资源简介 名词一. 分类(可数,不可数)1、 可数名词⑴ 可数名词不能单独出现,要么前面加“冠词”,要么后面加“S”⑵ 可数名词的复数① 规则变化1)直接在词尾后加“S” eg: books, pets, dogs2)以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的加“es” 例外:stomachs3)以“f, fe”结尾,变”f, fe”为“v”再加“es” (特:roofs,chiefs, proofs ,beliefs )4)以“ 辅高+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”5)以“O”结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s(例外:potatoes土豆,tomatoes 西红柿,echoes 回声)②不规则变化1)单复同形:deer,Chinese,sheep2)改变内部元音:foot-feet,tooth-teeth,man-men,goose-geese3)特殊名词:phenomenon-phenomena,medium-media,analysis-analyses4)改变词尾:Child-children ox-oxen公牛5)复合名词:passer-by-----passers-by grown-up-----grown-ups2.不可数名词<记>advice,baggage,change(零钱),equipment,fun,information,knowledge, money,meat,smoke,weather,各种液体二、名词的所有格(S',’S 或 A of B) 翻译为“···的”1.有生命的物体或人:S’和’S eg: Tom’s2.无生命的物体(A为无生命):A of B B的 A{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}数词一.基数词1. 高考考点1 具体数字/many/several + hundred/thousand…2 thousands/hundreds… + of2. in the +年份 s(逢 10) 在某世纪几十年代3. in one’s+年龄 s(逢 10) 在某人几十岁时二.序数词特殊:前 131. 基变序直接+th2. 用法(考点):①the+序 第几②a+序=another 又一,再一 例:a third/second drink 再一杯③every+序+day 每几天三.分数1. 用法:分子基,分母序分子大于 1,分母+S2.考法一例题:…three fifths (five)3.考法二①Two thirds of the students in our class are (be) girls.主语为“分数/百分数+可数名词复数”时,谓语动词为复数。Two thirds students are② Seventy percent of the water has (have) been used up.主语为“分数/百分数+不可数名词”时,谓语动词为单数。Seventy percent water has{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}形容词与副词一.形容词(adj.)单个 n.前(特:someone,sth,anyone,anything)不定代词后)1.位置:名词n.短语后2. adj./adv.比较级和最高级变化(1)规则: ①直接+er(est)②以“e”结尾+r(st)③以“辅音+y”结尾变“y”为“i"+er(est)④多音节前+more(most)(2)不规则:①good/well-better-best②bad/ill-worse-worst③little-less-least④much/many-more-most⑤far-farther/further-farthest/furthest3)用法①原级: a. A(not) as+adj/adv原级+as B A(不)和 B一样b. A as much/many +n.+ as B A和 B一样多的···(n)②比较级:a.比较级+thanb.the+比较级,the+比较级c. 特殊用法:1> more A(adj.) +than +B(adj.) 与其说 B不如说 A2>more than+主+can+谓 非(主语)所能··3>比较级表示最高级③最高级:a. the+最高级b. one of + the+最高级c. the+序数词+最高级{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}二.副词1.位置:adj前 v后2.adj-adv: 1)直接+ly2)以“le”结尾,变“le”为“ly”3)以“辅+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”+ly(shy-shyly){#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}冠词一.不定冠词(a/an) university, uniform, European,1. 元音音标前用“an”,辅音音标前用“a”补:①用在序数词前,表“又一,再一”2. 同:①表示“一”.②冠十不可数名词,表示“···的人/事”②泛指某一个人或事物③a most=very③用在第一次出现的名词前④the most 最…二.定冠词(the)1.特指上文已提到的特定的人或物2.用在独一无二的名词前(the world,sun,earth)补:⑦用在世纪、朝代前3.用在序数词、adj.最高级之前⑧江、河、湖、海前4、用于 the+比较级,the+比较级结构中⑨抓/摸+sb+介+the+身体部位5.用于 adj前表示一类人(the old,young) ⑩西洋乐器前6.用于专有名词前(the WTO)三.零冠词1、可数 n复数前,不可数 n前2.在表时间、节日、季节的名词前3.在“三餐、球类运动”之前4.在学科、语言前5.名词前有指示代词、adj物主代词前6.表示交通工具的 by后面7.球类、棋类前8. no such +n. 没有{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}谓语动词一. 分类1. 实义动词不及物动词 vi2. 系动词:①“be”动词: am, is, are, was, were②感官动词:look, smell, sound, feel, taste③变化类:become, turn, get④其他:seem, appear, pure3. 助动词: ① be:be doing, be done② do, does, did③ have, has, had4. 情态动词+动词原型二. 时态态一般 进行 完成 完成进行时现在 do, does am/is/are doing have/has done have been done过去 did was/were doing had done had been done将来 will/shall do will be doing will have done will have been doing过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing一.一般现在时(考点)1.表示经常性.习惯性、反复性的动作.常与 always,usually,often,every day+时间状语连用;2.表示科学事实,客观真理,自然现象时;3.在时间、条件、让步状从中,用一般现在表将来;4.按时刻表将要发生的动作,常用 v(go,arrive,leave,start,return,begin,come,take off 等)。二.一般过去时(考点)1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作,常与 yesterday,last year,three years ago, the other day连用;2.根据上下文间的意思判断;3.在时间、条件让步状从中,主句用 would+v(过去将来),从句用一般过去时。三.一般将来时(考点){#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}1.结构: ①be going to② be to do③ be about to do2. 表示将来要发生的动作.四.现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行的动作,常与 now,right now,at present,at this moment连用;2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,常与 these days, this mouth, this term, this semester 连用;3.与 always, usually, forever, constantly 连用,表示情感色彩;4. 动词如 come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive 等表示位移的词用进行时表将来。五.过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,常与 at that time, this time yesterday, the whole morning 连用;2. 表示过去某一时间段一直持续的动作;3. 一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,常与 while, when 引导的时间状语从句连用;4. 动词如 come, go, leave, start 等表示过去将来。六.将来进行时1. 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;2. 表示将来某段时间持续的动作。七.现在完成时(考点)1. 表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响,常与 already, yet, just,recently连用;2.表示过去的某一个动作一直持续到现在,常与 recently,until now,ever since, in/over the last/pastfew years, up to now, so far等连用。3.常用句型①It/This/That is the first/second time that sb have/has done sth②It/That/This is the best/most interesting +n. that sb have/has done sth{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}八.过去完成时(考点)1.表示过去某一时间前已经完成的动作,常与 by+过去时间点,by the end of+过去时间点,by thetime+从句,until/before/since+过去时间点;2.当从句的谓 v动作发生在主句谓 v之前,且主句谓 v为一般过去式时;eg:He said that he had bought (buy) it several days ago.主句谓语(后) 从句谓语(先)3.用于 hardly-..when,no sooner....than中(一···就)①Hardly had + 主 + done + when 从句②No sooner had +主 +done + than +从句eg: Hardly had I started studying when the power went out.我刚开始学习,电源就断了,九.过去将来时(V)1..表示从过去的时间点看将来发生的动作2. 结构:① was/were going to do②was/were about to do③was/were to do十.现在完成进行时1.表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作;2.表示过去某段时间反复进行的动作.三. 语态态一般 进行 完成时 do--be done现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been donedoing--being done过去 was/were done was/were being done had been donedone--been done将来 will be done will be being done will have been done过去将来 would be done would be being done would have been done{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}1. 用法1 标志词 by2 主语为动作的承受者3 有些词只以被动出现:be born,be determine/devoted to do, be occupied with, be located in2. 注意1 不及物动词不用被动语态:happen/take place/occur, remain, last...2 有些及物动词无被动语态3 get +动词过去分词 表被动3. 主动表被动1 系动词: smell,taste,feel,look,sound+adj. ,主动表被动2 动词:need,want,require,deserve,bear,worth+ 动名词=v. +to be done3 be to blame{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}主谓一致一. 语法一致(主单调单.主复谓复)1.谓语动词为单数,主语情况:1)不定代词(sth,somebodyy)2)不定式,动名词,从句3) no/each/every/many a+单 n4)many a/more than one +单 n2.就近原则1)There be 句型2)A or B, not only A but also B,neither A nor B,either A or B 谓语单复数与 B保持一致3)倒装,疑问句3.就远原则:Awith/together with/but/as well as/rather than B 谓语单复数与 A保持一致二. 意义一致主语 谓语(单) 谓语(复)a number of+ 可数 n复数 √numberthe number of + 可数 n复数 √可数 n复数 √a quantity of+quantity 不可数 n √quantities of+可数 n复数/不可数 n √+可数 n复数 √all,the part,the remaining+不可数 n √百分比/分数 +可数 n复数 √{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}+不可数 n √the+adj. 一类人 √书名、电视、杂志、国家 √the/a 身份+a 身份 √the/a 身份+身份 √整体 √集体 n各部分 √{#{QQABAYKwwggwkFSACQ4LQwEYC0gQkJAiLYoMxVAYOARKSINIFAA=}#}名词分类(可数,不可数)可数名词可数名词不能单独出现,要么前面加“冠词”,要么后面加“S”可数名词的复数① 规则变化1)直接在词尾后加“S” eg: books, pets, dogs2)以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的加“es” 例外:stomachs3)以“f, fe”结尾,变”f, fe”为“v”再加“es” (特:roofs,chiefs, proofs ,beliefs )4)以“ 辅高+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”,再加“es”5)以“O”结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s(例外:potatoes土豆,tomatoes 西红柿,echoes 回声)②不规则变化1)单复同形:deer,Chinese,sheep2)改变内部元音:foot-feet,tooth-teeth,man-men,goose-geese3)特殊名词:phenomenon-phenomena,medium-media,analysis-analyses4)改变词尾:Child-children ox-oxen公牛5)复合名词:passer-by-----passers-by grown-up-----grown-ups2.不可数名词<记>advice,baggage,change(零钱),equipment,fun,information,knowledge, money,meat,smoke,weather,各种液体二、名词的所有格(S',’S或A of B) 翻译为“···的”1.有生命的物体或人:S’和’S eg: Tom’s2.无生命的物体(A为无生命):A of B B的A数词基数词高考考点具体数字/many/several + hundred/thousand…thousands/hundreds… + ofin the +年份s(逢10) 在某世纪几十年代in one’s+年龄s(逢 10) 在某人几十岁时二.序数词1. 基变序2. 用法(考点):①the+序 第几②a+序=another 又一,再一 例:a third/second drink 再一杯③every+序+day 每几天三.分数1. 用法:分子基,分母序分子大于1,分母+S2.考法一例题:…three fifths (five)3.考法二①Two thirds of the students in our class are (be) girls.② Seventy percent of the water has (have) been used up.形容词与副词一.形容词(adj.)1.位置:名词2. adj./adv.比较级和最高级变化(1)规则: ①直接+er(est)②以“e”结尾+r(st)③以“辅音+y”结尾变“y”为“i"+er(est)④多音节前+more(most)(2)不规则:①good/well-better-best②bad/ill-worse-worst③little-less-least④much/many-more-most⑤far-farther/further-farthest/furthest3)用法①原级: a. A(not) as+adj/adv原级+as B A(不)和B一样b. A as much/many +n.+ as B A和B一样多的···(n)②比较级:a.比较级+thanb.the+比较级,the+比较级c. 特殊用法:1> more A(adj.) +than +B(adj.) 与其说B不如说A2>more than+主+can+谓 非(主语)所能··3>比较级表示最高级③最高级:a. the+最高级b. one of + the+最高级c. the+序数词+最高级二.副词1.位置:adj前v后2.adj-adv: 1)直接+ly2)以“le”结尾,变“le”为“ly”3)以“辅+y”结尾,变“y”为“i”+ly(shy-shyly)冠词一.不定冠词(a/an)1. 元音音标前用“an”,辅音音标前用“a”2. 同:①表示“一”.②泛指某一个人或事物③用在第一次出现的名词前二.定冠词(the)1.特指上文已提到的特定的人或物2.用在独一无二的名词前(the world,sun,earth)3.用在序数词、adj.最高级之前4、用于the+比较级,the+比较级结构中5.用于adj前表示一类人(the old,young)6.用于专有名词前(the WTO)三.零冠词1、可数n复数前,不可数n前2.在表时间、节日、季节的名词前3.在“三餐、球类运动”之前4.在学科、语言前5.名词前有指示代词、adj物主代词前6.表示交通工具的by后面7.球类、棋类前8. no such +n. 没有谓语动词分类实义动词系动词:①“be”动词: am, is, are, was, were②感官动词:look, smell, sound, feel, taste③变化类:become, turn, get④其他:seem, appear, pure助动词: ① be:be doing, be done② do, does, did③ have, has, had情态动词+动词原型时态态 时 一般 进行 完成 完成进行现在 do, does am/is/are doing have/has done have been done过去 did was/were doing had done had been done将来 will/shall do will be doing will have done will have been doing过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing一.一般现在时(考点)1.表示经常性.习惯性、反复性的动作.常与always,usually,often,every day+时间状语连用;2.表示科学事实,客观真理,自然现象时;3.在时间、条件、让步状从中,用一般现在表将来;4.按时刻表将要发生的动作,常用v(go,arrive,leave,start,return,begin,come,take off 等)。二.一般过去时(考点)1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作,常与yesterday,last year,three years ago, the other day连用;2.根据上下文间的意思判断;3.在时间、条件让步状从中,主句用would+v(过去将来),从句用一般过去时。三.一般将来时(考点)结构: ①be going to② be to do③ be about to do2. 表示将来要发生的动作.四.现在进行时1.表示说话时正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at present,at this moment连用;2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,常与 these days, this mouth, this term, this semester 连用;3.与always, usually, forever, constantly 连用,表示情感色彩;4. 动词如come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive等表示位移的词用进行时表将来。五.过去进行时1. 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作,常与 at that time, this time yesterday, the whole morning 连用;2. 表示过去某一时间段一直持续的动作;3. 一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,常与 while, when 引导的时间状语从句连用;4. 动词如come, go, leave, start等表示过去将来。六.将来进行时1. 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作;2. 表示将来某段时间持续的动作。七.现在完成时(考点)1. 表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响,常与already, yet, just,recently连用;2.表示过去的某一个动作一直持续到现在,常与recently,until now,ever since, in/over the last/past few years, up to now, so far等连用。3.常用句型①It/This/That is the first/second time that sb have/has done sth②It/That/This is the best/most interesting +n. that sb have/has done sth八.过去完成时(考点)1.表示过去某一时间前已经完成的动作,常与by+过去时间点,by the end of+过去时间点,by the time+从句,until/before/since+过去时间点;2.当从句的谓v动作发生在主句谓v之前,且主句谓v为一般过去式时;eg:He said that he (buy) it several days ago.3.用于hardly-..when,no sooner....than中(一···就)①Hardly had + 主 + done + when 从句②No sooner had +主 +done + than +从句eg: Hardly had I started studying when the power went out.我刚开始学习,电源就断了,九.过去将来时(V)1..表示从过去的时间点看将来发生的动作2. 结构:① was/were going to do②was/were about to do③was/were to do十.现在完成进行时1.表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作;2.表示过去某段时间反复进行的动作.三. 语态态 时 一般 进行 完成现在 am/is/are done am/is/are being done have/has been done过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done将来 will be done will be being done will have been done过去将来 would be done would be being done would have been done用法标志词by主语为动作的承受者有些词只以被动出现:be born,be determine/devoted to do, be occupied with, be located in注意不及物动词不用被动语态:happen/take place/occur, remain, last...有些及物动词无被动语态get +动词过去分词 表被动主动表被动系动词: smell,taste,feel,look,sound+adj. ,主动表被动动词:need,want,require,deserve,bear,worth+ 动名词=v. +to be donebe to blame主谓一致语法一致(主单调单.主复谓复)1.谓语动词为单数,主语情况:1)不定代词(sth,somebodyy)2)不定式,动名词,从句3) no/each/every/many a+单n4)many a/more than one +单n2.就近原则1)There be 句型2)A or B, not only A but also B,neither A nor B,either A or B 谓语单复数与B保持一致3)倒装,疑问句3.就远原则:A with/together with/but/as well as/rather than B 谓语单复数与A保持一致二. 意义一致主语 谓语(单) 谓语(复)number a number of+ 可数n复数 √the number of + 可数n复数 √quantity a quantity of+ 可数n复数 √不可数n √quantities of+可数n复数/不可数n √all,the part,the remaining +可数n复数 √+不可数n √百分比/分数 +可数n复数 √+不可数n √the+adj. 一类人 √书名、电视、杂志、国家 √the/a 身份+a 身份 √the/a 身份+身份 √集体n 整体 √各部分 √ 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 高三语法 之词性.docx 高三语法 之词性.pdf