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2025年新高二英语寒假作业 2025年8月_____日
第二部分 预习新知，超前集中
弯道处超车 百练题 十五
高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 2　LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE
Reading and Thinking
【练词汇】
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1. ____________ n. 短语
2. ____________ vt.劝说；说服→____________ n. 劝说，说服(力)→____________ adj.有说服力的；劝说的
3. ____________ vt.转换；交换　vt.& vi.(使)改变；转变　n. 开关；转换器；改变
4. ____________ adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→____________ n. 距离；远方；疏远→____________ vt.疏远；把……远远甩在后面
5. ____________ adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的　vt.获得；拴牢；保护→____________ n. 保护措施；安全工作
6. ____________ n. 旋钮；球形把手
7. ____________ n. 电器；器具
8. ____________ adj.远程的；偏远的
9. ____________ adj.自动的→____________ adv.自动地
10. ____________ adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→____________vi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体→____________ n. 综合；一体化；融化
11. ____________ n. 传感器；敏感元件→____________ n. 感觉能力；意识；感觉　vt.感觉到；觉察到；意识到；理解；领悟
12. ____________ adj.效率高的；有功效的→____________ n. 效率；功率
13. ____________ n. 模式；方式；风格
14. ____________ n. 常规；正常顺序　adj.常规的；日常的
15. ____________ n. 爱好；偏爱→____________ vi.& vt.更喜欢；宁愿
16. ____________ n. 瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→____________ adv.立即，立刻；马上地；立即地　conj.一……就……
17. ____________ n. 指令；命令；控制　vt.命令；控制→____________ n. 指挥官，司令官
18. ____________ vi.& vt.服从；遵守→____________ vi.& vt.不服从；不遵守
19. ____________ n. 警告；警示；先兆→____________ vi.& vt.警告
20. ____________ adj.不断的；重复的；不变的　n. 常数；常量→____________ adv.不断地
21. ____________ adj.不正常的；反常的→____________ adj.正常的
22. ____________ adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的
23. ____________ n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤
24. ____________ adv.潜在地；可能地→___________ adj.可能的；潜在的　n. 潜力；可能性
25. ____________ vi.& vt.漏；渗漏；透露　n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露
26. ____________ adj.电的；用电的→____________ n. 电力；电流→____________ adj.电的；电动的；发电的；导电的
27. ____________ n. 电线线路；线路系统 →____________ n. 电线；金属丝(或线)　vt.接通电源；将……连接到→____________ adj.无线的
28. ____________ vt.发现；查明→____________ n. 侦探→____________ n. 侦查；察觉；发觉；检查
29. ____________ adj.有关的；有意义的→____________ n. 中肯；关联；相关性→____________ adj.无关的；无意义的
30. ____________ n. 幻想；想象
31. ____________ n. 创新；创造→____________ v. 改革；创新
32. ____________ adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的
33. ____________ adv.尽管如此；不过；然而
34. ____________ n. 结构；体系　vt.系统安排；精心组织
35. ____________ n. 犯罪活动；不法行为→____________ adj.犯罪的；刑事的
36. ____________ vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合→____________ n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. switch ____________关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. all the time____________
3. remote control_________________________
4. air conditioner____________
5. ____________ oneself单独，独自，独立，靠自己
6. daily ____________日常生活
7. ____________ with和……一起，随着；以及；连同
8. respond ____________回答；响应；反应；反响
9. ____________ addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且
10. keep track of____________
11. early ____________在初期；早先
12. provide sb.____________ sth.为某人提供某物；提供某人某物
13. ____________ fire着火
14. ____________ this sense ( in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
15. ____________ to关于，至于
16. benefit ____________从……受益
【练句型】
the instant 引导时间状语从句
Your lights will come on the instant ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
翻译：你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目 (会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
before 引导时间状语从句
Nevertheless, it will take some years before ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：然而，大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。
so that 引导目的状语从句
For example, the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, making your home more energyefficient.
翻译：例如，智能家居可以控制空调和灯光，这样你就不必打开和关闭开关，使你的家更节能。
【练课文语法填空】
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, 1. ______ can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us 2. ______ we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a 3. ______ (comfort) environment to live in.
Intelligent Controls
Today, we have to use 4. ______(switch) for our lights, knobs for our 5. ______(appliance), and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using 6. ______(advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use 7. ______(integrate) sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by 8. ______(it). You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off 9. ______(you). Your home will also learn your daily routine and 10. ______ (preference), so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 11. ______ instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already 12. ______ (prepare) for you. All controls will respond to voice 13. ______ (command), so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud 14. ______ you want and the home system will obey.
Regular Health Checks
In addition, your smart home 15. ______ (monitor) your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record 16. ______ well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send 17. ______ warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions 18. ______ a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal 19. ______ if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
No More Disasters
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage 20. ______ accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is 21. ______ short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you 22. ______ the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem 23. ______ your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. 24. ______ this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years 25. ______ most new homes begin to use this new technology.
【练综合】
阅读理解
A
（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Rifath Shaarook was 14 when he met Srimathy Kesan, the founder and CEO of Space Kids India (SKI), as a student journalist. What began as a one off interview soon transformed into the coming together of two minds. The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space. While other grown ups were quick to dismiss it, Kesan was different. She had laid the foundation for SKI, a private organization committed to promoting innovation among children, particularly in aerospace. She saw potential in Rifath and his idea.
Two other students soon joined Rifath. The two 17 year olds were in Hindustan University studying aerospace engineering. They chanced upon a notice on their college noticeboard that changed their life. It was about a workshop organized by Space Kids India at the NASA headquarters.
The first project was the SKI NSLV Kalam 1, a balloon satellite, launched near space to gather data on air quality, altitude, gases and so on.After a two year long struggle, Space Kids successfully launched the vehicle, a first for India — with support from educators of NASA and University of Central Florida. Around this time, a third aerospace engineering student was introduced to the team.A biologist followed soon.
Four years of hard work paid off in June with the launch of KalamSat, the world’s lightest satellite. The satellite is so small that you can hold it in your palm (手掌). It is a 3.8 centimetre cube made of 3D printed carbon fibre polymer (聚合物) and weighs 64 grams. The satellite was in space for 12 minutes and its findings will be published soon. Scientists will be able to study its behaviour and performance in microgravity. The mission also tested the effectiveness of the newly developed carbon fibre polymer in 3D printing technology.
1. How did other adults respond to Rifath’s idea of sending a student satellite to space
A. They disapproved of it. B. They doubted its possibility.
C. They claimed it was hopeful. D. They considered it worth trying.
2. What can we learn about KalamSat from the last paragraph
A. It is simply palm sized. B. It is made of strong metal.
C. It will remain in its orbit. D. It will make part of its discoveries public.
3. What is the best title for the text
A. SKI Launched Its First Satellite B. The Lightest Satellite Goes Viral
C. Creative Ideas Are Sure to Bring Success D. Student Scientists Launched a Satellite
B
（24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·期末）Researchers in China have developed a robot that recognizes different plant species at various stages of growth by “touching” their leaves with an electrode (电极). The robot can measure characters such as surface feature and water content that cannot be determined using existing visual approaches, according to the study. The robot recognized ten different plant species with an average accuracy (准确性) of 97.7% and recognized leaves of the flowering plant with 100% accuracy at various growth stages.
Eventually, large-scale farmers and agricultural researchers could use the robot to watch the health and growth of crops and to make specific decisions about how much water and fertilizer (肥料) to give their plants and how to approach pest control, says Zhongqian Song, an author of the study. “It could reform crop management and ecosystem studies and enable early disease test, which is important for plant health and food safety,” he says.
Rather than making physical contact with a plant, existing equipment get more limited information using visual approaches, which are weak to factors such as lighting conditions, changes in the weather, or background interference (干预). To deal with these limitations, Song and his workmates developed a robot that “touches” plants using a mechanism inspired by human skin, with structures working together in a layered way to gain information through touch.
While the robot shows “huge and unexpected” possible applications in fields, ranging from precision agriculture to ecological studies to plant disease monitor, it has several weaknesses that have yet to be solved, says Song. For example, the equipment is not yet useful enough to always recognize types of plants with difficult structures, for example, needle-like leaves. This could be solved by improving the design of the robot’s electrode, he says.
As a next step, the researchers plan to expand how many plants the robot can recognize by collecting data from a wider variety of species, enlarging the plant species database. The researchers also hope to further promote the equipment so that it can show results in real time, even without an external power source, says Song.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A. To offer readers some suggestions. B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To provide some background information. D. To make a summary of the whole text.
5. What does the second paragraph mainly focus on
A. The possible users of the robot. B. The working principle of the robot.
C. The benefits of the robot in agriculture. D. The challenges the robot faces in application.
6. Which of the following may Zhongqian Song agree with
A. The robot can only recognize plants at a certain growth stage.
B. The design of the robot’s electrode needs to be improved.
C. The robot has already solved all the problems in plant disease monitor.
D. The robot can’t be used in ecological studies due to its weaknesses.
7. What can be known about the robot from the text
A. The accuracy of the robot in recognizing plants will keep increasing.
B. The robot will mainly be used in developed countries in the future.
C. The new robot will replace all existing agricultural equipment.
D. The research on the robot has come to an end.
II. 完形填空
（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·阶段练习）Something strange and wonderful happens when light enters a dark space through a tiny opening. Aristotle described the 8 back in the fourth century B. C.
9 to a Boston classroom, the year 1988. Photographer Abelardo Morell was 10 so he decided to step back in time. On a sunny day, he 11 the classroom windows with black plastic, cut a tiny hole in the material, and told his students to watch. The back wall came 12 like a movie screen almost instantly — an image of people and cars moving outside 13 . Looking carefully, the students were amazed: The image was 14 — the sky on the floor and the ground on the ceiling!
Morell 15 the darkened room into a camera obscura (暗箱), which 16 images just like the human eye. The only 17 is that the human brain automatically 18 the eye’s image. When he saw these students were 19 in the process, he knew this was something 20 . From then on he has used the 21 to change both outdoor and indoor spaces into agents (显影剂) of the photographic process and shown his work to people. “I want to 22 the way people see the world,” says Morell.
8. A. concept B. phenomenon C. result D. method
9. A. Amount B. Object C. Add D. Shift
10. A. sensitive B. curious C. patient D. familiar
11. A. decorated B. painted C. covered D. combined
12. A. clean B. true C. alive D. restless
13. A. appeared B. improved C. died D. faded
14. A. at the bottom B. on the top C. upside down D. inside out
15. A. transformed B. placed C. carried D. admitted
16. A. creates B. delivers C. receives D. harms
17. A. advantage B. explanation C. principle D. difference
18. A. rights B. copies C. destroys D. deletes
19. A. asleep B. absorbed C. violent D. sympathetic
20. A. confusing B. famous C. depressing D. powerful
21. A. technique B. opportunity C. camera D. window
22. A. refresh B. record C. understand D. observe2025年新高二英语寒假作业 2025年8月_____日
第二部分 预习新知，超前集中
弯道处超车 百练题 十五
高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 2　LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE
Reading and Thinking
【练词汇】
Ⅰ. 重点单词
1. phrase n. 短语
2. persuade vt.劝说；说服→persuasion n. 劝说，说服(力)→persuasive adj.有说服力的；劝说的
3. switch vt.转换；交换　vt.& vi.(使)改变；转变　n. 开关；转换器；改变
4. distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→distance n. 距离；远方；疏远→distance vt.疏远；把……远远甩在后面
5. secure adj.安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的　vt.获得；拴牢；保护→security n. 保护措施；安全工作
6. knob n. 旋钮；球形把手
7. appliance n. 电器；器具
8. remote adj.远程的；偏远的
9. automatic adj.自动的→automatically adv.自动地
10. integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的→integratevi.& vt.(使)合并；成为一体→integration n. 综合；一体化；融化
11. sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件→sense n. 感觉能力；意识；感觉　vt.感觉到；觉察到；意识到；理解；领悟
12. efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→efficiency n. 效率；功率
13. mode n. 模式；方式；风格
14. routine n. 常规；正常顺序　adj.常规的；日常的
15. preference n. 爱好；偏爱→prefer vi.& vt.更喜欢；宁愿
16. instant n. 瞬间；片刻　adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的→instantly adv.立即，立刻；马上地；立即地　conj.一……就……
mand n. 指令；命令；控制　vt.命令；控制→commander n. 指挥官，司令官
18. obey vi.& vt.服从；遵守→disobey vi.& vt.不服从；不遵守
19. warning n. 警告；警示；先兆→warn vi.& vt.警告
20. constant adj.不断的；重复的；不变的　n. 常数；常量→constantly adv.不断地
21. abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的→normal adj.正常的
22. critical adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的
23. cancer n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤
24. potentially adv.潜在地；可能地→potential adj.可能的；潜在的　n. 潜力；可能性
25. leak vi.& vt.漏；渗漏；透露　n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露
26. electrical adj.电的；用电的→electricity n. 电力；电流→electric adj.电的；电动的；发电的；导电的
27. wiring n. 电线线路；线路系统 →wire n. 电线；金属丝(或线)　vt.接通电源；将……连接到→wireless adj.无线的
28. detect vt.发现；查明→detective n. 侦探→detection n. 侦查；察觉；发觉；检查
29. relevant adj.有关的；有意义的→relevance n. 中肯；关联；相关性→irrelevant adj.无关的；无意义的
30. fantasy n. 幻想；想象
31. innovation n. 创新；创造→innovate v. 改革；创新
32. available adj.可获得的；可购得的；(人)有空的
33. nevertheless adv.尽管如此；不过；然而
34. structure n. 结构；体系　vt.系统安排；精心组织
35. crime n. 犯罪活动；不法行为→criminal adj.犯罪的；刑事的
bine vt.& vi.(使)结合；混合→combination n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人
Ⅱ. 重点短语
1. switch off/on关/开(电灯、机器等)
2. all the time一直
3. remote control遥控器；_遥控
4. air conditioner空调机；空调设备
5. by oneself单独，独自，独立，靠自己
6. daily routine日常生活
7. along with和……一起，随着；以及；连同
8. respond to回答；响应；反应；反响
9. in addition另外；除此之外；并且；况且
10. keep track of记录；追踪；一直清楚(某人或事的)一举一动
11. early on在初期；早先
12. provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物；提供某人某物
13. catch fire着火
14. in this sense ( in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
15. as to关于，至于
16. benefit from从……受益
。
【练句型】
the instant 引导时间状语从句
Your lights will come on the instant ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.
翻译：你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目 (会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
答案：you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes
before 引导时间状语从句
Nevertheless, it will take some years before ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
翻译：然而，大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。
答案：most new homes begin to use this new technology
so that 引导目的状语从句
For example, the smart home could control the air conditioning and lights so that ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______, making your home more energyefficient.
翻译：例如，智能家居可以控制空调和灯光，这样你就不必打开和关闭开关，使你的家更节能。
答案：you would no longer have to turn switches on and off
【练课文语法填空】
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, 1. ______ can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us 2. ______ we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a 3. ______ (comfort) environment to live in.
Intelligent Controls
Today, we have to use 4. ______(switch) for our lights, knobs for our 5. ______(appliance), and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using 6. ______(advance) technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use 7. ______(integrate) sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by 8. ______(it). You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off 9. ______(you). Your home will also learn your daily routine and 10. ______ (preference), so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on 11. ______ instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already 12. ______ (prepare) for you. All controls will respond to voice 13. ______ (command), so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud 14. ______ you want and the home system will obey.
Regular Health Checks
In addition, your smart home 15. ______ (monitor) your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record 16. ______ well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send 17. ______ warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions 18. ______ a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal 19. ______ if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
No More Disasters
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage 20. ______ accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is 21. ______ short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you 22. ______ the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem 23. ______ your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. 24. ______ this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years 25. ______ most new homes begin to use this new technology.
答案：
1. and 2. when 3. comfortable 4. switches 5. appliances
6. advanced 7. integrated 8. itself 9. yourself 10. preferences
11. the 12. prepared mands 14. what 15. will be monitoring
16. how 17. a 18. on 19. or 20. from
21. a 22. with 23. before 24. In 25. before
【练综合】
阅读理解
A
（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Rifath Shaarook was 14 when he met Srimathy Kesan, the founder and CEO of Space Kids India (SKI), as a student journalist. What began as a one off interview soon transformed into the coming together of two minds. The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space. While other grown ups were quick to dismiss it, Kesan was different. She had laid the foundation for SKI, a private organization committed to promoting innovation among children, particularly in aerospace. She saw potential in Rifath and his idea.
Two other students soon joined Rifath. The two 17 year olds were in Hindustan University studying aerospace engineering. They chanced upon a notice on their college noticeboard that changed their life. It was about a workshop organized by Space Kids India at the NASA headquarters.
The first project was the SKI NSLV Kalam 1, a balloon satellite, launched near space to gather data on air quality, altitude, gases and so on.After a two year long struggle, Space Kids successfully launched the vehicle, a first for India — with support from educators of NASA and University of Central Florida. Around this time, a third aerospace engineering student was introduced to the team.A biologist followed soon.
Four years of hard work paid off in June with the launch of KalamSat, the world’s lightest satellite. The satellite is so small that you can hold it in your palm (手掌). It is a 3.8 centimetre cube made of 3D printed carbon fibre polymer (聚合物) and weighs 64 grams. The satellite was in space for 12 minutes and its findings will be published soon. Scientists will be able to study its behaviour and performance in microgravity. The mission also tested the effectiveness of the newly developed carbon fibre polymer in 3D printing technology.
1. How did other adults respond to Rifath’s idea of sending a student satellite to space
A. They disapproved of it. B. They doubted its possibility.
C. They claimed it was hopeful. D. They considered it worth trying.
2. What can we learn about KalamSat from the last paragraph
A. It is simply palm sized. B. It is made of strong metal.
C. It will remain in its orbit. D. It will make part of its discoveries public.
3. What is the best title for the text
A. SKI Launched Its First Satellite B. The Lightest Satellite Goes Viral
C. Creative Ideas Are Sure to Bring Success D. Student Scientists Launched a Satellite
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了学生Rifath Shaarook成功发射了一颗只有手掌大小的卫星。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space.While other grown ups were quick to dismiss it, Kesan was different.(这个少年一直怀揣着将一颗学生自制卫星送入太空的想法。而其他成年人大多对此嗤之以鼻，但凯森却与众不同)”可推知，其他成年人对Rifath向太空发送卫星的想法是不赞成的。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Four years of hard work paid off in June with the launch of KalamSat, the world’s lightest satellite. The satellite is so small that you can hold it in your palm (手掌).(经过四年的不懈努力，今年6月，“卡拉姆卫星”终于成功发射，成为世界上重量最轻的卫星。这颗卫星非常小巧，小到你可以将其握在手中)”可知，KalamSat卫星只有手掌大小。故选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Rifath Shaarook was 14 when he met Srimathy Kesan, the founder and CEO of Space Kids India (SKI), as a student journalist. What began as a one off interview soon transformed into the coming together of two minds. The teenager held the idea of sending a student satellite to space.(里法思·沙鲁克在14岁时遇到了斯里马蒂·凯桑，她是印度“太空少年”组织（SKI）的创始人兼首席执行官。当时他还是一名学生记者，与凯桑的初次交谈很快就发展成了两人思想的碰撞)”结合文章主要讲述了学生Rifath Shaarook成功发射了一颗只有手掌大小的卫星，D项“学生科学家发射了一颗卫星”适合作文章标题。故选D。
B
（24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·期末）Researchers in China have developed a robot that recognizes different plant species at various stages of growth by “touching” their leaves with an electrode (电极). The robot can measure characters such as surface feature and water content that cannot be determined using existing visual approaches, according to the study. The robot recognized ten different plant species with an average accuracy (准确性) of 97.7% and recognized leaves of the flowering plant with 100% accuracy at various growth stages.
Eventually, large-scale farmers and agricultural researchers could use the robot to watch the health and growth of crops and to make specific decisions about how much water and fertilizer (肥料) to give their plants and how to approach pest control, says Zhongqian Song, an author of the study. “It could reform crop management and ecosystem studies and enable early disease test, which is important for plant health and food safety,” he says.
Rather than making physical contact with a plant, existing equipment get more limited information using visual approaches, which are weak to factors such as lighting conditions, changes in the weather, or background interference (干预). To deal with these limitations, Song and his workmates developed a robot that “touches” plants using a mechanism inspired by human skin, with structures working together in a layered way to gain information through touch.
While the robot shows “huge and unexpected” possible applications in fields, ranging from precision agriculture to ecological studies to plant disease monitor, it has several weaknesses that have yet to be solved, says Song. For example, the equipment is not yet useful enough to always recognize types of plants with difficult structures, for example, needle-like leaves. This could be solved by improving the design of the robot’s electrode, he says.
As a next step, the researchers plan to expand how many plants the robot can recognize by collecting data from a wider variety of species, enlarging the plant species database. The researchers also hope to further promote the equipment so that it can show results in real time, even without an external power source, says Song.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A. To offer readers some suggestions. B. To introduce the topic of the text.
C. To provide some background information. D. To make a summary of the whole text.
5. What does the second paragraph mainly focus on
A. The possible users of the robot. B. The working principle of the robot.
C. The benefits of the robot in agriculture. D. The challenges the robot faces in application.
6. Which of the following may Zhongqian Song agree with
A. The robot can only recognize plants at a certain growth stage.
B. The design of the robot’s electrode needs to be improved.
C. The robot has already solved all the problems in plant disease monitor.
D. The robot can’t be used in ecological studies due to its weaknesses.
7. What can be known about the robot from the text
A. The accuracy of the robot in recognizing plants will keep increasing.
B. The robot will mainly be used in developed countries in the future.
C. The new robot will replace all existing agricultural equipment.
D. The research on the robot has come to an end.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国研发的能通过触摸识别植物种类及生长阶段的机器人及其相关情况。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Researchers in China have developed a robot that recognizes different plant species at various stages of growth by “touching” their leaves with an electrode (电极). (中国的研究人员开发了一种机器人，它通过电极“触摸”植物的叶子来识别不同生长阶段的不同植物物种。)”可知，第一段开篇即介绍中国研发的这款特殊机器人，目的是引出文章主题。故选B项。
5. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Eventually, large-scale farmers and agricultural researchers could use the robot to watch the health and growth of crops and to make specific decisions about how much water and fertilizer (肥料) to give their plants and how to approach pest control, says Zhongqian Song, an author of the study. (该研究的作者宋中谦表示，最终，大型农场主和农业研究人员可以利用这款机器人监测作物的健康状况和生长情况，并针对作物的用水量、施肥量以及病虫害防治方法做出具体决策。)”以及宋中谦所说的“It could reform crop management and ecosystem studies and enable early disease test, which is important for plant health and food safety(它可以改革作物管理和生态系统研究，并实现早期疾病检测，这对植物健康和食品安全很重要)”可知，第二段主要讲述了这款机器人在农业方面带来的好处。故选C项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, the equipment is not yet useful enough to always recognize types of plants with difficult structures, for example, needle-like leaves. This could be solved by improving the design of the robot’s electrode, he says.(例如，该设备目前还不足以精准识别那些结构复杂的植物类型，比如叶片呈针状的植物。他表示，这一问题可以通过改进机器人电极的设计来解决。)”可知，宋中谦认为机器人电极的设计需要改进。故选B项。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As a next step, the researchers plan to expand how many plants the robot can recognize by collecting data from a wider variety of species, enlarging the plant species database. The researchers also hope to further promote the equipment so that it can show results in real time, even without an external power source, says Song. (下一步，研究人员计划通过收集更多种类植物的数据、扩大植物物种数据库，来增加机器人可识别的植物数量。宋表示，研究人员还希望进一步改进该设备，使其即便在没有外部电源的情况下，也能实时显示结果。)”可知，研究人员仍在对机器人进行改进和完善，由此可推断，机器人识别植物的准确性将会不断提高。故选A项。
II. 完形填空
（24-25高二下·黑龙江大庆·阶段练习）Something strange and wonderful happens when light enters a dark space through a tiny opening. Aristotle described the 8 back in the fourth century B. C.
9 to a Boston classroom, the year 1988. Photographer Abelardo Morell was 10 so he decided to step back in time. On a sunny day, he 11 the classroom windows with black plastic, cut a tiny hole in the material, and told his students to watch. The back wall came 12 like a movie screen almost instantly — an image of people and cars moving outside 13 . Looking carefully, the students were amazed: The image was 14 — the sky on the floor and the ground on the ceiling!
Morell 15 the darkened room into a camera obscura (暗箱), which 16 images just like the human eye. The only 17 is that the human brain automatically 18 the eye’s image. When he saw these students were 19 in the process, he knew this was something 20 . From then on he has used the 21 to change both outdoor and indoor spaces into agents (显影剂) of the photographic process and shown his work to people. “I want to 22 the way people see the world,” says Morell.
8. A. concept B. phenomenon C. result D. method
9. A. Amount B. Object C. Add D. Shift
10. A. sensitive B. curious C. patient D. familiar
11. A. decorated B. painted C. covered D. combined
12. A. clean B. true C. alive D. restless
13. A. appeared B. improved C. died D. faded
14. A. at the bottom B. on the top C. upside down D. inside out
15. A. transformed B. placed C. carried D. admitted
16. A. creates B. delivers C. receives D. harms
17. A. advantage B. explanation C. principle D. difference
18. A. rights B. copies C. destroys D. deletes
19. A. asleep B. absorbed C. violent D. sympathetic
20. A. confusing B. famous C. depressing D. powerful
21. A. technique B. opportunity C. camera D. window
22. A. refresh B. record C. understand D. observe
【答案】
8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了摄影师Abelardo Morell将教室变成暗箱，展示光通过小孔进入暗空间所产生的奇妙现象，以及他利用这种技术改变人们看世界的方式。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚里士多德在公元前4世纪就描述过这种现象。A. concept概念；B. phenomenon现象；C. result结果；D. method方法。根据前文“Something strange and wonderful happens when light enters a dark space through a tiny opening.”可知，光通过小孔进入黑暗空间会发生奇怪而奇妙的事情，这是一种现象，亚里士多德描述的就是这种现象。故选B项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：切换到1988年的波士顿一间教室。A. Amount总计；B. Object反对；C. Add增加；D. Shift切换，转移。根据后文“to a Boston classroom the year 1988”可知，文章从讲述亚里士多德描述的现象切换到1988年波士顿教室的事情，用shift表示场景的切换。故选D项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：摄影师 Abelardo Morell 很好奇，所以他决定回溯时光。A. sensitive敏感的；B. curious好奇的；C. patient耐心的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“so he decided to step back in time”以及后面他进行的一系列操作可知，他是因为好奇才这样做。故选B项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个阳光明媚的日子里，他用黑色塑料覆盖住教室的窗户，在材料上剪了一个小孔，然后让他的学生观看。A. decorated装饰；B. painted绘画；C. covered覆盖；D. combined组合。根据后文“with black plastic, cut a tiny hole in the material”可知，是用黑色塑料把窗户覆盖住，然后再剪孔。故选C项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后墙几乎立刻就像电影屏幕一样鲜活起来 —— 外面移动的人和车的图像出现了。A. clean干净的；B. true真实的；C. alive鲜活的，充满生机的；D. restless不安分的。根据后文“like a movie screen”以及“an image of people and cars moving outside 　　6　　.”可知，后墙出现了移动的图像，就像电影屏幕一样变得生动起来，这里说后墙因为出现了图像而像电影屏幕一样有了生气，变得鲜活起来。故选C项。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后墙几乎立刻就像电影屏幕一样鲜活起来——外面移动的人和车的图像出现了。A. appeared出现；B. improved提高；C. died死亡；D. faded褪色。根据前文“The back wall came 　　5　　 like a movie screen almost instantly”可知，后墙像电影屏幕一样，是因为外面人和车的图像出现了。故选A项。
14. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：仔细看，学生们很惊讶：图像是颠倒的——天空在地板上，地面在天花板上！A. at the bottom在底部；B. on the top在顶部；C. upside down颠倒；D. inside out里朝外。根据后文“the sky on the floor and the ground on the ceiling”可知，图像是颠倒的。故选C项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Morell把这个黑暗的房间变成了一个暗箱，它像人眼一样接收图像。A. transformed转变，改造；B. placed放置；C. carried携带；D. admitted承认。根据后文“the darkened room into a camera obscura”可知，是把房间改造成了暗箱，“transform...into...”为固定搭配，意为“把……变成……”。故选A项。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Morell把这个黑暗的房间变成了一个暗箱，它像人眼一样接收图像。A. creates创造；B. delivers传递；C. receives接收；D. harms伤害。根据后文“images just like the human eye.”可知，暗箱就像人眼一样接收外界的图像。故选C项。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一的区别是人类大脑会自动纠正眼睛看到的图像。A. advantage优势；B. explanation解释；C. principle原则；D. difference区别。根据后文“that the human brain automatically 　　11　　 the eye’s image.”可知，这里说的是暗箱和人眼的不同之处，即唯一的区别。故选D项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：唯一的区别是人类大脑会自动纠正眼睛看到的图像。A. rights纠正，使恢复正常；B. copies复制；C. destroys破坏；D. deletes删除。根据前文“The image was 　　7　　 — the sky on the floor and the ground on the ceiling!”可知图像是颠倒的，而人眼看到的图像不是颠倒的，是因为大脑会自动纠正图像。故选A项。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他看到这些学生专注于这个过程时，他知道这是很有影响力的事情。A. asleep睡着的；B. absorbed专注的；C. violent暴力的；D. sympathetic同情的。根据后文“he knew this was something 　　13　　”以及学生之前惊讶的反应可知，学生们对这个过程很专注。故选B项。
20. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他看到这些学生专注于这个过程时，他知道这是很有影响力的事情。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. famous著名的；C. depressing令人沮丧的；D. powerful有影响力的，强大的。根据后文“From then on he has used the 　　14　　 to change both outdoor and indoor spaces into agents (显影剂) of the photographic process and shown his work to people.”可知，他从此利用这种方法去展示作品，说明他觉得这个事情是有影响力的。故选D项。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他就用这种技术把室外和室内空间都变成了摄影过程的显影剂，并向人们展示他的作品。A. technique技术；B. opportunity机会；C. camera相机；D. window窗户。根据后文“to change both outdoor and indoor spaces into agents (显影剂) of the photographic process and shown his work to people.”可知，这是一种技术，他利用这种技术来创作。故选A项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Morell说：“我想刷新人们看待世界的方式。”A. refresh刷新；B. record记录；C. understand理解；D. observe观察。根据语境以及后文“the way people see the world,’ says Morell.”可知，他通过暗箱技术展示独特的图像效果可知，他是想刷新人们看世界的方式。故选A项。

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