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译林版八年级上册Unit7 The natural world语法填空专项训练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
（一）
An ecosystem includes all the 1.______ (live) and non - living things in an area. Ecosystems can be of different 2.______ (size), from small ponds to large grasslands. Each ecosystem has a role 3.______ (play) and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment.
The ocean is a very large ecosystem on earth. It covers around 71% of the earth's surface and 4.______ (produce) about 70% of the earth's oxygen. It holds plenty of salt water, and the water 5.______ (rise) to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. This goes on and on, so the ocean is just like the "heart" of the earth.
Wetlands only cover about 6% of the earth's land area. But they are home to about 40% of the world's plants and 6.______ (animal). Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water 7.______ (clean). Wetlands can also help prevent floods. During heavy rains, wetlands store water like giant 8.______ (sponge). They act like the "kidneys" of the earth.
Forests make up nearly a third of the earth's land area. Plants there take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. They also trap harmful things in their 9.______ (leaf) and help clean the air. Therefore, people often call forests the "lungs" of the earth.
Each of these ecosystems 10.______ (support) millions of plants and animals. They keep the planet healthy and make our world a better place.
（二）
The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. It 1.______ (cover) around six million square kilometers. It's a very important ecosystem of our planet with so many different types of 2.______ (wildlife). The plants in the rainforest are very important. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. Many animals 3.______ (depend) on these plants for food and shelter.
However, the Amazon Rainforest is 4.______ (face) many problems now. People are cutting down trees for 5.______ (wood), farming and building. This 6.______ (destroy) the homes of many animals and plants. It also makes the soil weak and easy to be washed away by rain. What's more, the burning of trees 7.______ (produce) a lot of carbon dioxide, which is bad for the environment.
We must do something 8.______ (protect) the Amazon Rainforest. We can stop buying products made from rainforest trees. We can also support organizations that work to protect the rainforest. Only in this way can we keep this important ecosystem 9.______ (health) and make our earth a better place to live. Let's take action 10.______ (quick) before it's too late.
（三）
Deserts are very special ecosystems. They are very dry because there's little 1.______ (rainfall). The difference in temperature between day and night is huge. In the day, the sun shines 2.______ (bright), and the temperature can be very high. But at night, the temperature 3.______ (drop) quickly and it can be very cold.
The plants and animals in deserts have special 4.______ (way) to survive. Desert plants, like cacti, keep water in their thick 5.______ (leaf) or stems. Some animals, such as camels, can store water in their bodies and go for a long time without 6.______ (drink). Many desert animals are active at night to avoid the hot sun during the day.
However, deserts are also 7.______ (affect) by human activities. Over - grazing by livestock can damage the desert plants and make the soil lose its ability 8.______ (hold) water. Building roads and cities in deserts can also destroy the habitats of desert animals. We should be aware of these problems and take steps 9.______ (protect) deserts. We can plant more trees in the desert areas to prevent desertification and make the desert ecosystem 10.______ (balance).
（四）
Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the 1.______ (north - east) of China. It is one of the world's most important 2.______ (wetland). The area provides food and cover for a lot of 3.______ (wildlife).
Many rare birds live in Zhalong. For example, the red - crowned crane is one of the 4.______ (rare) birds in the world, and Zhalong is an important 5.______ (live) area for them. These beautiful birds 6.______ (need) a large area of wetland to live and breed.
However, Zhalong Nature Reserve is 7.______ (face) some problems. The wetland area is becoming smaller because of 8.______ (human) activities like farming and building. This makes it more difficult for the birds 9.______ (find) enough food and suitable places to live.
To protect Zhalong and the wildlife there, the government has set up laws. People are not allowed 10.______ (hunt) or fish in the reserve. Scientists are also doing research to better understand the ecosystem and find ways to protect it.
（五）
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the biggest coral reef system anywhere. It is home to many kinds of 1.______ (sea) life. The colorful corals make the reef look like a magical 2.______ (underwater) world.
Corals are actually living things. They have tiny tentacles to catch 3.______ (food) such as plankton. But now many scientists are worried about the Great Barrier Reef because it 4.______ (face) serious problems.
The biggest problem is ocean 5.______ (pollute). The ocean water from houses and factories travels to the ocean and 6.______ (harm) the corals. Another problem is rising sea 7.______ (temperature). As the earth gets warmer, the sea water becomes too warm for the corals, and they start to lose their color, a process called "coral bleaching".
To protect the Great Barrier Reef, the Australian government and many environmental groups are taking actions. They are trying 8.______ (reduce) pollution and slow down global warming. People are also encouraged 9.______ (learn) more about the importance of the reef and take part in 10.______ (protect) it.
（六）
Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. It 1.______ (lie) in Russia. The lake is not only very deep but also very large. It contains a large amount of 2.______ (fresh) water, which is important for the 3.______ (survive) of many plants and animals around the lake.
The ecosystem around Lake Baikal is very special. There are many unique 4.______ (species) that can only be found there. For example, the Baikal seal is a 5.______ (rarely) animal that lives in the lake.
However, like many other ecosystems, Lake Baikal is also 6.______ (threaten) by human activities. Industrial pollution from factories near the lake is making the water 7.______ (dirty). Over - fishing is reducing the number of fish in the lake, which 8.______ (affect) the food chain of the whole ecosystem.
To protect Lake Baikal, the Russian government has taken many measures. They have set strict laws to control pollution and limit fishing. Scientists are also closely 9.______ (monitor) the water quality and the ecosystem of the lake. We hope that Lake Baikal can stay 10.______ (health) and beautiful for future generations.
（七）
The grasslands are important ecosystems. They often lie between deserts and forests. Grasslands in different places are home to different 1.______ (animal). In Inner Mongolia, there are horses and cows, while in Africa, there are lions and 2.______ (giraffe).
The plants in grasslands are mainly grasses. These grasses can stand strong winds and 3.______ (dry). They provide food for many herbivores. In turn, these herbivores are food for 4.______ (carnivore). This forms a complex food chain in the grassland ecosystem.
However, grasslands are 5.______ (suffer) from over - grazing and land - use change. When too many livestock graze on the grasslands, the grasses cannot grow back 6.______ (quick) enough, which leads to the degradation of the grassland. Land - use change, such as turning grasslands into farmland, also 7.______ (destroy) the habitats of many grassland animals.
To protect the grasslands, we should control the number of livestock and plan land - use 8.______ (reasonable). We can also plant more grass and trees to improve the grassland 9.______ (ecological). Only by taking these actions can we keep the grassland ecosystem 10.______ (balance) and ensure the sustainable development of the grasslands.
（八）
The polar regions, including the Arctic and Antarctic, are unique ecosystems. The polar ice is home to animals like polar bears and 1.______ (penguin). These animals have special adaptations to live in the cold environment.
Polar bears have thick fur and a lot of fat to keep them 2.______ (warmth). Penguins have short, stiff feathers that help them swim 3.______ (efficient) in the cold sea water.
However, the polar regions are being seriously 4.______ (affect) by global warming. The ice is melting at an alarming rate. As the ice melts, the habitats of polar animals are 5.______ (disappear). Polar bears are having a hard time finding enough food because the sea ice they rely on for hunting seals is shrinking.
In addition, pollution from human activities is also a problem. Chemicals and plastics from far - away places can reach the polar regions through air and water 6.______ (current). These pollutants can harm the health of polar animals.
To protect the polar regions, countries around the world need to work together. We must reduce greenhouse gas 7.______ (emit) to slow down global warming. We also need to control pollution and set up more protected areas in the polar regions. Scientists are also doing research to find out more about the polar ecosystems and 8.______ (find) better ways to protect them. Let's take action to save these 9.______ (fascinate) and important ecosystems before it's too 10.______ (late).
语法填空专项训练答案
（一）
living（修饰名词things，用形容词living，意为“活着的”）
sizes（different后接名词复数，size的复数是sizes）
to play（have a role to play有作用要发挥，用不定式作后置定语）
produces（主语是It，第三人称单数，谓语动词用produces）
rises（and连接并列谓语，主语是the water，用第三人称单数形式rises）
animals（and连接并列名词，animal用复数animals）
clean（make sth. + 形容词，使某物……，用clean）
sponges（like giant sponges像巨大的海绵，sponge用复数）
leaves（leaf的复数是leaves，在树叶里，用复数）
supports（Each of...作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式supports）
（二）
covers（主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词用covers）
wildlife（wildlife是不可数名词，用原形）
depend（主语Many animals是复数，谓语动词用原形depend）
facing（is facing现在进行时，表示目前正面临，用facing）
wood（wood是不可数名词，用原形，意为“木材”）
destroys（This是第三人称单数，谓语动词用destroys）
produces（主语the burning of trees是第三人称单数，谓语动词用produces）
to protect（do something to do sth.做某事去做……，用不定式表目的）
healthy（keep sth. + 形容词，使某物……，用healthy）
quickly（修饰动词短语take action用副词quickly）
（三）
rainfall（rainfall是不可数名词，用原形）
brightly（修饰动词shines用副词brightly）
drops（主语the temperature是第三人称单数，谓语动词用drops）
ways（special ways特殊的方式，way用复数）
leaves（leaf的复数是leaves，厚叶子，用复数）
drinking（without是介词，后接动名词drinking）
affected（be affected by受……影响，用过去分词affected）
to hold（the ability to do sth.做某事的能力，用不定式to hold）
to protect（take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事，用不定式to protect）
balanced（make sth. + 形容词，使某物……，用balanced，意为“平衡的” ）
（四）
north - east（in the north - east of在……的东北部，用名词形式）
wetlands（one of + 名词复数，wetland的复数是wetlands）
wildlife（wildlife是不可数名词，用原形）
rarest（one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，rare的最高级是rarest）
living（living area生活区域，用形容词living修饰area）
need（主语These beautiful birds是复数，谓语动词用原形need）
facing（is facing现在进行时，表示正面临，用facing）
human（human activities人类活动，用human修饰activities）
to find（make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事……，用不定式to find）
to hunt（be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事，用不定式to hunt）
（五）
sea（sea life海洋生物，用名词sea修饰life）
underwater（underwater world海底世界，用形容词underwater修饰world）
food（food是不可数名词，用原形）
is facing（根据now可知用现在进行时is facing，表示正面临）
pollution（ocean pollution海洋污染，用名词pollution）
harms（and连接并列谓语，主语是The ocean water，用第三人称单数形式harms）
temperatures（sea temperatures海水温度，常用复数）
to reduce（try to do sth.努力做某事，用不定式to reduce）
to learn（be encouraged to do sth.被鼓励做某事，用不定式to learn）
protecting（take part in doing sth.参与做某事，in是介词，后接动名词protecting）
（六）
lies（主语It是第三人称单数，谓语动词用lies，意为“位于”）
fresh（fresh water淡水，用形容词fresh修饰water）
survival（the survival of……的生存，用名词survival）
species（species单复数同形，many后接复数形式，仍用species）
rare（修饰名词animal用形容词rare，意为“稀有的” ，rarely是副词）
threatened（be threatened by受……威胁，用过去分词threatened）
dirty（make sth. + 形容词，使某物……，用dirty）
affects（which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式affects）
monitoring（are closely monitoring现在进行时，表示正在密切监测，用monitoring）
healthy（stay + 形容词，保持……，用healthy）
（七）
animals（different后接名词复数，animal的复数是animals）
giraffes（and连接并列名词，giraffe的复数是giraffes）
dryness（and连接并列名词，dry的名词形式是dryness，意为“干燥”）
carnivores（carnivore是可数名词，此处用复数carnivores，表示“食肉动物” ）
suffering（are suffering现在进行时，表示正在遭受，用suffering）
quickly（修饰动词短语grow back用副词quickly）
destroys（Land - use change是第三人称单数，谓语动词用destroys）
reasonably（修饰动词plan用副词reasonably，意为“合理地”）
ecology（grassland ecology草原生态，用名词ecology）
balanced（keep sth. + 形容词，使某物……，用balanced，意为“平衡的” ）
（八）
penguins（and连接并列名词，penguin的复数是penguins）
warm（keep sb. + 形容词，使某人……，用warm，warmth是名词）
efficiently（修饰动词swim用副词efficiently，意为“高效地”）
affected（be affected by受……影响，用过去分词affected）
disappearing（are disappearing现在进行时，表示正在消失，用disappearing）
currents（air and water currents气流和水流，current用复数）
emissions（greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放，emission用复数）
find（and连接并列不定式，与to find out并列，用find）
fascinating（修饰名词ecosystems用形容词fascinating，意为“迷人的”）
late（too late太晚，用late）
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