an old man.(在公共汽车上把你的座位让给一位老人)”可知，本句是在列举帮助陌生人的行为。故C选项“帮助盲人过马路”符合语境，故选C。
8. 根据本段内容“Show the people close to you how much you care about them. Tell them they mean a lot to you. Make a beautiful gift for a friend. Take your husband to his favourite fun place if he has had a hard week. Tell your children how much they mean to you.(让你身边的人知道你有多在乎他们。告诉他们，他们对你很重要。给朋友做一件漂亮的礼物。如果你丈夫一周过得很辛苦，带他去他最喜欢的娱乐场所。告诉你的孩子他们对你有多重要)”可知，本段的主旨是关心身边的人，故B选项“关心你认识的人”符合语境，故选B。
9. 根据后文“Thank the waiter. Do you have a very good neighbour who is always there when you need her Tell her how much you appreciate her being in your life.(谢谢服务员。你是否有一个在你需要的时候总是在你身边的好邻居？告诉她你有多感激她出现在你的生活中)”可知，本句应该是举例一个在餐馆中发生的场景，故F选项“你在饭店里享受到好的服务吗？”符合语境，故选F。
III. 完形填空
（23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）Life is to be lived. No excuses. No holding back.
A story about the violinist Fritz Kreisler tells how he once 10 a beautiful instrument he wanted to get. When he 11 raised the money for the violin, he returned to buy it and learned that it had already been sold to a(n) 12 .
He went to the new owner’s home in order to try to 13 him to sell the violin. However, the collector said it was one of his valuable possessions and he could not let it go. Kreisler felt 14 and turned to leave, but then asked a favour, “May I play the instrument once more 15 it is put away ”
16 was given and the great musician began to play. The violin sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in 17 . “I have no right to keep that to myself,” he said after the musician finished. “The violin is yours, Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let people 18 it. ”
For you and I are excellent violins — our 19 is meant to be heard.
I want to live my 20 that way — to take it into the world and live it fully. I’d rather be 21 than die not having done whatever I could.
I’m not talking about 22 ourselves by doing too much. Happiness is never found in excessive business. But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand. 23 to work for a charity organization. Spend an hour with a lonely relative.
In the end, I know that my happiness is not about what I can or cannot do. It is about how much I 24 to others. My life is meant to be lived.
10. A. found out B. gave up C. took over D. came across
11. A. possibly B. recently C. finally D. seriously
12. A. collector B. musician C. performer D. inventor
13. A. expect B. persuade C. help D. force
14. A. angry B. disappointed C. helpless D. brave
15. A. so that B. unless C. as if D. before
16. A. Permission B. Judgment C. Award D. Money
17. A. pain B. amazement C. secret D. sorrow
18. A. discuss B. use C. know D. hear
19. A. story B. music C. message D. voice
20. A. word B. instrument C. life D. work
21. A. dressed up B. used up C. beaten up D. woken up
22. A. protecting B. controlling C. amusing D. exhausting
23. A. Volunteer B. Struggle C. Continue D. Wait
24. A. talk B. turn C. give D. adapt
【答案】
10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小提琴家Fritz Kreisler为一位收藏家演奏小提琴的故事中，感悟到幸福存在于帮助他人之中，幸福与能做什么或不能做什么无关，而是和给予了别人多少有关。
【解析】
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一个关于小提琴家Fritz Kreisler的故事，讲述了他有一次是如何遇到一件他想要得到的漂亮乐器的。A. found out查明；B. gave up放弃；C. took over接管；D. came across偶遇。结合后文“a beautiful instrument he wanted to get”可知此处指小提琴家Fritz Kreisler偶然看到他钟爱的小提琴。故选D。
11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. possibly可能地；B. recently目前；C. finally终于；D. seriously严肃地。结合后文“raised the money for the violin, he returned to”可知Kreisler准备去买琴，说明终于凑足了钱。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他终于筹到钱买这把小提琴时，他正要回去买它，得知它已经被卖给了一个收藏家。A. collector收藏家；B. musician音乐家；C. performer表演者；D. inventor发明者。根据后文“the collector said”可知是收藏家买了这把琴。故选A。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去了新主人的家，试图说服他卖掉这把小提琴。A. expect期望；B. persuade说服；C. help帮助；D. force迫使。根据后文“him to sell the violin”可推知是Kreisler试图说服买家把这把琴卖给自己。故选B。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. angry愤怒的；B. disappointed失望的；C. helpless无助的；D. brave勇敢的。根据上文“he could not let it go”可知卖家不肯卖，因此Kreisler感到很失望。故选B。
15. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：Kreisler感到很失望，转身离开了，但他请求收藏家帮自己一个忙：“在它被收起来之前，我可以用它弹奏一次吗？”A. so that以便；B. unless除非；C. as if好像；D. before在……之前。根据前后文语境“May I play the instrument once more 6 it is put away ”可推知是在琴收起来之前，用它演奏一次，应用before。故选D。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：得到允许后，这位伟大的音乐家开始演奏。A. Permission允许；B. Judgment判断；C. Award奖；D. Money金钱。根据后文“the great musician began to play”可知收藏家允许Kreisler用小提琴演奏。故选A。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：小提琴发出了美妙的音乐，连收藏家自己也听得惊叹不已。A. pain痛苦；B. amazement惊异；C. secret秘密；D. sorrow悲伤。根据上文“sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful that the collector himself could only listen in”以及收藏家后来决定把琴送给Kreisler，可推知收藏家对小提琴发出的美妙音乐惊叹不已，in amazement惊讶地。故选B。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把它带向世界上，让人们听到。A. discuss讨论；B. use使用；C. know知道；D. hear听见。结合后“is meant to be heard”可知是指让人们听到这美妙的音乐。故选D。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为你我都是优秀的小提琴手，我们的音乐是为了让别人听到。A. story故事；B. music音乐；C. message信息；D. voice声音。结合上文“sang out a quality of music which was so beautiful”可知，小提琴手演奏出的音乐就是为了让别人听到。故选B。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要那样的生活——带着它走进世界，充实地生活。A. word话语；B. instrument仪器；C. life生活；D. work工作。根据下一段中“to take it into the world and live it fully”可知此处是在对生活的感悟，故选C。
21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿碌碌无为地死去。。A. dressed up打扮；B. used up用完，耗尽；C. beaten up殴打；D. woken up醒来。结合后文“than die not having done whatever I could”可知此处想要表达的是，宁愿耗尽自己的精力，也不愿还未做任何力所能及的事就死去。故选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是说要做太多事情来让自己筋疲力尽。A. protecting保护；B. controlling控制；C. amusing逗乐；D. exhausting使……筋疲力尽。根据后文“ourselves by doing too much”可知此处指做太多的事情让自己筋疲力尽。故选D。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：志愿为慈善组织工作。A. Volunteer志愿；B. Struggle挣扎；C. Continue继续；D. Wait等待。根据后文“to work for a charity organization”可知此处指为慈善组织做志愿工作。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是关于我给予了别人多少。A. talk谈话；B. turn转弯；C. give给予；D. adapt适应。根据上一段中“But it is found in applying our lives to helping others. Say yes when asked for a hand.”可知作者认为幸福在于帮助他人，给予别人力所能及的帮助。故选C。

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